CN110651909A

CN110651909A - Plant source milk powder substitute for piglets and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110651909A
Application number: CN201911120312.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 鲍男; 秦贵信; 赵元; 潘丽; 付雪亮; 朱浩然
Original assignee: Jilin Agricultural University
Current assignee: Jilin Agricultural University
Priority date: 2019-11-15
Filing date: 2019-11-15
Publication date: 2020-01-07

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock feed, and particularly relates to a plant-source milk replacer for piglets and application thereof. The invention utilizes physical, chemical and microbiological methods to effectively transform plant energy and nitrogen sources so as to prepare the piglet milk replacer mainly comprising plant components, wherein the piglet milk replacer mainly comprises energy-fortified corn, fermented corn, dried and fermented soybean meal, soybean protein concentrate, low-protein whey powder, sucrose, stone powder, lysine hydrochloride, methionine, calcium hydrophosphate, 1 percent of sodium chloride multivitamin, trace element premix and phagostimulant; also comprises probiotic fermented products. Meanwhile, the product also contains a large amount of probiotics, and the probiotics can be used for replacing antibiotics to prevent piglet diarrhea and improve piglet immunity, so that the morbidity of piglet bacterial diarrhea and allergic diarrhea is reduced, and the weight of weaning litter is increased. The plant feed is adapted to plant daily feed in advance to reduce weaning stress.

Description

Plant source milk powder substitute for piglets and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock feed, and particularly relates to a plant-source milk replacer for piglets and application thereof.

Background

In the 90 s of the 20 th century, the production mode of early weaning of piglets was developed in the United states. The annual litter size and the annual total litter size of the sows can be obviously improved due to early weaning. The early weaning shortens the lactation period of the sow, simultaneously shortens the farrowing interval of the sow, and can obviously improve the annual litter size and annual litter size of the sow. The weaning day age is shortened from 35 days to 14 days, the farrowing interval is shortened from 156 days to 135 days, the annual litter size is increased from 2.34 litters to 2.70 litters, and the average number of piglets per sow per year is 3.6 more, calculated by 10 litters, so that the economic benefit is particularly considerable.

However, because the weaning is too early, the piglets can generate strong weaning stress, the piglets are seriously diarrhea, lose weight, have low survival rate, poor feed utilization rate, slow growth, growth retardation and even form dead pigs due to various stress factors when weaning, meanwhile, the body constitution is reduced, the immunity is reduced, the resistance to diseases is weakened, other diseases are easy to be secondarily infected due to the diarrhea, and the weaning stress syndrome of the piglets seriously threatens the healthy development of the pig industry. In addition, the number of effective nipples of sows is smaller than the number of litter size in the process of piglet production, so that individual piglets can eat without milk. And because each piglet can suckle through a fixed nipple, the weight of the piglet at weaning is greatly different due to the fact that the milk yield of the sow nipple is inconsistent (the milk yield of the front nipple is large, and the milk yield of the back nipple is small). In order to solve the problems, the milk replacer is adopted mostly as a supplementary feed for the piglets except the breast milk, and after the milk replacer is applied, the uniformity of the piglets can be obviously improved, the death rate of the piglets without nipples is reduced, and the survival rate of the piglets is improved.

Compared to milk sources, proteins and energy sources of vegetable origin are not digestible. Therefore, most milk powder generations in the market are prepared from feed raw materials (such as milk powder, whey powder, casein, lactose and the like) derived from cow milk. However, the milk resources in China are in shortage, so that the milk replacer is expensive (most of the milk replacers are 2 ten thousand to 3 ten thousand yuan per ton), and most of the feeding farms do not adopt the milk replacer to feed the piglets due to the price, which is also an important reason that the survival rate of the piglets in China is lower than that in developed countries.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a plant-source milk replacer for piglets and application thereof.

