CN106112000A - A kind of 3D prints the preparation method of metal dust - Google Patents
A kind of 3D prints the preparation method of metal dust Download PDFInfo
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- CN106112000A CN106112000A CN201610742917.8A CN201610742917A CN106112000A CN 106112000 A CN106112000 A CN 106112000A CN 201610742917 A CN201610742917 A CN 201610742917A CN 106112000 A CN106112000 A CN 106112000A
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- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- argon
- atomization
- metal dust
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/086—Cooling after atomisation
- B22F2009/0876—Cooling after atomisation by gas
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of 3D and print the preparation method of metal dust, including dispensing, melting, deoxidation, slag making, drag for Slag treatment, air-blowing balling-up, atomization shaping, the step of collection.The present invention is before atomization shapes, the technique adding air-blowing balling-up: argon is injected in stand-by alloy according to certain ratio, form the stand-by alloy liquid pearl that inside is argon, during atomization, slightly reduction due to temperature, pressure reduces simultaneously, argon makes metal volume expand as quick as thought as power, it is then passed through the effect of atomizer, the dilating effect of argon simultaneously, the particle diameter making the metallic particles after atomization is less, granularity is less than powder one-pass finished rate >=40% of 20 μm, and the effect of argon makes metallic particles sphericity higher, sphericity >=90% can be reached, reach world lead level, China 3D has significantly been promoted to print the development of metal dust.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to 3D material and manufacture field, be specifically related to a kind of 3D and print the preparation method of metal dust.
Background technology
The flat objects that the normal printer used in daily life can design with printing calculator, and so-called 3D printer
Essentially identical with normal printer operation principle, simply printed material is somewhat different, and the printed material of normal printer is ink
And paper, and 3D printer is built with different " printed materials " such as metal, pottery, plastics, sand, is out and out former material
Material, after printer is connected with computer, controls " printed material " to be stacked up from level to level, finally computer by computer
On blueprint become in kind.Generally, 3D printer is a kind of equipment that " can print " real 3D object, such as beats
Print a robot, print toy car, print various model, even food etc..The most generically it is called and " prints
Machine " it is the know-why that have references to normal printer, because the process of layering processing is quite similar with inkjet printing.This prints
Technology is referred to as 3D three-dimensional printing technology.
Current 3D prints metal dust and prints the most important ring of industrial chain as metal parts 3D, is also maximum
It is worth place.On " world 3D printing technique industry conference in 2013 " [3], world 3D prints the authoritative expert couple of industry
3D prints metal dust and explicitly defines, and i.e. refers to be smaller in size than the metallic particles group of 1mm.Including single metal dust, conjunction
Bronze end and there is some infusible compound powder of metalline.
At present, 3D print metal powder material include cochrome, rustless steel, Industrial Steel, bell metal, titanium alloy and
Nickel alumin(i)um alloy etc..But 3D print metal dust in addition to need to possessing good plasticity, it is necessary to meet powder diameter tiny,
Narrower particle size distribution, sphericity height, good fluidity and the high requirement of apparent density.In order to prove that 3D prints metal powder further
The impact of foot couple product.Applicant uses selective laser sintering process (SLS method) to print two kinds of different powder of stainless steel, sends out
There is notable difference in the product now prepared.The Germany's powder of stainless steel printed sample lustrous surface of certain producer, shrinkage factor is little, no
Yielding, stable mechanical property.The printed sample of the powder of stainless steel of certain producer domestic is the most far away not as good as the former.To this end, it is right
The Morphology analysis that two kinds of different powder of stainless steel are carried out.From crystalline phase figure it can be seen that powder particle good sphericity, granule
Distribution of sizes is in the range of 11.2 ~ 63.6 μm.And the microstructure of the powder of stainless steel of domestic certain producer, it can be seen that its
Grain is irregular block, and size is less.External enterprise controls 3D always and prints the manufacturing process bottleneck of metal dust, seriously
Constrain China 3D and print the development of metal dust.
