CN115070436B - Machining method suitable for motor rotor shaft - Google Patents
Machining method suitable for motor rotor shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN115070436B CN115070436B CN202210649241.3A CN202210649241A CN115070436B CN 115070436 B CN115070436 B CN 115070436B CN 202210649241 A CN202210649241 A CN 202210649241A CN 115070436 B CN115070436 B CN 115070436B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P23/06—Metal-working plant comprising a number of associated machines or apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
Abstract
The application provides a machining method suitable for a motor rotor shaft, and belongs to the field of machining. The problem of current motor rotor shaft machining precision low is solved. The method comprises the steps of S1, clamping a blank of a motor rotor shaft on a chuck of a turning and milling composite device, clamping the diameter position of the shaft at M1 by the chuck, and clamping a center frame at the position of a support shaft neck of a center frame at the end M2; s2, deep holes, chamfers, matching surfaces of a rotary sensor, a bearing position-1, matching surfaces of a rotor core, a D1 disc and a short key groove are machined; s3, preparing aluminum clamping claws matched with the conformal stepped holes of the matching surface of the rotary sensor; s4, clamping the matching surface of the rotary sensor by using an aluminum claw, and carrying out auxiliary support on the center frame; s5, machining a center hole, a short hole, a large diameter of a reducer matching spline and a bearing position-2, and machining the reducer matching spline through gear shaping; s6, driving the two centers to finish turning all the outer circles, and machining four rotor core positioning key slots. The application is suitable for the processing method of the new energy automobile parts.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of rotor shaft processing methods, and particularly relates to a processing method suitable for a motor rotor shaft.
Background
The future development of automobiles worldwide is in the direction of new energy, or electric. The new energy automobile industry in China is growing, and new steps are continuously carried out. Through the development of the years, the irreversible situation of new energy is basically formed. The motor is an important driving assembly in a new energy automobile, the rotor shaft of the motor is used as a core component in the motor to work in a high-rotation-speed and high-load state for a long time, the dimensional accuracy and the shape and position accuracy of the component in the manufacturing process are very high, and the machining accuracy of the elements directly influences the test result and the service life of the motor.
In the prior art, because the motor rotor shaft structure causes that the motor rotor shaft structure can be machined only through turning, milling and gear shaping, the general machining process method uses a numerical control vehicle to machine all the rotary surfaces, then uses a machining center to machine the contour, the spiral groove and the key groove needing milling and shaping, and finally uses a gear shaping machine to perform gear shaping, however, the equipment use cost in the process is higher, and simultaneously, a plurality of sets of clamps are required to be repeatedly disassembled and clamped to machine different positions, the parallelism of the positioning shaft diameter and the axial groove and the spline precision cannot be guaranteed, and the production efficiency cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the application aims to provide a processing method suitable for a motor rotor shaft so as to solve the problem of low processing precision of the existing motor rotor shaft.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the application is realized as follows:
the processing method suitable for the motor rotor shaft specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, a blank of a motor rotor shaft is provided with an M1 shaft and an M2 shaft, a step is arranged between the M1 shaft and the M2 shaft, a D1 disc is arranged on the M2 shaft, the blank of the motor rotor shaft is clamped on a chuck of a turning and milling composite device, the chuck of the turning and milling composite device clamps the diameter position of the M1 shaft, and a center frame is clamped at the position of a support shaft neck of a center frame at the M2 end;
s2, drilling the end face of the M2 shaft by using the drilling function of the turning and milling composite equipment to form a deep hole coaxial with the M2 shaft, and finishing chamfering the end of the deep hole to the required requirement by using the turning function of the turning and milling composite equipment; after the center frame is opened after the center point is called to tightly prop up the chamfer position, rough turning and semi-finish turning are carried out on the outer circles of the matching surface of the rotary sensor, the bearing position-1, the matching surface of the rotor core and the D1 disk, and milling is carried out on the short key groove of the matching surface of the rotary sensor, so that a semi-finished product of the rotor shaft of the motor is formed;
s3, taking down the semi-finished product of the motor rotor shaft processed in the step S2, replacing the chuck claw of the turning and milling composite equipment with an aluminum claw, and turning the aluminum claw into a conformal stepped hole of the matching surface of the rotary sensor;
s4, clamping a matching surface of the rotary sensor by adopting an aluminum claw, axially positioning the right end surface of the matching surface of the rotary sensor, and carrying out auxiliary support on the shaft diameter of the supporting position of the center frame clamping center frame;
s5, drilling the end face of the M1 shaft to form a central hole coaxial with the M1 shaft, drilling a short hole coaxial with the central hole on the central hole, roughly turning the major diameter of the matched spline of the speed reducer and the excircle of the bearing position-2, and performing gear shaping processing on the matched spline of the speed reducer;
s6, removing the chuck aluminum claw, replacing the chuck of the turning and milling composite equipment, clamping the center by the chuck of the turning and milling composite equipment, driving all outer circle diameters of the precisely turned rotor shaft and the sealing end face of the bearing position-2 by two centers, milling the rotor core positioning key slot-1 to the rotor core positioning key slot-4, and finishing the machining of the motor rotor shaft.
