CN110626011A - 一种热防护板 - Google Patents
一种热防护板 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110626011A CN110626011A CN201910859585.5A CN201910859585A CN110626011A CN 110626011 A CN110626011 A CN 110626011A CN 201910859585 A CN201910859585 A CN 201910859585A CN 110626011 A CN110626011 A CN 110626011A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- aerogel
- heat insulation
- inner panel
- fiber reinforced
- bolt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011226 reinforced ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004965 Silica aerogel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Zr] Chemical group [C].[Zr] OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VWZIXVXBCBBRGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;zirconium Chemical group B#[Zr]#B VWZIXVXBCBBRGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MELCCCHYSRGEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium diboride Chemical group [Hf]1B=B1 MELCCCHYSRGEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WHJFNYXPKGDKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium;methane Chemical group C.[Hf] WHJFNYXPKGDKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 14
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OJMOMXZKOWKUTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;borate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-]B([O-])[O-] OJMOMXZKOWKUTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000784 Nomex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910007948 ZrB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910026551 ZrC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009422 external insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004763 nomex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/38—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising epoxy resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
- B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B9/045—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/52—Protection, safety or emergency devices; Survival aids
- B64G1/58—Thermal protection, e.g. heat shields
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B33/00—Features common to bolt and nut
- F16B33/004—Sealing; Insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B43/00—Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts
- F16B43/001—Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts for sealing or insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
- F16B5/02—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread
- F16B5/025—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread specially designed to compensate for misalignement or to eliminate unwanted play
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/304—Insulating
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Critical Care (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于热防护系统技术领域，公开一种热防护板。由外至内依次包括盖板、隔热层、内面板，自盖板向内面板方向贯穿设置有螺栓，螺栓的末端延伸出内面板内壁并用螺母固定；内面板内壁上在螺栓和螺母所处位置的外周设有气凝胶隔热罩；所述盖板为碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料盖板；所述隔热层为气凝胶毡层；所述内面板为树脂基复合材料内面板；所述螺栓为碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料螺栓，所述螺母为碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料螺母。本发明热防护板性能优异，能够满足飞行器表面温度在900℃以下的范围内使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属热防护系统技术领域，具体涉及一种热防护板。