Summary of the invention
Purpose to be solved by this invention is the preparation method providing a kind of 3D to print metal dust, solves current China
The 3D grasped prints the product of technology of metal powder manufacture and there is the problem that particle diameter is uneven, circularity is poor.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of 3D prints the preparation method of metal dust, comprises the following steps:
(a) dispensing: metal is prepared according to the proportioning of final alloy；
(b) melting: the alloy raw material that step (a) prepared puts into and is warmed up to uniform temperature in vacuum melting furnace and carries out alloying and melt
Refining；
C the alloy molten solution of generation is put into multiple elements design refining agent after abundant alloying and carries out deoxidation, slag making, drags at slag by ()
Reason, makes stand-by alloy；
D () air-blowing balling-up: be injected in stand-by alloy according to certain ratio by argon, forms the stand-by alloy that inside is argon
Liquid pearl；
E () atomization shapes: stand-by alloy liquid pearl is put into middle bottom pour ladle and starts aerosolization operation, form vaporific metal powder
End；
F () collects: the vaporific alloy powder after atomization enters in nitrogen mist and cools down, subsequently in fast precise staged care equipment
Carry out staged care, obtain the submicron metal of desired particle size range.
The existing manufacturing process that disclosed 3D prints metal dust is recorded in, and disclosed in December, 2013, " Sichuan is coloured
Metal paper " numbered " article is numbered: 1006-4079 (2013) 04-0048-04 ", it is entitled that " 3D prints metal dust
Preparation method ", this article describes the most domestic 3D in detail and prints problem and the state of the art that industry exists, to prior art
Detailed Research foundation on, present applicant is made that great improvement to prior art: the 3D of the present invention prints metal
The preparation method of powder compared with prior art, atomization shape before, the technique adding air-blowing balling-up: by argon according to one
Fixed ratio is injected in stand-by alloy, forms the stand-by alloy liquid pearl that inside is argon, in the process, by the conjunction of liquid
Gold grain utilizes argon inflation to expand its volume, and the argon of inside is follow-up atomization as partial power, in atomization
During, due to the slightly reduction of temperature, pressure reduces simultaneously, and argon makes metal volume expand, then as quick as thought as power
Through the effect of atomizer, the dilating effect of argon simultaneously so that the particle diameter of the metallic particles after atomization is less, and granularity is less than
Powder one-pass finished rate >=40% of 20 μm, and the effect of argon makes metallic particles sphericity higher, can reach sphericity
>=90%, reach world lead level, significantly promote China 3D to print the development of metal dust.
Concretely, described step (b) melting comprises the following steps:
(b1) alloy constituent element is sorted from low paramount order according to the fusing point of alloy constituent element；
(b2) according to fusing point from low paramount order melting one by one, after every kind of alloy constituent element is completely melt, using spray argon as
Power, is stirred the alloy after fusing, then extracts argon, keeps vacuum, until alloy constituent element all melts.
By the method for smelting of the present invention, during every kind of constituent element melting, argon is utilized to be blown into very as power
In empty smelting furnace, mixed solution is stirred, can sufficient mix homogeneously, on crystal phase structure so that alloy is more steady
Fixed, reach the combination of crystal phase structure, and be no longer the mixing of single component, after the drive of argon, in vacuum environment, alloy
Crystal phase structure more stable, be also beneficial to control product particle size uniformity.
Concretely, described step (d) air-blowing balling-up comprises the following steps:
(d1) with argon as medium, the alloy after melting is formed spherical liquid particles by blow nozzle, and is sent to suspend
Indoor；
(d2) cooling 10～30 DEG C, the internal liquid particles explosion containing argon forms vaporific alloy powder.
Utilize blow nozzle of the prior art as the nozzle in the present invention, the alloy after melting is blown and forms liquid
Granule, is then fed in floater, lowers the temperature 10～30 DEG C and can improve the surface tension of alloy liquid granule so that it is in atomization
Keep independent form of spherical particles before operation, provide more complete gassiness liquid particles for atomization.