In the step S1, the clamping position of the M1 end is near the left end of the M1 shaft, the position of the support journal of the M2 end center frame is 120mm to 180mm from the right end face of the M2 shaft, and the diameter of the support journal of the M2 end center frame is 47mm.
Furthermore, in the step S2, a diameter 26 drill is called for drilling the deep hole by using a turning and milling composite drilling function, and an mctturn turning function is used for calling an inner hole boring cutter to finish chamfering the end of the deep hole, so that the roughness of Ra1.6 and the runout of not more than 0.005mm are ensured; calling a top tip to tightly prop up a chamfer position, opening a center frame, calling a 75-degree rough turning tool to roughly turn a matching surface of a rotary sensor, a bearing position-1 and a matching surface of a rotor core, roughly turning an outer circle of a D1 disc and reserving a finish turning allowance of 1mm, and calling a 93-degree finish turning tool to semi-finish turning the outer circle after roughly turning, reserving the finish turning allowance of 0.5mm, so as to ensure the accuracy requirements of a diameter tolerance level h7 and cylindricity of 0.02mm of the machined outer circle; and (3) calling an end mill with the diameter of 3mm to mill a short key groove of the matching surface of the rotary sensor, so that the precision of the key groove is ensured.
In the step S3, the aperture of the conformal stepped hole is 0.1mm larger than the axial diameter of the matching surface of the rotary sensor, and the aperture runout is not more than 0.01mm.
Further, in S4, the center frame support position is a position on the M2 axis near the D1 disc.
Furthermore, in the step S5, a B5 type central drill is called to drill a short hole end central hole, so that the roughness and runout of the central hole Ra1.6 are ensured to be not more than 0.005mm; calling a drill bit to process a short hole, calling a 75-degree rough turning tool, and roughly processing the outer circle of the reducer matched with the major diameter of the spline and the bearing position-2, wherein the allowance is 1mm; a 93-degree excircle finishing tool is called to perform semi-finishing on the rough machining journal, wherein the allowance is 0.5mm; finish turning the large diameter of the paired spline of the speed reducer to the size, and ensuring that the coaxial line of the large diameter of the paired spline of the speed reducer jumps by 0.02mm;
the turning and milling composite gear shaping function is used, a gear shaping cutter is called to carry out gear shaping processing on the paired spline of the speed reducer, the matched coaxiality of the paired spline of the speed reducer and the rotor core is guaranteed to be 0.02mm, the turning function is used, a 35-degree sharp cutter is called to carry out C1 chamfering and deburring on the right side of the paired spline of the speed reducer, a center frame is opened, and a workpiece is taken down after the processing is completed.
In the step S6, the self-made center is clamped by the chuck of the turning and milling composite equipment, the self-made center is self-turned, the center and the axis runout are guaranteed to be 0.003mm, a two-center clamping mode is used, the self-made center of the chuck end is tightly propped against the deep hole chamfer position, the turning and milling composite tailstock center is started, the center is moved to the center hole of the short hole end and tightly propped against the center hole, a turning function is used, a 93-degree finishing tool is called to finish turning on each reserved part after semi-finish in the step S3 and the step S5, and the requirements of the excircle diameter tolerance level h7, the cylindricity of 0.02mm and the total runout of 0.02mm are guaranteed; finish turning the sealing end face of the bearing position-2; a milling function is used, and a spherical milling cutter with the diameter of 1mm is called to process a bearing position-2 spiral oil groove;
and (3) respectively machining a rotor core positioning key groove-1, a rotor core positioning key groove-3, a rotor core positioning key groove-2 and a rotor core positioning key groove-4 by calling an end milling cutter with the diameter of 6 mm.
Further, the rotor core positioning key groove-1, the rotor core positioning key groove-2, the rotor core positioning key groove-3 and the rotor core positioning key groove-4 are uniformly distributed around the rotor shaft, the rotor core positioning key groove-1 and the rotor core positioning key groove-3 are arranged right opposite, and the rotor core positioning key groove-2 and the rotor core positioning key groove-4 are arranged right opposite.