背景技术
热防护系统 ( Thermal Pro tection System，TPS)，是用来保护空间飞行器在气动加热环境中免遭烧毁和过热的结构，在新型动力系统和载入式飞行器、空间探测飞行器、临近空间飞行器、重复使用运载器等飞行器中具有不可低估的作用，其性能与可靠性是相关动力系统和飞行器先进性与可靠性的决定因素之一。到目前为止，有两种类型的热防护系统：烧蚀防热系统及可重复使用热防护系统。烧蚀防热，其机理是利用防热材料在高温下热解后的气化产物对边界的质量引射效应来散热；其最大的优点是安全可靠，适应外部加热变化的能力强，并可承受高热流；其缺点是一次性使用，并会发生烧蚀变形。而可重复使用热防护系统在起飞及载入过程中不发生相变及质量的丢失，同时还能起到承载作用，保护机体内的设备及燃料免受微流星体和空间碎片撞击，在雷雨等恶劣天气也能够安全地完成飞行任务。
随着高超声速飞行器飞行速度的不断提高，服役环境越来越恶劣，飞行器的热防护问题成为限制飞行器发展的瓶颈。早期的热防护系统主要是柔性热防护系统，简称为AFEI(Advanced Flexible External Insulation)，其材料主要应满足轻质、柔性、可折叠、耐高温。接着是刚性陶瓷防热瓦体系，由陶瓷瓦、Nomex柔性应变隔离垫 (SIP)和室温固化硅胶(RTV)组成。陶瓷防热瓦主要应用于机身机翼下表面温度为 600~1260℃的较高温区。目前比较受欢迎的是金属热防护系统，金属TPS能承受 982~1093℃高温，内部防热材料防止热气流进入蒙皮结构，构成TPS结构整体，这种热防护系统其外层结构为耐高温合金，具有一定的强度和刚度，除了能够有效地起到隔热作用外，还能够承受一定的外载冲击。
从热防护系统的材料的发展过程来看，材料由柔性向刚性转化，这表示可重复使用热防护系统正在从单一的防热作用向多用途过渡。金属热防护系统是目前最常用的热防护结构，但是，金属盖板除了过热能力差、热膨胀变形拱曲导致面层过早地从层流转变为紊流以及设计制造工艺复杂、难于进行检验与质量监控之外，还存在非催化涂层的附着稳定性问题，此外，金属的热膨胀系数大，当其遭受大的温度梯度时，有可能发生热应力疲劳破坏。因此，对高效热防护系统的研究一直是行业内迫切需要解决的难题。
发明内容
本发明的目的旨在提供一种热防护板。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供三种技术方案，具体如下：
方案①：一种热防护板，由外至内依次包括盖板、隔热层、内面板，自盖板向内面板方向贯穿设置有螺栓，螺栓的末端延伸出内面板内壁并用螺母固定；内面板内壁上在螺栓和螺母所处位置的外周设有气凝胶隔热罩；
所述盖板为碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料盖板；所述隔热层为气凝胶毡层；所述内面板为树脂基复合材料内面板；所述螺栓为碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料螺栓，所述螺母为碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料螺母。
进一步地，内面板和螺母之间设置有弹簧垫片。
较好地，所述碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料盖板为编织结构碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料盖板；所述碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料螺栓为编织结构碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料螺栓；所述碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料螺母为编织结构碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料螺母；所述树脂基复合材料内面板为纤维增强树脂基复合材料内面板；所述气凝胶毡层为聚氨酯气凝胶毡层、聚酰亚胺气凝胶毡层或二氧化硅气凝胶毡层；所述气凝胶隔热罩为聚氨酯气凝胶隔热罩、聚酰亚胺气凝胶隔热罩或二氧化硅气凝胶隔热罩。
更好地，所述纤维增强树脂基复合材料内面板为玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料内面板、碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料内面板、氧化铝纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料内面板、氧化硅纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料内面板、硼酸铝纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料内面板、玻璃纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料内面板、碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料内面板、氧化铝纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料内面板、氧化硅纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料内面板、硼酸铝纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料内面板、玻璃纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合材料内面板、碳纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合材料内面板、氧化铝纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合材料内面板、氧化硅纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合材料内面板或硼酸铝纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合材料内面板。
方案②：在方案①的基础上，进一步增加下述结构：内面板与螺母之间的螺栓上套设有第一气凝胶隔热垫；位于内面板内部的螺栓上套设有气凝胶隔热环。
较好地，所述第一气凝胶隔热垫为聚氨酯气凝胶隔热垫、聚酰亚胺气凝胶隔热垫或二氧化硅气凝胶隔热垫；所述气凝胶隔热环为聚氨酯气凝胶隔热环、聚酰亚胺气凝胶隔热环或二氧化硅气凝胶隔热环。