Specifically, during described step (f) is collected, the particle diameter of nitrogen mist is 5～10 μm.During cooling is collected, application
The nitrogen mist of atomization is studied by people, finds that the particle diameter of nitrogen mist had a significant impact for the time cooled down, meanwhile, and nitrogen mist
Particle diameter also produces impact to the sphericity of vaporific powder metallurgy, and the surface tension of nitrogen mist has uniformly for the surface of alloying pellet
Pull effect, through experiment for many years and theoretical research, for alloy powder, when the particle diameter of nitrogen mist is too small when,
Although the effect of cooling molding can be improved, but for particle diameter not impact, if the particle diameter of nitrogen mist is relatively big, alloying pellet
The nitrogen mist amounts of particles of surface adhesion is few, causes alloying pellet capillary uneven, is also disadvantageous for sphericity, mirror
In above-mentioned discovery, present applicant is improved for the particle diameter of nitrogen mist, when the particle diameter of nitrogen mist is 5～during 10 μm, closes
The particle diameter of gold powder particle is in 10～10 μm, and sphericity reaches 95%, and such material worldwide, broadly falls into leading water
Flat.
The present invention compared with prior art, has such advantages as and beneficial effect:
1, a kind of 3D of the present invention prints the preparation method of metal dust, before atomization shapes, and the technique adding air-blowing balling-up:
Argon is injected in stand-by alloy according to certain ratio, forms the stand-by alloy liquid pearl that inside is argon, in this process
In, the alloying pellet of liquid utilizes argon inflation expand its volume, and the argon of inside is that follow-up atomization is as part
Power, during atomization, due to the slightly reduction of temperature, pressure reduces simultaneously, and argon makes metal as quick as thought as power
Volume expands, and is then passed through the effect of atomizer, the simultaneously dilating effect of argon so that the particle diameter of the metallic particles after atomization
Less, granularity is less than powder one-pass finished rate >=40% of 20 μm, and the effect of argon makes metallic particles sphericity higher,
Sphericity >=90% can be reached, reached world lead level, significantly promote China 3D to print the development of metal dust；
2, a kind of 3D of the present invention prints the preparation method of metal dust, during every kind of constituent element melting, utilizes argon conduct
Power is blown in vacuum melting furnace, is stirred mixed solution, can sufficient mix homogeneously, on crystal phase structure, make
Obtain alloy more stable, reach the combination of crystal phase structure, and be no longer the mixing of single component, after the drive of argon, very
In Altitude, the crystal phase structure of alloy is more stable, is also beneficial to control the particle size uniformity of product；
3, a kind of 3D of the present invention prints the preparation method of metal dust, when the particle diameter of nitrogen mist is 5～during 10 μm, and alloy powder particle
Particle diameter in 10～10 μm, sphericity reaches 95%, and such material worldwide, broadly falls into top standard.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is made
Further describing in detail, the exemplary embodiment of the present invention and explanation thereof are only used for explaining the present invention, are not intended as this
The restriction of invention.
