CN110644239B - 一种抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN110644239B
CN110644239B CN201911055241.5A CN201911055241A CN110644239B CN 110644239 B CN110644239 B CN 110644239B CN 201911055241 A CN201911055241 A CN 201911055241A CN 110644239 B CN110644239 B CN 110644239B
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polylactic acid
pla
pda
zinc oxide
antibacterial
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廖岚
魏俊超
占莉琳
张凤
张显华
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Affiliated Stomatological Hospital Of Nanchang University (jiangxi Stomatological Hospital)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维及其制备方法和应用,属于生物医用材料技术领域。本发明通过层层组装的方法,将聚乳酸纳米纤维在多巴胺水溶液中浸泡,形成表面含有聚多巴胺的聚乳酸纳米纤维,然后再浸入氧化锌水分散液中浸泡,形成氧化锌包覆的聚乳酸纳米纤维;通过多次重复上述浸泡过程,可以获得不同氧化锌含量的聚乳酸纳米纳米复合材料。该方法简单、易行,得到的聚乳酸复合材料具有很好的抗菌性能及良好的生物相容性。

Description

一种抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于生物医用材料技术领域,具体涉及一种具有抗菌功能的骨组织修复材料,更具体地说,本发明涉及一种具有抗菌功能的聚乳酸纳米纤维及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
由细菌引发的感染是导致植入体内的生物材料失效的主要原因,因而赋予生物材料优异的抗菌性能对于临床应用具有十分重要的价值。
聚乳酸(polylactic acid,PLA)是一种重要的生物可降解高分子材料,具有良好的具有良好的生物相容性、可控的降解速率和优良的机械强度,在手术缝线、药物控制释放、组织工程、骨科固定材料、GBR屏障膜等生物医用领域已经得到深入研究。但是聚乳酸不具备抗菌性能,在应用中也面临着细菌感染的问题。
通过将具有抗菌功能的材料与聚乳酸复合是实现其抗菌功能的有效方法。但是常见的抗菌材料如纳米Ag存在生物毒性,抗菌肽易失去活性,抗生素易引起细菌耐药性。氧化锌是一类生物相容性良好的抗菌材料,并已经在临床中取得应用,但是如何将氧化锌负载聚乳酸纳米纤维表面,并对其负载量进行有效控制,以便充分发挥其抗菌性能尚没有报道。
基于上述理由,特提出本申请。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的问题或缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供一种具有抗菌功能的聚乳酸纳米纤维及其制备方法和应用。本发明通过将贻贝仿生与层层组装结合的方法,在聚乳酸纳米纤维表面负载氧化锌,本发明通过控制组装层数,可以获得不同抗菌性能的聚乳酸纳米纤维。
为了实现本发明的上述第一个目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维,包括聚乳酸纳米纤维基体,以及包覆在所述聚乳酸纳米纤维基体上的一层或多层黏附涂层,所述黏附涂层上吸附有氧化锌纳米颗粒。
进一步地,上述技术方案,所述氧化锌纳米颗粒在抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维中的质量百分含量为0.9%~13.2%。
进一步地,上述技术方案,所述黏附涂层优选为聚多巴胺,是由多巴胺单体通过氧化自聚形成。
进一步地,上述技术方案,所述黏附涂层层数不超过8层。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供上述所述抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维的制备方法,所述方法步骤如下:
A、常温下,将聚乳酸纳米纤维(PLA)置于碱性多巴胺水溶液中浸泡1~10min,使多巴胺自聚合,形成聚多巴胺包覆的聚乳酸纳米纤维PLA@PDA;
