CN114472908A - Metal powder preparation method based on two-stage atomization method - Google Patents
Metal powder preparation method based on two-stage atomization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114472908A CN114472908A CN202210122554.3A CN202210122554A CN114472908A CN 114472908 A CN114472908 A CN 114472908A CN 202210122554 A CN202210122554 A CN 202210122554A CN 114472908 A CN114472908 A CN 114472908A
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009692 water atomization Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Cu] IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
- B22F2009/0828—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid with water
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/084—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid combination of methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of metal powder materials, and particularly discloses a metal powder preparation method based on a two-stage atomization method, which comprises the following steps: step one, putting metal into a medium-frequency furnace in an inert atmosphere, and melting the metal at high temperature to form molten metal; step two, introducing gas into the molten metal in the step one, and carrying out gas atomization on the molten metal; after the atomization is finished, spraying high-pressure water to the molten metal for secondary atomization and crushing, and shrinking the crushed molten metal into a spherical shape under the action of surface tension; and step four, extracting to obtain atomized metal powder. The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, and combines the gas atomization method and the water atomization method, thereby not only reducing the cost, but also ensuring the requirement of the sphericity of the metal powder.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal powder materials, and particularly belongs to a metal powder preparation method based on a two-stage atomization method.
Background
Conventionally, as a method for producing metal powder, there is an atomization method. The atomization method comprises the following steps: a water atomization method in which high-pressure water is sprayed to a flow of molten metal to obtain metal powder; a gas atomization method in which an inert gas is injected instead of water spray.
With the development of powder metallurgy technology, new processes and new technologies such as injection molding, warm compaction molding, additive manufacturing and the like appear, powder metallurgy products develop towards the directions of high strength, high density, high precision and complex shape, the performance requirements on metal and alloy powder are higher and higher, and the production of spherical metal powder becomes an important aspect of metal powder manufacturing. The gas atomization method is a main method for preparing spherical powder in the atomization method, and the metal powder prepared by gas atomization has good sphericity, larger average particle size, wider particle size distribution, easy generation of agglomeration and segregation, low atomization efficiency and high price.
Although the existing water atomization method is lower in cost, the sphericity of the prepared metal powder is not good, and the requirements of the sphericity of the metal powder for injection molding, warm-pressing molding and additive manufacturing cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a metal powder preparation method based on a two-stage atomization method, overcomes the defects of the prior art, and not only reduces the cost, but also can ensure the requirement of the sphericity of the metal powder by combining an air atomization method and a water atomization method.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a metal powder preparation method based on a two-stage atomization method comprises the following steps:
step one, putting metal into a medium-frequency furnace in an inert atmosphere, and melting the metal at high temperature to form molten metal;
step two, introducing gas into the molten metal in the step one, and carrying out gas atomization on the molten metal;
after the atomization is finished, spraying high-pressure water to the molten metal for secondary atomization and crushing, and shrinking the crushed molten metal into a spherical shape under the action of surface tension;
and step four, extracting to obtain atomized metal powder.
Further, in the second step, the gas is nitrogen or argon.
Further, the gas is high-temperature and high-pressure gas, the temperature is 80-120 ℃, the gas ejection speed is 600-750m/s, and the pressure is 3-4 MPa.
Further, in the third step, the step of spraying high-pressure water to the molten metal for secondary atomization and crushing specifically comprises: the water in the water tank is heated and pressurized, and then the molten metal falling in the vertical direction is sprayed to collide.
Further, the water temperature of the high-pressure water is 100-120 ℃, the water pressure is 25-90Mpa, and the injection angle is 14-20 degrees.
Further, the third step is followed by: and (3) atomizing cold water for the second time, and spraying cooling water to the molten metal 2-4cm below the high-pressure water, wherein the temperature of the cooling water is 5-8 ℃, the water pressure is 15-20Mpa, and the spraying angle is 20-40 degrees.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following implementation effects:
1. the invention combines the gas atomization method and the water atomization method, thereby not only reducing the cost, but also ensuring the requirement of the sphericity of the metal powder.