The invention is realized in such a way that the plant-source milk replacer for the piglets comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45% of energy-enriched corn, 20% of fermented corn, 6% of dried fermented soybean meal, 13% of soybean protein concentrate, 6% of low-protein whey powder, 4.7% of sucrose, 1% of mountain flour, 0.6% of lysine hydrochloride, 0.2% of methionine, 1.2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1% of sodium chloride, 1% of compound vitamin, 1% of trace element premix and 0.3% of phagostimulant; also comprises probiotic fermented products.

Further, the energy-fortified corn is prepared by spraying a mixed oil obtained by mixing coconut oil, corn oil, palm oil, sodium stearate and tween 60 onto the puffed corn to obtain the energy-fortified corn.

Further, the mass percentages of the coconut oil, the corn oil, the palm oil, the sodium stearate and the tween 60 in the mixed oil and fat are respectively 19%, 50%, 30%, 0.5% and 0.5%.

Further, the dosage and mass ratio of the mixed oil to the puffed corn is 1: 9.

further, the preparation method of the fermented corn comprises the steps of crushing the corn, soaking the corn, and modulating the corn by steam at 120 ℃; when the temperature is reduced to 40-50 ℃, the strain rhizopus is inoculated, and the fermented corn is obtained after 24 hours of storage and expansion.

Further, the preparation method of the dried and fermented soybean meal comprises the steps of regulating the water content of the peeled soybean meal to be 50% at 120 ℃, inoculating the strain S-8 when the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, stirring and fermenting for 30 hours, and drying until the water content is lower than 8% to obtain the dried and fermented soybean meal.

Further, the preparation method of the probiotic fermented product comprises the steps of conditioning the rice to 40-45% of water content by using 120 ℃ steam, mixing with fresh fermented soybean meal when the temperature is reduced to 35 ℃, uniformly mixing, inoculating saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus plantarum, and hermetically packaging for 72 hours to obtain the probiotic fermented product.

Further, the preparation method of the fresh fermented soybean meal comprises the steps of regulating the peeled soybean meal to have the water content of 50% at 120 ℃, then inoculating the screened strain S-8 when the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, stirring and fermenting for 24 hours to obtain the fresh fermented soybean meal.

The plant-source milk replacer for the piglets is applied to preparing the piglet feed.

In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are:

the invention utilizes physical, chemical and microbiological methods to effectively transform plant energy sources and nitrogen sources so as to prepare the piglet milk replacer mainly comprising plant components. Meanwhile, the product also contains a large amount of probiotics, the probiotics can be used for replacing antibiotics to prevent piglet diarrhea and improve piglet immunity, the morbidity of piglet bacterial diarrhea and allergic diarrhea is reduced, the diarrhea rate after weaning is reduced by more than 10 percent and is obviously lower than that of an unused milk powder substitute group (P is less than 0.01); meanwhile, the weight of the weaning litter can be increased by more than 8 percent, which is obviously higher than that of the group without the milk powder (P is less than 0.05). Therefore, the milk powder can be used for adapting to plant daily ration in advance to reduce weaning stress.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the results of measurement of diarrhea rate;

fig. 2 shows the results of measurements of weight of weaning litter.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples, and the equipment and reagents used in the examples and test examples are commercially available without specific reference. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be limiting.

The invention discloses a plant-source milk replacer for piglets and application thereof, and concretely relates to the following embodiments.

EXAMPLE 1 preparation of milk replacer powder for piglets

Firstly, crushing the corn by a crusher, wherein the crushing granularity is required to be 95 percent of the corn to pass through a 12-mesh sieve, and 40 percent of the corn to pass through a 16-mesh sieve. Then soaking the corn for 24h, steam modulating at 120 ℃, inoculating strain rhizopus (purchased from Angel yeast GmbH) when the temperature is reduced to 40-50 ℃, wherein the inoculation amount is 1 per mill, and the weight percentage of the dry powder is. Storing for 24h (the thickness of the paving material is 1 m, holes are punched at intervals of 20cm in the middle, the diameter of each hole is 5cm, and the temperature is required to be preserved when the ambient temperature is lower than-5 ℃). The treated corn is puffed and then enters the subsequent processing step, and the component is called fermented corn.

