CN1106579A - 调制的反向散射微带接板天线 - Google Patents

调制的反向散射微带接板天线 Download PDF

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CN1106579A
CN1106579A CN94116727A CN94116727A CN1106579A CN 1106579 A CN1106579 A CN 1106579A CN 94116727 A CN94116727 A CN 94116727A CN 94116727 A CN94116727 A CN 94116727A CN 1106579 A CN1106579 A CN 1106579A
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antenna
signal
microstrip patch
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R·L·韦格特
C·L·卡伦德
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Amtech Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10316—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers
    • G06K7/10346—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers the antenna being of the far field type, e.g. HF types or dipoles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/75—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors
    • G01S13/751—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors wherein the responder or reflector radiates a coded signal
    • G01S13/756—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors wherein the responder or reflector radiates a coded signal using a signal generator for modifying the reflectivity of the reflector
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G06K19/07773—Antenna details
    • G06K19/07786—Antenna details the antenna being of the HF type, such as a dipole
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10316—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
    • H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q21/293—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic one unit or more being an array of identical aerial elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0442—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular tuning means

Abstract

本发明提供一种微带接板天线，供根据所收到的 信号发射经反向散射调制的信号。该天线分成两段， 用一个开关连接在一起。开关接通时，天线成了全波 长天线，两天线段彼此不同相，从而产生的反向散射 极小。开关断开时，两天线段彼此一致作用，产生经 反向散射调制的信号。将多对这种天线连接在一起 可以制成信号功率提高了的单个天线。