Further, in the step S6, the specific processing method of the four rotor core positioning keyways is as follows:
(1) Finish milling is carried out on the bottom surfaces of the rotor core positioning key groove-1 and the rotor core positioning key groove-3 from right to left;
(2) Finish milling is carried out on the bottoms of the rotor core positioning key groove-2 and the rotor core positioning key groove-4 from right to left;
(3) Finish milling is carried out on the groove walls of the rotor core positioning key groove-1 and the rotor core positioning key groove-3 in a down milling mode from right to left;
(4) Finish milling is carried out on the groove walls of the rotor core positioning key groove-2 and the rotor core positioning key groove-4 in a down milling mode from right to left;
the right-to-left direction refers to the direction from the center of the turning and milling composite tailstock to the self-made center of the chuck end.
Furthermore, in S6, the finish turning direction from inside to outside is used when the sealing end surface of the bearing position-2 is finish turned, so that the spiral line generated by finish turning of the turning tool is guaranteed to be opposite to the rotating direction when the motor shaft is used, and the flowing direction of oil in the working process of the motor shaft is controlled.
Compared with the prior art, the machining method suitable for the motor rotor shaft has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The application utilizes turning and milling combination to process the motor rotor shaft, and can realize that various procedures including turning, milling, drilling, boring and the like are processed and completed on one piece of equipment, thereby greatly shortening the manufacturing process chain of products and improving the production efficiency.
(2) Compared with the common processing technology of the motor rotor shaft, the processing technology has the advantages that all or most of processing procedures can be completed through one-time clamping by utilizing the turning and milling combined processing, so that the clamping times are reduced, error accumulation caused by conversion of a positioning reference is avoided, and the processing precision is improved.
(3) The processing method controls the processing direction of the sealing end surface to obtain a better sealing effect, establishes a processing technology of firstly processing the spline and then processing the key slot, and ensures the precision of the key slot and the spline; the clamping mode driven by friction force of two centers is used for processing the matching surfaces of the key groove and the rotary transformer sensor, the bearing position, the rotor core matching surface, the rotor core positioning key groove and the matching spline of the speed reducer to ensure the full jump requirement of each position; meanwhile, purchasing and manufacturing of the fixture required by the traditional process can be reduced, and production cost is effectively reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute an undue limitation on the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for machining a rotor shaft of an electric machine according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a motor rotor shaft component;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a blank structure of a rotor shaft of an electric motor according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a process S2 according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the processes S4 and S5 according to an inventive embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of two-center clamping in the process S6 according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of four rotor core positioning keyways for a rotor shaft of an electric machine according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the application are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application disclosed herein without departing from the scope of the application.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the application, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the creation of the present application will be understood in a specific case by those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features which are described below and which are involved in the various embodiments of the application can be combined with one another as long as they do not conflict with one another.
The motor rotor shaft part processed by the application comprises a rotor core matching surface matched with a rotor core, a rotor core positioning key groove, a bearing position-1 matched with a bearing and a bearing position-2, wherein a deep hole is formed in the central axis of the rotor core matching surface, a short hole is formed in the central axis of the speed reducer matching spline, a short key groove is formed in the rotary sensor matching surface, and a bearing position-2 rotary oil groove is formed in the bearing position-2;
as shown in fig. 1 to 7, a machining method suitable for a rotor shaft of an electric motor specifically includes the following steps:
s1, a blank of a motor rotor shaft is provided with an M1 shaft and an M2 shaft, a step is arranged between the M1 shaft and the M2 shaft, a D1 disc is arranged on the M2 shaft, the blank of the motor rotor shaft is clamped on a chuck of a turning and milling composite device, the chuck of the turning and milling composite device clamps the diameter position of the M1 shaft, and a center frame is clamped at the position of a support shaft neck of a center frame at the M2 end;
s2, drilling the end face of the M2 shaft by using the drilling function of the turning and milling composite equipment to form a deep hole coaxial with the M2 shaft, and finishing chamfering the end of the deep hole to the required requirement by using the turning function of the turning and milling composite equipment; after the center frame is opened after the center point is called to tightly prop up the chamfer position, rough turning and semi-finish turning are carried out on the outer circles of the matching surface of the rotary sensor, the bearing position-1, the matching surface of the rotor core and the D1 disk, and milling is carried out on the short key groove of the matching surface of the rotary sensor, so that a semi-finished product of the rotor shaft of the motor is formed;
s3, taking down the semi-finished product of the motor rotor shaft processed in the step S2, replacing the chuck claw of the turning and milling composite equipment with an aluminum claw, and turning the aluminum claw into a conformal stepped hole of the matching surface of the rotary sensor;
s4, clamping a matching surface of the rotary sensor by adopting an aluminum claw, axially positioning the right end surface of the matching surface of the rotary sensor, and carrying out auxiliary support on the shaft diameter of the supporting position of the center frame clamping center frame;
s5, drilling the end face of the M1 shaft to form a central hole coaxial with the M1 shaft, drilling a short hole coaxial with the central hole on the central hole, roughly turning the major diameter of the matched spline of the speed reducer and the excircle of the bearing position-2, and performing gear shaping processing on the matched spline of the speed reducer;
s6, removing the chuck aluminum claw, replacing the chuck of the turning and milling composite equipment, clamping the center by the chuck of the turning and milling composite equipment, driving all outer circle diameters of the precisely turned rotor shaft and the sealing end face of the bearing position-2 by two centers, milling the rotor core positioning key slot-1 to the rotor core positioning key slot-4, and finishing the machining of the motor rotor shaft.
