CN110635641A - Axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor - Google Patents
Axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN110635641A CN110635641A CN201910905805.3A CN201910905805A CN110635641A CN 110635641 A CN110635641 A CN 110635641A CN 201910905805 A CN201910905805 A CN 201910905805A CN 110635641 A CN110635641 A CN 110635641A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
- H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2793—Rotors axially facing stators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
- H02K16/04—Machines with one rotor and two stators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/24—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/12—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
- H02K2201/03—Machines characterised by aspects of the air-gap between rotor and stator
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- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
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Abstract
An axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor relates to the field of permanent magnet synchronous motors. The invention aims to solve the problems that when a traditional permanent magnet synchronous motor operates in a wider speed range, the capacity of an inverter is increased, and the efficiency of a driving system is reduced. The invention relates to an axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor which is composed of two stators, a rotor and two air gaps. Each stator consists of a stator core and a stator winding; the rotor is mainly composed of a base disc and a magnetic pole unit. The permanent magnet synchronous motor with the axial magnetic field and the reverse salient pole has the advantages of wide constant-power weak magnet speed regulation range, high structural strength of a rotor, small positioning torque of the motor, and high efficiency, power density and reliability. The invention has good application prospect in the fields of electric vehicle driving systems, electric main shaft systems, variable speed power generation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of motors, and particularly relates to a permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Background
The axial magnetic field permanent magnet motor is also called a disc type permanent magnet motor, and has gained more and more attention due to the advantages of compact structure, high efficiency, high power density and the like. The axial magnetic field permanent magnet motor is particularly suitable for occasions requiring high torque density and compact space, such as electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, flywheel energy storage systems, industrial equipment and the like.
The axial magnetic field permanent magnet motor has various structures, and can be divided into four types according to the number of the stators and the rotors and the relative positions of the stators and the rotors: single stator rotor structure, double stator middle rotor structure, double rotor middle stator structure and multi-disc structure.
The conventional axial magnetic field permanent magnet motor with a double-stator middle rotor structure is of a double-air-gap structure formed by sandwiching two stator discs and one rotor disc, as shown in fig. 13. The magnetic flux enters the stator from the N pole of the permanent magnet through the air gap, passes through the air gap after passing through a pole pitch along the circumferential direction of the yoke part of the stator, enters the S pole of the adjacent permanent magnet, and returns to the starting magnetic pole through a symmetrical path to form a closed magnetic circuit. The main magnetic flux directly passes through the permanent magnet along the axial direction, no circumferential path exists on the rotor, and the rotor part does not need to use ferromagnetic materials, so that the rotor is light in weight, and the motor has smaller rotational inertia. However, the motor with the structure has the defects of difficult regulation of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, small constant-power speed regulation range and the like.
For a permanent magnet synchronous motor, when the terminal voltage and the current of the motor reach the maximum values, the current is all direct-axis current components, and the influence of stator resistance is ignored, the ideal maximum rotating speed n when the motor adopts a common weak magnetic control strategy can be obtainedmax：
Electromagnetic torque T of motoreComprises the following steps:
Te＝p[ψfiq+(Ld-Lq)idiq] (2)
in the above formula, ulimIs a limit voltage, ilimIs limiting current, p is polar logarithm,. psifIs a permanent magnet flux linkage idAnd iqAre respectively cross-linked,Direct axis current, LdAnd LqRespectively an alternating-axis inductor and a direct-axis inductor.
In the torque expression (2), the right item 1 is a permanent magnet torque generated by the action of a permanent magnet and q-axis current; term 2 is the reluctance torque generated by the saliency effect. For the traditional permanent magnet synchronous motor, L is adoptedd＜LqTherefore, the reluctance torque and the permanent magnet torque are superimposed by the negative d-axis current to become a part of the output torque. The d-axis armature reaction flux due to the negative d-axis current is opposite in polarity to the permanent magnet, and irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnet may occur if attention is not paid.
In recent years, with the improvement of the performance of permanent magnet materials, rare earth permanent magnets with high coercive force and linear demagnetization curves are widely applied to the field of motors, so that the flux weakening control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor becomes possible, the speed regulation range of the motor is widened, and the efficiency of a speed regulation system is improved.
From equation (1), it can be seen that the main methods for increasing the maximum rotation speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor are:
(1) reducing flux linkage psif(ii) a (2) Increase ilim(ii) a (3) Increase Ld(ii) a (4) Increasing the limit voltage u of the motorlim(ii) a (5) A combination of the first four approaches was used.
