CN110640155A - Method for improving sphericity of metal powder prepared by gas atomization method - Google Patents
Method for improving sphericity of metal powder prepared by gas atomization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110640155A CN110640155A CN201910978272.1A CN201910978272A CN110640155A CN 110640155 A CN110640155 A CN 110640155A CN 201910978272 A CN201910978272 A CN 201910978272A CN 110640155 A CN110640155 A CN 110640155A
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- gas atomization
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0836—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with electric or magnetic field or induction
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the sphericity of metal powder prepared by a gas atomization method, which improves the process flow of preparing the metal powder by the gas atomization method, heats gas before crushing liquid metal by high-pressure airflow, improves the temperature of the gas in the gas atomization method, can effectively reduce the cooling rate of crushed metal liquid drops, ensures that the spheroidization time of the metal liquid drops is longer than the condensation time, and ensures that the metal liquid drops have enough time to form spheres under the action of surface tension; and the heating power of the induction coil is adjusted to control the superheat degree of the metal, so that the surface tension of the metal melt liquid drop is increased, the sphericity and the fluidity of the metal powder prepared by the gas atomization method can be effectively improved, and the requirement of laser 3D printing is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser 3D printing, in particular to a method for improving the sphericity of metal powder prepared by an atomization method.
Background
The metal powder is a printing material for laser 3D printing, and the production method of the metal powder is mainly an air atomization method at present. The basic principle of the gas atomization process is the process of breaking up a liquid metal stream into small droplets and solidifying the droplets into a powder using a high velocity, high pressure gas stream. The metal powder prepared by the gas atomization method has the advantages of high purity, low oxygen content, controllable powder granularity, low cost and the like, and becomes a mainstream method for preparing high-performance metal powder.
The gas atomization method is classified into a vacuum induction melting gas atomization method and an electrode induction melting gas atomization method according to the presence or absence of a crucible. Parameters involved in the atomization gas and atomization process include gas properties, gas inlet pressure, gas flow velocity and the like, parameters involved in the metal liquid flow and related processes include metal liquid flow properties, superheat degree, liquid flow diameter and the like, and the parameters directly influence the particle size distribution and microstructure of the metal powder. In the condensation process, the appearance of the powder is related to the spheroidization time and the solidification time of the liquid metal, when the spheroidization time of the liquid metal is less than the solidification time, sufficient time is available for spheroidization before the liquid metal is solidified, and finally the obtained powder is spherical; when the spheroidization time of the liquid metal is longer than the solidification time, the spheroidization time is insufficient before the liquid metal is solidified, and the obtained powder is in an irregular shape. At present, cold gas is generally adopted as atomizing gas in the preparation of metal powder by a gas atomization method, so that metal liquid drops are solidified into powder before spheroidization, the problem of low powder sphericity (the sphericity is less than or equal to 80%) is easy to occur, the flowability of the powder is further influenced, if the metal powder does not have a particle size range meeting the laser 3D printing requirement, the scraper can not guarantee that the metal powder is smooth and smooth in a printing process, and the quality of a final finished product is greatly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method for improving the sphericity of the metal powder prepared by the gas atomization method can be used for obtaining the metal powder meeting the requirement of laser 3D printing sphericity.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for improving the sphericity of metal powder prepared by a gas atomization method comprises the following steps:
step one, putting a metal bar into a device for preparing powder by gas atomization and heating;
step two, introducing gas into a powder preparation device by gas atomization, and heating by using a heating device to obtain high-temperature high-pressure gas;
thirdly, increasing the power of the induction coil, and carrying out powder preparation by a gas atomization method on the metal liquid drops after being heated and melted by using high-speed ejected high-temperature and high-pressure gas;