S2, only finely machining a chamfer at the deep hole end to ensure the requirement of 0.005mm runout of the chamfer and the axis, taking the chamfer as a positioning reference for subsequent fine machining, carrying out semi-fine turning on other excircles to reserve 0.5mm of finish turning allowance, and carrying out fine turning after finishing machining of a center hole in the second sequence of machining so as to ensure the total runout requirement of each excircle journal relative to the axis;
the hardness of the aluminum claw in the S3 is lower than that of the workpiece, the aluminum claw can effectively prevent the workpiece from being scratched, damage the processed surface and prevent the workpiece from being clamped and deformed, the size of the processing claw can ensure the coaxial precision of the matching surface diameter of the rotary sensor and the chamfering of the deep hole end, and simultaneously ensure the coaxial requirement of the center hole processed in the process, thereby providing a usable reference for the follow-up finish machining to ensure the total run-out requirement of each position and the axis;
s4, the rigidity of the turning system is increased by the center frame, the influence of vibration on the size and form and position tolerance is avoided, meanwhile, the total run-out of the workpiece and the axis is ensured to be within 0.01mm, the total run-out precision of the center hole and the axis processed in the sequence meets the requirement, and the center hole and the axis are used as the standard of subsequent finish machining;
s5, the processed short hole end center hole and the axis run out by 0.005mm, and the two positioning references (deep hole end chamfer and short hollow end center hole) are processed, so that the accuracy of 0.01mm is guaranteed with the axis run out, and the processed short hole end center hole and the axis run out can be used as the subsequent finish machining reference; meanwhile, the machining precision of the runout tolerance of the paired spline of the speed reducer and the axis is guaranteed to be 0.02mm;
s6, using two benchmarks (a deep hole end chamfer and a center hole of a short hole end) finely turned in the earlier stage, finely turning in a clamping mode driven by friction force by adopting two tips to tightly prop up, and ensuring the position precision and full jump requirements of all machining positions.
The following provides a processing method suitable for a motor rotor shaft, which comprises the following steps:
s1, clamping a blank of a motor rotor shaft on a chuck of a turning and milling composite device, clamping the position of an M1 shaft diameter by the chuck of the turning and milling composite device, and clamping a center frame at the position of a supporting shaft neck of a center frame at the end M2; the clamping position of the M1 end is close to the left end of the M1 shaft, the position of the supporting journal of the M2 end center frame is 120mm to 180mm from the right end face of the M2 shaft, and the diameter of the supporting journal of the M2 end center frame is 47mm;
s2, drilling a deep hole by using a diameter 26 drill bit with a turning and milling composite drilling function, and calling an inner hole boring cutter to finish chamfering the end of the deep hole by using an mcturn turning function, so that the roughness of Ra1.6 and the runout of not more than 0.005mm are ensured; calling a top tip to tightly prop up a chamfer position, opening a center frame, calling a 75-degree rough turning tool to roughly turn a matching surface of a rotary sensor, a bearing position-1 and a matching surface of a rotor core, roughly turning an outer circle of a D1 disc and reserving a finish turning allowance of 1mm, and calling a 93-degree finish turning tool to semi-finish turning the outer circle after roughly turning, reserving the finish turning allowance of 0.5mm, so as to ensure the accuracy requirements of a diameter tolerance level h7 and cylindricity of 0.02mm of the machined outer circle; invoking an end milling cutter with the diameter of 3mm to mill a short key groove of the matching surface of the rotary sensor, so as to ensure the precision of the key groove;
s3, taking down the semi-finished product of the motor rotor shaft processed in the step S2, replacing the chuck claw of the turning and milling composite equipment with an aluminum claw, and turning the aluminum claw into a conformal stepped hole of the matching surface of the rotary sensor; the aperture of the conformal stepped hole is larger than the axial diameter of the matching surface of the rotation sensor by 0.1mm, and the aperture runout is not larger than 0.01mm.
