CN110618405A - Radar active interference efficiency measuring and calculating method based on interference mechanism and decision-making capability - Google Patents
Radar active interference efficiency measuring and calculating method based on interference mechanism and decision-making capability Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/38—Jamming means, e.g. producing false echoes
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic countermeasure, and relates to a radar active interference efficiency measuring and calculating method based on an interference mechanism and decision-making capability. The method is based on the radar active interference combat mechanism, takes the full flow and system hierarchy of equipment combat into consideration, selects parameters such as signal interception, signal sorting recognition, interference aiming, interference opportunity, interference pattern and interference power to scientifically construct an efficiency calculation index system, and dynamically calculates the signal analysis recognition efficiency and the interference pattern efficiency of an out-of-library radiation source target in the active interference combat process according to the personnel decision capability level on the basis of considering the combat performance of the equipment. The invention systematically researches each link relating to radar active interference fighting use, and can be specifically applied to the fields of fighting efficiency evaluation of different types of radar active interference equipment and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic countermeasure, and particularly relates to a radar active interference efficiency measuring and calculating method based on an interference mechanism and decision-making capability.
Background
Active interference of the radar is an important link in radar electronic countermeasure, and is mainly used for destroying searching, positioning and tracking of the radar of the other side on the target of the radar of the other side and improving the vitality and the fighting capacity of the platform. The accurate calculation of the combat efficiency can provide theoretical support for scientific decision interference and correct equipment use of commanders. The Wang Rui in the article of distance index on the interference efficiency of radar noise focuses on the influence of distance index on radar interference; lujin Bright in the article of modeling and simulation of interference fuzzy area of active suppressive interference adopts the concept of interference fuzzy area to calculate the radar interference effect on the basis of relevant evaluation criteria; the method comprises the steps of introducing a frequency aiming factor and an anti-rejection factor into a radar detection range-based interference performance evaluation to improve a radar detection range-based interference performance evaluation model; zhoushao in the research on active interference efficiency evaluation of ship-borne radar establishes an evaluation index of active interference efficiency of radar from three layers, namely an interference signal layer, an interference machine layer and a system layer.
For review of relevant literature, the current methods for calculating the active interference performance mainly include the following two types of modes: a static efficiency calculation method based on inherent capability generally adopts an expert evaluation method, a multi-scheme comparison method, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the like for calculation, mainly reflects the performance and inherent capability of a system and cannot reflect the dynamicity of operational efficiency; the other method is a dynamic efficiency calculation method based on the combat effect, the calculation equipment is used for executing the effective degree of a target which can be achieved by a specific combat mission, the combat performance of the equipment is considered, and the real-time battlefield environment and the combat situation are combined.
Therefore, to accurately calculate the level of radar active jamming equipment in actual combat operation, the performance calculation should be mainly expanded from the following two aspects. Firstly, taking links such as reconnaissance, decision, interference and the like in active interference operation as an organic whole of a system according to an interference mechanism and an operation flow, and scientifically constructing a radar active interference calculation index system; secondly, when actual active interference combat is carried out, the level of the personnel decision-making ability directly determines index parameters such as identification of out-of-library interference targets and selection of interference patterns, namely, the important influence of the personnel decision-making ability level of one party in the out-of-library radiation source target combat process needs to be considered. In view of this, when calculating the radar active interference efficiency, factors such as an active interference mechanism and a personnel decision capability level should be comprehensively considered, and the active interference equipment efficiency should be accurately calculated by combining the static efficiency and the dynamic efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention starts from the active interference combat mechanism of the radar, takes the whole flow and the system hierarchy of equipment combat into consideration, selects parameters such as signal interception, signal sorting identification, interference aiming, interference opportunity, interference pattern, interference power and the like to scientifically construct an efficiency calculation index system, and provides a radar active interference efficiency measuring and calculating method based on the interference mechanism and decision-making capability; on the basis of considering the fighting performance of equipment, the signal analysis and identification efficiency and the interference pattern efficiency of the out-of-library radiation source target in the active interference fighting process are dynamically calculated according to the personnel decision capability level.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a radar active interference efficiency measuring and calculating method based on an interference mechanism and decision-making capability comprises the following steps:
according to a radar active interference mechanism, a front-end process of signal acquisition is started to an interference machine to work, links such as reconnaissance operation (signal interception efficiency and signal analysis and identification efficiency), command decision (interference opportunity efficiency and interference pattern efficiency), interference operation (interference aiming efficiency and interference power efficiency) and the like in active interference operation are used as a system organic whole according to the whole interference operation process of signal processing and utilization, and a radar active interference calculation index system is scientifically constructed.