2. The invention utilizes high-temperature high-pressure airflow to effectively reduce the cooling rate of the broken metal liquid drop, so that the spheroidization time of the metal liquid drop is longer than the condensation time, and the metal liquid drop is ensured to have enough time to form a spherical shape under the action of surface tension.
3. According to the invention, the sphericity of the metal powder is further improved through cooling water atomization, and the granularity of the metal powder is finer.
4. The 30 copper-iron alloy powder (30% copper and 70% iron) D50 (average grain diameter is 8-15um) prepared by the method has the recovery rate of 77.5%, the bulk density of more than 4.3/cubic centimeter, the powder is nearly spherical, and the structure is formed by coexistence of two phases of austenite and ferrite.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples, and any modification is within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a metal powder preparation method based on a two-stage atomization method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, putting metal into a medium-frequency furnace in an inert atmosphere, and melting the metal at high temperature to form molten metal.
And step two, introducing high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen or argon into the metal liquid obtained in the step one, wherein the temperature is 80 ℃, the gas spraying speed is 600m/s, and the pressure is 3MPa, and carrying out gas atomization on the metal liquid.
And step three, after the gas atomization is finished, heating and pressurizing the water in the water tank, then spraying the molten metal falling to the vertical direction for collision, and contracting the broken molten metal into a spherical shape under the action of surface tension.
Wherein the water temperature of the high-pressure water is 100 ℃, the water pressure is 25Mpa, and the injection angle is 14 degrees.
And fourthly, atomizing cold water for the second time, and spraying cooling water to the molten metal at a position 2cm below the high-pressure water, wherein the temperature of the cooling water is 5 ℃, the water pressure is 15Mpa, and the spraying angle is 20 degrees.
And step five, extracting to obtain atomized metal powder.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a metal powder preparation method based on a two-stage atomization method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, putting metal into a medium-frequency furnace in an inert atmosphere, and melting the metal at high temperature to form molten metal.
And step two, introducing high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen or argon into the metal liquid obtained in the step one, wherein the temperature is 100 ℃, the gas ejection rate is 680m/s, and the pressure is 3.5MPa, and carrying out gas atomization on the metal liquid.
And step three, after the gas atomization is finished, heating and pressurizing the water in the water tank, then spraying the molten metal falling to the vertical direction for collision, and contracting the broken molten metal into a spherical shape under the action of surface tension.
Wherein the water temperature of the high-pressure water is 110 ℃, the water pressure is 60Mpa, and the injection angle is 17 degrees.
And step four, atomizing cold water for the second time, and spraying cooling water to the molten metal at a position 3cm below high-pressure water, wherein the temperature of the cooling water is 6.5 ℃, the water pressure is 17.5Mpa, and the spraying angle is 30 degrees.
And step five, extracting to obtain atomized metal powder.
Example 3
The embodiment discloses a metal powder preparation method based on a two-stage atomization method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, putting metal into a medium-frequency furnace in an inert atmosphere, and melting the metal at high temperature to form molten metal.
And step two, introducing high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen or argon into the metal liquid obtained in the step one, wherein the temperature is 120 ℃, the gas spraying speed is 750m/s, and the pressure is 4MPa, and carrying out gas atomization on the metal liquid.
And step three, after the gas atomization is finished, heating and pressurizing the water in the water tank, then spraying the molten metal falling to the vertical direction for collision, and contracting the broken molten metal into a spherical shape under the action of surface tension.
Wherein the water temperature of the high-pressure water is 120 ℃, the water pressure is 90Mpa, and the injection angle is 20 degrees.
And fourthly, atomizing cold water for the second time, and spraying cooling water to the molten metal 4cm below the high-pressure water, wherein the temperature of the cooling water is 8 ℃, the water pressure is 20Mpa, and the spraying angle is 40 degrees.