If the limit voltage u of the motor is increasedlimAnd a limiting current ilimThe capacity of the inverter needs to be increased, thereby increasing the manufacturing cost of the system, which is generally undesirable. When the limit voltage and the limit current of the motor are fixed, the ideal maximum rotating speed of the motor mainly depends on the no-load permanent magnet flux linkage and the direct-axis synchronous inductance of the motor, and is not related to the quadrature-axis synchronous inductance.
As can be seen from equation (1), psifThe smaller the motor, the wider the field weakening speed regulation range is, but psifThe smaller the electromagnetic torque T, as can be seen from equation (2)eThe smaller will be. Therefore, the PMSM may not perform well unless the reluctance torque increases. The improvement of the saliency is very important to increase the torque. Considering LqIt is generally required to reduce L due to the limitation of magnetic saturation of the coredTo increaseAn electromagnetic torque. However, psi of the conventional permanent magnet synchronous motorfLarge, and LdIs smaller and therefore must be increased by a large amount by increasing IdTo operate the motor over a wide speed range, which increases the capacity of the inverter and reduces the efficiency of the drive system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor with three structures, aiming at solving the problems that the capacity of an inverter can be increased and the efficiency of a driving system is reduced when the traditional permanent magnet synchronous motor operates in a wider speed range.
An axial-field reverse-salient permanent-magnet synchronous motor of a first structure includes: the rotor and the two stators are coaxially arranged, the rotor is positioned between the two stators, air gaps are reserved between the rotor and the two stators,
the rotor comprises a circular base plate, 2p ring-sector-shaped magnetic pole unit embedding through holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the base plate are arranged on the base plate, the narrow sides of the ring sectors face the center of the base plate, a magnetic pole unit is embedded in each magnetic pole unit embedding through hole,
the magnetic pole unit comprises a magnetizer and 2k +1 permanent magnets, the outline of the magnetizer is the same as the inner outline of the embedding through hole of the magnetic pole unit, 2k +1 permanent magnet embedding through holes are uniformly arranged on the magnetizer along the circumferential direction, the 2k +1 permanent magnets are respectively embedded and fixed in the embedding through holes of the 2k +1 permanent magnets, the magnetizing directions of all the permanent magnets in the same magnetic pole unit are the same, the magnetizing directions of two adjacent magnetic pole units are opposite, the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets are axial,
p is the pole pair number and k is a positive integer.
An axial-magnetic-field reverse-salient-pole permanent magnet synchronous motor of a second structure includes: the rotor and the two stators are coaxially arranged, the rotor is positioned between the two stators, air gaps are reserved between the rotor and the two stators,
the rotor comprises a circular base plate, 2p ring-sector-shaped magnetic pole unit embedding through holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the base plate are arranged on the base plate, the narrow sides of the ring sectors face the center of the base plate, a magnetic pole unit is embedded in each magnetic pole unit embedding through hole,
the magnetic pole unit comprises a magnetizer and 2n permanent magnets, the outline of the magnetizer is the same as the inner outline of the embedding through hole of the magnetic pole unit, n permanent magnet embedding grooves are uniformly arranged on each side surface of the magnetizer along the circumferential direction, the permanent magnet embedding grooves on the two side surfaces are opposite to each other and are not communicated with each other, the 2n permanent magnets are respectively embedded and fixed in the 2n permanent magnet embedding grooves on the two side surfaces of the magnetizer, the magnetizing directions of all the permanent magnets in the same magnetic pole unit are the same, the magnetizing directions of the two adjacent magnetic pole units are opposite, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets are axial,
p is the pole pair number, n is 2k +1, and k is a positive integer.
An axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor of a third structure comprises: the rotor and the two stators are coaxially arranged, the rotor is positioned between the two stators, air gaps are reserved between the rotor and the two stators,
the rotor comprises a circular base disc, 2p grooves which are sunk towards the direction of an inner ring of the base disc are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the base disc, a magnetic pole unit is embedded in each groove,
the magnetic pole unit comprises a magnetizer and 2k +1 permanent magnets, the magnetizer is in a ring sector shape, the magnetizer is uniformly provided with 2k +1 permanent magnet embedding holes along the circumferential direction of the magnetizer, the 2k +1 permanent magnets are respectively embedded and fixed in the 2k +1 permanent magnet embedding holes, the magnetizing directions of all the permanent magnets in the same magnetic pole unit are the same, the magnetizing directions of two adjacent magnetic pole units are opposite, the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets are axial,
the circles of the outer arcs of all the magnetizers are superposed with the outer circle of the base plate, the magnetizers and the base plate are of an integral structure, p is the pole pair number, and k is a positive integer.