S4, clamping a matching surface of the rotary sensor by adopting an aluminum claw, axially positioning the right end surface of the matching surface of the rotary sensor, and carrying out auxiliary support on the shaft diameter of a supporting position of a center frame clamping center frame, wherein the supporting position of the center frame is a position, close to a D1 disc, on an M2 shaft;
s5, calling a B5 type center drill to drill a short hole end center hole, and ensuring that the roughness of the center hole Ra1.6 and the runout are not more than 0.005mm; calling a drill bit to process a short hole, calling a 75-degree rough turning tool, and roughly processing the outer circle of the reducer matched with the major diameter of the spline and the bearing position-2, wherein the allowance is 1mm; a 93-degree excircle finishing tool is called to perform semi-finishing on the rough machining journal, wherein the allowance is 0.5mm; finish turning the large diameter of the paired spline of the speed reducer to the size, and ensuring that the coaxial line of the large diameter of the paired spline of the speed reducer jumps by 0.02mm;
the turning and milling composite gear shaping function is used, a gear shaping cutter is called to perform gear shaping processing on the paired spline of the speed reducer, the cooperative coaxiality of the paired spline of the speed reducer and the rotor core is guaranteed to be 0.02mm, the mctturn turning function is used, a 35-degree sharp cutter is called to perform C1 chamfering and deburring on the right side of the paired spline of the speed reducer, a center frame is opened, and a workpiece is taken down after the processing is completed;
s6, removing an aluminum clamping jaw of a chuck, replacing a chuck of a turning and milling composite device, clamping a self-made center by the chuck of the turning and milling composite device, self-turning the self-made center, ensuring that the center and an axis jump by 0.003mm, using a two-center clamping mode, enabling the self-made center at the chuck end to tightly jack a deep hole chamfering position, starting the center of a turning and milling composite tailstock, moving the center to a center hole of a short hole end and tightly jack the center, using a mcttrn turning function, calling a 93-degree finishing tool to finish turning each reserved part after semi-finishing in S3 and S5, and ensuring the precision of the outer circle diameter tolerance grade h7, the cylindricity of 0.02mm and the total jump of 0.02mm;
because the sealing end face of the bearing position-2 is matched with a sealing ring, the finish turning is difficult to ensure the sealing precision, oil leakage phenomenon is often generated in the working process of the rotor shaft, besides the surface roughness RA0.8 is regulated by the finish turning parameter, the finish turning direction from inside to outside is used for finish turning the sealing end face of the bearing position-2, the spiral line generated by the finish turning tool is guaranteed to be opposite to the rotating direction when the motor shaft is used, the flowing direction of oil in the working process of the motor shaft is controlled, and the sealing effect required by the motor shaft is achieved;
a milling function is used, and a spherical milling cutter with the diameter of 1mm is called to process a bearing position-2 spiral oil groove;
invoking an end mill with the diameter of 6mm to respectively process a rotor core positioning key groove-1, a rotor core positioning key groove-3, a rotor core positioning key groove-2 and a rotor core positioning key groove-4, wherein the rotor core positioning key groove-1, the rotor core positioning key groove-2, the rotor core positioning key groove-3 and the rotor core positioning key groove-4 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of a rotor shaft, the rotor core positioning key groove-1 and the rotor core positioning key groove-3 are oppositely arranged, and the rotor core positioning key groove-2 and the rotor core positioning key groove-4 are oppositely arranged;
in the machining process, rough machining and finish machining are separated, particularly when finish machining is performed on the straight groove, the finish machining is performed by adopting a mirror image machining strategy, and the specific machining method of the four rotor core positioning key grooves comprises the following steps:
(1) Finish milling is carried out on the bottom surfaces of the rotor core positioning key groove-1 and the rotor core positioning key groove-3 from right to left;
(2) Finish milling is carried out on the bottoms of the rotor core positioning key groove-2 and the rotor core positioning key groove-4 from right to left;
(3) Finish milling is carried out on the groove walls of the rotor core positioning key groove-1 and the rotor core positioning key groove-3 in a down milling mode from right to left;
(4) Finish milling is carried out on the groove walls of the rotor core positioning key groove-2 and the rotor core positioning key groove-4 in a down milling mode from right to left;
the right-to-left direction refers to the direction from the center of the turning and milling composite tailstock to the self-made center of the chuck end.
