CN109079447B - Deep hole machining method for diesel engine frame - Google Patents
Deep hole machining method for diesel engine frame Download PDFInfo
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- CN109079447B CN109079447B CN201811212910.0A CN201811212910A CN109079447B CN 109079447 B CN109079447 B CN 109079447B CN 201811212910 A CN201811212910 A CN 201811212910A CN 109079447 B CN109079447 B CN 109079447B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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Abstract
The invention discloses a deep hole machining method for a diesel engine frame, which comprises the following steps of: polishing the blank cavity; drilling a deep hole on the top surface section of the drill frame; drilling and reaming a hole bottom hole; roughly and finely reaming a bottom hole; drilling a half face section deep hole of the drilling machine frame; and (6) chamfering. The invention has simple processing technology and convenient operation. The centering drill tool bit adopts the center to bore and the different hexagon blade combination drilling in two positions, has improved machining efficiency greatly, and hexagon blade chip breaking performance is good, and cutter arbor and tool bit chip removal are smooth and easy, and the tool bit can work under abundant cooling and lubrication condition during the cutting, and the tool bit center is adjusted well during the drilling, avoids boring partially, and the chamfer tapering is even, when above-mentioned measure further improves machining efficiency, has greatly improved deep hole processingquality, has guaranteed the geometric tolerances such as axiality of deep hole and position degree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a deep hole machining method, in particular to a machining method of a deep and long cross hole in a diesel engine frame, and belongs to the technical field of machining.
Background
The deep hole penetrating through by the pull rod bolt for installing the main bearing cap on the diesel engine frame is a difficult point in the frame processing. As shown in fig. 1, taking the model L32/40 as an example, the deep hole 11 penetrates from the top surface of the frame 1 to the main bearing cap mounting surface, the hole diameter d1 is phi 55mm, the hole depth H reaches 1231mm, a section d2 is phi 52H8 and a section d 60mm deep reamed hole 12 is arranged in the middle of the deep hole 11 and is H1 mm away from the top surface of the frame 1, the roughness requires ra3.2, the phi 52H8 reamed hole 12 and the phi 55 deep hole 11 are in 20 ° chamfer transition, a blank cavity 13 is arranged at a position about 10mm above the reamed hole 12 in the middle of the deep hole 11, and the deep hole 11 is also communicated with the oil hole 14 on the side surface of the frame 1, so that the deep hole 11 on the frame 1 belongs to a typical deep and long cross hole structure, drilling deviation is easy, and chip removal, cutter cooling and the like of the deep hole 11 are difficult.
The method adopted for machining the deep and long cross hole at present is to place the rack 1 laterally, enable the top surface of the rack 1 to face two stations of a spindle of a horizontal boring and milling machine and enable a half surface to face a spindle of a machine tool, connect the deep hole 11 in a twist drill and expanding mode, and then ream and chamfer the hole. However, the twist drill is easy to drill off-center during drilling and reaming, when the drill passes through the blank cavity 13, the part of the intermediate transition phi 52H8 reamed hole 12 cannot be accurately communicated, the coaxiality of the phi 52H8 reamed hole 12 and the phi 55 deep hole 11 is poor, and meanwhile, because the chamfering tool is thin and long, during chamfering processing, due to factors such as dead weight of the tool, the size of one side of the chamfering taper is large and the other side of the chamfering taper is small, the sealing for installing a pull rod bolt is not facilitated, and the processing quality of the deep hole 11 cannot be guaranteed. In addition, the method has extremely low processing efficiency, needs to consume a large amount of time for drilling and reaming, has quick cutter abrasion and long auxiliary time for cutter replacement, and is not beneficial to mass production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a deep hole machining method for a diesel engine frame, which has the advantages of simple machining process, convenience in operation, high machining efficiency and good deep hole machining quality.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a deep hole machining method for a diesel engine frame comprises the following steps:
1) polishing the blank cavity in the middle of the deep hole by a bench worker to ensure that the top surface and the bottom surface of the blank cavity are smooth;
2) horizontally placing the top surface of the frame on a numerical control horizontal boring and milling machine towards a machine tool spindle, and ensuring that the axis of the deep hole to be processed is coaxial with the axis of the machine tool spindle;
3) utilizing a centering drill to drill a deep hole, directly drilling the deep hole to a depth H1 and then retracting the drill, discharging chips from a workpiece, then quickly feeding the centering drill to a depth H2 for continuously drilling, drilling a blank cavity, quickly feeding the centering drill to the upper side of the bottom surface of the blank cavity, and continuously drilling the deep hole to finish the deep hole machining of the top surface section of the rack;
4) replacing the tool bit of the centering drill, and drilling a reamed hole bottom hole in the middle of the deep hole, wherein the depth of the bottom hole is designed;
5) replacing the reamer with the replaceable head, and roughly and finely reaming the bottom hole twice to complete the machining of the reamed hole;
6) turning the frame around to enable the half surface of the frame to face the main shaft, and drilling a deep hole by using a centering drill according to the method in the step 3) until the deep hole is communicated with the oil hole on the side surface of the frame to complete the deep hole machining of the half surface section of the frame;
7) and vertically placing the rack on a numerical control vertical drilling machine, and processing a chamfer between the deep hole and the reamed hole of the rack by using a chamfer cutter.
The object of the invention is further achieved by the following technical measures.
The method for machining the deep hole of the diesel engine frame is characterized in that H2 is smaller than H1 in the step 3).
According to the method for machining the deep hole of the diesel engine rack, the centering drill comprises a cutter handle, a cutter rod and a replaceable cutter head, two ends of the cutter handle are fixedly connected with a main shaft of the machine tool and one end of the cutter rod respectively, and the replaceable cutter head is fixed at the other end of the cutter rod; the two sides of the cutter bar body are respectively provided with a through axial long cambered surface chip removal groove, the replaceable cutter head comprises a cutter head body, a center drill and two polygonal blades, the cutter head body is fixed on the cutter bar, the two sides of the cutter head body are respectively provided with an inner cooling hole, the center drill is fixed at the center of the cutter head body, the two sides of the center drill are respectively provided with a chip removal groove, the chip removal grooves are respectively communicated with the axial long cambered surface chip removal grooves on the two sides of the cutter bar body, one polygonal blade is fixed on the edge of one side of the cutter head body, and the other polygonal blade is fixed in.
In the method for machining the deep hole in the diesel engine frame, the other end of the cutter bar and the cutter head body are respectively and symmetrically provided with the guide supporting plates, and the guide supporting plates on the cutter bar and the guide supporting plates on the cutter head body are arranged in a staggered manner.
In the deep hole machining method for the diesel engine frame, the polygonal blade is subjected to high-temperature-resistant, wear-resistant and impact-resistant coating treatment, the main deflection angle Kr of the polygonal blade is 28 degrees, the axial positive rake angle yp of the polygonal blade is 5 degrees, and the periphery of the polygonal blade is provided with the chip breaker groove.
According to the deep hole machining method for the diesel engine frame, the chamfering tool comprises the handle part, the middle connecting rod and the replaceable integral tool bit, the handle part is fixed on the main shaft of the machine tool, two ends of the middle connecting rod are fixedly connected with one end of the handle part and one end of the replaceable integral tool bit respectively, and a plurality of inclined cutting edges are uniformly distributed at the other end of the replaceable integral tool bit along the circumference.
In the deep hole machining method for the diesel engine frame, the inclination angle α of the cutting edge is equal to the chamfer angle of the hole to be machined.