The stators of the motors with the three structures comprise annular stator cores, one side surface of each stator core is uniformly provided with a plurality of radial through grooves along the circumferential direction of the ring, a tooth is arranged between every two adjacent radial through grooves, a winding coil is wound on every other tooth, an effective edge of one winding coil is arranged in each radial through groove, and all the winding coils jointly form a set of integer-slot windings or fractional-slot windings,
the side surfaces of the two stator cores provided with the winding coils are oppositely arranged.
The stators of the motors with the three structures comprise annular stator cores, one side surface of each stator core is uniformly provided with a plurality of radial through grooves along the circumferential direction of the ring, each tooth is wound with a winding coil, the effective edges of two winding coils are arranged in each radial through groove, all the winding coils jointly form a set of fractional-groove windings,
the side surfaces of the two stator cores provided with the winding coils are oppositely arranged.
In the first or second structure motor, the stator comprises a circular stator core, one side surface of the stator core is provided with a plurality of winding coils, two adjacent winding coils are not contacted with each other, the effective edge of each winding coil corresponds to a radial through groove on one side surface of the stator core, all the winding coils jointly form a set of fractional-slot windings,
the side surfaces of the two stator cores provided with the winding coils are oppositely arranged.
In the first or second structure motor, the stator comprises a circular stator core, one side surface of the stator core is provided with a plurality of winding coils, two adjacent winding coils are mutually contacted, the effective edges of the two mutually contacted winding coils correspond to a radial through groove on one side surface of the stator core, all the winding coils jointly form a set of integer slot winding or fractional slot winding,
the side surfaces of the two stator cores provided with the winding coils are oppositely arranged.
In the third structural motor, the stator comprises two groups of stator windings, the stator windings are integer slot windings or fractional slot windings, the two groups of stator windings are respectively positioned at two sides of the rotor,
each group of stator windings comprises a plurality of winding coils which are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotor, the shaft of each winding coil is parallel to the shaft of the rotor, and the effective edges of two adjacent winding coils are mutually separated or mutually contacted.
The base disc materials of the motor rotors with the three structures are all non-magnetic materials.
In the first or second structure motor, the base disc material of the rotor is magnetic material, the magnetic pole unit and the base disc are of an integrated structure, and the axial thickness of the magnetic pole unit is larger than that of the base disc.
The residual magnetism or coercive force of the permanent magnet positioned at the middle of the magnetic pole units of the motor with the three structures is highest, and the residual magnetism or coercive force of the permanent magnets at the two sides of the magnetic pole units of the motor with the three structures is gradually reduced.
The thickness of the permanent magnet in the middle of the magnetic pole unit of the motor with the three structures and the width of the permanent magnet in the circumferential direction are the largest, and the thickness of the permanent magnet in the magnetization direction and the width of the permanent magnet in the circumferential direction on two sides of the magnetic pole unit of the motor with the three structures are gradually reduced.
The invention relates to an axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor suitable for weak magnetic speed regulation. Each stator consists of a stator core and a stator winding; the rotor is mainly composed of a base disc and a magnetic pole unit. The permanent magnet synchronous motor with the axial magnetic field and the reverse salient pole has the advantages of wide constant-power weak magnet speed regulation range, high structural strength of a rotor, small positioning torque of the motor, and high efficiency, power density and reliability. The invention has good application prospect in the fields of electric vehicle driving systems, electric main shaft systems, variable speed power generation and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor in a fourth embodiment;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the stator structure of fig. 1, wherein (a) is a perspective view and (b) is a plan view;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor in the fifth embodiment;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the stator structure of fig. 3, wherein (a) is a perspective view and (b) is a plan view;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a rotor according to embodiments one and two, wherein (a) is a perspective view and (b) is a plan view;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the rotor base plate of FIG. 5, wherein (a) is a perspective view and (b) is a plan view;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a magnetic pole unit;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a magnetizer according to a second embodiment;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a magnetizer according to a first embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a permanent magnet;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a rotor according to a third embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of the rotor base plate of FIG. 11;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional interrotor axial magnetic field permanent magnet synchronous motor in the background art.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: specifically describing the present embodiment with reference to fig. 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10, the axial-magnetic-field reverse-salient-pole permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the present embodiment includes: the rotor and the two stators are coaxially arranged, the rotor is positioned between the two stators, air gaps are reserved between the rotor and the two stators,
the rotor comprises a circular base plate, 2p ring-sector-shaped magnetic pole unit embedding through holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the base plate are arranged on the base plate, the narrow sides of the ring sectors face the center of the base plate, a magnetic pole unit is embedded in each magnetic pole unit embedding through hole,
the magnetic pole unit comprises a magnetizer and 2k +1 permanent magnets, the outline of the magnetizer is the same as the inner outline of the embedding through hole of the magnetic pole unit, 2k +1 permanent magnet embedding through holes are uniformly arranged on the magnetizer along the circumferential direction, the 2k +1 permanent magnets are respectively embedded and fixed in the embedding through holes of the 2k +1 permanent magnets, the magnetizing directions of all the permanent magnets in the same magnetic pole unit are the same, the magnetizing directions of two adjacent magnetic pole units are opposite, the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets are axial,
p is the pole pair number and k is a positive integer.