The processing method suitable for the rotor shaft has the following effects:
(1) The process comprises the following steps: in step S5, the machining of the mating spline of the speed reducer must be performed before the finish machining of the rotor core positioning key slot in S6, for example, machining the key slot after the process is concentrated, which results in no position of the machine tool center frame support. Because the number of the key grooves is four, the three-jaw clamping is not feasible, and the four-jaw clamping is difficult to ensure the full jump requirements of the spline and the long key groove and the axis of subsequent processing. A technological scheme of spline-first-key-groove-second-key-groove is formulated.
(2) In the step S2, only the deep hole end chamfer is finished to ensure that the chamfer ensures the chamfer and the axis to jump by 0.005mm, and the chamfer is used as a follow-up finish machining positioning reference, other excircles are half finish machined to leave finish turning allowance by 0.5mm, and finish turning is performed after the center hole of the other end is finished, so that the total runout requirement of each excircle journal relative to the axis is ensured.
(3) In the step S3, the aluminum claw is adopted to replace a standard hard claw, the hardness of the aluminum claw is lower than that of a workpiece, the aluminum claw can be used for effectively preventing the workpiece from being clamped and damaged, the machined surface is damaged, the workpiece is prevented from being clamped and deformed, the claw size is machined, the coaxial precision of the shaft diameter of the matching surface of the rotary sensor and the chamfering of the deep hole end can be ensured, the coaxial requirement of a central hole machined in the working procedure is ensured, and a usable reference is provided for the follow-up finish machining to ensure the total run-out requirement of each position and the axis.
(4) In step S4, the rigidity of the turning system is increased by adopting the center frame, the influence of vibration on the size and form and position tolerance is avoided, meanwhile, the full-jump precision of the workpiece and the axis is ensured, the jump requirement of the center hole and the axis is ensured for the center hole of the machining sequence, and the center hole is used as a follow-up finish machining reference.
(5) In the step S5, the processed short hole end central hole and the axis run out by 0.005mm are guaranteed, the processing of the two positioning references (deep hole end chamfer and short hollow end central hole) is completed, the accuracy of 0.01mm is guaranteed with the axis run out, and the processing device can be used as a subsequent finish machining reference. Meanwhile, the machining precision of the runout tolerance of the paired spline of the speed reducer and the axis is guaranteed to be 0.02 mm.
(6) In step S6, two benchmarks (a deep hole end chamfer and a center hole of a short hole end) which are finely turned in the earlier stage are used, two tips are tightly propped, and a clamping mode driven by friction force is adopted for finely turning, so that the position precision and the total run-out requirements of all machining positions can be ensured.
(7) In step S6, the conventional machining process of the rotor core positioning key slot adopts sequential machining, that is, the rotor core positioning key slot-1, the rotor core positioning key slot-2, the rotor core positioning key slot-3, the bottom of the rotor core positioning key slot-4 and the slot wall are finished in sequence, so that a certain abrasion is generated on the cutter in the machining process, the sequential machining is adopted to easily cause a larger precision difference between the precision of the rotor core positioning key slot-1 and the precision of the rotor core positioning key slot-4, and meanwhile, the accumulated error is overlarge, so that the dynamic balance of the rotor shaft of the motor is influenced. The machining sequence in the application can ensure that the size of the positioning key slot of the rotor core after finish machining has symmetry, and the cutting force is balanced during machining, so that the accumulated error can be effectively reduced. Meanwhile, the tolerance requirements of 0.02mm of total run-out of the relative axes of the paired spline of the speed reducer and the rotor core positioning key groove-1, the rotor core positioning key groove-2, the rotor core positioning key groove-3, the rotor core positioning key groove-4, the deep hole, the short hole, the rotor core matching surface and the bearing position journal are guaranteed, and the optimal dynamic balance state is achieved.
(8) In step S6, the machining direction from right to left is adopted when the rotor core positioning key slot is machined, the cutter is machined from the tip end of the tailstock to the chuck direction, the stress direction of the workpiece is the vertical chuck direction, and the clamping mode of the sequence is that the two tips are tightly propped, so that the rotor core positioning key slot is not driven by clamping force, but is driven by friction force. So that the friction force can be increased by the force generated by the right-to-left machining, and the driving is more reliable and stable.
(9) In step S6, the finish turning direction from inside to outside is used when the spiral oil groove of the bearing position-2 is finish turned, so that the spiral line generated by finish turning of the turning tool is guaranteed to be opposite to the rotating direction when the motor shaft is used, the flowing direction of oil in the working process of the motor shaft is controlled, and the sealing effect required by the motor shaft is achieved.