方案③：在方案②的基础上，进一步增加下述结构：位于隔热层内部的螺栓自其靠近内面板的一端向另一端依次套设有第二气凝胶隔热垫、陶瓷环。
较好地，所述第二气凝胶隔热垫为聚氨酯气凝胶隔热垫、聚酰亚胺气凝胶隔热垫或二氧化硅气凝胶隔热垫；所述陶瓷环为氧化锆环、碳化锆环、二硼化锆环、碳化铪环或二硼化铪环。
方案②和③中，进一步优选第一气凝胶隔热垫和螺母之间设置有弹簧垫片。
方案①、②和③中，进一步优选气凝胶隔热罩与内面板之间采用耐热温度不低于1000 ℃的高温胶粘接。所述高温胶更优选无机高温胶。
方案①、②和③中，进一步优选盖板的外表面设置有SiC涂层。
本发明中涉及的材料，比如（编织结构）碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料、高温胶、聚氨酯气凝胶、聚酰亚胺气凝胶、二氧化硅气凝胶、玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料、碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料、氧化铝纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料、氧化硅纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料、硼酸铝纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料、玻璃纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料、碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料、氧化铝纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料、氧化硅纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料、硼酸铝纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料、玻璃纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合材料、碳纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合材料、氧化铝纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合材料、氧化硅纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合材料、硼酸铝纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合材料、氧化锆、碳化锆、二硼化锆、碳化铪、二硼化铪，均为已知产品，均可通过市购获得或者按现有制备方法制备获得。
本发明热防护板在具体使用时，需要多个热防护板拼接成与飞行器形状相适配的形状，拼接缝之间可以使用Cf/SiC螺栓和Cf/SiC螺母进行连接固定。
有益效果：本发明采用Cf/SiC板作为盖板，其具有高的抗氧化和层间剪切强度；采用气凝胶毡作为隔热层，利用气凝胶独有的特性使其具有优异的隔热性能，有效地保证舱段内所需的控温温度；内面板采用树脂基复合材料，其界面性能良好，且能够长期在安全温度范围内使用；本发明在螺栓与内面板之间设置气凝胶隔热环，在螺母与内面板之间设置第一气凝胶隔热垫，防止内面板过热，同时采用气凝胶隔热罩对螺栓和螺母整体包裹，进一步防止热量通过螺栓传递到舱内；本发明在盖板和内面板之间设置陶瓷环，能够避免因隔热层柔韧性变形时对盖板和内面板之间平行度的影响，同时为了避免陶瓷环对内面板的热破坏，在陶瓷环与内面板之间增加第二气凝胶隔热垫，保证良好隔热性能的同时保证其结构完整性；本发明得到的热防护板性能优异，能够满足飞行器表面温度在900℃以下的范围内使用，保证内部的温度在要求的范围内；本发明对飞行器用热防护系统的研究具有重要的推动作用。
附图说明
图1：本发明实施方式一的结构示意图；
图2：本发明实施方式二的结构示意图；
图3：本发明实施方式三的结构示意图；
1-盖板，2-隔热层，3-内面板，4-螺栓，5-螺母，6-弹簧垫片，7-气凝胶隔热罩，81-第一气凝胶隔热垫，82-第二气凝胶隔热垫，9-气凝胶隔热环，10-陶瓷环。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步详细、清楚地描述，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。
实施例1
如图1所示，一种热防护板，由外至内依次包括盖板1、隔热层2、内面板3，所述盖板1的外表面设置有SiC涂层（未示出），自盖板1向内面板3方向贯穿设置有螺栓4，螺栓4的末端延伸出内面板3内壁并用螺母5固定，内面板3和螺母5之间设置有弹簧垫片6；内面板3内壁上在螺栓4和螺母5所处位置的外周设有气凝胶隔热罩7，气凝胶隔热罩7与内面板3之间采用耐热温度不低于1000 ℃的无机高温胶粘接；
其中，所述盖板1为编织结构碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料盖板；所述隔热层2为二氧化硅气凝胶毡层；所述内面板3为玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料内面板；所述螺栓4为编织结构碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料螺栓，所述螺母5为编织结构碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料螺母；所述气凝胶隔热罩7为二氧化硅气凝胶隔热罩。
实施例2
如图2所示，一种热防护板，由外至内依次包括盖板1、隔热层2、内面板3，所述盖板1的外表面设置有SiC涂层（未示出），自盖板1向内面板3方向贯穿设置有螺栓4，螺栓4的末端延伸出内面板3内壁并用螺母5固定，内面板3内壁上在螺栓4和螺母5所处位置的外周设有气凝胶隔热罩7，气凝胶隔热罩7与内面板3之间采用耐热温度不低于1000 ℃的无机高温胶粘接；内面板3与螺母5之间的螺栓4上套设有第一气凝胶隔热垫81，第一气凝胶隔热垫81和螺母5之间设置有弹簧垫片6；位于内面板3内部的螺栓4外部自其远离隔热层2的一端向另一端套设有一段气凝胶隔热环9；
其中，所述盖板1为编织结构碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料盖板；所述隔热层2为二氧化硅气凝胶毡层；所述内面板3为玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料内面板；所述螺栓4为编织结构碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料螺栓，所述螺母5为编织结构碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料螺母；所述气凝胶隔热罩7为二氧化硅气凝胶隔热罩；所述第一气凝胶隔热垫81为二氧化硅气凝胶隔热垫；所述气凝胶隔热环9为二氧化硅气凝胶隔热环。