Description

本发明涉及发射机应答器中的一种天线系统，用以调制来自读出装置的射频信号，并将经调制的信号反射回该读出装置，将来自发射机应答器的信息传送到读出装置，且用以接收来自读出装置的射频信号，并对准备写入发射机应答器的存储器中的数据进行译码。
目标远距离识别系统有许多用途，例如，识别驶过公路收费站的车辆或识别安置在船上的载货集装箱等。这类系统用射频信号在读出装置与附在目标上的发射机应答器之间互通信息。有些系统兼备“读”与“写”的功能，就是说，读出装置能读取原先存储在发射机应答器存储器中的信息，且发射机应答器也能根据来自读出装置的信号将新的信息写入其存储器中。
各发射机应答器的专用码包含与有关集装箱有关且用以识别该有关集装箱的信息。读出装置给远地的发射机应答器发送射频信号。发射机应答器中的天线接收来自读出装置的信号，用临时或永久存储在发射机应答器的数据（例如表示发射机应答器所附的目标的身份和内容的数据）反向散射调制所收到的信号，从而根据发射机应答器的识别码产生一系列信号，并将此经调制的信号反射回读出装置，将包含在发射机应答器中的信息传送给读出装置。读出装置解译这些信号的代码，以得出来自发射机应答器的信息。同理，发射机应答器也可以解译来自读出装置的信号代码，并将信息写入发射机应答器的存储器中。本说明书只说明本发明的新特点，至于这些发射机应答器和读出装置的细节，由于下列其中一个或多个美国专利4，739，328、4，782，345、4，786，907、4，816，839、4，835，377和4，853，705中已介绍过，故不再赘述，这里也把这些美国专利的内容也引作参考。
目前使用的系统存在某些困难。一个困难源于识别信号从发射机应答器至读出装置传输的有限范围。另一个有关的困难则是射频干扰引起的。发射机应答器天线产生的干扰会妨碍读出装置正确检测识别目标专用的一系列信号中二进制1和0的模式。此外，发射机应答器的逻辑线路产生的干扰还会阻碍对待写入发射机应答器存储器中的数据的准确译码。
多年来人们都力图解决这些问题，起码减轻这些问题的严重程度。尽管做了种种努力，这类问题仍然存在。读出装置与发射机应答器之间的通信范围仍然不断受到噪声影响的限制。这必然限制了目标识别系统的应用范围。
本发明的发射机应答器天线系统提供的信号功率电平比现有技术的发射机应答器高。因此，发射机应答器的有效范围比现有技术的发射机应答器宽。此外，与现有技术的发射机应答器相比，本发明的发射机应答器天线系统减小了不希望有的能干扰读出装置的检测和识别过程的反向散射，提高了发射机应答器检测待写入发射机应答器的存储器中的数据的能力。
简单地说，本发明提供一种用以根据所收到的信号发射经反向散射调制的信号的微带接板天线。该天线分成两段，由一个开关将该两段连接在一起。开关接通时，天线成了全波长天线，天线的和两段彼此不同相，因此产生的反向散射极小。开关断开时，天线的两段彼此一致地起作用，产生经反向散射调制的信号。多对这种天线可以连接在一起形成信号功率提高了的单个天线。
图1是本发明最佳实施例的示意图。
图2是本发明另一个实施例的示意图。
图3是本发明又另一个实施例的示意图。
参看图1。接板1和2是微带接板天线，最好是基本上相同（但不一定非如此不可）。本最佳实施例采用线性极化的接板，但也可采用圆极化的接板。接板1和2经开关3连接起来，在本优选施例中开关3是本技术领域中周知的GaAs场效应晶体管（FET）开关。也可以采用其它开关，例如金属氧化物半导体（MOS）或双极晶体管开关或压控二极管。开关3由通过线路6收到的调制信号控制。该调制信号由发射机应答器中的集成电路（图中未示出）提供，该发射机应答器还用以存储数据和产生信号。
如图1中所示，接板1和2的对置边与开关3相连接，即，开关3的右边接板1，开关3的左边接板2。因此开关3接通时，各接板就馈有相位上与加到另一接板的信号相差180度的信号。这样，接板1和2连接在一起形成两半彼此相位不同的全波长天线。在此最佳实施例中，接板1和2各个都是1/2波长天线，但也可以采用其它分数波长的天线，例如1/4波长天线。
由于接板1和2彼此不同相，因而发射量为“零”，从而使反射回读出装置的信号不强。所以，当开关3接通时，产生的反向散射极小。这比起现有技术的那种通过将信号转成阻性负载使发射量变零的天线是大大地进步了，因为现有技术的这种天线产生从天线的侧边发散出来的不希望有的杂散异相反向散射。
开关3断开时，接板1和2不相连接，因而各自单独作用，通过形成双元件组合天线阵列产生反向散射，将所发射的信号以反向散射调制的形式反射回去。
如图1所示的那样通过中间的放置开关3将信号馈到两个接板1和2中，比起现有技术那种只有一个从其中心馈入信号的接板的天线，在板或芯片的占地面积方面都小。在现有技术的双极天线的情况下，为了匹配天线阻抗并提供充分的反向散射，射频接地平面必须与发射元件的平面充分间隔出来。由于这个间隔，有时就需要将天线制成1英寸厚。本发明的微带接板天线由于各接板是从各边发射信号而不是象双极天线的情况那样沿印刷电路元件的整个长度发射，因而不需要那种间隔。因此，采用微带接板天线可以将发射机应答器设计得薄得多。厚度从现有技术天线通用的1/4至1/2波长减小到小分数波长，例如大约1/20波长。
如图1中所示，检波装置4和5分别与接板1和2在其与开关3连接的一边相对的一边相连接。在最佳实施例中，检波装置4和5是零偏置肖特基二极管。也可采用其它二极管，例如平面掺杂势垒二极管。检波装置4和5用来接收待写入发射机应答器的数据和控制发射机应答工作过程的信号，例如最终使开关3接通和断开的信号。检波装置4和5由于直接附在接板1和2上远离开关3的位置，所以与发射机应答器的调制信号隔开，从而减少干扰，同时提高信号检测能力。因此，本发明即使在发射机应答器天线接通过时也容许数据写入发射机应答器的存储器中。这比起现有技术的那些需要断开才能将数据写入发射机应答器的存储器中或采用不同频率、不同极化方式或不同天线才能使发射机应答器执行读和写功能的天线是有很大进步的。
此外，将检波装置4和5安置在接板1和2外还可以减少容纳发射机应答器电路需要的板或芯片的空间，从而便于将发射机应答器安置在小表面或小物体上。另外，采用两条检测线，每个接板一条，再加上两个接板之间的开关，比起现有技术的那种只用单根线（接到单极天线）的天线来说也是个进步。
在另一种实施例中，将多对接板连接在一起制成单个天线。这些天线对可以同时“分组”切换，每一个天线对有自己的开关。例如，图2中，接板11和12和图1中一样，用开关13连接起来。此外，接板17和18用开关19连接起来。接板17和18最好（但不一定非如此不可）基本上和接板11和12一样。开关19由控制开关13且通过线路16收到的同一个调制信号控制，从而确保两对接板同时被切换。检波装置20和21分别与接板17和18相连接，且用来按接板11和12分别使用检波装置14和15的方式接收数据。采用多对接板可以在所有的开关断开以便产生反向散射时提高天线的信号功率电平。
在图3的另一个实施例中，单个检波装置53安置在接板50与51之间并与该两接板相连接。开关52和检波装置53可以是分立元件，也可以结合成一单个的器件。图3的实施例特别适用于板或芯片的占地面积极小的场合。但由于检波装置53和开关52彼此靠近，因而其减小干扰和改进信号检波的作用达不到最佳实施例所能达到的同样程度。
本技术领域的行家们都知道，在不脱离本发明的精神实质和范围的前提下，有实践经验的专业人员是可以对上述设备和方法进行种种改变的。本发明要求保护的范围应以所附权利要求书所述范围为准。