and step four, screening the metal powder obtained in the step three, and selecting the metal powder with the granularity of 15-53 mu m.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the material of the metal bar adopted in the first step is 18Ni300 and TC4Or 316L.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the gas atomization powder preparation device adopted in the first step is an electrode induction melting gas atomization powder preparation device or a vacuum induction gas atomization powder preparation device.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: and in the second step, the gas is argon or nitrogen.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: and the temperature of the high-temperature high-pressure gas obtained in the second step is 80-120 ℃, and the pressure is 3-4 MPa.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the power of the induction coil in the third step is 16-20 kW.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: and the screening in the fourth step is carried out in two steps, namely screening by an airflow classifier and then carrying out ultrasonic vibration screening.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the process flow for preparing the metal powder by the gas atomization method is improved, the gas is heated before the liquid metal is crushed by the high-pressure airflow, the temperature of the gas by the gas atomization method is increased, the cooling rate of the crushed metal liquid drop can be effectively reduced, the spheroidizing time of the metal liquid drop is longer than the condensing time, and the metal liquid drop is ensured to have enough time to form a spherical shape under the action of surface tension; and the heating power of the induction coil is adjusted to control the superheat degree of the metal, so that the surface tension of the metal melt liquid drop is increased, the sphericity and the fluidity of the metal powder prepared by the gas atomization method can be effectively improved, and the requirement of laser 3D printing is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a TC prepared according to the present invention4SEM image of the powder;
FIG. 2 isHaving technically prepared TC4SEM image of the powder;
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The method for improving the sphericity of the metal powder prepared by the gas atomization method comprises the following steps:
step one, putting a metal bar into a device for preparing powder by gas atomization method for heating, wherein the metal bar is made of 18Ni300 and TC4Or 316L; the gas atomization powder preparation device can be selected according to different materials of the metal bar, if the titanium alloy can be selected by the electrode induction melting gas atomization powder preparation device, and if the iron alloy can be selected by the vacuum induction gas atomization powder preparation device.
Step two, introducing gas into a powder preparation device by gas atomization, and heating by using a heating device to obtain high-temperature high-pressure gas, wherein the gas medium adopted in the step is selected according to the metal activity, nitrogen can be selected if the titanium alloy is titanium alloy, and argon can be selected if the iron alloy is iron alloy; the heating device is adopted to heat the gas medium in the step, so that the cooling rate of the metal melt liquid drops is reduced when the gas impacts the metal melt, the metal melt liquid has enough time to form a sphere under the action of the surface tension of the metal melt liquid in the falling process, the temperature of the heated gas is 80-120 ℃, and the pressure is 3-4 MPa.
Thirdly, increasing the power of the induction coil, and carrying out powder preparation by a gas atomization method on the metal liquid drops after being heated and melted by using high-speed ejected high-temperature and high-pressure gas; in the step, the superheat degree of metal is controlled by controlling the heating power of the induction coil, so that the surface tension of metal melt droplets is increased, the sphericity of metal powder prepared by a gas atomization method is improved, and the power of the induction coil is 16-20 kW.
And step four, screening the metal powder obtained in the step three, wherein the screening process is carried out in two steps, firstly, screening is carried out through an airflow classifier, then, ultrasonic vibration screening is carried out, and finally, the metal powder with the particle size of 15-53 mu m is selected.
Example 1
The method of the invention is adopted to prepare the spherical TC4Titanium alloy powder. Mixing TC with diameter of 45mm and length of 500mm4Putting the titanium alloy bar into an electrode induction melting gas atomization powder making device for heating; opening a gas heating device to heat argon in the pipeline, and controlling the temperature of the argon at 120 ℃ and the pressure of the argon at 3 MPa; increasing the power of the induction coil to 16KW, and carrying out powder preparation on the falling titanium liquid by a gas atomization method; sieving the powder to obtain spherical TC with the particle size of 15-53 mu m meeting the requirement of laser printing4Titanium alloy powder.
Example 2
The spherical 316L stainless steel powder is prepared by the method. Putting the 316L ingot into a vacuum induction melting gas atomization powder making induction furnace for heating; opening a gas heating device to heat nitrogen in the pipeline, and controlling the temperature of argon at 100 ℃ and the pressure at 3.5 MPa; increasing the power of the induction coil to 18KW, and carrying out powder preparation on the falling molten steel by a gas atomization method; the powder is sieved to obtain spherical 316L stainless steel powder with the diameter of 15-53 mu m meeting the requirement of laser printing.