实施例3
如图3所示，一种热防护板，由外至内依次包括盖板1、隔热层2、内面板3，所述盖板1的外表面设置有SiC涂层（未示出），自盖板1向内面板3方向贯穿设置有螺栓4，螺栓4的末端延伸出内面板3内壁并用螺母5固定，内面板3内壁上在螺栓4和螺母5所处位置的外周设有气凝胶隔热罩7，气凝胶隔热罩7与内面板3之间采用耐热温度不低于1000 ℃的无机高温胶粘接；内面板3与螺母5之间的螺栓4上套设有第一气凝胶隔热垫81，第一气凝胶隔热垫81和螺母5之间设置有弹簧垫片6；位于内面板3内部的螺栓4上套设有气凝胶隔热环9；位于隔热层2内部的螺栓4自其靠近内面板3的一端向另一端依次套设有第二气凝胶隔热垫82、氧化锆环10；
其中，所述盖板1为编织结构碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料盖板；所述隔热层2为二氧化硅气凝胶毡层；所述内面板3为玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料内面板；所述螺栓4为编织结构碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料螺栓，所述螺母5为编织结构碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料螺母；所述气凝胶隔热罩7为二氧化硅气凝胶隔热罩；所述第一气凝胶隔热垫81和第二气凝胶隔热垫82均为二氧化硅气凝胶隔热垫；所述气凝胶隔热环9为二氧化硅气凝胶隔热环；所述陶瓷环10为氧化锆环。
Claims (10)
1.一种热防护板，其特征在于：由外至内依次包括盖板、隔热层、内面板，自盖板向内面板方向贯穿设置有螺栓，螺栓的末端延伸出内面板内壁并用螺母固定；内面板内壁上在螺栓和螺母所处位置的外周设有气凝胶隔热罩；
所述盖板为碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料盖板；所述隔热层为气凝胶毡层；所述内面板为树脂基复合材料内面板；所述螺栓为碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料螺栓，所述螺母为碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料螺母。
2.如权利要求1所述的热防护板，其特征在于：内面板和螺母之间设置有弹簧垫片。
3.如权利要求1所述的热防护板，其特征在于：所述碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料盖板为编织结构碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料盖板；所述碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料螺栓为编织结构碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料螺栓；所述碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料螺母为编织结构碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料螺母；所述树脂基复合材料内面板为纤维增强树脂基复合材料内面板；所述气凝胶毡层为聚氨酯气凝胶毡层、聚酰亚胺气凝胶毡层或二氧化硅气凝胶毡层；所述气凝胶隔热罩为聚氨酯气凝胶隔热罩、聚酰亚胺气凝胶隔热罩或二氧化硅气凝胶隔热罩。
4.如权利要求1所述的热防护板，其特征在于：内面板与螺母之间的螺栓上套设有第一气凝胶隔热垫；位于内面板内部的螺栓上套设有气凝胶隔热环。
5.如权利要求4所述的热防护板，其特征在于：所述第一气凝胶隔热垫为聚氨酯气凝胶隔热垫、聚酰亚胺气凝胶隔热垫或二氧化硅气凝胶隔热垫；所述气凝胶隔热环为聚氨酯气凝胶隔热环、聚酰亚胺气凝胶隔热环或二氧化硅气凝胶隔热环。
6.如权利要求4所述的热防护板，其特征在于：位于隔热层内部的螺栓自其靠近内面板的一端向另一端依次套设有第二气凝胶隔热垫、陶瓷环。
7.如权利要求6所述的热防护板，其特征在于：所述第二气凝胶隔热垫为聚氨酯气凝胶隔热垫、聚酰亚胺气凝胶隔热垫或二氧化硅气凝胶隔热垫；所述陶瓷环为氧化锆环、碳化锆环、二硼化锆环、碳化铪环或二硼化铪环。
8.如权利要求4~7任一所述的热防护板，其特征在于：第一气凝胶隔热垫和螺母之间设置有弹簧垫片。
9.如权利要求1~7任一所述的热防护板，其特征在于：气凝胶隔热罩与内面板之间采用耐热温度不低于1000 ℃的高温胶粘接。
10.如权利要求1~7任一所述的热防护板，其特征在于：所述盖板的外表面设置有SiC涂层。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910859585.5A CN110626011B (zh) | 2019-09-11 | 2019-09-11 | 一种热防护板 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910859585.5A CN110626011B (zh) | 2019-09-11 | 2019-09-11 | 一种热防护板 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110626011A true CN110626011A (zh) | 2019-12-31 |
| CN110626011B CN110626011B (zh) | 2023-09-26 |
Family
ID=68971567
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910859585.5A Active CN110626011B (zh) | 2019-09-11 | 2019-09-11 | 一种热防护板 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110626011B (zh) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111070716A (zh) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-04-28 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | 一种低温复合材料螺纹柱组成成型方法 |
| CN111089106A (zh) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-05-01 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | 一种低温复合材料螺纹柱组成 |
| CN111592369A (zh) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-28 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | 一种多层结构复合的耐高温热防护材料及其制备方法 |