And respectively calculating signal interception efficiency, signal analysis and identification efficiency, interference aiming efficiency, interference power efficiency, interference opportunity efficiency and interference pattern efficiency according to the established calculation index system, and multiplying indexes to obtain a radar active interference efficiency calculation model. The four indexes of signal interception efficiency, interference aiming efficiency, interference power efficiency and interference opportunity efficiency can be calculated by methods in known documents, and the methods for analyzing and identifying signals and calculating the interference pattern efficiency are as follows:
(II) Signal analysis and identification efficiency calculation method
ERThe method is a comprehensive performance index for measuring the signal analysis and processing capacity of a system, and is described by two factors of signal processing probability and radiation source attribute identification degree, and specifically comprises the following steps: eR＝PS·ρ
In the formula: pSIs the signal processing probability; and rho is the radiation source attribute identification degree. Probability of signal processing PSThe calculation of the radiation source attribute identification degree rho is divided into two cases according to the parameters of the equipment: and (4) identifying targets inside and outside the database. The rho value of the target in the database is directly determined according to specific equipment parameters; rho of a target outside the database is closely related to the knowledge level of personnel, a relation curve is approximately in a power exponential type, and a membership function of the relation curve is as follows:in the formula: and k is the professional theoretical assessment result.
According to the requirements of active interference combat missions, interference target identification requires personnel to have too hard professional theoretical knowledge and higher decision-making capability. Namely, the target radiation source attribute identification degree is not only related to the professional knowledge level of the personnel, but also related to factors influencing the decision-making ability of the personnel, such as psychological quality, skill proficiency, past task completion condition and the like, and the radiation source attribute identification degree rho can be corrected by adopting the following indexes.
(1) The first correction index is as follows: psychological diathesis factor mu1(x1)
Due to the high tension of the operation of the weaponry and the aggravation of the operational complexity, the requirements of modern military activities on the psychological quality of personnel are higher and higher, and the difference x between self evaluation and organization evaluation is adopted1To characterize the psychological quality factor of a person with a membership function of：
(2) And a second correction index: skill proficiency degree mu2(x2)
Practice shows that a person who does not have practical application has poor working capacity for various complex and dangerous environments. According to the characteristics of target recognition outside the active interference library, the decision-making ability level of personnel is closely related to the proficiency level of personnel. A typical proficiency effect curve is represented as an exponential curve, which indicates the degree of proficiency (available professional work time x) of a person2Representation) the human operational reliability will increase significantly, so the skill proficiency membership function can be described as:
(3) and (3) correcting indexes: past task completion mu3(x3)
The identification of targets outside the library does not only consider the knowledge level, proficiency and other factors of personnel, but also is closely related to the completion condition of past tasks of the personnel. In particular in the face of new signals, new cases, and in the absence of experts and materials, the likelihood of human error is greater. Therefore, when a person is measured to decide the competence level, the person refers to the completion of the past task (the times of the overtime (+) or the criticizing (-) and the membership function is as follows:
(4) a correction calculation formula of the radiation source attribute identification degree rho is as follows:
when calculating the radiation source attribute identification degree, the expert sets a weight value (n) according to the importance of each correction index1+n2+n3+n41), then ρ is calculated as:
interference pattern performance calculating method
EMThe interference pattern efficiency is related to the radar system and the anti-interference measures used by the radar, and is more closely related to the decision capability level of users. Therefore, in conjunction with a specific equipment type, the interference pattern performance calculation is divided into two cases: the interference pattern efficiency of the targets inside the database, and the interference pattern efficiency of the targets outside the database.
(1) Interference pattern efficiency values for targets in a database
According to the actual situation of radar interference equipment, the interference pattern efficiency E of the target in the databaseMThe values are dependent on the specific equipment performance parameters.
(2) Interference pattern efficiency values for targets outside of database
According to the working system and the anti-interference capability of the interference object radar, the interference effectiveness values of different interference patterns to the radars with different systems are different and are called as interference pattern theoretical values; meanwhile, according to the physical semi-physical simulation and the actual training, obtaining the effectiveness values (called as interference pattern empirical values) of different interference patterns to radars of different systems, adopting a mature weighted fusion algorithm to establish a numerical fusion model, calculating the fusion effectiveness value of the interference pattern theoretical value and the interference pattern empirical value, and taking the fusion effectiveness value as the fighting effectiveness value E of the interference pattern to the radar systemM0。
In calculating EM0On the basis, considering the decision ability level of personnel, the interference pattern combat effect value is further corrected by adopting the correction indexes 2.1.1-2.1.1.3, and then the interference pattern effect value E of the target outside the databaseMComprises the following steps: eM＝m1EM0+m2μ1(x1)+m3μ2(x2)+m4μ3(x3)
m1～m4The weight value is set by the expert according to the importance of each correction index (m)1+m2+m3+m4＝1)。
From the perspective of operational use, the effect of active interference is mainly determined by signal interceptionAcquiring, signal sorting and identifying, interference aiming, interference opportunity, interference pattern, interference power and the like, so that the active interference dynamic efficiency calculation model comprises the following steps: e ═ EIERECEMETEP
The efficiency calculation method provided by the invention comprehensively considers the active interference mechanism and the personnel decision-making capability, scientifically establishes an efficiency calculation model according to the whole process of active interference combat, systematically researches each link related to radar active interference combat use, including aspects of reconnaissance, decision, interference and the like, and research results can be specifically applied to the fields of combat efficiency evaluation of different types of radar active interference equipment and the like; meanwhile, research results can provide basis for the commander to develop electronic countermeasure scheme planning, equipment use effect inspection and the like, and can become an important function point for electronic countermeasure online effect evaluation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an index system for calculating performance of radar active jamming equipment.
Fig. 2 is a process flow of performance calculation of radar active jamming equipment.
Detailed Description
The following further describes a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings and technical solutions.
A radar active interference efficiency measuring and calculating method based on an interference mechanism and decision-making capability comprises the following steps:
1 calculation of Signal acquisition Performance
The signal interception efficiency index reflects the capacity of the system for intercepting signals in a frequency domain and a space domain required by a tactical mission. The signal interception efficiency is examined by considering the frequency domain and the space domain required to be covered by a system tactical task, observing the frequency domain and the space domain which can be covered by the system and analyzing the signal interception capability of the system in the frequency domain or the space domain.
The system signal capture efficiency calculation model is represented by the following formula:
in the formula: thetaI1-the actual reconnaissance azimuth coverage achieved by the reconnaissance subsystem; thetaI10-desired or mission-specified azimuth coverage; thetaI2-the actual reconnaissance pitch coverage achieved by the reconnaissance subsystem; thetaI20-desired or mission-specified pitch coverage; Δ FI-the actual detection frequency coverage achieved by the detection subsystem; Δ FI0-desired or mission-specified frequency coverage; pI-reconnaissance of the interception probability of the subsystem receiver.
Assuming that the ranges of the azimuth, the pitch and the frequency of the electronic counterscout equipment cover the expected range, the values are all 1, and the interception probability P of the scout receiverIIs 0.98, then there is EI＝0.98。
2 calculation of Signal analysis recognition Performance
According to the design scheme of a certain radar countermeasure system and the capability level of personnel, the signal processing probability P of the scoutS0.99, the weight value n of the correction index1＝0.6，n2,n4＝0.1,n30.2, 97 professional assessment score k, and mental quality assessment value difference | x1Work time x | ═ 82After 10 years, the completion of past tasks is raised 5 times, i.e. x3Not more than 5, therefore
ρ＝0.6×0.972+0.1×0.17+0.2×0.918+0.1×1＝0.865
The radiation source attribute identification rho is 0.865, then ER＝PS·ρ＝0.99·0.865＝0.86。
3 calculation of interference aiming efficiency
ECIs the interference-guided targeting efficiency, which represents the ability of an electronic countermeasure system to guide an interfering transmitting equipment to perform interference, which is described in terms of relative interference coverage coefficients and guiding probabilities, i.e.