The inventive embodiments of the present application disclosed above are merely intended to help illustrate the present application. The examples are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the application to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the application and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best understand and utilize the application.
Claims (10)
1. The processing method suitable for the motor rotor shaft is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, a blank of a motor rotor shaft is provided with an M1 shaft and an M2 shaft, a step is arranged between the M1 shaft and the M2 shaft, a D1 disc is arranged on the M2 shaft, the blank of the motor rotor shaft is clamped on a chuck of a turning and milling composite device, the chuck of the turning and milling composite device clamps the diameter position of the M1 shaft, and a center frame is clamped at the position of a support shaft neck of a center frame at the M2 end;
s2, drilling the end face of the M2 shaft by using the drilling function of the turning and milling composite equipment to form a deep hole coaxial with the M2 shaft, and finishing chamfering the end of the deep hole to the required requirement by using the turning function of the turning and milling composite equipment; after the center frame is opened after the center point is called to tightly prop up the chamfer position, rough turning and semi-finish turning are carried out on the outer circles of the matching surface of the rotary sensor, the bearing position-1, the matching surface of the rotor core and the D1 disk, and milling is carried out on the short key groove of the matching surface of the rotary sensor, so that a semi-finished product of the rotor shaft of the motor is formed;
s3, taking down the semi-finished product of the motor rotor shaft processed in the step S2, replacing the chuck claw of the turning and milling composite equipment with an aluminum claw, and turning the aluminum claw into a conformal stepped hole of the matching surface of the rotary sensor;
s4, clamping a matching surface of the rotary sensor by adopting an aluminum claw, axially positioning the right end surface of the matching surface of the rotary sensor, and carrying out auxiliary support on the shaft diameter of the supporting position of the center frame clamping center frame;
s5, drilling the end face of the M1 shaft to form a central hole coaxial with the M1 shaft, drilling a short hole coaxial with the central hole on the central hole, roughly turning the major diameter of the matched spline of the speed reducer and the excircle of the bearing position-2, and performing gear shaping processing on the matched spline of the speed reducer;
s6, removing the chuck aluminum claw, replacing the chuck of the turning and milling composite equipment, clamping the center by the chuck of the turning and milling composite equipment, driving all outer circle diameters of the precisely turned rotor shaft and the sealing end face of the bearing position-2 by two centers, milling the rotor core positioning key slot-1 to the rotor core positioning key slot-4, and finishing the machining of the motor rotor shaft.
2. A method of machining a rotor shaft for an electric machine according to claim 1, wherein: in the S1, the clamping position of the M1 end is close to the left end of the M1 shaft, the position of the supporting journal of the M2 end center frame is 120mm to 180mm from the right end face of the M2 shaft, and the diameter of the supporting journal of the M2 end center frame is 47mm.
3. A method of machining a rotor shaft for an electric machine according to claim 1, wherein: in the S2, a diameter 26 drill bit is called for drilling the deep hole by using a turning and milling composite drilling function, and an mctturn turning function is used for calling an inner hole boring cutter to finish machining a deep hole end chamfer, so that the roughness of Ra1.6 and the runout of not more than 0.005mm are ensured; calling a top tip to tightly prop up a chamfer position, opening a center frame, calling a 75-degree rough turning tool to roughly turn a matching surface of a rotary sensor, a bearing position-1 and a matching surface of a rotor core, roughly turning an outer circle of a D1 disc and reserving a finish turning allowance of 1mm, and calling a 93-degree finish turning tool to semi-finish turning the outer circle after roughly turning, reserving the finish turning allowance of 0.5mm, so as to ensure the accuracy requirements of a diameter tolerance level h7 and cylindricity of 0.02mm of the machined outer circle; and (3) calling an end mill with the diameter of 3mm to mill a short key groove of the matching surface of the rotary sensor, so that the precision of the key groove is ensured.
4. A method of machining a rotor shaft for an electric machine according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, the aperture of the conformal stepped hole is larger than the axial diameter of the matching surface of the rotation sensor by 0.1mm, and the aperture runout is not larger than 0.01mm.
5. A method of machining a rotor shaft for an electric machine according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, the supporting position of the center frame is a position, close to the D1 disc, on the M2 axis.
