CN215373025U - Pulse tube refrigerator with low-temperature cavity structure - Google Patents
Pulse tube refrigerator with low-temperature cavity structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN215373025U CN215373025U CN202121001703.8U CN202121001703U CN215373025U CN 215373025 U CN215373025 U CN 215373025U CN 202121001703 U CN202121001703 U CN 202121001703U CN 215373025 U CN215373025 U CN 215373025U
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Abstract
The patent discloses a pulse tube refrigerator with low temperature chamber structure, including pulse tube refrigerator cold finger, annular actuating mechanism, damping phase modulation mechanism, low temperature cavity and data acquisition and control mechanism. The low-temperature cavity and the linear low-temperature inertia tube are coaxially arranged with the pulse tube cold finger, the annular piston is provided with a middle hole along the axial direction, the linear low-temperature inertia tube is connected with the pulse tube and the gas reservoir through the middle hole, the small hole valve is positioned in the linear inertia tube, and the data acquisition and control mechanism measures and acquires the phase of the annular piston and controls the vibration reduction and phase modulation piston to move. The phase difference of pressure waves and mass flow in the refrigerating machine can be accurately adjusted by changing the length and the diameter of the low-temperature linear inertia pipe or the diameter of the small hole, the refrigerating capacity and the refrigerating efficiency of the pulse tube refrigerating machine are optimized, and the single-stage pulse tube can realize high-efficiency refrigeration in a deep low-temperature region.
Description
Technical Field
This patent belongs to small-size cryogenic refrigerator field, specifically relates to a pulse tube refrigerator with low temperature chamber structure.
Background
The pulse tube refrigerator is an important branch of the deep cryogenic refrigerator field and has important academic research and application values.
The cold end of the pulse tube refrigerator has no moving part, and the relation between mass flow and pressure wave in the refrigerator needs to be adjusted through a phase modulation mechanism. According to the enthalpy flow phase modulation theory, when the phase of the mass flow in the middle of the regenerator of the pulse tube refrigerator is the same as that of the pressure wave, the efficiency of the refrigerator is the highest. The phase relation of the cold end is determined by the characteristics of the phase modulation mechanism, and the refrigerating capacity and the refrigerating efficiency of the pulse tube refrigerator are further determined. The inertia tube-air reservoir type and small hole-air reservoir type phase modulation mechanisms are widely applied to pulse tube refrigerators, the inertia tube-air reservoir type phase modulation mechanisms utilize gas oscillation inertia to perform phase modulation, but when the deep low-temperature pulse tube refrigerator uses a normal-temperature inertia tube to adjust the phase, the performance is poor, the sound power of an inlet of the inertia tube is required to be large, so that the refrigeration efficiency of the pulse tube refrigerator is reduced, and when the small hole-air reservoir type phase modulation mechanisms are singly used, the mass flow of a cold end of a heat regenerator is ahead of pressure waves, so that the loss of the heat regenerator is large, and the refrigeration efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems and needs, it is an object of the present invention to provide a pulse tube refrigerator with a low temperature chamber structure, which can efficiently cool in a deep low temperature region.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the patent is as follows:
the utility model provides a pulse tube refrigerator with low temperature chamber structure, includes pulse tube refrigerator cold finger, annular actuating mechanism, damping phase modulation mechanism, low temperature cavity and data acquisition and control mechanism, its characterized in that:
the pulse tube refrigerator cold finger comprises a cold end, a heat regenerator, a pulse tube and a hot end; the annular driving mechanism comprises an annular piston and a compression cavity, and the compression cavity is formed between the annular piston and the hot end; the vibration-damping phase modulation mechanism comprises a linear low-temperature inertia pipe, a vibration-damping phase modulation piston and a small hole valve; the low-temperature cavity comprises a back pressure cavity and an air reservoir, the cavity where the annular piston is located is the back pressure cavity, and the cavity where the vibration-damping phase-modulation piston is located is the air reservoir; the data acquisition and control mechanism comprises a displacement sensor and a control mechanism; the low-temperature cavity is connected with the hot end in the cold finger of the pulse tube refrigerator and is positioned in a low-temperature environment, the annular piston, the vibration-damping phase-modulation piston and the linear low-temperature inertia tube are coaxially arranged with the pulse tube cold finger, the annular piston is provided with a middle hole along the axial direction, the linear low-temperature inertia tube is connected with the pulse tube and the air reservoir through the middle hole, and the small-hole valve is positioned in the linear inertia tube; the data acquisition and control mechanism measures and acquires the phase of the annular piston and controls the vibration reduction and phase modulation piston to move.
The annular piston and the hot end in the pulse tube cold finger are in clearance seal to form a compression cavity. The annular driving mechanism comprises an annular piston, a compression cavity, an annular piston supporting mechanism and an annular piston driving mechanism, and the annular piston driving mechanism and the annular piston supporting mechanism are connected with the annular piston.
The low-temperature cavity and the low-temperature environment exchange heat efficiently, and the low-temperature cavity is made of copper or aluminum alloy or other high-thermal-conductivity materials.
The vibration-damping phase-modulation mechanism comprises a linear low-temperature inertia tube, a vibration-damping phase-modulation piston, an air reservoir, a vibration-damping phase-modulation piston supporting mechanism and a vibration-damping phase-modulation piston driving mechanism; the vibration-damping phase-modulation piston supporting mechanism is connected with a vibration-damping phase-modulation piston, and the vibration-damping phase-modulation piston driving mechanism controls the vibration-damping phase-modulation piston to move. The phase modulation angle of a linear low-temperature inertia tube in the vibration-damping phase modulation mechanism in a low-temperature environment is expressed as follows:
wherein p is pressure, omega is angular frequency, d is diameter of the linear low-temperature inertia tube, T is temperature, R is acoustic resistance, mu is viscosity of the working medium, subscript 0 represents parameters at room temperature, gas viscosity is reduced at low temperature, and the linear low-temperature inertia tube can obtain larger phase modulation capacity under the same length and diameter; in practical design, the diameter and the length of the inertia tube can be adjusted linearly to obtain a proper phase modulation angle
The small-hole valve is a pure resistance element, the phase relation between mass flow and pressure wave is adjusted by changing the diameter of the small hole, and when the phase modulation capability of the linear inertia tube meets the phase requirement, the small-hole valve element is not used.
The control mechanism reduces the vibration output of the pulse tube refrigerator by controlling the motion phase and the stroke of the vibration-damping phase-modulation piston, and the linear motion of the vibration-damping phase-modulation piston simultaneously adjusts the phases of mass flow and pressure wave in the pulse tube refrigerator.
Compared with the prior art, the advantage of this patent lies in:
the heat end of the pulse tube and the linear inertia tube with the small hole valve are arranged in a low-temperature environment, and the single-stage pulse tube can realize high-efficiency refrigeration in a deep low-temperature region; the phase difference of pressure waves and mass flow in the refrigerator can be accurately adjusted by adjusting the length and the diameter of the low-temperature linear inertia pipe and the diameter of the small hole, so that the refrigerating capacity and the refrigerating efficiency of the pulse tube refrigerator are optimized; the high-efficiency heat exchange with a low-temperature environment is realized through the low-temperature cavity, the whole structure of the pulse tube refrigerator is simple and compact, and the cold end vibration output is small.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of example 1 of this patent; the numbers in the figures are as follows:
1 is a cold finger of a pulse tube refrigerator, 1-1 is a cold end, 1-2 is a heat regenerator, 1-3 is a pulse tube, and 1-4 is a hot end; 2 is an annular driving mechanism, 2-1 is an annular piston, 2-2 is a compression cavity, 2-3 is an annular piston supporting mechanism, and 2-4 is an annular piston driving mechanism; 3 is a vibration-damping phase-modulation mechanism, 3-1 is a linear low-temperature inertia pipe, 3-2 is a vibration-damping phase-modulation piston, 3-3 is a small-hole valve, 3-4 is a vibration-damping phase-modulation piston supporting mechanism, and 3-5 is a vibration-damping phase-modulation piston driving mechanism; 4 is a low-temperature cavity, 4-1 is a back pressure cavity, and 4-2 is a gas reservoir; 5 is a data acquisition and control mechanism, 5-1 is a displacement sensor, and 5-2 is a control mechanism.
Detailed Description
The patent is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a pulse tube refrigerator with a low temperature cavity structure, which includes a pulse tube refrigerator cold finger 1, an annular driving mechanism 2, a vibration reduction and phase modulation mechanism 3, a low temperature cavity, and a data acquisition and control mechanism 5. The pulse tube refrigerator cold finger 1 comprises a cold end 1-1, a heat regenerator 1-2, a pulse tube 1-3 and a hot end 1-4, an annular driving mechanism 2 comprises an annular piston 2-1, a compression cavity 2-2, an annular piston supporting mechanism 2-3 and an annular piston driving mechanism 2-4, a vibration reduction phase modulation mechanism 3 comprises a linear low-temperature inertia tube 3-1, a vibration reduction phase modulation piston 3-2, a small hole valve 3-3, a vibration reduction phase modulation piston supporting mechanism 3-4 and a vibration reduction phase modulation piston driving mechanism 3-5, a low-temperature cavity 4 comprises a back pressure cavity 4-1 and an air reservoir 4-2, and a data acquisition and control mechanism 5 comprises a displacement sensor 5-1 and a control mechanism 5-2.
The low-temperature cavity 4 is connected with the hot ends 1-4 in the cold finger 1 of the pulse tube refrigerator and both are positioned in a low-temperature environment, and the low-temperature cavity 4 and the hot ends 1-4 in the cold finger 1 of the pulse tube refrigerator can exchange heat with the low-temperature environment at high efficiency. The annular piston 2-1 is positioned in the back pressure cavity 4-1, the vibration-damping phase-modulation piston 3-2 is positioned in the air reservoir 4-2, and the annular piston 2-1, the vibration-damping phase-modulation piston 3-2 and the linear low-temperature inertia tube 3-1 are coaxially arranged with the pulse tube cold finger 1. The annular piston 2-1 is provided with a middle hole along the axial direction, the linear low-temperature inertia tube 3-1 is connected with the pulse tube 1-3 and the gas reservoir 4-2 through the middle hole, and the small hole valve 3-3 is positioned in the linear inertia tube 3-1 to adjust the phase difference between mass flow and pressure wave in the pulse tube refrigerator. A displacement sensor 5-1 in a data acquisition and control mechanism 5 measures and acquires the motion state of an annular piston 2-1, and the control mechanism 5-2 controls a vibration reduction and phase modulation piston 3-2 to move so as to reduce the vibration output of a cold finger 1 and adjust the phase difference in a pulse tube refrigerator.
Finally, it should be noted that: it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the embodiments and descriptions are only illustrative of the principles of the patent, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the patent, which shall fall within the scope of the claims. The scope of the patent claims is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a pulse tube refrigerator with low temperature chamber structure, includes that pulse tube refrigerator cold finger (1), annular actuating mechanism (2), damping phase modulation mechanism (3), low temperature cavity (4) and data acquisition and control mechanism (5), its characterized in that:
the pulse tube refrigerator cold finger (1) comprises a cold end (1-1), a heat regenerator (1-2), a pulse tube (1-3) and a hot end (1-4); the annular driving mechanism (2) comprises an annular piston (2-1) and a compression cavity (2-2), and the compression cavity (2-2) is formed between the annular piston (2-1) and the hot end (1-4); the vibration-damping phase modulation mechanism (3) comprises a linear low-temperature inertia pipe (3-1), a vibration-damping phase modulation piston (3-2) and a small-hole valve (3-3); the low-temperature cavity (4) comprises a back pressure cavity (4-1) and an air reservoir (4-2), the cavity where the annular piston (2-1) is located is the back pressure cavity (4-1), and the cavity where the vibration-damping phase-modulation piston (3-2) is located is the air reservoir (4-2); the data acquisition and control mechanism (5) comprises a displacement sensor (5-1) and a control mechanism (5-2);
the low-temperature cavity (4) is connected with a hot end (1-4) in a cold finger (1) of the pulse tube refrigerator and is positioned in a low-temperature environment, the annular piston (2-1), the vibration-damping phase-modulation piston (3-2) and the linear low-temperature inertia tube (3-1) are coaxially arranged with the cold finger (1) of the pulse tube refrigerator, the annular piston (2-1) is provided with a middle hole along the axial direction, the linear low-temperature inertia tube (3-1) is connected with the pulse tube (1-3) and the gas reservoir (4-2) through the middle hole, and the small hole valve (3-3) is positioned in the linear inertia tube (3-1); the data acquisition and control mechanism (5) measures and acquires the phase of the annular piston (2-1) and controls the vibration reduction and phase modulation piston (3-2) to move.
2. The pulse tube refrigerator with a low temperature cavity structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the annular piston (2-1) and the hot end (1-4) in the pulse tube cold finger (1) are in clearance seal to form a compression cavity (2-2).
3. The pulse tube refrigerator with a low temperature cavity structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the annular driving mechanism (2) comprises an annular piston (2-1), a compression cavity (2-2), an annular piston supporting mechanism (2-3) and an annular piston driving mechanism (2-4), and the annular piston supporting mechanism (2-3) and the annular piston driving mechanism (2-4) are connected with the annular piston (2-1).
4. The pulse tube refrigerator with a low temperature cavity structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the low-temperature cavity (4) exchanges heat with the low-temperature environment at high efficiency and is made of copper or aluminum alloy.
5. The pulse tube refrigerator with a low temperature cavity structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the damping and phase modulation mechanism (3) comprises a linear low-temperature inertia pipe (3-1), a damping and phase modulation piston (3-2), a small hole valve (3-3), a damping and phase modulation piston supporting mechanism (3-4) and a damping and phase modulation piston driving mechanism (3-5); the vibration-damping phase-modulation piston supporting mechanism (3-4) is connected with the vibration-damping phase-modulation piston (3-2), and the vibration-damping phase-modulation piston driving mechanism (3-5) controls the vibration-damping phase-modulation piston (3-2) to move.
6. The pulse tube refrigerator with a low temperature cavity structure as claimed in claim 1 or 5, wherein: the phase modulation angle of a linear low-temperature inertia tube (3-1) in the vibration-damping phase modulation mechanism (3) in a low-temperature environment is represented as follows:
wherein p is pressure, omega is angular frequency, d is diameter of the linear low-temperature inertia tube (3-1), T is temperature, R is acoustic resistance, mu is viscosity of working medium, subscript 0 represents parameters at room temperature, gas viscosity is reduced at low temperature, and the linear low-temperature inertia tube (3-1) with the same length and diameter can obtain larger phase modulation capability; in practical design, the diameter and the length of the inertia pipe (3-1) are adjusted linearly to obtain a proper phase modulation angle
7. The pulse tube refrigerator with a low temperature cavity structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the small hole valve (3-3) is a pure resistance element, the phase relation between mass flow and pressure wave is adjusted by changing the diameter of the small hole, and when the phase modulation capability of the linear inertia tube (3-1) meets the phase requirement, the small hole valve (3-3) element is not used.
8. The pulse tube refrigerator with a low temperature cavity structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the control mechanism (5-2) reduces the vibration output of the pulse tube refrigerator by controlling the motion phase and the stroke of the vibration-damping phase-modulating piston (3-2), and the linear motion of the vibration-damping phase-modulating piston (3-2) simultaneously adjusts the phase of mass flow and pressure wave in the pulse tube refrigerator.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202121001703.8U CN215373025U (en) | 2021-05-12 | 2021-05-12 | Pulse tube refrigerator with low-temperature cavity structure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202121001703.8U CN215373025U (en) | 2021-05-12 | 2021-05-12 | Pulse tube refrigerator with low-temperature cavity structure |
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| CN215373025U true CN215373025U (en) | 2021-12-31 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113074470A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-07-06 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Pulse tube refrigerator with low-temperature cavity structure |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113074470A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-07-06 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Pulse tube refrigerator with low-temperature cavity structure |
| CN113074470B (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2024-03-26 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Pulse tube refrigerator with low-temperature cavity structure |
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