Claims (12)

1、一种微带接板天线，供根据所收到的信号发射经反向散射调制的信号之用，其特征在于，所述天线由用一个开关连接在一起的两段组成，开关接通时，所述天线成了全波长天线，两天线段彼此不同相，从而产生的反向散射极小，开关断开时，所述天线的两段一致作用，从而产生经反向散射调制的信号。
2、如权利要求1所述的微带接板天线，其特征在于，它还包括一个根据外部信号使所述开关接通或断开的电路。
3、如权利要求2所述的微带接板天线，其特征在于，所述外部信号是所收到信号的一部分。
4、如权利要求2所述的微带接板天线，其特征在于，其中一个所述天线段有一个用以接收所述外部信号的输入线。
5、如权利要求2所述的微带接板天线，其特征在于，所述电路装置有临时存储器，供存储所收到的数据之用，且其中一个所述天线段连接有一条输入线，供往存储器中写入数据之用。
6、如权利要求4所述的微带接板天线，其特征在于，两个天线段都连接有输入线，供往存储器中写入数据之用。
7、如权利要求5所述的微带接板天线，其特征在于，两个天线段都连接有输入线，供往存储器中写入数据之用。
8、如权利要求4所述的微带接板天线，其特征在于，所述输入线安置在天线段面开着开关的一边。
9、如权利要求6所述的微带接板天线，其特征在于，各输入线安置在相应的一个天线段面对着开关的一边。
10、如权利要求7所述的微带接板天线，其特征在于，各输入线安置在相应的一个天线段面对着开关的一边。
11、如权利要求1所述的微带接板天线，其特征在于，各天线段都是圆极化天线。
12、一种微带接板天线，供根据所收到的信号发射经反向散射调制的信号之用，其特征在于，所述天线有两段由一个开关连接在一起的天线段组成，开关接通时，所述天线变成半波长天线，其两天线段彼此不同相，从而产生的反向散射信号极小，开关断开时，所述天线的两段一致作用，从而产生经反向散射调制的信号。
CN94116727A 1993-10-04 1994-09-30 调制的反向散射微带接板天线 Pending CN1106579A (zh)

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US5825329A (en) 1998-10-20
EP0646983A3 (en) 1996-04-10
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