6. A method of machining a rotor shaft for an electric machine according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S5, a B5 type central drill is called to drill a short hole end central hole, so that the roughness of the central hole Ra1.6 is ensured, and the runout is not more than 0.005mm; calling a drill bit to process a short hole, calling a 75-degree rough turning tool, and roughly processing the outer circle of the reducer matched with the major diameter of the spline and the bearing position-2, wherein the allowance is 1mm; a 93-degree excircle finishing tool is called to perform semi-finishing on the rough machining journal, wherein the allowance is 0.5mm; finish turning the large diameter of the paired spline of the speed reducer to the size, and ensuring that the coaxial line of the large diameter of the paired spline of the speed reducer jumps by 0.02mm;
the turning and milling composite gear shaping function is used, a gear shaping cutter is called to carry out gear shaping processing on the paired spline of the speed reducer, the matched coaxiality of the paired spline of the speed reducer and the rotor core is guaranteed to be 0.02mm, the turning function is used, a 35-degree sharp cutter is called to carry out C1 chamfering and deburring on the right side of the paired spline of the speed reducer, a center frame is opened, and a workpiece is taken down after the processing is completed.
7. A method of machining a rotor shaft for an electric machine according to claim 1, wherein: in the S6, a self-made center is clamped by a chuck of the turning and milling composite equipment, the self-made center is self-turned, the center and an axis are guaranteed to jump by 0.003mm, a two-center clamping mode is used, the self-made center of the chuck end is used for propping up the deep hole chamfer position, the turning and milling composite tailstock center is started, the center is moved to a center hole of the short hole end and propped up, a turning function is used, a 93-degree finishing tool is called to finish turning on each reserved part after semi-finishing in the S3 and the S5, and the requirements of an excircle diameter tolerance level h7, cylindricity of 0.02mm and full jump of 0.02mm are guaranteed; finish turning the sealing end face of the bearing position-2; a milling function is used, and a spherical milling cutter with the diameter of 1mm is called to process a bearing position-2 spiral oil groove;
and (3) respectively machining a rotor core positioning key groove-1, a rotor core positioning key groove-3, a rotor core positioning key groove-2 and a rotor core positioning key groove-4 by calling an end milling cutter with the diameter of 6 mm.
8. A method of machining a rotor shaft for an electric machine according to claim 7, wherein: the rotor core positioning key groove-1, the rotor core positioning key groove-2, the rotor core positioning key groove-3 and the rotor core positioning key groove-4 are uniformly distributed around the rotor shaft, the rotor core positioning key groove-1 and the rotor core positioning key groove-3 are arranged right opposite, and the rotor core positioning key groove-2 and the rotor core positioning key groove-4 are arranged right opposite.
9. A method of machining a rotor shaft for an electric machine according to claim 8, wherein: in the step S6, the specific processing method of the four rotor core positioning key grooves comprises the following steps:
(1) Finish milling is carried out on the bottom surfaces of the rotor core positioning key groove-1 and the rotor core positioning key groove-3 from right to left;
(2) Finish milling is carried out on the bottoms of the rotor core positioning key groove-2 and the rotor core positioning key groove-4 from right to left;
(3) Finish milling is carried out on the groove walls of the rotor core positioning key groove-1 and the rotor core positioning key groove-3 in a down milling mode from right to left;
(4) Finish milling is carried out on the groove walls of the rotor core positioning key groove-2 and the rotor core positioning key groove-4 in a down milling mode from right to left;
the right-to-left direction refers to the direction from the center of the turning and milling composite tailstock to the self-made center of the chuck end.
10. A method of machining a rotor shaft for an electric machine according to claim 7, wherein: and S6, when the sealing end surface of the bearing position-2 is finish-turned, the finish-turning direction from inside to outside is used, so that the spiral line generated by finish-turning of the turning tool is guaranteed to be opposite to the rotating direction when the motor shaft is used, and the flowing direction of oil in the working process of the motor shaft is controlled.
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| CN105382492A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-03-09 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Turn-milling combination machining process for shaft parts of special-shaped structure |
| CN105397429A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-03-16 | 常州南车铁马科技实业有限公司 | Mechanical processing method of axle bridge for rail vehicle |
| CN110666467A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-01-10 | 抚州申铃汽车配件有限责任公司 | Machining process of automobile front axle inner half shaft |
| WO2021196727A1 (en) * | 2020-03-29 | 2021-10-07 | 至玥腾风科技集团有限公司 | Manufacturing method for high-speed rotor |
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| CN105382492A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-03-09 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Turn-milling combination machining process for shaft parts of special-shaped structure |
| CN105397429A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-03-16 | 常州南车铁马科技实业有限公司 | Mechanical processing method of axle bridge for rail vehicle |
| CN110666467A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-01-10 | 抚州申铃汽车配件有限责任公司 | Machining process of automobile front axle inner half shaft |
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