CN110645729B - Pulse tube refrigerator adopting multiple valves and metal round tubes as parallel inertia tubes - Google Patents
Pulse tube refrigerator adopting multiple valves and metal round tubes as parallel inertia tubes Download PDFInfo
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- CN110645729B CN110645729B CN201910941517.3A CN201910941517A CN110645729B CN 110645729 B CN110645729 B CN 110645729B CN 201910941517 A CN201910941517 A CN 201910941517A CN 110645729 B CN110645729 B CN 110645729B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pulse tube refrigerator which adopts a plurality of valves and a metal round tube as parallel inertia tubes. The traditional inertia tube adopts a single metal tube with fixed length and diameter to phase, the flexibility of the phase modulation capability is low, and the phase modulation cannot be matched under the condition that parameters such as frequency, input power and the like are changed. The invention comprises a compressor, a precooler, a heat regenerator, a cold-end heat exchanger, a pulse tube, a hot-end heat exchanger, a reducing cavity, an inertia tube group, a gradually expanding cavity and an air reservoir which are connected in sequence. The inertia pipe group comprises a plurality of parallel inertia pipes which are metal round pipes; an inertia pipe inlet valve is arranged at the position, close to the inlet, of each inertia pipe, and an inertia pipe outlet valve is arranged at the position, close to the outlet, of each inertia pipe. The inertance tube inlet valve and the inertance tube outlet valve can be fully opened or partially opened. The pulse tube refrigerator has the advantages of simple structure, convenient realization, high energy utilization rate and no special requirements on other parts of the pulse tube refrigerator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of high-frequency pulse tube low-temperature refrigerators, and relates to a pulse tube refrigerator which adopts a plurality of valves and a metal round tube as parallel inertia tubes.
Background
Future space technology demands new cryocoolers with high efficiency, low cost and long life to increase the lifetime of detector and sensor systems. However, the high reliability and long life operation of cryocoolers has been a challenge. For decades, cryogenic workers have made great efforts to do this. Existing mechanical refrigerators available, such as stirling refrigerators and GM refrigerators, have ejectors that move in the cold zone, and the resulting disadvantages of wear, vibration and contamination limit their long-term maintenance-free operation. The Stirling pulse tube refrigerator has the biggest characteristics of simple structure, no moving part at low temperature, reliable operation, small vibration and long service life. However, due to the fatal weakness of the stirling type pulse tube refrigerator: the thermodynamic efficiency is low, the minimum refrigeration temperature of the prototype can only reach 124K, and therefore the prototype is not applied since the invention. Until later, people introduce small holes and gas reservoirs at the hot end of the pulse tube, breakthrough progress is achieved, and the pulse tube refrigerator receives attention all over the world. The inertia tube as the phase modulation unit of the pulse tube refrigerator can adjust the phase between the mass flow and the pressure wave of the working medium in the heat regenerator, thereby optimizing the performance and the power-heat conversion efficiency of the pulse tube refrigerator. The conventional inertia tube generally adopts a single metal tube for phase modulation, and has the problems of insufficient phase modulation capability or incapability of providing the phase modulation angle required by a pulse tube refrigerator.
The stirling type pulse tube refrigerator generally uses an inertia tube and a gas reservoir as a phase modulation mechanism, and it is a common method to analyze the inertia tube using circuit simulation. The inertia tube phase modulation capability is very sensitive to the geometry parameters of the inertia tube. Analysis and experiments show that the inertia tube can adjust the phase in a larger range, can be used in a high-power pulse tube refrigerator, and can meet the requirement of proper phase modulation in a small pulse tube refrigerator. The gas in the inertia tube flows in an alternating mode, the gas flow resistance can be expressed as resistance characteristics through circuit comparison, the inertia of the working medium is expressed as inductive reactance, and the internal empty volume is expressed as volume resistance.
The inertial tube impedance can be expressed as:
re represents the Reynolds number of the working medium flowing in the pipe, m represents the mass flow, L represents the length of the inertia pipe, rho represents the density of the working medium gas, and D represents the inner diameter of the inertia pipe.
The inductive reactance of the inertial tube can be expressed as:
the capacitance resistance of the inertance tube is expressed as:
the volume resistance of the reservoir is expressed as:
thus, the total inertial tube impedance can be expressed as:
the phase angle between the inertance tube inlet mass flow and the pressure wave is:
from equation (6), it can be seen that the phase modulation capability of the inertance tube is closely related to the impedance, the capacitive reactance and the inductive reactance of the inertance tube. However, the traditional inertance tube uses a single metal tube with fixed length and diameter for phase modulation, and the flexibility of phase modulation capability is low, so that the traditional inertance tube cannot be matched with phase modulation under the condition of changing parameters such as frequency and input power.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a pulse tube refrigerator which adopts a plurality of valves and a metal round tube as parallel inertia tubes.
The invention comprises a compressor, a precooler, a heat regenerator, a cold-end heat exchanger, a pulse tube, a hot-end heat exchanger, a reducing cavity, an inertia tube group, a gradually expanding cavity and an air reservoir which are connected in sequence.
The inertia pipe group comprises a plurality of parallel inertia pipes, and the inertia pipes are metal round pipes; an inertia pipe inlet valve is arranged at the position, close to the inlet, of each inertia pipe, and an inertia pipe outlet valve is arranged at the position, close to the outlet, of each inertia pipe.
Further, the distance between the installation position of the inlet valve of the inertia pipe and the inlet of the inertia pipe is 5-10% of the total length of the inertia pipe, and the distance between the installation position of the outlet valve of the inertia pipe and the outlet of the inertia pipe is 5-10% of the total length of the inertia pipe.
Furthermore, the inertia pipe inlet valves on the inertia pipes are fully opened or partially opened, so as to adjust the phase of the pulse pipe refrigerator; the outlet valve of the inertia tube is fully opened or partially opened to adjust the phase of the pulse tube refrigerator; a plurality of inertia pipes are used for parallel air intake and are adjusted through valves to play a role in phase modulation.
Furthermore, the tapered cavity and the gradually-expanding cavity are in the shape of a circular truncated cone with a small upper part and a big lower part, the upper end of the tapered cavity is connected with the inlet of each inertia pipe in the inertia pipe group, and the lower end of the tapered cavity is connected with the hot-end heat exchanger; the upper end of the gradually expanding cavity is connected with an outlet of each inertia pipe in the inertia pipe group, and the lower end of the gradually expanding cavity is connected with the gas reservoir.
The high-temperature high-pressure gas compressed by the compressor enters the heat regenerator through the precooler, is further cooled by the heat regenerator, absorbs the heat of the cold-end heat exchanger, then enters the pulse tube, the temperature of the hot end of the pulse tube rises, the gas passes through the hot-end heat exchanger, exchanges heat again, then passes through the gradually-reducing cavity, and then enters the inertia tube group, the gas simultaneously flows through the plurality of inertia tubes, the gas flow is adjusted through the inertia tube inlet valve and the inertia tube outlet valve, then passes through the gradually-expanding cavity, and finally enters the gas reservoir, so that the phase modulation effect is achieved.
The pulse tube refrigerator adopts a plurality of valves to adjust the phase of the pulse tube refrigerator, has simple structure, convenient realization and high energy utilization rate, and has no special requirements on other parts of the pulse tube refrigerator. The structure of adopting the valve to add parallelly connected inertia pipe can effectively solve the too big problem of pressure wave and mass flow phase difference, has promoted the holistic refrigeration ability of refrigerator, can increase and decrease the pipeline in a flexible way and arrange and make it possess very big expansibility. Because the front and the back of the inertia pipe adopt two valves, the inlet valve of the inertia pipe is closed, and the parallel inertia pipe can be closed; opening an inlet valve of the inertia pipe and closing an outlet valve of the inertia pipe, wherein the inertia pipe is still connected in parallel in the system, but the inertia pipe is not connected with the air reservoir, so that the capacitive reactance of the parallel inertia pipe can be blocked, and the phase angle of the system is further changed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a single inertance tube of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a simulation result diagram of two inertia pipes with different pipe diameters and lengths.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a pulse tube refrigerator using a plurality of valves and metal round tubes as parallel inertia tubes comprises a compressor 1, a precooler 2, a heat regenerator 3, a cold-end heat exchanger 4, a pulse tube 5, a hot-end heat exchanger 6, a tapered cavity 7, an inertia tube group 8, a gradually expanding cavity 9 and an air reservoir 10 which are connected in sequence. The inertia tube group 8 comprises a plurality of parallel inertia tubes which are metal round tubes. An inertia pipe inlet valve 11 is arranged at the position, close to the inlet, of each inertia pipe, and an inertia pipe outlet valve 12 is arranged at the position, close to the outlet, of each inertia pipe.
The high-temperature and high-pressure gas compressed by the compressor 1 enters the heat regenerator 3 through the precooler 2, is further cooled by the heat regenerator 3, absorbs the heat of the cold-end heat exchanger 4, then enters the pulse tube 5, the temperature of the hot end of the pulse tube rises, the gas passes through the hot-end heat exchanger 6, exchanges heat again, then passes through the tapered cavity 7, then enters the inertia tube group 8, flows through a plurality of inertia tubes simultaneously, adjusts the gas flow through the inertia tube inlet valve 11 and the inertia tube outlet valve 12, then passes through the tapered cavity 9, and finally enters the gas reservoir 10 to play a role of phase modulation.
As shown in fig. 2, each of the inertance tubes constituting the inertance tube stack 8 is provided with an inertance tube inlet valve 11 near the inlet position and an inertance tube outlet valve 12 near the outlet position. The distance between the installation position of the inertia pipe inlet valve 11 and the inertia pipe inlet is 5-10% of the total length of the inertia pipe, and the distance between the installation position of the inertia pipe outlet valve 12 and the inertia pipe outlet is 5-10% of the total length of the inertia pipe. The inertance tube inlet valve 11 on each inertance tube can be fully opened or partially opened in the figure, and is used for adjusting the phase of the pulse tube refrigerator. Similarly, the inertance tube outlet valve 12 can be fully opened or partially opened to adjust the phase of the pulse tube refrigerator. A plurality of inertia pipes are used for parallel air intake and are adjusted through valves to play a role in phase modulation.
As shown in fig. 1, the tapered cavity 7 and the diverging cavity 9 are truncated cones with small top and large bottom, so as to ensure smooth gas flow and low energy loss. The upper end of the reducing cavity 7 is connected with the inlet of each inertia pipe in the inertia pipe group 8, and the lower end is connected with the hot-end heat exchanger 6. The upper end of the gradually expanding cavity 9 is connected with the outlet of each inertia pipe in the inertia pipe group 8, and the lower end is connected with the gas reservoir 10.
As shown in fig. 3, the pulse tube refrigerator using two inertance tubes (the tube diameters are D1 and D2 respectively) and two inertance tube inlet valves 11 and two inertance tube outlet valves 12 for phase modulation has a significant change in phase modulation capability of the parallel inertance tubes when the length and diameter of the inertance tubes change and the four valves are freely opened or closed.
Claims (4)
1. A pulse tube refrigerator which adopts a plurality of valves and metal round tubes as parallel inertia tubes is characterized in that:
the system comprises a compressor (1), a precooler (2), a heat regenerator (3), a cold-end heat exchanger (4), a pulse tube (5), a hot-end heat exchanger (6), a reducing cavity (7), an inertia tube group (8), a gradually expanding cavity (9) and an air reservoir (10) which are connected in sequence;
the inertia pipe group (8) comprises a plurality of parallel inertia pipes which are metal round pipes; an inertia pipe inlet valve (11) is arranged at the position, close to the inlet, of each inertia pipe, and an inertia pipe outlet valve (12) is arranged at the position, close to the outlet, of each inertia pipe;
the distance between the installation position of the inertia pipe inlet valve (11) and the inertia pipe inlet is 5-10% of the total length of the inertia pipe, and the distance between the installation position of the inertia pipe outlet valve (12) and the inertia pipe outlet is 5-10% of the total length of the inertia pipe.
2. The pulse tube refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the pulse tube refrigerator comprises a plurality of valves and a metal round tube as parallel inertia tubes, and the pulse tube refrigerator comprises: the inertia pipe inlet valves (11) on the inertia pipes are fully opened or partially opened, so as to adjust the phase of the pulse tube refrigerator; the inertia tube outlet valve (12) is fully opened or partially opened and is used for adjusting the phase of the pulse tube refrigerator; a plurality of inertia pipes are used for parallel air intake and are adjusted through valves to play a role in phase modulation.
3. The pulse tube refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the pulse tube refrigerator comprises a plurality of valves and a metal round tube as parallel inertia tubes, and the pulse tube refrigerator comprises: the tapered cavity (7) and the tapered cavity (9) are in a round table shape with a small upper part and a big lower part, the upper end of the tapered cavity (7) is connected with the inlet of each inertia pipe in the inertia pipe group (8), and the lower end of the tapered cavity is connected with the hot end heat exchanger (6); the upper end of the gradually expanding cavity (9) is connected with the outlet of each inertia pipe in the inertia pipe group (8), and the lower end is connected with the gas reservoir (10).
4. The pulse tube refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the pulse tube refrigerator comprises a plurality of valves and a metal round tube as parallel inertia tubes, and the pulse tube refrigerator comprises: high-temperature and high-pressure gas compressed by the compressor (1) enters the heat regenerator (3) through the precooler (2), is further cooled by the heat regenerator (3) to absorb heat of the cold-end heat exchanger (4), then enters the pulse tube (5), the temperature of the hot end of the pulse tube rises, the gas exchanges heat again after passing through the hot-end heat exchanger (6), then passes through the reducing cavity (7), then enters the inertia tube group (8), the gas simultaneously flows through a plurality of inertia tubes, the gas quantity is adjusted through the inertia tube inlet valve (11) and the inertia tube outlet valve (12), then passes through the gradually expanding cavity (9), and finally enters the gas reservoir (10) to play a role in phase modulation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910941517.3A CN110645729B (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2019-09-30 | Pulse tube refrigerator adopting multiple valves and metal round tubes as parallel inertia tubes |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910941517.3A CN110645729B (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2019-09-30 | Pulse tube refrigerator adopting multiple valves and metal round tubes as parallel inertia tubes |
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| CN110645729A CN110645729A (en) | 2020-01-03 |
| CN110645729B true CN110645729B (en) | 2021-04-30 |
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| CN103968592B (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2016-03-09 | 浙江大学 | A kind of bellows that utilizes is as the vascular refrigerator of adjustable air reservoir |
| CN105222389B (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-10-13 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | A kind of vascular refrigerator |
| CN106766321B (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2019-04-09 | 浙江大学 | A kind of vascular refrigerator using novel phase modulating mechanism |
| CN106839491B (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2019-05-07 | 浙江大学 | A kind of vascular refrigerator |
| CN108662803B (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2019-12-24 | 浙江大学 | Pulse tube refrigerator adopting microchannel phase modulation device |
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