Embodiment
A kind of 3D of the present invention prints the preparation method of metal dust, and this alloy is for the protection of the location of skull, and material is titanium
Nickel steel alloy, produces according to following steps:
(a) dispensing: metal is prepared according to the proportioning of final alloy；
(b1) alloy constituent element is sorted from low paramount order according to the fusing point of alloy constituent element: nickel, ferrum, titanium；
(b2) according to fusing point from low paramount order melting one by one, first melting nickel, ferrum is then put into, after ferrum is completely melt,
Open argon gas source, mixed solution is stirred 30-40 minute, then evacuation, kept this temperature 1 as a child, put into titanium, be warming up to
1700 DEG C, after titanium is completely melt, open argon gas source, mixed solution is stirred 30-40 minute, then evacuation, keep this temperature
Degree 2 to 3 was as a child so that evenly, its flowing velocity also reduces the crystalline phase component of mixed solution simultaneously, forms homogeneous alloy
Solution；
C the alloy molten solution of generation is put into multiple elements design refining agent after abundant alloying and carries out deoxidation, slag making, drags at slag by ()
Reason, makes stand-by alloy；
(d1) with argon as medium, according to the ratio of certain argon Yu weight alloy, the alloy after melting is passed through blow nozzle
Form spherical liquid particles, and be sent in floater；
(d2) cooling 10～30 DEG C, the internal liquid particles explosion containing argon forms vaporific alloy powder；
E () atomization shapes: stand-by alloy liquid pearl is put into middle bottom pour ladle and starts aerosolization operation, form vaporific metal powder
End；
F () collects: the vaporific alloy powder after atomization enters in nitrogen mist and cools down, and the particle diameter of nitrogen mist is 5～10 μm, subsequently into soon
Speed fine grading processing equipment carries out staged care, obtains the submicron metal of desired particle size range, alloy powder particle
Particle diameter in 10～10 μm, sphericity reaches 95%.
Above-described detailed description of the invention, has been carried out the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect further
Describe in detail, be it should be understood that the detailed description of the invention that the foregoing is only the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention
Protection domain, all within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. done, all should comprise
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the preparation method of a 3D printing metal dust, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(a) dispensing: metal is prepared according to the proportioning of final alloy；
(b) melting: the alloy raw material that step (a) prepared puts into and is warmed up to uniform temperature in vacuum melting furnace and carries out alloying and melt
Refining；
C the alloy molten solution of generation is put into multiple elements design refining agent after abundant alloying and carries out deoxidation, slag making, drags at slag by ()
Reason, makes stand-by alloy；
D () air-blowing balling-up: be injected in stand-by alloy according to certain ratio by argon, forms the stand-by alloy that inside is argon
Liquid pearl；
E () atomization shapes: stand-by alloy liquid pearl is put into middle bottom pour ladle and starts aerosolization operation, form vaporific metal powder
End；
F () collects: the vaporific alloy powder after atomization enters in nitrogen mist and cools down, subsequently in fast precise staged care equipment
Carry out staged care, obtain the submicron metal of desired particle size range.
A kind of 3D the most according to claim 1 prints the preparation method of metal dust, it is characterised in that described step (b) is melted
Refining comprises the following steps:
(b1) alloy constituent element is sorted from low paramount order according to the fusing point of alloy constituent element；
(b2) according to fusing point from low paramount order melting one by one, after every kind of alloy constituent element is completely melt, using spray argon as
Power, is stirred the alloy after fusing, then extracts argon, keeps vacuum, until alloy constituent element all melts.
A kind of 3D the most according to claim 1 prints the preparation method of metal dust, it is characterised in that described step (d) drum
Gas balling-up comprises the following steps:
(d1) with argon as medium, the alloy after melting is formed spherical liquid particles by blow nozzle, and is sent to suspend
Indoor；
(d2) cooling 10～30 DEG C, the internal liquid particles explosion containing argon forms vaporific alloy powder.
A kind of 3D the most according to claim 1 prints the preparation method of metal dust, it is characterised in that described step (f) is received
Concentrating, the particle diameter of nitrogen mist is 5～10 μm.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107999776A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-05-08 | 马斌祥 | A kind of preparation process of 3D printing metal dust |
| CN108588482A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-09-28 | 宝鸡钛程压力容器设备制造有限公司 | A kind of formula and preparation method of 3D printing titanium alloy powder |
| CN109940166A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2019-06-28 | 东莞市精研粉体科技有限公司 | A kind of fastness 3D printing silver alloy spherical powder |
| CN112166004A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2021-01-01 | 株式会社东芝 | Metal powder for 3D printer, molded object, and method for producing molded object |
| CN112746196A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-04 | 河北大洲智造科技有限公司 | Lead-free multi-component bronze alloy spherical powder material and preparation method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20161116 |