The invention has simple processing technology and convenient operation. The tool bit of the pilot drill adopts the combination drilling of the center drill and the two hexagonal blades with different positions, the center drill is used for cutting firstly during drilling, then the hexagonal blade on the right lower side of the center drill is used for cutting, finally the hexagonal blade on the edge of the upper side of the tool bit body is used for cutting, deep hole machining can be formed by feeding once, and the machining efficiency is greatly improved. The hexagonal cutter blade adopts a proper main deflection angle and an axial positive rake angle to ensure that cutting is sharper and smoother, the chip breaker groove is arranged at the periphery of the hexagonal cutter blade and can break cutting chips, the chip breaker performance is good, the cut chips can be smoothly discharged through the axial long arc-surface chip breakers grooves at two sides of the cutter bar body along the chip breakers at two sides of the center drill, in addition, inner cooling holes are respectively arranged at two sides of the cutter head body and can ensure that the cutter head works under the condition of sufficient cooling and lubrication, guide support plates which are arranged in a staggered mode are arranged on the cutter bar and the cutter head body, the center of the cutter head is aligned during drilling and deviation is avoided, the measures further improve the processing efficiency and simultaneously greatly improve the deep hole processing quality and ensure the form and position tolerance of deep holes, such as coaxiality. According to the invention, the ultra-long chamfering tool is adopted for cutting during chamfering of the deep hole, and a plurality of cutting edges with the inclination angle equal to the chamfering angle of the hole to be machined are uniformly distributed on the tool bit of the chamfering tool along the circumference, so that chamfering can be finished by one-time feeding, and the chamfering taper is uniform. The invention has the advantages of small cutter abrasion and low cutter replacement frequency, and is suitable for mass production.
Advantages and features of the present invention will be illustrated and explained by the following non-restrictive description of preferred embodiments thereof, given by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a diesel engine frame;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the process configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the pilot drill configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the direction A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a polygonal blade according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the chamfer cutter of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention comprises the steps of:
1) polishing the blank cavity 13 in the middle of the deep hole 11 by a bench worker to ensure that the top surface and the bottom surface of the blank cavity 13 are smooth;
2) horizontally placing the top surface of the frame 1 on a numerical control horizontal boring and milling machine 2 towards a machine tool spindle, and ensuring that the axis of a deep hole 11 to be processed is coaxial with the axis of the machine tool spindle, as shown in a first station diagram in fig. 2;
3) drilling a deep hole by using a phi 55 cutter head centering drill 3, directly drilling the deep hole until the depth is H1 which is 200mm, withdrawing the drill, discharging chips from a workpiece, then quickly feeding the phi 55 centering drill 3 to a position with the depth H2 which is 195mm, continuously drilling the hole, drilling the hole to a blank cavity 13, quickly feeding the phi 55 centering drill 3 to a position 20mm above the bottom surface of the blank cavity 13, continuously drilling the hole to the depth of 30mm, and finishing the deep hole machining of the top surface section of the frame 1;
4) replacing the cutter head of the centering drill 3 with a phi 51 cutter head, reaming the bottom hole of the hole 12 to phi 51 by a phi 52H8 drilled in the middle of the deep hole 11, and enabling the depth of the bottom hole to be according to the design requirement;
5) replacing the reamer with the replaceable head, and roughly and finely reaming the bottom hole twice to finish machining the phi 52H8 reamed hole 12;
6) turning the frame 1 around, enabling the half surface of the frame 1 to face a main shaft, drilling a deep hole 11 by using a phi 55 cutter head centering drill 3 according to the method in the step 3) until the deep hole is communicated with an oil hole 14 on the side surface of the frame 1, and finishing the deep hole machining of the half surface section of the frame 1, as shown in a second station diagram in fig. 2;