B、将步骤A获得的PLA@PDA表面清洗干净;
C、将步骤B清洗后的PLA@PDA置于氧化锌纳米颗粒水分散液中浸泡1~10min;
D、将步骤C浸泡后所得改性纤维表面清洗干净;
E、将步骤D清洗后的改性纤维依次重复步骤A、B、C、D,得到不同氧化锌含量的抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维PLA@PDA@ZnO,其中:重复次数为0~7次。
具体地,上述技术方案,所述常温是指四季中自然室温条件,不进行额外的冷却或加热处理,一般常温控制在10~30℃,最好是15~25℃。
进一步地,上述技术方案,所述步骤A中多巴胺水溶液中多巴胺单体的浓度为0.1~10mg/mL,优选为2mg/mL。
进一步地,上述技术方案,所述步骤A中碱性多巴胺水溶液优选为弱碱性水溶液,其pH值优选为8.0~9.0。
进一步地,上述技术方案,所述步骤B所述氧化锌纳米颗粒的水分散液中,氧化锌的浓度为0.1~10mg/mL,优选为1mg/mL。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供上述所述抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维的应用,可用于骨组织修复材料或引导骨组织再生膜中。
与现有技术相比,本发明涉及的一种具有抗菌功能的聚乳酸纳米纤维及其制备方法和应用具有如下有益效果:
(1)本发明通过在聚乳酸纳米纤维表面负载氧化锌纳米粒子,得到具有抗菌功能的复合材材料,该材料具有很好的抗菌性能及良好的生物相容性,在骨组织修复、引导骨组织再生膜等生物医用领域具有很好的应用前景。
(2)本发明制备方法简单,环境友好,采用的原料均无毒副作用,且获得的抗菌纳米纤维力学性能优异。
附图说明
图1为本发明的抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维的制备工艺流程图。
图2为本发明各实施例采用的聚乳酸纳米纤维膜原料的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图。
图3中(A)、(B)、(C)、(D)依次为实施例1~4制备的抗菌功能聚乳酸纳米纤维膜的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图。
图4中(A)、(B)、(C)、(D)、(E)依次为本发明采用的聚乳酸纳米纤维(PLA)膜原料、以及实施例1~4制备的抗菌功能聚乳酸纳米纤维膜PLA@PDA@ZnOT1、PLA@PDA@ZnO T3、PLA@PDA@ZnO T5、PLA@PDA@ZnO T7对金葡球菌的抗菌性能测试结果图。
图5为采用成骨细胞分别对聚乳酸纳米纤维(PLA)膜原料、实施例1~4制备的抗菌功能聚乳酸纳米纤维膜PLA@PDA@ZnO T1、PLA@PDA@ZnO T3、PLA@PDA@ZnO T5、PLA@PDA@ZnOT7以及对比例1制备的PLA@PDA进行生物相容性评价的结果对比图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施案例对本发明作进一步详细说明。本实施案例在以本发明技术为前提下进行实施,现给出详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程来说明本发明具有创造性,但本发明的保护范围不限于以下的实施案例。
根据本申请包含的信息,对于本领域技术人员来说可以轻而易举地对本发明的精确描述进行各种改变,而不会偏离所附权利要求的精神和范围。应该理解,本发明的范围不局限于所限定的过程、性质或组分,因为这些实施方案以及其他的描述仅仅是为了示意性说明本发明的特定方面。实际上,本领域或相关领域的技术人员明显能够对本发明实施方式作出的各种改变都涵盖在所附权利要求的范围内。
为了更好地理解本发明而不是限制本发明的范围,在本申请中所用的表示用量、百分比的所有数字、以及其他数值,在所有情况下都应理解为以词语“大约”所修饰。因此,除非特别说明,否则在说明书和所附权利要求书中所列出的数字参数都是近似值,其可能会根据试图获得的理想性质的不同而加以改变。各个数字参数至少应被看作是根据所报告的有效数字和通过常规的四舍五入方法而获得的。
本发明提供如下技术方案:一种抗菌功能聚乳酸纳米纤维,所述抗菌功能纳米纤维以聚乳酸纳米纤维为基体,然后依次经多巴胺处理、氧化锌分散液浸泡,得到抗菌功能聚乳酸纳米纤维。
本发明中,一种抗菌功能聚乳酸纳米纤维的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A、将聚乳酸纳米纤维均匀的浸入碱性多巴胺水溶液;由于多巴胺自聚合,在聚乳酸表面形成聚多巴胺层,得到聚多巴胺包覆的聚乳酸纳米纤维(PLA@PDA);
B、将步骤A中所得PLA@PDA用水冲洗,除去表面物理吸附的杂质。
