CN110627047A - 石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶的制备方法,其是将羧酸化碳纳米管和氧化石墨烯混合后,加入十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、去离子水,超声均匀后得到混合液;往混合液中加入噻吩、正辛烷和硝酸镍,进行一次水热反应;将得到的水凝胶放入KNO3溶液中,进行二次水热反应,冷却后再经过滤、洗涤和冷冻干燥;在氩气气氛中热裂解,制得石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶。本发明在石墨烯层片之间插入碳纳米管,通过自组装形成三维多孔纳米结构网络,并且以噻吩作为二硫化镍的硫源和三维多孔纳米结构网络的交联促进剂,硝酸镍作为二硫化镍的镍源,从而提高材料的电化学性能,该材料有望应用于超级电容器中电极材料的制备。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电极材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶的制备方法。
背景技术
在所有碳材料中,如碳纳米管、纳米纤维、多孔碳、空心纳米球、碳胶囊、石墨烯纳米片、石墨烯纳米带及其复合材料中,石墨烯由于其非凡的电子和机械性能而优于其他碳材料。虽然石墨烯在超级电容器中已经取得了相当大的进展,但性能仍然差强人意。这是因为石墨烯层之间的强范德华力和π-π叠层相互作用使得它们容易聚集形成石墨状结构,从而导致有效比表面积的损失,比电容降低。因此,为了充分利用石墨烯的电化学性能,必须有效抑制其自堆叠问题。
在专利“一种N和S双掺杂石墨烯/碳纳米管气凝胶的制备方法”(ZL201810841339.2)中,通过在石墨烯层片之间插入碳纳米管,有助于提高石墨烯层的导电性,并且碳纳米管也可作为间隔物以防止石墨烯层的聚集;且N和S的双掺杂进一步增强了碳材料的反应性和导电性,相比于单一的N或S掺杂材料,通过引入更多的活性位点,提高了其电化学性能。然而,这种N、S双掺杂的石墨烯/碳纳米管气凝胶,仍然还存在着比电容较低的缺点,需要进一步地改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术不足,提供一种石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶的制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将1 g 多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)加入到80 mL浓HNO3中,随后在120℃油浴锅中冷凝回流12 h,将得到的黑色混合物反复洗涤抽滤至pH=7,取滤渣即得羧酸化碳纳米管;
(2)将石墨与浓硫酸/浓磷酸体系(9:1,v/v)均匀混合后,缓慢加入高锰酸钾,均匀搅拌0.5h后,在50℃水浴中搅拌12h,缓慢加入去离子水,并保持温度低于100℃,逐滴加入5wt%的双氧水,当混合溶液变成金黄色时,加入盐酸,反应5分钟后,用去离子水洗涤至中性,并用BaCl2检测有无SO4 2-残留,随后冷冻干燥24h制得氧化石墨粉末;将制得的氧化石墨粉末加入到去离子水中,超声1h,然后于2000r/min的转速下离心10min,去除下层沉淀物,取上层液,于0℃下冷冻12h后,置于冷冻干燥机中冷冻干燥36h,即制得氧化石墨烯;
(3)将0.1g步骤(1)制得的羧酸化碳纳米管、0.1g步骤(2)制得的氧化石墨烯和1g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵混合后,加入100mL去离子水,超声使其混合均匀后得到混合液;
(4)往步骤(3)得到的混合液中加入0.6g噻吩、50mL正辛烷和0.4g硝酸镍,进行一次水热反应,反应温度为160~180℃,反应时间为4~6h,得到水凝胶;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的水凝胶放入浓度为2mol/L的KNO3溶液中,进行二次水热反应,反应温度为120~140℃,反应时间为2~3h,冷却至室温后,再进行过滤、洗涤和冷冻干燥;
(6)将步骤(5)冷冻干燥后所得产物在氩气气氛中于1050~1100℃下热裂解2h,制得所述石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶。
所制得的石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶可用于超级电容器电极材料中,其应用具体步骤为:将石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶、乙炔黑、聚四氟乙烯乳液按照质量比90:5:5加入同一称量瓶中,搅拌混合均匀并用电吹风将样品吹至糊状,以泡沫镍为集流体,将糊状材料涂覆到泡沫镍上,在120℃下真空干燥24h,最终制得所需电极。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明在石墨烯层片之间插入碳纳米管,通过自组装形成三维多孔纳米结构网络,为电荷转移反应提供了大的电极/电解质接触面积,缩短了离子输运长度,从而提高了电化学性能;