7) the frame 1 is vertically placed on the numerical control vertical drilling machine 4, and a 20-degree chamfer between the phi 55 deep hole 11 and the phi 52H8 reamed hole 12 of the frame is machined by using a chamfering tool 5, as shown in a third station diagram in FIG. 2.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the pilot drill 3 is an internal cooling pilot drill, and includes a tool holder 31, a tool bar 32 and a replaceable tool bit 33, two ends of the tool holder 31 are respectively fixedly connected with the left end of the machine tool spindle and the left end of the tool bar 32, the replaceable tool bit 33 is fixed on the right end of the tool bar 32 through a fastener, and two sides of the tool bar 32 are respectively provided with a through axial long arc-surface chip-discharging groove 34. The replaceable cutter head 33 comprises a cutter head body 331, a center drill 332 and two hexagonal blades 333, the cutter head body 331 is fixed on the cutter bar 32 through a fastener, inner cold holes 334 are respectively arranged on two sides of the cutter head body 331, the center drill 332 is made of integral hard alloy, the center drill 332 is fixed in the center of the cutter head body 331, the extending length of the center drill is 5mm, the drill tip cone angle of the center drill 332 is 118 degrees, chip grooves 335 are respectively arranged on two sides of the center drill 332, and the chip grooves 335 are respectively communicated with axial long arc-surface chip grooves 34 on two sides of the shaft body of the cutter bar 32. One hexagonal insert 333 is fixed on the edge of the upper side of the cutter head body 331 through a screw, the other hexagonal insert 333 is fixed in the middle of the cutter head body 331 through a screw and is positioned at the lower right side of the center drill 332, when drilling is carried out, the center drill 332 firstly cuts, then the hexagonal insert 333 at the lower right side of the center drill 332 cuts, and finally the hexagonal insert 333 at the edge of the upper side of the cutter head body 331 cuts.
As shown in fig. 5, the hexagonal insert 333 is subjected to high temperature resistant, multiple wear resistant and impact resistant coating treatment, the main deflection angle Kr of the hexagonal insert 333 is 28 °, the axial positive deflection angle yp is 5 °, so that the cutting is sharper and smoother, and the periphery of the hexagonal insert 333 is further provided with a sharp chip breaker 336. In addition, the right end of the cutter bar 32 and the cutter head body 331 are respectively and symmetrically provided with four guide support plates 35, and the two guide support plates 35 on the cutter bar 32 and the two guide support plates 35 on the cutter head body 331 are arranged in a staggered manner and used for supporting and guiding the cutter head during drilling so as to prevent deviation of drilling.
As shown in fig. 6, the chamfer cutter 5 is an ultra-long chamfer cutter, and includes a handle 51, a middle connecting rod 52 and a replaceable integral cutter bit 53, the handle 51 is fixed on the machine tool spindle, two ends of the middle connecting rod 52 are respectively screwed and fixedly connected with the left end of the handle 51 and the right end of the replaceable integral cutter bit 53, four obliquely arranged cutting edges 54 are uniformly distributed at the left end of the replaceable integral cutter bit 53 along the circumference, the inclination angle α of the cutting edge 54 is equal to the chamfer angle of the hole to be processed, in this embodiment, α is equal to 20 degrees, and after the hard alloy insert is welded on the replaceable integral cutter bit 53, the cutting edge is polished to form.
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments, and any technical solutions formed by equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A deep hole machining method for a diesel engine frame is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) polishing the blank cavity in the middle of the deep hole by a bench worker to ensure that the top surface and the bottom surface of the blank cavity are smooth;
2) horizontally placing the top surface of the frame on a numerical control horizontal boring and milling machine towards a machine tool spindle, and ensuring that the axis of the deep hole to be processed is coaxial with the axis of the machine tool spindle;
3) utilizing a centering drill to drill a deep hole, directly drilling the deep hole to a depth H1 and then retracting the drill, discharging chips from a workpiece, then quickly feeding the centering drill to a depth H2 for continuously drilling, wherein H2 is smaller than H1, drilling the hole to a blank cavity, quickly feeding the centering drill to the upper side of the bottom surface of the blank cavity, and continuously drilling the deep hole to finish the deep hole processing of the top surface section of the rack;
4) replacing the tool bit of the centering drill, and drilling a reamed hole bottom hole in the middle of the deep hole, wherein the depth of the bottom hole is designed;
5) replacing the reamer with the replaceable head, and roughly and finely reaming the bottom hole twice to complete the machining of the reamed hole;
6) turning the frame around to enable the half surface of the frame to face the main shaft, and drilling a deep hole by using a centering drill according to the method in the step 3) until the deep hole is communicated with the oil hole on the side surface of the frame to complete the deep hole machining of the half surface section of the frame;
7) and vertically placing the rack on a numerical control vertical drilling machine, and processing a chamfer between the deep hole and the reamed hole of the rack by using a chamfer cutter.