C、将步骤B所得PLA@PDA浸入氧化锌(ZnO)的水分散液浸泡。
D、将步骤C中浸泡后所得纤维用水冲洗,除去表面物理吸附的杂质,即得到具有抗菌功能的聚乳酸纳米纤维(PLA@PDA@ZnO)。
E、利用步骤D所得的聚乳酸纳米纤维依次重复步骤A、B、C、D,可以获得不同氧化锌含量的聚乳酸纳米纤维。
实施例1
本实施例的一种抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维(PLA@PDA@ZnO T1)膜的制备方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
A、将聚乳酸纳米纤维膜(尺寸:1cm长×1cm宽)浸入pH值为8.5的多巴胺水溶液中,浸泡5min,得到聚多巴胺包覆的聚乳酸纳米纤维(PLA@PDA)膜;其中:所述多巴胺水溶液中多巴胺单体的浓度为2mg/mL。
B、将步骤A中获得的PLA@PDA膜用水冲洗干净,除去聚多巴胺表面物理吸附的未反应的多巴胺单体等杂质。
C、将步骤B中清洗干净的PLA@PDA膜浸入氧化锌纳米颗粒水分散液中,浸泡5min,其中:所述氧化锌水分散液中氧化锌纳米颗粒的浓度为1mg/mL。
D、将步骤C浸泡后的聚乳酸纳米纤维膜取出,用水冲洗干净,晾干,得到具有抗菌功能的聚乳酸纳米纤维(PLA@PDA@ZnO T1)膜。
经测试,本实施例获得的抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维膜含氧化锌0.9%,具有较好的抗菌性能(见附图4(B)),同时经CCK8法实验检测,具有很好的生物相容性(附图5)。
实施例2
本实施例的一种抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维(PLA@PDA@ZnO T3)膜的制备方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
A、将聚乳酸纳米纤维膜(尺寸:1cm长×1cm宽)浸入pH值为8.5的多巴胺水溶液中,浸泡5min,得到聚多巴胺包覆的聚乳酸纳米纤维(PLA@PDA)膜;其中:所述多巴胺水溶液中多巴胺单体的浓度为2mg/mL。
B、将步骤A中获得的PLA@PDA膜用水冲洗干净,除去聚多巴胺表面物理吸附的未反应的多巴胺单体等杂质。
C、将步骤B中清洗干净的PLA@PDA膜浸入氧化锌纳米颗粒水分散液中,浸泡5min,其中:所述氧化锌水分散液中氧化锌纳米颗粒的浓度为1mg/mL。
D、将步骤C浸泡后的聚乳酸纳米纤维膜取出,用水冲洗干净,晾干。
E、将步骤D所得聚乳酸纳米纤维膜依次重复步骤A、B、C、D,重复3次,得到具有抗菌功能的聚乳酸纳米纤维(PLA@PDA@ZnO T3)膜。
经测试,本实施例获得的抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维膜含氧化锌4.8%,具有较好的抗菌性能(见附图4(C)),同时经CCK8法实验检测,具有很好的生物相容性(见附图5)。
实施例3
本实施例的一种抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维(PLA@PDA@ZnO T5)膜的制备方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
A、将聚乳酸纳米纤维膜(尺寸:1cm长×1cm宽)浸入pH值为8.5的多巴胺水溶液中,浸泡5min,得到聚多巴胺包覆的聚乳酸纳米纤维(PLA@PDA)膜;其中:所述多巴胺水溶液中多巴胺单体的浓度为2mg/mL。
B、将步骤A中获得的PLA@PDA膜用水冲洗干净,除去聚多巴胺表面物理吸附的未反应的多巴胺单体等杂质。
C、将步骤B中清洗干净的PLA@PDA膜浸入氧化锌纳米颗粒水分散液中,浸泡5min,其中:所述氧化锌水分散液中氧化锌纳米颗粒的浓度为1mg/mL。
D、将步骤C浸泡后的聚乳酸纳米纤维膜取出,用水冲洗干净,晾干。
E、将步骤D所得聚乳酸纳米纤维膜依次重复步骤A、B、C、D,重复5次,得到具有抗菌功能的聚乳酸纳米纤维(PLA@PDA@ZnO T5)膜。
经测试,本实施例获得的抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维膜含氧化锌7.3%,具有较好的抗菌性能(见附图4(D)),同时经CCK8法实验检测,具有很好的生物相容性(见附图5)。
实施例4
本实施例的一种抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维(PLA@PDA@ZnO T7)膜的制备方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