The peeled soybean meal is prepared to have the water content of 50 percent at the temperature of 120 ℃, then when the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, a screened strain S-8 (derived from soil) is inoculated, the inoculation amount is 5 percent, the volume weight ratio is reduced, the S-8 strain is Bacillus subtilis S-8, the preservation start date is 11 months and 2 days in 2014, and the preservation number is CGMCC No. 9915; the preservation unit is China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC); the address of the preservation unit is No. 3 of Xilu No. 1 of Beijing, Chaoyang. Stirring once for 4h, keeping the temperature below 15 ℃, or heating, reducing the temperature above 30 ℃, fermenting for 30h, and drying at the temperature of less than 120 ℃ (inlet temperature of 120 ℃, outlet temperature of 80 ℃) until the water content is less than 8%, wherein the component is called dried fermented soybean meal.

The peeled soybean meal is adjusted to have the water content of 50 percent at the temperature of 120 ℃, then when the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, a screened strain S-8 (derived from soil) is inoculated, the S-8 strain is Bacillus subtilis S-8, the preservation start date is 11 months and 2 days in 2014, and the preservation number is CGMCC No. 9915; the preservation unit is China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC); the address of the preservation unit is No. 3 of Xilu No. 1 of Beijing, Chaoyang. Stirring once after 4h, and fermenting for 24h to obtain fresh fermented soybean meal for later use.

The method comprises the steps of conditioning rice into 40-45% of water content by using 120 ℃ steam, mixing the rice into fresh fermented soybean meal according to a proportion of 10% when the temperature is reduced to 35 ℃, uniformly mixing, inoculating saccharomyces cerevisiae (purchased from Angel yeast GmbH or other companies), lactobacillus plantarum (purchased from Qingdao Nookoukang practical Co., Ltd.), 2% of yeast inoculation amount and 2% of lactobacillus plantarum, packaging the mixture in a sealed bag with a one-way scheduling device, and fermenting for 72 hours for use, wherein the product is called a probiotic fermented product and can be stored for more than one year.

Coconut oil 19%, corn oil 50%, palm oil 30% were mixed with sodium stearate 0.5% and tween 60 0.5%, this ingredient is called a mixed fat.

Spraying the mixed oil on the puffed corn by a sprayer in a mixer, spraying 10% of oil on 90% of the puffed corn, and crushing the puffed corn to 80 meshes. Obtaining the energy-enriched corn.

45% of energy-fortified corn, 20% of fermented corn, 6% of dried fermented soybean meal, 13% of soybean protein concentrate, 6% of low-protein whey powder, 4.7% of sucrose, 1% of stone powder, 0.6% of lysine hydrochloride, 0.2% of methionine, 1.2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1% of sodium chloride, 1% of compound vitamin, 1% of trace element premix and 0.3% of phagostimulant, and the rest of the materials except the materials of the disclosed preparation method are common feed raw materials and can be purchased in the market. The materials are put into a mixer to be uniformly mixed and then packaged for standby application, and the packaging bag adopts a packaging bag with a moisture-proof function, and the product is called dry material.

When feeding, the dry materials are mixed into paste with the water content of 80% by adopting clean warm water, and then probiotic fermented products are added according to the proportion of 3% for feeding. The residual materials are cleaned in time when the product is ready for use.

Example 2 application of milk powder substitute for piglet

12 long-white x large-white binary crossbred multiparous sows with good health conditions and consistent genetic difference are selected, and the number born alive piglets is 10.

The test is carried out in an animal nutrition animal test base of Jilin agriculture university, the pigsty is comprehensively cleaned before entering a pre-feeding period according to daily management, and the crib and the ground are flushed by water. And meanwhile, diluted 84 disinfectant is adopted to carry out strict disinfection on the pigsty and the appliances, so that the sanitation and epidemic prevention work is well done. During the test period, the piglets feed freely, and the duckbill type drinking device drinks water freely. The feed is fed for three times every day at 8:00 morning, 12:30 noon and 5:00 evening.