(2)本发明以噻吩作为二硫化镍的硫源及三维多孔纳米结构网络的交联促进剂,以硝酸镍作为二硫化镍的镍源,制得的石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶的比电容大大提高。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所述的内容更加便于理解,下面结合具体实施方式对本发明所述的技术方案做进一步的说明,但是本发明不仅限于此。
实施例1
一种石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将1 g 多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)加入到80 mL浓HNO3中,随后在120℃油浴锅中冷凝回流12 h,将得到的黑色混合物反复洗涤抽滤至pH=7,取滤渣即得羧酸化碳纳米管;
(2)将石墨与浓硫酸/浓磷酸体系(9:1,v/v)均匀混合后,缓慢加入高锰酸钾,均匀搅拌0.5h后,在50℃水浴中搅拌12h,缓慢加入去离子水,并保持温度低于100℃,逐滴加入5wt%的双氧水,当混合溶液变成金黄色时,加入盐酸,反应5分钟后,用去离子水洗涤至中性,并用BaCl2检测有无SO4 2-残留,随后冷冻干燥24h制得氧化石墨粉末;将制得的氧化石墨粉末加入到去离子水中,超声1h,然后于2000r/min的转速下离心10min,去除下层沉淀物,取上层液,于0℃下冷冻12h后,置于冷冻干燥机中冷冻干燥36h,即制得氧化石墨烯;
(3)将0.1g步骤(1)制得的羧酸化碳纳米管、0.1g步骤(2)制得的氧化石墨烯和1g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵混合后,加入100mL去离子水,超声使其混合均匀后得到混合液;
(4)往步骤(3)得到的混合液中加入0.6g噻吩、50mL正辛烷和0.4g硝酸镍,进行一次水热反应,反应温度为160℃,反应时间为6h,得到水凝胶;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的水凝胶放入浓度为2mol/L的KNO3溶液中,进行二次水热反应,反应温度为120℃,反应时间为3h,冷却至室温后,再进行过滤、洗涤和冷冻干燥;
(6)将步骤(5)冷冻干燥后所得产物在氩气气氛中于1050℃下热裂解2h,制得所述石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶。
实施例2
一种石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将1 g 多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)加入到80 mL浓HNO3中,随后在120℃油浴锅中冷凝回流12 h,将得到的黑色混合物反复洗涤抽滤至pH=7,取滤渣即得羧酸化碳纳米管;
(2)将石墨与浓硫酸/浓磷酸体系(9:1,v/v)均匀混合后,缓慢加入高锰酸钾,均匀搅拌0.5h后,在50℃水浴中搅拌12h,缓慢加入去离子水,并保持温度低于100℃,逐滴加入5wt%的双氧水,当混合溶液变成金黄色时,加入盐酸,反应5分钟后,用去离子水洗涤至中性,并用BaCl2检测有无SO4 2-残留,随后冷冻干燥24h制得氧化石墨粉末;将制得的氧化石墨粉末加入到去离子水中,超声1h,然后于2000r/min的转速下离心10min,去除下层沉淀物,取上层液,于0℃下冷冻12h后,置于冷冻干燥机中冷冻干燥36h,即制得氧化石墨烯;
(3)将0.1g步骤(1)制得的羧酸化碳纳米管、0.1g步骤(2)制得的氧化石墨烯和1g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵混合后,加入100mL去离子水,超声使其混合均匀后得到混合液;
(4)往步骤(3)得到的混合液中加入0.6g噻吩、50mL正辛烷和0.4g硝酸镍,进行一次水热反应,反应温度为180℃,反应时间为4h,得到水凝胶;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的水凝胶放入浓度为2mol/L的KNO3溶液中,进行二次水热反应,反应温度为140℃,反应时间为2h,冷却至室温后,再进行过滤、洗涤和冷冻干燥;
(6)将步骤(5)冷冻干燥后所得产物在氩气气氛中于1100℃下热裂解2h,制得所述石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶。
实施例3
一种石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将1 g 多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)加入到80 mL浓HNO3中,随后在120℃油浴锅中冷凝回流12 h,将得到的黑色混合物反复洗涤抽滤至pH=7,取滤渣即得羧酸化碳纳米管;
(2)将石墨与浓硫酸/浓磷酸体系(9:1,v/v)均匀混合后,缓慢加入高锰酸钾,均匀搅拌0.5h后,在50℃水浴中搅拌12h,缓慢加入去离子水,并保持温度低于100℃,逐滴加入5wt%的双氧水,当混合溶液变成金黄色时,加入盐酸,反应5分钟后,用去离子水洗涤至中性,并用BaCl2检测有无SO4 2-残留,随后冷冻干燥24h制得氧化石墨粉末;将制得的氧化石墨粉末加入到去离子水中,超声1h,然后于2000r/min的转速下离心10min,去除下层沉淀物,取上层液,于0℃下冷冻12h后,置于冷冻干燥机中冷冻干燥36h,即制得氧化石墨烯;
(3)将0.1g步骤(1)制得的羧酸化碳纳米管、0.1g步骤(2)制得的氧化石墨烯和1g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵混合后,加入100mL去离子水,超声使其混合均匀后得到混合液;
(4)往步骤(3)得到的混合液中加入0.6g噻吩、50mL正辛烷和0.4g硝酸镍,进行一次水热反应,反应温度为170℃,反应时间为5h,得到水凝胶;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的水凝胶放入浓度为2mol/L的KNO3溶液中,进行二次水热反应,反应温度为130℃,反应时间为2.5h,冷却至室温后,再进行过滤、洗涤和冷冻干燥;
(6)将步骤(5)冷冻干燥后所得产物在氩气气氛中于1075℃下热裂解2h,制得所述石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶。
对比例
采用0.23g硫粉替换实施例3步骤(4)中所用0.6g噻吩,其余操作同实施例3。
将上述制得的石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶用于制备超级电容器的电极材料中,其应用具体步骤为:将石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶、乙炔黑、聚四氟乙烯乳液按照质量比90:5:5加入同一称量瓶中,搅拌混合均匀并用电吹风将样品吹至糊状,以泡沫镍为集流体,将糊状材料涂覆到泡沫镍上,在120℃下真空干燥24h,最终制得所需电极。
将制得的电极进行密度、比表面积以及电化学性能测试,结果如表1所示。
表1 气凝胶电极的各项性能
由表1可见,与采用硫粉相比,以噻吩作为二硫化镍的硫源,由于还可起到三维多孔纳米结构网络交联促进剂的作用,能使制得的石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶具有优异的比电容和导电率。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)将0.1g羧酸化碳纳米管、0.1g氧化石墨烯和1g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵混合后,加入100mL去离子水,超声使其混合均匀后得到混合液;
(2)往步骤(1)得到的混合液中加入0.6g噻吩、50mL正辛烷和0.4g硝酸镍,进行一次水热反应,反应温度为160~180℃,反应时间为4~6h,得到水凝胶;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的水凝胶放入浓度为2mol/L的KNO3溶液中,进行二次水热反应,反应温度为120~140℃,反应时间为2~3h,冷却至室温后,再进行过滤、洗涤和冷冻干燥;
(4)将步骤(3)冷冻干燥后所得产物在氩气气氛中热裂解,制得所述石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述羧酸化碳纳米管的制备方法为:将1g多壁碳纳米管加入到80mL浓HNO3中,随后在120℃油浴锅中冷凝回流12h,将得到的黑色混合物反复洗涤抽滤至pH=7,取滤渣。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(6)中,所述热裂解的条件为:裂解温度为1050~1100℃,裂解时间为2h。
4.一种如权利要求1-3任一项所述制备方法制得的石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶在超级电容器电极材料中的应用,其特征在于:将石墨烯/碳纳米管/二硫化镍复合气凝胶、乙炔黑、聚四氟乙烯乳液按照质量比90:5:5搅拌混合均匀,并用电吹风将样品吹至糊状,以泡沫镍为集流体,将糊状材料涂覆到泡沫镍上,在120℃下真空干燥24h,最终制得所需电极。
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