A、将聚乳酸纳米纤维膜(尺寸:1cm长×1cm宽)浸入pH值为8.5的多巴胺水溶液中,浸泡5min,得到聚多巴胺包覆的聚乳酸纳米纤维(PLA@PDA)膜;其中:所述多巴胺水溶液中多巴胺单体的浓度为2mg/mL。
B、将步骤A中获得的PLA@PDA膜用水冲洗干净,除去聚多巴胺表面物理吸附的未反应的多巴胺单体等杂质。
C、将步骤B中清洗干净的PLA@PDA膜浸入氧化锌纳米颗粒水分散液中,浸泡5min,其中:所述氧化锌水分散液中氧化锌纳米颗粒的浓度为1mg/mL。
D、将步骤C浸泡后的聚乳酸纳米纤维膜取出,用水冲洗干净,晾干。
E、将步骤D所得聚乳酸纳米纤维膜依次重复步骤A、B、C、D,重复7次,得到具有抗菌功能的聚乳酸纳米纤维(PLA@PDA@ZnO T7)膜。
经测试,本实施例获得的抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维膜含氧化锌13.2%,具有较好的抗菌性能(见附图4(E)),同时经CCK8法实验检测,具有很好的生物相容性(见附图5)。
实施例5
本实施例的一种抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维膜的制备方法,所述方法与实施例1的方法基本相同,其区别仅在于:本实施例步骤A中多巴胺水溶液中多巴胺单体的浓度为0.1mg/mL,多巴胺水溶液的pH值为8.0。
实施例6
本实施例的一种抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维膜的制备方法,所述方法与实施例1的方法基本相同,其区别仅在于:本实施例步骤A中多巴胺水溶液中多巴胺单体的浓度为1mg/mL,多巴胺水溶液的pH值为9.0。
实施例7
本实施例的一种抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维膜的制备方法,所述方法与实施例1的方法基本相同,其区别仅在于:本实施例步骤A中多巴胺水溶液中多巴胺单体的浓度为5mg/mL,聚乳酸纳米纤维膜在多巴胺水溶液中的浸泡时间为10min。
实施例8
本实施例的一种抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维膜的制备方法,所述方法与实施例1的方法基本相同,其区别仅在于:本实施例步骤A中多巴胺水溶液中多巴胺单体的浓度为10mg/mL,聚乳酸纳米纤维膜在多巴胺水溶液中的浸泡时间为1min。
实施例9
本实施例的一种抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维膜的制备方法,所述方法与实施例1的方法基本相同,其区别仅在于:本实施例步骤C中氧化锌纳米颗粒的水分散液中氧化锌的浓度为0.1mg/mL,PLA@PDA在氧化锌纳米颗粒水分散液中的浸泡时间为10min。
实施例10
本实施例的一种抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维膜的制备方法,所述方法与实施例1的方法基本相同,其区别仅在于:本实施例步骤C中氧化锌纳米颗粒的水分散液中氧化锌的浓度为10mg/mL,PLA@PDA在氧化锌纳米颗粒水分散液中的浸泡时间为1min。
对比例1
本对比例的一种聚多巴胺包覆的聚乳酸纳米纤维(PLA@PDA)膜的制备方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
A、将聚乳酸纳米纤维膜(尺寸:1cm长×1cm宽)浸入pH值为8.5的多巴胺水溶液中,浸泡5min,其中:所述多巴胺水溶液中多巴胺单体的浓度为2mg/mL。
B、将步骤A中获得的PLA@PDA膜用水冲洗干净,除去聚多巴胺表面物理吸附的未反应的多巴胺单体等杂质,得到聚多巴胺包覆的聚乳酸纳米纤维(PLA@PDA)膜。
性能测试
(1)抑菌性能测试:
将本发明采用的聚乳酸纳米纤维膜原料、以及实施例1~4制备的抗菌功能聚乳酸纳米纤维膜PLA@PDA@ZnO T1、PLA@PDA@ZnO T3、PLA@PDA@ZnO T5、PLA@PDA@ZnO T7样品对金葡球菌的抗菌性能进行测试,具体测试方法如下:
取尺寸为1cm长×1cm宽待检测样品,利用紫外光消毒30min。然后取10μL金葡球菌菌液滴在样品表面,接着滴加1mL PBS缓冲液使样品保持湿润状态,在37℃恒温培养箱中培育2h后,将样品取出,置于5mLPBS缓冲液冲中震荡,然后取适量的经过震荡后得到的PBS溶液稀释1000倍,滴在凝胶培养皿表面进行细菌培养,24小时后拍照记录细菌生长状况,测试结果如图4所示,由图4可知,本发明制备的抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维膜对金葡球菌均有较好的抑制作用。
(2)生物相容性评价
本发明的生物相容性实验采用CCK8法测定,基本过程如下,取2cm×2cm的薄膜样品经紫外光照射消毒,至于直径为6mm的培养皿中,并用细胞培养液将薄膜样品湿润,然后接种成骨细胞,细胞密度为104个/cm2。培养24小时后,采用CCK8试剂盒进行测试。