The second embodiment is as follows: specifically describing the present embodiment with reference to fig. 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10, the axial-magnetic-field reverse-salient-pole permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the present embodiment includes: the rotor and the two stators are coaxially arranged, the rotor is positioned between the two stators, air gaps are reserved between the rotor and the two stators,
the rotor comprises a circular base plate, 2p ring-sector-shaped magnetic pole unit embedding through holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the base plate are arranged on the base plate, the narrow sides of the ring sectors face the center of the base plate, a magnetic pole unit is embedded in each magnetic pole unit embedding through hole,
the magnetic pole unit comprises a magnetizer and 2n permanent magnets, the outline of the magnetizer is the same as the inner outline of the embedding through hole of the magnetic pole unit, n permanent magnet embedding grooves are uniformly arranged on each side surface of the magnetizer along the circumferential direction, the permanent magnet embedding grooves on the two side surfaces are opposite to each other and are not communicated with each other, the 2n permanent magnets are respectively embedded and fixed in the 2n permanent magnet embedding grooves on the two side surfaces of the magnetizer, the magnetizing directions of all the permanent magnets in the same magnetic pole unit are the same, the magnetizing directions of the two adjacent magnetic pole units are opposite, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets are axial,
p is the pole pair number, n is 2k +1, and k is a positive integer.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to fig. 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12, and the axial-magnetic-field reverse-salient-pole permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the present embodiment includes: the rotor and the two stators are coaxially arranged, the rotor is positioned between the two stators, air gaps are reserved between the rotor and the two stators,
the rotor comprises a circular base disc, 2p grooves which are sunk towards the direction of an inner ring of the base disc are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the base disc, a magnetic pole unit is embedded in each groove,
the magnetic pole unit comprises a magnetizer and 2k +1 permanent magnets, the magnetizer is in a ring sector shape, the magnetizer is uniformly provided with 2k +1 permanent magnet embedding holes along the circumferential direction of the magnetizer, the 2k +1 permanent magnets are respectively embedded and fixed in the 2k +1 permanent magnet embedding holes, the magnetizing directions of all the permanent magnets in the same magnetic pole unit are the same, the magnetizing directions of two adjacent magnetic pole units are opposite, the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets are axial,
the circles of the outer arcs of all the magnetizers are superposed with the outer circle of the base plate, the magnetizers and the base plate are of an integral structure, p is the pole pair number, and k is a positive integer.
In the embodiment, a magnetic bridge is arranged between each permanent magnet of each pole, so that the structural strength of the rotor can be improved, the direct-axis inductance can be increased, and the constant-power speed regulation range of the motor is expanded.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: in this embodiment, the stator includes a circular stator core, one side surface of the stator core is uniformly provided with a plurality of radial through grooves along the circumferential direction of the circular ring, a tooth is arranged between two adjacent radial through grooves, a winding coil is wound on every other tooth, an effective edge of a winding coil is arranged in each radial through groove, all the winding coils jointly form a set of integer slot winding or fractional slot winding, and the side surfaces of the two stator cores provided with the winding coils are arranged oppositely.
An axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor structure obtained by the embodiment in combination with the embodiment one or two is shown in fig. 1, and a stator thereof is shown in fig. 2. In this embodiment, the rotor has a 10-pole structure.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is a further description of the axial magnetic field reverse-salient permanent magnet synchronous motor described in the first, second, or third embodiment, and the difference between the present embodiment and the fourth embodiment is that the stator includes a circular stator core, one side surface of the stator core is uniformly provided with a plurality of radial through slots along the circumferential direction of the circular ring, each tooth is wound with a winding coil, each radial through slot is provided with an effective edge of two winding coils, all the winding coils together form a set of fractional slot windings, and the side surfaces of the two stator cores provided with the winding coils are arranged oppositely.
An axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor structure obtained by the embodiment in combination with the embodiment one or two is shown in fig. 3, and a stator thereof is shown in fig. 4.
The sixth specific implementation mode: in this embodiment, the stator includes a circular stator core, one side of the stator core is provided with a plurality of winding coils, two adjacent winding coils are not in contact with each other, an effective edge of each winding coil corresponds to one radial through groove on one side of the stator core, all the winding coils jointly form a set of fractional-slot windings, and the sides of the two stator cores provided with the winding coils are arranged oppositely.
The seventh embodiment: the present embodiment is a further description of the axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the first or second embodiment, and the difference between the present embodiment and the sixth embodiment is that two adjacent winding coils are in contact with each other, the effective edges of the two winding coils in contact with each other correspond to a radial through groove on one side surface of the stator core, and all the winding coils together form a set of integer slot windings or fractional slot windings.
The specific implementation mode is eight: in this embodiment, the stator includes two sets of stator windings, the stator windings are integer slot windings or fractional slot windings, the two sets of stator windings are respectively located on two sides of the rotor,
each group of stator windings comprises a plurality of winding coils which are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotor, the shaft of each winding coil is parallel to the shaft of the rotor, and the effective edges of two adjacent winding coils are mutually separated or mutually contacted.
The specific implementation method nine: in this embodiment, the axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the first, second, or third embodiment is further described, and in this embodiment, the base plate material of the rotor is a non-magnetic material.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: in this embodiment, the base plate of the rotor is made of a magnetic material, the magnetic pole units and the base plate are of an integrated structure, and the axial thickness of the magnetic pole units is greater than that of the base plate.
The concrete implementation mode eleven: in this embodiment, the remanence or coercivity of the permanent magnet located at the middle of the magnetic pole unit is the highest, and the remanence or coercivity of the permanent magnets at both sides of the magnetic pole unit is gradually reduced.
The specific implementation mode twelve: in this embodiment, the thickness of the permanent magnet in the magnetization direction and the width in the circumferential direction at the center of the magnetic pole unit are the largest, and the thickness of the permanent magnet in the magnetization direction and the width in the circumferential direction at both sides thereof are gradually reduced.
Claims (12)
1. An axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor comprising: the rotor and the two stators are coaxially arranged, the rotor is positioned between the two stators, air gaps are reserved between the rotor and the two stators,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the rotor comprises a circular base plate, 2p ring-sector-shaped magnetic pole unit embedding through holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the base plate are arranged on the base plate, the narrow sides of the ring sectors face the center of the base plate, a magnetic pole unit is embedded in each magnetic pole unit embedding through hole,
the magnetic pole unit comprises a magnetizer and 2k +1 permanent magnets, the outline of the magnetizer is the same as the inner outline of the embedding through hole of the magnetic pole unit, 2k +1 permanent magnet embedding through holes are uniformly arranged on the magnetizer along the circumferential direction, the 2k +1 permanent magnets are respectively embedded and fixed in the embedding through holes of the 2k +1 permanent magnets, the magnetizing directions of all the permanent magnets in the same magnetic pole unit are the same, the magnetizing directions of two adjacent magnetic pole units are opposite, the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets are axial,
p is the pole pair number and k is a positive integer.
2. An axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor comprising: the rotor and the two stators are coaxially arranged, the rotor is positioned between the two stators, air gaps are reserved between the rotor and the two stators,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the rotor comprises a circular base plate, 2p ring-sector-shaped magnetic pole unit embedding through holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the base plate are arranged on the base plate, the narrow sides of the ring sectors face the center of the base plate, a magnetic pole unit is embedded in each magnetic pole unit embedding through hole,
the magnetic pole unit comprises a magnetizer and 2n permanent magnets, the outline of the magnetizer is the same as the inner outline of the embedding through hole of the magnetic pole unit, n permanent magnet embedding grooves are uniformly arranged on each side surface of the magnetizer along the circumferential direction, the permanent magnet embedding grooves on the two side surfaces are opposite to each other and are not communicated with each other, the 2n permanent magnets are respectively embedded and fixed in the 2n permanent magnet embedding grooves on the two side surfaces of the magnetizer, the magnetizing directions of all the permanent magnets in the same magnetic pole unit are the same, the magnetizing directions of the two adjacent magnetic pole units are opposite, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets are axial,
p is the pole pair number, n is 2k +1, and k is a positive integer.
3. An axial magnetic field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor comprising: the rotor and the two stators are coaxially arranged, the rotor is positioned between the two stators, air gaps are reserved between the rotor and the two stators,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the rotor comprises a circular base disc, 2p grooves which are sunk towards the direction of an inner ring of the base disc are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the base disc, a magnetic pole unit is embedded in each groove,
the magnetic pole unit comprises a magnetizer and 2k +1 permanent magnets, the magnetizer is in a ring sector shape, the magnetizer is uniformly provided with 2k +1 permanent magnet embedding holes along the circumferential direction of the magnetizer, the 2k +1 permanent magnets are respectively embedded and fixed in the 2k +1 permanent magnet embedding holes, the magnetizing directions of all the permanent magnets in the same magnetic pole unit are the same, the magnetizing directions of two adjacent magnetic pole units are opposite, the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets are axial,
the circles of the outer arcs of all the magnetizers are superposed with the outer circle of the base plate, the magnetizers and the base plate are of an integral structure, p is the pole pair number, and k is a positive integer.
4. The axial-field reversed-salient-pole permanent-magnet synchronous machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the stator comprises a circular stator core, one side surface of the stator core is uniformly provided with a plurality of radial through grooves along the circumferential direction of the circular stator core, a tooth is arranged between every two adjacent radial through grooves, a winding coil is wound on every other tooth, each radial through groove is provided with an effective edge of the winding coil, all the winding coils jointly form an integer-slot winding or a fractional-slot winding,
the side surfaces of the two stator cores provided with the winding coils are oppositely arranged.
5. The axial-field, reverse-salient pole permanent-magnet synchronous machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the stator comprises a circular stator core, one side surface of the stator core is uniformly provided with a plurality of radial through slots along the circumferential direction of the circular stator core, each tooth is wound with a winding coil, each radial through slot is provided with two effective sides of the winding coil, all the winding coils together form a set of fractional-slot windings,
the side surfaces of the two stator cores provided with the winding coils are oppositely arranged.
6. An axial field anti-salient pole permanent magnet synchronous machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the stator comprises a circular stator core, a plurality of winding coils are arranged on one side surface of the stator core, two adjacent winding coils are not in contact with each other, an effective edge of each winding coil corresponds to a radial through slot on one side surface of the stator core, all the winding coils together form a set of fractional slot windings,
the side surfaces of the two stator cores provided with the winding coils are oppositely arranged.
7. The axial-field, reverse-salient pole permanent-magnet synchronous machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the stator comprises a circular stator core, a plurality of winding coils are provided on one side surface of the stator core, two adjacent winding coils are in contact with each other, an effective edge of the two winding coils in contact with each other corresponds to a radial through slot on one side surface of the stator core, all the winding coils together form a set of integer slot windings or fractional slot windings,
the side surfaces of the two stator cores provided with the winding coils are oppositely arranged.
8. The axial field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous machine according to claim 3, wherein the stator comprises two sets of stator windings, the stator windings being integer slot windings or fractional slot windings, the two sets of stator windings being respectively located on both sides of the rotor,
each group of stator windings comprises a plurality of winding coils which are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotor, the shaft of each winding coil is parallel to the shaft of the rotor, and the effective edges of two adjacent winding coils are mutually separated or mutually contacted.
9. The axial field reverse salient pole permanent magnet synchronous machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the base material of the rotor is a non-magnetic material.
10. The axial-magnetic-field reverse-salient-pole permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the base plates of the rotor are made of magnetic materials, the magnetic pole units and the base plates are of an integrated structure, and the axial thickness of the magnetic pole units is larger than that of the base plates.
11. The axial-field, reverse-salient permanent-magnet synchronous machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the remanence or coercivity of the permanent magnet located at the center in the pole unit is highest, and the remanence or coercivity of the permanent magnets on both sides thereof is gradually reduced.
12. The axial-field, reverse-salient pole permanent-magnet synchronous machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the thickness of the permanent magnet magnetization direction and the width in the circumferential direction in the magnetic pole unit located at the center are largest, and the thickness of the permanent magnet magnetization direction and the width in the circumferential direction on both sides thereof are gradually reduced.
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