| CN111730926A (zh) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-02 | 巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司 | 一种隔热阻燃板材及其制备方法 |
| US20210362884A1 (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2021-11-25 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Heat transfer control structure, flying object and spacecraft with high heat resistance |
| CN113915206A (zh) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-01-11 | 贵州航天精工制造有限公司 | 一种复合材料结构的装配连接方法 |
| WO2021255444A3 (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2022-02-17 | Graphene Composites Limited | Devices for protecting a body from damage |
| CN114619719A (zh) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-14 | 江苏新扬新材料股份有限公司 | 一种隔热高抗压热防护结构及其制备方法 |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20140046222A (ko) * | 2012-10-10 | 2014-04-18 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 선박 구조물용 단열 복합 시트 |
| CN105122966B (zh) * | 2011-10-18 | 2014-09-10 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | 用于空间金属表面间的隔热连接装置 |
| CN106240092A (zh) * | 2015-06-12 | 2016-12-21 | 波音公司 | 对峙面板热防护系统及制造该系统的方法 |
| CN106609790A (zh) * | 2015-10-21 | 2017-05-03 | 波音公司 | 高断裂韧性陶瓷支撑托板螺母和联接槽 |
| CN107792401A (zh) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-03-13 | 深圳航天东方红海特卫星有限公司 | 一种卫星陶瓷气凝胶多层隔热机构 |
| CN108928057A (zh) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-12-04 | 内蒙古航天红岗机械有限公司 | 一种纤维增强的柔性二氧化硅气凝胶 |
| CN109532143A (zh) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-03-29 | 北京机电工程研究所 | 一种防/隔热隐身一体化蒙皮及其制备方法 |
| CN109805478A (zh) * | 2019-03-08 | 2019-05-28 | 湖南科技大学 | 一种用于消防员防护服的隔热内衬及其制作方法 |
| CN210734524U (zh) * | 2019-09-11 | 2020-06-12 | 巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司 | 一种高超声速飞行器用热防护板 |
| CN210851564U (zh) * | 2019-09-11 | 2020-06-26 | 巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司 | 一种高效热防护板 |
-
2019
- 2019-09-11 CN CN201910859585.5A patent/CN110626011B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105122966B (zh) * | 2011-10-18 | 2014-09-10 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | 用于空间金属表面间的隔热连接装置 |
| KR20140046222A (ko) * | 2012-10-10 | 2014-04-18 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 선박 구조물용 단열 복합 시트 |
| CN106240092A (zh) * | 2015-06-12 | 2016-12-21 | 波音公司 | 对峙面板热防护系统及制造该系统的方法 |
| CN106609790A (zh) * | 2015-10-21 | 2017-05-03 | 波音公司 | 高断裂韧性陶瓷支撑托板螺母和联接槽 |
| CN107792401A (zh) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-03-13 | 深圳航天东方红海特卫星有限公司 | 一种卫星陶瓷气凝胶多层隔热机构 |
| CN108928057A (zh) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-12-04 | 内蒙古航天红岗机械有限公司 | 一种纤维增强的柔性二氧化硅气凝胶 |
| CN109532143A (zh) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-03-29 | 北京机电工程研究所 | 一种防/隔热隐身一体化蒙皮及其制备方法 |
| CN109805478A (zh) * | 2019-03-08 | 2019-05-28 | 湖南科技大学 | 一种用于消防员防护服的隔热内衬及其制作方法 |
| CN210734524U (zh) * | 2019-09-11 | 2020-06-12 | 巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司 | 一种高超声速飞行器用热防护板 |
| CN210851564U (zh) * | 2019-09-11 | 2020-06-26 | 巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司 | 一种高效热防护板 |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111070716A (zh) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-04-28 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | 一种低温复合材料螺纹柱组成成型方法 |