And step five, extracting to obtain atomized metal powder.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present inventive concept and various modifications, additions and substitutions of similar embodiments may be made to the specific embodiments described by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept or exceeding the scope of the claims as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (7)
1. A metal powder preparation method based on a two-stage atomization method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, putting metal into a medium-frequency furnace in an inert atmosphere, and melting the metal at high temperature to form molten metal;
step two, introducing gas into the molten metal in the step one, and carrying out gas atomization on the molten metal;
after the atomization is finished, spraying high-pressure water to the molten metal for secondary atomization and crushing, and shrinking the crushed molten metal into a spherical shape under the action of surface tension;
and step four, extracting to obtain atomized metal powder.
2. The method for preparing metal powder based on two-stage atomization method according to claim 1, wherein: and in the second step, the gas is nitrogen or argon.
3. The method for preparing metal powder based on two-stage atomization method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the gas is high-temperature high-pressure gas, the temperature is 80-120 ℃, the gas ejection speed is 600-750m/s, and the pressure is 3-4 MPa.
4. The method for preparing metal powder based on two-stage atomization method according to claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the high-pressure water is sprayed to the molten metal for secondary atomization and crushing, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the water in the water tank is heated and pressurized, and then the molten metal falling in the vertical direction is sprayed to collide.
5. The method for preparing metal powder based on two-stage atomization method according to claim 4, wherein: the water temperature of the high-pressure water is 100-120 ℃, the water pressure is 25-90Mpa, and the injection angle is 14-20 degrees.
6. A method for preparing metal powder based on two-stage atomization according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: the third step further comprises the following steps: and (3) atomizing cold water for the second time, and spraying cooling water to the molten metal 2-4cm below the high-pressure water, wherein the temperature of the cooling water is 5-8 ℃, the water pressure is 15-20Mpa, and the spraying angle is 20-40 degrees.
7. The method for preparing metal powder based on two-stage atomization method according to claim 1, wherein: and step four, the average grain diameter of the metal powder is 8-15 um.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210122554.3A CN114472908A (en) | 2022-02-09 | 2022-02-09 | Metal powder preparation method based on two-stage atomization method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210122554.3A CN114472908A (en) | 2022-02-09 | 2022-02-09 | Metal powder preparation method based on two-stage atomization method |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4339401A (en) * | 1976-12-09 | 1982-07-13 | The International Nickel Company, Inc. | Process for producing metal powders having low oxygen content |
| JP2005008930A (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2005-01-13 | Nippon Atomized Metal Powers Corp | Metallic powder, and apparatus and method for manufacturing metallic powder |
| CN102717087A (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2012-10-10 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Method for preparing spherical metal powder by aid of water atomization |
| CN103111625A (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2013-05-22 | 南京理工大学 | Method of improving sphericity degree of metal powder prepared through water atomization |
| CN105290412A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-02-03 | 曾克里 | Atomizing method and device for preparing superfine near-spherical low-oxygen metal powder |
| CN110640155A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-01-03 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | Method for improving sphericity of metal powder prepared by gas atomization method |
-
2022
- 2022-02-09 CN CN202210122554.3A patent/CN114472908A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4339401A (en) * | 1976-12-09 | 1982-07-13 | The International Nickel Company, Inc. | Process for producing metal powders having low oxygen content |
| JP2005008930A (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2005-01-13 | Nippon Atomized Metal Powers Corp | Metallic powder, and apparatus and method for manufacturing metallic powder |
| CN102717087A (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2012-10-10 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Method for preparing spherical metal powder by aid of water atomization |
| CN103111625A (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2013-05-22 | 南京理工大学 | Method of improving sphericity degree of metal powder prepared through water atomization |
| CN105290412A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-02-03 | 曾克里 | Atomizing method and device for preparing superfine near-spherical low-oxygen metal powder |
| CN110640155A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-01-03 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | Method for improving sphericity of metal powder prepared by gas atomization method |
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