The test adopts single factor test design, and the feed is a casein type daily feed, a daily feed for ordinary growing pigs and an amino acid release balance daily feed which are fed by conventional corn bean pulp fish meal. A fully randomized trial design was used, randomized into 2 treatment groups of 6 replicates each, with 1 pig per replicate. The artificial milk feeding mode is adopted, and piglets can eat the feed freely.

(1) Weight of breast-breaking fat

The total weight of piglets per sow after weaning was recorded as weight of litter during weaning.

(2) Diarrhea rate after weaning

The diarrhea rate of piglets was recorded 7 days after weaning.

Diarrhea rate is diarrhea days/7

(3) Number born of weaning live

The number of live piglets obtained per sow was recorded after weaning.

The results are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2:

the piglet milk replacer can improve the immunity of piglets, reduce the incidence rate of bacterial diarrhea and allergic diarrhea of piglets, and reduce the diarrhea rate after weaning by more than 10 percent, which is obviously lower than that of an unused milk replacer group (P is less than 0.01); meanwhile, the weight of the weaning litter can be increased by more than 8 percent, which is obviously higher than that of the group without the milk powder (P is less than 0.05). Therefore, the milk powder can be used for adapting to plant daily ration in advance to reduce weaning stress.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The plant-source piglet milk replacer is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 45% of energy-enriched corn, 20% of fermented corn, 6% of dried fermented soybean meal, 13% of soybean protein concentrate, 6% of low-protein whey powder, 4.7% of sucrose, 1% of mountain flour, 0.6% of lysine hydrochloride, 0.2% of methionine, 1.2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1% of sodium chloride, 1% of compound vitamin, 1% of trace element premix and 0.3% of phagostimulant; also comprises probiotic fermented products.

2. The milk replacer for piglets, according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method of the energy-fortified corn comprises the step of spraying mixed oil obtained by mixing coconut oil, corn oil, palm oil, sodium stearate and tween 60 onto the puffed corn to obtain the energy-fortified corn.

3. The milk replacer for piglets, according to claim 2, characterized in that: the mass percentages of the coconut oil, the corn oil, the palm oil, the sodium stearate and the Tween 60 in the mixed oil are respectively 19%, 50%, 30%, 0.5% and 0.5%.

4. The milk replacer for piglets, according to claim 3, characterized in that: the dosage and mass ratio of the mixed oil to the puffed corn is 1: 9.

5. the milk replacer for piglets, according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method of the fermented corn comprises the steps of crushing corn, soaking and modulating by steam at 120 ℃; when the temperature is reduced to 40-50 ℃, the strain rhizopus is inoculated, and the fermented corn is obtained after 24 hours of storage and expansion.

6. The milk replacer for piglets, according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method of the dried and fermented soybean meal comprises the steps of regulating the water content of the peeled soybean meal to be 50% at 120 ℃, inoculating strain S-8 when the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, stirring and fermenting for 30 hours, and drying until the water content is lower than 8% to obtain the dried and fermented soybean meal.

7. The milk replacer for piglets, according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method of the probiotic fermented product comprises the steps of conditioning rice into 40-45% of water content by using 120 ℃ steam, mixing with fresh fermented soybean meal when the temperature is reduced to 35 ℃, uniformly mixing, inoculating saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus plantarum, and hermetically packaging for 72 hours to obtain the probiotic fermented product.

8. The milk replacer for piglets, according to claim 7, characterized in that: the preparation method of the fresh fermented soybean meal comprises the steps of regulating the peeled soybean meal to have the water content of 50% at 120 ℃, then inoculating the screened strain S-8 when the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, and stirring and fermenting for 24 hours to obtain the fresh fermented soybean meal.

9. Use of a milk replacer for piglets according to any one of claims 1-8, of plant origin in the preparation of a feed for piglets.