| CN111089106A (zh) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-05-01 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | 一种低温复合材料螺纹柱组成 |
| CN111070716B (zh) * | 2020-01-02 | 2022-03-18 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | 一种低温复合材料螺纹柱组成成型方法 |
| CN111592369A (zh) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-28 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | 一种多层结构复合的耐高温热防护材料及其制备方法 |
| US20210362884A1 (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2021-11-25 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Heat transfer control structure, flying object and spacecraft with high heat resistance |
| WO2021255444A3 (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2022-02-17 | Graphene Composites Limited | Devices for protecting a body from damage |
| CN111730926A (zh) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-02 | 巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司 | 一种隔热阻燃板材及其制备方法 |
| CN111730926B (zh) * | 2020-07-13 | 2021-11-26 | 巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司 | 一种隔热阻燃板材及其制备方法 |
| CN113915206A (zh) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-01-11 | 贵州航天精工制造有限公司 | 一种复合材料结构的装配连接方法 |
| CN114619719A (zh) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-14 | 江苏新扬新材料股份有限公司 | 一种隔热高抗压热防护结构及其制备方法 |
| CN114619719B (zh) * | 2022-03-15 | 2023-06-27 | 江苏新扬新材料股份有限公司 | 一种隔热高抗压热防护结构及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110626011B (zh) | 2023-09-26 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110626011A (zh) | 一种热防护板 | |
| CN210734524U (zh) | 一种高超声速飞行器用热防护板 | |
| CN210851564U (zh) | 一种高效热防护板 | |
| US9868545B2 (en) | Primary structure for an attachment pylon with firewall and thermal layers | |
| US9771866B2 (en) | High temperature composite inlet | |
| US6676077B1 (en) | High temperature resistant airfoil apparatus for a hypersonic space vehicle | |
| US8864073B1 (en) | Aeroshell thermal protection system and method | |
| CN105765204A (zh) | 具有金属和复合构造的混合式内部固定结构 | |
| US5804306A (en) | Ceramic matrix composite/organic matrix composite hybrid fire shield | |
| CN103047013A (zh) | 用于航空应用的层压绝热毡及其工艺 | |
| CN102458991A (zh) | 在喷气发动机舱的固定内部结构上安装热屏蔽的方法 | |
| CN107654296B (zh) | 隔热包层以及隔热包层组件 | |
| CN108058809A (zh) | 一种无热短路可重复使用非烧蚀热防护结构及加工方法 | |
| CN211893639U (zh) | 一种高超声速飞行器超高温端头热密封结构 | |
| Snapp et al. | Orbiter thermal protection system lessons learned | |
| US8147943B1 (en) | Replaceable impact resistant thermal protection system | |
| CN210851565U (zh) | 一种新型热防护板 | |
| CN207748009U (zh) | 一种无热短路可重复使用非烧蚀热防护结构 | |
| EP3822072A1 (en) | Fireproof and thermal insulator product | |
| CA2803186A1 (en) | Fire protection device for aircraft | |
| US2924537A (en) | Laminated thermal insulation | |
| CN111107989B (zh) | 隔热板 | |
| CN107877957B (zh) | 一种柔性充气防热罩及其制备方法 | |
| JP3776021B2 (ja) | 高速飛翔体フェアリングの熱伝導率制御方法 | |
| Rauh et al. | Manufacturing and Testing of a Purged Thermal Insulation Concept for Reusable CFRP Cryotanks |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |