CN106766321B - A kind of vascular refrigerator using novel phase modulating mechanism - Google Patents
A kind of vascular refrigerator using novel phase modulating mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN106766321B CN106766321B CN201611057766.9A CN201611057766A CN106766321B CN 106766321 B CN106766321 B CN 106766321B CN 201611057766 A CN201611057766 A CN 201611057766A CN 106766321 B CN106766321 B CN 106766321B
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- vascular
- heat exchanger
- vascular refrigerator
- tube
- phase modulation
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- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-BJUDXGSMSA-N helium-3 atom Chemical compound [3He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-BJUDXGSMSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 62
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1411—Pulse-tube cycles characterised by control details, e.g. tuning, phase shifting or general control
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of vascular refrigerators using liquid phase modulation apparatus, including compressor, grade aftercooler, regenerator, cool end heat exchanger, vascular, hot end heat exchanger, phase modulating mechanism and air reservoir, phase modulating mechanism includes a single u-shaped pipe and the liquid for being present in U-tube bottom；U-tube one end connects hot end heat exchanger, and the other end is connected to air reservoir.Phase modulation, the enhancing of phase modulation ability are carried out to vascular refrigerator by the liquid of U-tube bottom.The pipe range of liquid phase modulation apparatus with identical phase modulation ability substantially shortens than traditional inertia tube pipe range, and the inertia tube increase that phase modulation Amplitude Ratio is traditional, for vascular refrigerator, the phase angle between pressure wave and quality stream can be made closer to 90 ° using liquid phase modulation apparatus, regulating power increases, and can more effectively improve the efficiency of vascular refrigerator.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to low-temperature refrigeration technology field more particularly to a kind of vascular refrigerators using liquid phase modulation apparatus.
Background technique
Vascular refrigerator is since the 1960s comes out, since its structure is simple, movement-less part, machinery under low temperature
It is with small vibration, reliable for operation, the service life is long, to receive significant attention, become the research hotspot in refrigeration machine field.But it is relative to this
For special woods refrigeration machine and G-M refrigeration machine, since the phase matched of its cold end quality stream and pressure wave is undesirable, so that refrigeration
Inefficiency.
The rapid development of the technologies such as aerospace, space exploration, infrared, atomic energy, superconduction, pushes low-temperature refrigeration technology
It continues to develop and progressive.Important branch of the vascular refrigerator as cryogenic technique, because of its cold end movement-less part, structure is simple,
Cold head is with small vibration, high reliablity, has significant superiority in field of low-temperature refrigeration.The not no movement portion of pulse tube refrigerating machine cold end
Part obtains the phase relation between required quality stream and pressure wave by phase modulating mechanism.Inertia tube utilizes shake in elongated tubular
The effect of inertia of fluid is swung to adjust phase difference, has the advantages that the wide and little increase compressor wasted work of phase adjustment range, no
The direct current phenomenon in similar bidirection air intake can be generated, is a kind of pm mode that high-frequency vascular refrigerator is widely used at present,
Structure can also be replaced by the impedance types phase adjusting device such as slit.
For adjusting the phase modulation apparatus of quality stream and pressure wave phase, vascular refrigerator performance is played a key role.
To improve vascular refrigerator performance, Mikulin proposes aperture-air reservoir phase modulation apparatus, and improves via Radebaugh；Zhu Shaowei
It is proposed bidirection air intake phase modulating mechanism；Kanao uses inertia tube-air reservoir phase modulation structure；Separately there are some tune not being widely used
Phase structure such as dual-active plunger type, four valve-type and active air reservoir type.Several different phase modulation structures it is different degrees of improve vascular
The performance of refrigeration machine.
But above-mentioned various phase modulating mechanisms or the shortcomings that there are phase modulation scarce capacities or volume is too huge, or
It increases moving component or structure is excessively complicated, or exist simultaneously multiple in these disadvantages.It therefore, is better
The performance for improving vascular refrigerator, needs the simple phase modulating mechanism of more efficient and structure.
Traditional inertia tube phase modulating mechanism, due to being helium working medium inside it, due to it with very high compressibility, rub
Wiping coefficient is small, the inertia effect is small, is difficult to obtain higher phase modulation ability under low quality stream, is given below operating condition: pressure 2MPa, frequency
Rate 50Hz, pressure ratio 1.1, quality stream 800cm3In the case where/s, to the inertia tube of caliber 3mm, need 1.2m could be by pressure wave
Angular adjustment is 60 ° or so between quality stream, and if quality stream is reduced to 400cm3/ s, then inertia length of tube need to increase to
8m or so.As it can be seen that not only phase modulation ability is poor for conventional inertia pipe, fail to reach 90 °, and required length is too long.
Notification number is that the Chinese patent literature of CN105135736A has disclosed a kind of monoblock type pulse tube refrigerating machine phase modulation
Structure, the structure combine phase modulation with interior air reservoir using helical duct, add an interior air reservoir group by various sizes of helical duct
At helical duct and interior air reservoir are embedded in phase modulating mechanism whole interior.Helical duct connects pulse tube hot end gas outlet and interior gas
Library, and it is uniformly embedded in overall circumference, interior air reservoir is located at the whole middle part of phase modulating mechanism.The beneficial effects of the present invention are: it will adjust
Phase device as a whole, improves space utilization rate；Welding and flange-interface are reduced, whole air-tightness is increased；Helical duct
And interior air reservoir is embedded in phase modulating mechanism whole interior, reduces the disturbance of gas caused by inertia tube vibration, it is reliable to increase refrigeration machine
Property.
The invention is disadvantageous in that: although saving volume, phase modulating mechanism is excessively which raises space utilization rate
Complexity, design when for practical using require higher with process, are unfavorable for promoting.And it is substantially still inertia tube
Air reservoir phase modulating mechanism can still have phase modulation scarce capacity.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of vascular refrigerator using liquid phase modulation apparatus,
Using liquid phase modulation apparatus, the enhancing of phase modulation ability.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of vascular refrigerator using liquid phase modulation apparatus, including compressor, grade aftercooler, regenerator, cold end are changed
Hot device, vascular, hot end heat exchanger, phase modulating mechanism and air reservoir, the compressor pass through a blank pipe and the grade aftercooler
It is connected；The regenerator both ends are separately connected grade aftercooler and cool end heat exchanger；The vascular both ends are separately connected cold end
Heat exchanger and hot end heat exchanger；The phase modulating mechanism includes a U-tube and the liquid inside U-tube；Described is U-shaped
Pipe one end connects hot end heat exchanger, and the other end is connected to air reservoir.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, phase modulation is carried out to vascular refrigerator by the liquid of U-shaped tube bottom, phase modulation ability increases
By force.The pipe range of liquid phase modulation apparatus with identical phase modulation ability substantially shortens than traditional inertia tube pipe range, and phase modulation width
It spends and increases than traditional inertia tube, for vascular refrigerator, can be made between pressure wave and quality stream using liquid phase modulation apparatus
Phase angle closer to 90 °, regulating power increases, and can more effectively improve the efficiency of vascular refrigerator.
As the further improvement of scheme in view of the above technology, the further technical problems to be solved of the present invention are to provide one
Kind liquid, the phase modulation function of vascular refrigerator may be implemented in this liquid, while phase modulation effect is more preferable.
For this purpose, carrying out theory analysis to liquid phase modulation principle first, it is assumed that U in further improvement project of the invention
Type internal tube pressure wave and quality stream are all Sine distribution, and frequency f, caliber D, length L, intraductal working medium viscosity is μ,
Density is ρ, pressure P, speed u, coefficient of friction λf, quality stream isThen according to the conservation of momentum and mass conservation law
Following formula can be obtained:
Substitute into quality streamIt can obtain:
Since its value is too small relative to other values, item will be transmittedAnd pressure gradient termIgnore, then side
Journey can simplify are as follows:
WhereinIt is only related with wall friction coefficient and quality stream.
If flowing is laminar flow,It can acquireIf turbulent flow, then coefficient of friction and quality stream have
It closes, if according to BlasiusThen
The velocity of soundSimultaneously by the conservation of mass, obtainSolution can obtain:
Wherein:
Finally, the phase of pressure is selected as 0 at import x=0, then pressure magnitude is P (0, t)=Peejωt, then entrance
Quality stream are as follows:
Taking density is average value, then entrance volume flow are as follows:
According to formula as above, then it can be concluded that the tendency chart that phase angle changes with different parameters between quality stream and pressure wave.
To enable its phase angle to reach 90 °, then it is required that ε is closer to real number, and Y is closer to imaginary number, correspondingly,It then needs to choose
It is as small as possible.
Preferably, the liquid is mercury.For traditional helium,Value is about 6.25e-6m2/ s, and it is normal
The lower mercury of temperatureValue is about 7.5e-8m2/ s, about the 1/80 of helium.Therefore, to reach same phase modulation ability, using water
After silver, U-shaped tube length will be greatly reduced, and become original 1/tens.
Preferably, the liquid covering U-tube bottom is connected to U-tube or so no, and amount of liquid is no more than U-tube
The half of volume.
Preferably, the compressor is linear compressor, and pass through a blank pipe and the grade aftercooler phase
Even.
Preferably, the grade aftercooler is usually slit heat exchanger or shell-and-tube heat exchanger, pass through cooling water
Or other cooling mediums get off the high-temperature oscillation gas cooling come out from compressor；Cooled oscillating gas enters backheat
Porous media inside device, with regenerator exchanges heat.
Preferably, the porous media is frequently with stainless steel cloth, prill (such as lead shot) relative to helium
Material buildup with high specific heat capacity is constituted, and sufficiently to be exchanged heat with helium, while need to have certain porosity, to reduce
Pressure drop when gas passes through；Front half section in a cycle of oscillating gas, gas transfer heat to porous media, gas
The temperature of itself reduces, and in the second half section of a cycle, gas absorbs heat, the temperature liter of gas itself from porous media
Height, but since the heat that gas is absorbed and released in one cycle is unequal, eventually temperature is generated in regenerator axial direction
Gradient is spent, so that the cool end heat exchanger being connected with regenerator reaches lower temperature.
Preferably, the cool end heat exchanger is usually slit heat exchanger, material, which uses, has high thermal conductivity
Copper, resistance is small, and the coefficient of heat transfer is high, the cooling capacity that gas generates is conducted, so that other need the equipment of low temperature to use.
Preferably, the vascular is a blank pipe, it is connected with cool end heat exchanger, is axially equally existed along vascular very big
Temperature gradient, the heat absorbed from vascular cold end (and cool end heat exchanger connected one end) can be by vascular hot end (with hot end
The connected one end of heat exchanger) hot end heat exchanger discharge.
Preferably, hot end heat exchanger is usually slit heat exchanger or shell-and-tube heat exchanger and phase modulating mechanism and gas
Library is connected；The effect of phase modulating mechanism and air reservoir is in order to enable vascular refrigerator obtains higher efficiency, and cold end obtains more cooling capacity；
Air reservoir is integrated the relatively large empty bottle of product, and internal working medium is similarly helium.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that structure is simple, be easy to implement, to vascular refrigerator other
Component does not have particular/special requirement.Using liquid phase modulation apparatus, the enhancing of phase modulation ability.Liquid phase modulation apparatus with identical phase modulation ability
Pipe range substantially shorten than traditional inertia tube pipe range, and the traditional inertia tube of phase modulation Amplitude Ratio increases, and can be improved vascular
Refrigeration machine performance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 be this send out a kind of using liquid phase modulation apparatus vascular refrigerator system schematic.
Wherein: 1, compressor；2, grade aftercooler；3, regenerator；4, cool end heat exchanger；5, vascular；6, hot end heat exchanger；
7, mercury；8, U-tube；9, air reservoir.
Specific embodiment
The vascular refrigerator using liquid phase modulation apparatus a kind of to the present invention is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description
It is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of vascular refrigerator using liquid phase modulation apparatus, including compressor 1, grade aftercooler 2, return
Hot device 3, cool end heat exchanger 4, vascular 5, hot end heat exchanger 6, phase modulating mechanism and air reservoir 9.
Compressor 1 is linear compressor, can produce the gas of alternation oscillation, gases used is helium；Compressor 1 is logical
It crosses a blank pipe to be connected with grade aftercooler 2, grade aftercooler 2 is slit heat exchanger, will be come out from compressor 1 by cooling water
High-temperature oscillation gas cooling get off；Cooled oscillating gas enters regenerator 3, with the porous media inside regenerator 3 into
Row heat exchange, which is constituted using the accumulation of stainless steel cloth matter, sufficiently to be exchanged heat with helium.
Front half section in a cycle of oscillating gas, gas transfer heat to porous media, the temperature of gas itself
Degree reduces, and in the second half section of a cycle, gas absorbs heat from porous media, and the temperature of gas itself increases, but due to
The heat that gas is absorbed and released in one cycle is unequal, eventually generates temperature gradient in regenerator axial direction, from
And the cool end heat exchanger being connected with regenerator 34 is made to reach lower temperature.
Cool end heat exchanger 4 is slit, and material uses the copper with high thermal conductivity, and resistance is small, and the coefficient of heat transfer is high, will
The cooling capacity that gas generates conducts, so that other need the equipment of low temperature to use.Vascular 5 is one section of empty pipe, is changed with cold end
Hot device 4 is connected, and axially very big temperature gradient is equally existed along vascular 5, from vascular cold end (one to be connected with cool end heat exchanger 4
End) absorb heat can be discharged by the hot end heat exchanger 6 of vascular hot end (one end being connected with hot end heat exchanger 6)；Hot end
Heat exchanger 6 is that slit heat exchanger is connected with phase modulating mechanism and air reservoir 9；The effect of phase modulating mechanism and air reservoir 9 be in order to enable
Vascular refrigerator obtains higher efficiency, and cold end obtains more cooling capacity；Air reservoir is integrated the relatively large empty bottle of product, internal working medium
It is similarly helium.
Wherein, phase modulating mechanism includes a single u-shaped pipe 8 and the mercury 7 for being present in 8 bottom of U-tube.The length of U-tube 8 is
10cm, the amount of mercury 7 are the one third of 8 volume of U-tube.U-tube 8 is made by the phase modulating mechanism that U-tube 8 and mercury 7 form
Phase angle between interior quality stream and pressure wave has approached 90 °.
The foregoing is merely preferable implementation examples of the invention, are not intended to restrict the invention, it is all in spirit of that invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of vascular refrigerator using novel phase modulating mechanism, including the heat exchange of compressor, grade aftercooler, regenerator, cold end
Device, vascular, hot end heat exchanger, phase modulating mechanism and air reservoir, it is characterised in that:
The compressor is connected by a blank pipe with the grade aftercooler；
The regenerator both ends are separately connected grade aftercooler and cool end heat exchanger；
The vascular both ends are separately connected cool end heat exchanger and hot end heat exchanger；
The phase modulating mechanism includes a U-tube and the liquid inside U-tube；
The sub- one end of the U-tube connects hot end heat exchanger, and the other end is connected to air reservoir.
2. vascular refrigerator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the viscosity, mu of the liquid and the ratio of density pLess than helium
3. vascular refrigerator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the liquid is mercury.
4. vascular refrigerator according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the liquid connects U-tube or so no
It is logical, and amount of liquid is no more than the half of U-tube volume.
5. vascular refrigerator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the compressor is linear compressor.
6. vascular refrigerator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the grade aftercooler is slit heat exchange
Device is got off the high-temperature oscillation gas cooling come out from compressor by cooling water；Cooled oscillating gas enters regenerator,
It exchanges heat with the porous media inside regenerator.
7. vascular refrigerator according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the porous media is frequently with stainless steel cloth
Accumulation is constituted.
8. vascular refrigerator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cool end heat exchanger is slit heat exchange
Device, material use copper.
9. vascular refrigerator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the vascular is one section of blank pipe.
10. vascular refrigerator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the hot end heat exchanger is slit heat exchange
Device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611057766.9A CN106766321B (en) | 2016-11-22 | 2016-11-22 | A kind of vascular refrigerator using novel phase modulating mechanism |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611057766.9A CN106766321B (en) | 2016-11-22 | 2016-11-22 | A kind of vascular refrigerator using novel phase modulating mechanism |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN106766321A CN106766321A (en) | 2017-05-31 |
| CN106766321B true CN106766321B (en) | 2019-04-09 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110645729A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-01-03 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Pulse tube refrigerator adopting multiple valves and metal round tubes as parallel inertia tubes |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106500385B (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2018-10-30 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | The application of liquid piston work(reclaiming type pulse tube cooling system and liquid piston wherein |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004301445A (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2004-10-28 | Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd | Pulse pipe refrigerating machine |
| JP2007040647A (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2007-02-15 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Pulse type heat storage engine |
| CN101655291B (en) * | 2009-09-10 | 2012-06-06 | 浙江大学 | High-pressure-ratio thermoacoustic drive pulse tube refrigerating device adopting liquid-column sound pressure amplifier |
| CN101706169B (en) * | 2009-11-16 | 2012-07-11 | 浙江大学 | Thermoacoustically-driven thermally-coupled two-stage pulse tube cooling system |
| CN104819593B (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2017-08-11 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十六研究所 | Up to the two-stage Stirling cycle refrigerator of liquid helium region |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110645729A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-01-03 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Pulse tube refrigerator adopting multiple valves and metal round tubes as parallel inertia tubes |
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