2. The deep hole machining method for the diesel engine frame according to claim 1, characterized in that: the centering drill comprises a tool shank, a tool bar and a replaceable tool bit, wherein two ends of the tool shank are fixedly connected with the main shaft of the machine tool and one end of the tool bar respectively, and the replaceable tool bit is fixed at the other end of the tool bar; the two sides of the cutter bar body are respectively provided with a through axial long cambered surface chip removal groove, the replaceable cutter head comprises a cutter head body, a center drill and two polygonal blades, the cutter head body is fixed on the cutter bar, the two sides of the cutter head body are respectively provided with an inner cooling hole, the center drill is fixed at the center of the cutter head body, the two sides of the center drill are respectively provided with a chip removal groove, the chip removal grooves are respectively communicated with the axial long cambered surface chip removal grooves on the two sides of the cutter bar body, one polygonal blade is fixed on the edge of one side of the cutter head body, and the other polygonal blade is fixed in.
3. The deep hole machining method for the diesel engine frame according to claim 2, characterized in that: the other end of the cutter bar and the cutter head body are respectively symmetrically provided with a guide support plate, and the guide support plates on the cutter bar and the guide support plates on the cutter head body are arranged in a staggered mode.
4. The deep hole machining method for the diesel engine frame according to claim 2, characterized in that: the polygonal blade is subjected to high-temperature-resistant, wear-resistant and impact-resistant coating treatment, the main deflection angle Kr of the polygonal blade is 28 degrees, the axial positive rake angle yp of the polygonal blade is 5 degrees, and chip breakers are arranged on the periphery of the polygonal blade.
5. The deep hole machining method for the diesel engine frame according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chamfer cutter comprises a handle part, a middle connecting rod and a replaceable integral cutter head, wherein the handle part is fixed on a machine tool main shaft, two ends of the middle connecting rod are fixedly connected with one end of the handle part and one end of the replaceable integral cutter head respectively, and a plurality of obliquely arranged cutting edges are uniformly distributed at the other end of the replaceable integral cutter head along the circumference.
6. The deep hole machining method for the diesel engine frame according to claim 5, wherein the inclined angle α of the cutting edge is equal to the chamfer angle of the hole to be machined.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811212910.0A CN109079447B (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2018-10-18 | Deep hole machining method for diesel engine frame |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811212910.0A CN109079447B (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2018-10-18 | Deep hole machining method for diesel engine frame |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109079447A CN109079447A (en) | 2018-12-25 |
| CN109079447B true CN109079447B (en) | 2020-05-01 |
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Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1808500A1 (en) * | 1991-04-05 | 1993-04-15 | Sp K B Almazno Rastochnykh I R | Method for machining holes |
| JP2005144565A (en) * | 2003-11-11 | 2005-06-09 | Makino J Kk | Deep hole processing method and device |
| CN102744561B (en) * | 2012-07-21 | 2014-09-17 | 西安煤矿机械有限公司 | Deep hole machining process |
| CN103252521B (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2015-09-16 | 中国一拖集团有限公司 | A kind of cutter and processing method thereof of processing isometrical Large space coaxial aperture system |
| CN104625614A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-05-20 | 陈建秋 | Method for machining stainless steel deep-hole thin-wall part |
| CN105921943B (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2018-07-13 | 长治清华机械厂 | A kind of thin-walled ring axial step deep hole system processing method |
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Address after: 212211 No. 402, Changjiang Road, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: China Shipbuilding Power Zhenjiang Co.,Ltd. Address before: 402 Changjiang Road, Runzhou District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: CSSC MARINE POWER Co.,Ltd. |
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