图5为采用成骨细胞分别对PLA原料、实施例1~4制备的PLA@PDA@ZnO T1、PLA@PDA@ZnO T3、PLA@PDA@ZnO T5、PLA@PDA@ZnO T7以及对比例1制备的PLA@PDA进行生物相容性评价的结果对比图。由图5可以看出,加入PLA、PLA@PDA、PLA@PDA@ZnO T1、PLA@PDA@ZnOT3、PLA@PDA@ZnO T5、PLA@PDA@ZnO T7的成骨细胞存活率分别为88.4%;78.6%;88.7%;87.7%;85.7%;104%,由此可见,PLA、PLA@PDA、PLA@PDA@ZnO对细胞基本无杀伤作用,而本发明制备的PLA@PDA@ZnO相较于PLA@PDA,在细胞毒性上有明显降低。
(3)拉伸性能测试
将待测样品剪成1cm宽,5cm长的样条,利用万能拉伸机在室温下进行测试,拉伸速率为10mm/min。表1为PLA原料、实施例1~4制备的PLA@PDA@ZnO T1、PLA@PDA@ZnO T3、PLA@PDA@ZnO T5、PLA@PDA@ZnO T7以及对比例1制备的PLA@PDA的拉伸性能测试结果对比表。
由表1可以看出,表面负载氧化锌纳米颗粒的聚乳酸纳米纤维,其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均优于聚乳酸原料,表明经本发明改性获得的抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维的拉伸性能提高。
表1 PLA、PLA@PDA及PLA@PDA@ZnO T1、PLA@PDA@ZnO T3、PLA@PDA@ZnO T5、PLA@PDA@ZnO T7的拉伸性能测试结果对比表
样品 拉伸强度(MPa) 断裂伸长率
PLA 3.24 74.72
PLA@PDA 3.95 83.4
PLA@PDA@ZnO T1 4.54 122.85
PLA@PDA@ZnO T3 4.31 106.5
PLA@PDA@ZnO T5 3.06 119.95
PLA@PDA@ZnO T7 3.51 110.58

Claims (7)

1.一种抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维,其特征在于:包括聚乳酸纳米纤维基体,以及包覆在所述聚乳酸纳米纤维基体上的一层或多层黏附涂层,所述黏附涂层上吸附有氧化锌纳米颗粒;其中:所述氧化锌纳米颗粒在抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维中的质量百分含量为0.9%~13.2%;所述黏附涂层为聚多巴胺,是由多巴胺单体通过氧化自聚形成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维,其特征在于:所述黏附涂层层数不超过8层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述方法步骤如下:
A、常温下,将聚乳酸纳米纤维(PLA)置于碱性多巴胺水溶液中浸泡1~10min,使多巴胺自聚合,形成聚多巴胺包覆的聚乳酸纳米纤维PLA@PDA;
B、将步骤A获得的PLA@PDA表面清洗干净;
C、将步骤B清洗后的PLA@PDA置于氧化锌纳米颗粒水分散液中浸泡1~10min;
D、将步骤C浸泡后所得改性纤维表面清洗干净;
E、将步骤D清洗后的改性纤维依次重复步骤A、B、C、D,得到不同氧化锌含量的抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维PLA@PDA@ZnO,其中:重复次数为0~7次。
4.根据权利要求3所述的抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤A中多巴胺水溶液中多巴胺单体的浓度为0.1~10mg/mL。
5.根据权利要求3所述的抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤A中碱性多巴胺水溶液的pH值优选为8.0~9.0。
6.根据权利要求3所述的抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤B所述氧化锌纳米颗粒的水分散液中氧化锌的浓度为0.1~10mg/mL。
7.权利要求1~2任一项所述的抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维或权利要求3~6任一项所述方法制备的抗菌聚乳酸纳米纤维的应用,其特征在于:用于骨组织修复材料或引导骨组织再生膜中。
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