Example 3
The spherical 18Ni300 die steel powder is prepared by the method. Putting the 18Ni300 ingot into a vacuum induction melting gas atomization powder making device for heating; opening a gas heating device to heat nitrogen in the pipeline, and controlling the temperature of argon at 80 ℃ and the pressure at 4 MPa; increasing the power of the induction coil to 20KW, and carrying out powder preparation on the falling molten steel by a gas atomization method; and sieving the powder to obtain spherical 18Ni300 die steel powder with the particle size of 15-53 microns, which meets the requirement of laser printing.
The spherical TC with the granularity of 15-53 mu m prepared by the traditional method and the method of the invention through a scanning electron microscope4The titanium alloy powder is subjected to microscopic morphology analysis, the microscopic morphology analysis structure is shown as figure 1 and figure 2, and the spherical TC prepared by the method is calculated according to the standard of' determination of titanium and titanium alloy powder morphology4The sphericity of the titanium alloy powder is 0.95, and the TC prepared by the traditional method4The sphericity of the titanium alloy powder is 0.80, and the spherical TC prepared by the invention4The sphericity of the titanium alloy powder is TC prepared by adopting the traditional method4Sphericity of the titanium alloy powder.
Claims (7)
1. The method for improving the sphericity of the metal powder prepared by the gas atomization method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, putting a metal bar into a device for preparing powder by gas atomization and heating;
step two, introducing gas into a powder preparation device by gas atomization, and heating by using a heating device to obtain high-temperature high-pressure gas;
thirdly, increasing the power of the induction coil, and carrying out powder preparation by a gas atomization method on the metal liquid drops after being heated and melted by using high-speed ejected high-temperature and high-pressure gas;
and step four, screening the metal powder obtained in the step three, and selecting the metal powder with the granularity of 15-53 mu m.
2. The method of improving the sphericity of a metal powder produced by gas atomization according to claim 1, wherein: the material of the metal bar adopted in the first step is 18Ni300 and TC4Or 316L.
3. The method of improving the sphericity of a metal powder produced by gas atomization according to claim 1, wherein: the gas atomization powder preparation device adopted in the first step is an electrode induction melting gas atomization powder preparation device or a vacuum induction gas atomization powder preparation device.
4. The method of improving the sphericity of a metal powder produced by gas atomization according to claim 1, wherein: and in the second step, the gas is argon or nitrogen.
5. The method of improving the sphericity of a metal powder produced by gas atomization according to claim 1, wherein: and the temperature of the high-temperature high-pressure gas obtained in the second step is 80-120 ℃, and the pressure is 3-4 MPa.
6. The method of improving the sphericity of a metal powder produced by gas atomization according to claim 1, wherein: the power of the induction coil in the third step is 16-20 kW.
7. The method of improving the sphericity of a metal powder produced by gas atomization according to claim 1, wherein: and the screening in the fourth step is carried out in two steps, namely screening by an airflow classifier and then carrying out ultrasonic vibration screening.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112517918A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-19 | 青岛云路先进材料技术股份有限公司 | Preparation method and production equipment of high-sphericity gas atomized powder |
| CN113042740A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-29 | 北京七弟科技有限公司 | Method for preparing high-melting-point metal or alloy spherical powder by adopting gas atomization |
| CN114472908A (en) * | 2022-02-09 | 2022-05-13 | 安徽奥微新材料有限公司 | Metal powder preparation method based on two-stage atomization method |
| CN114653955A (en) * | 2022-02-12 | 2022-06-24 | 山东汇嘉磁电科技有限公司 | Gas atomization powder making method and gas atomization powder making system using same |
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| CN113042740A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-29 | 北京七弟科技有限公司 | Method for preparing high-melting-point metal or alloy spherical powder by adopting gas atomization |
| CN114472908A (en) * | 2022-02-09 | 2022-05-13 | 安徽奥微新材料有限公司 | Metal powder preparation method based on two-stage atomization method |
| CN114653955A (en) * | 2022-02-12 | 2022-06-24 | 山东汇嘉磁电科技有限公司 | Gas atomization powder making method and gas atomization powder making system using same |
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