In the formula: delta omegacIs an interference airspace specified by the battle mission; Δ ωcIs the interference airspace actually achieved by the system; Δ FcIs an interference frequency band specified by a combat mission; Δ fcIs the interference frequency band actually achieved by the system; pCIs the product of the azimuth steering probability and the frequency steering probability.
During calculation, the active jammer is supposed to completely meet the coverage requirement, and the relative interference coverage coefficient is 1; the azimuth guidance probability and the frequency guidance probability are both 1, and therefore, the interference targeting efficiency value is:
4 calculation of interference timing efficiency
ETIs the interference opportunity efficiency, which represents the efficiency of the jammer to correctly perform interference during the radar threat time, ETThe larger the interference the better. Can be expressed as:
wherein, T1～T2As radar threat time, (t)Sj,tEj) J-1, …, n is n periods of interference of the interference machine, and t is satisfiedSj,tEj∈(T1,T2)，ωjIs the weight of each of the segments and,
the radar is started for 30 seconds, and the time required by interference is assumed to be 5 seconds after the interference machine is identified, wherein the time comprises interception time, identification time, personnel reaction time, interference reaction time and the like.
The interference opportunity efficiency values are:
5 calculation of interference Pattern efficiency
An improved weighted fusion estimation algorithm is adopted, the core idea is to consider the local estimation of each sensor, formulate a weighting factor for each sensor according to a reasonable principle, and finally obtain a global system estimation by weighting and integrating all the local estimation, and the specific steps are as follows:
assuming the case of N sensors with track fusion, sensor M1,M2,……,MS(S ≦ N) there are tracks that are correlated, assuming that for the same target, sensor M1,M2,……,MSThe local estimate and the corresponding error covariance matrix of (a) are:andm∈{M1,M2,……,MSis provided with sensors M1,M2,……,MSAre respectively W1,W2,……,WSSuppose thatIf the estimation is unbiased estimation and the local estimation errors of any two sensors are not correlated with each other, the total mean square error is as follows:
under the assumption that the local estimation errors of the sensors are uncorrelated with each other, i.e.Independent of each other and are all unbiased estimates of x, so:
so that the total mean square error P is:
according to equation (3), the weighting factor corresponding to the minimum total mean square error is further determined as:
the corresponding minimum mean square error at this time is:
establishing a new weighted fusion algorithm model, namely an optimal self-adaptive weighted fusion algorithm model, by the formulas (3) and (4), wherein the fusion equation is as follows:
according to the parameters of certain active interference equipment, the theoretical efficiency value of the effective interference pattern adopted by the equipment for the inter-pulse compression radar is 0.93, the empirical value of the interference pattern is 0.89, and the operational efficiency value E of the interference pattern after the fusion is carried out by adopting the fusion algorithmM0＝0.915。
Weight value n of correction index1＝0.7，n2,n3,n4When the specific correction index parameter is equal to 0.1 and the above 2.2, the interference pattern efficiency E for the radar target in the inter-pulse compression system outside the database is obtainedMThen it can be calculated:
EM＝0.7×0.915+0.1×0.17+0.1×0.918+0.1×1＝0.85
6 calculation of interference power efficiency
EPIs interference power efficiency, is a comprehensive performance index for measuring the interference capability of an interference machine, EPThe larger the interference effect, the better, the interference power performance can be expressed as:
wherein, KJ1,KJ2Respectively representing the suppression coefficients when the jammer starts and ends jamming,(Kmin,Kmax) The suppression coefficient value range of the jammer to the radar effective interference is obtained.
The compression factor may be expressed as:
in the formula:
KJ: shielding a target interference suppression coefficient; pj: an interference transmit power; gj: an interfering antenna gain;
Pt: radar transmission power; gt: radar transmitting antenna gain; μ: radar feed line loss (take 0.4-0.6)
Rt: the distance between the radar and the jammer; l isj: polarization loss; σ: a target radar reflection area; Δ f0: the medium frequency band of the radar receiver is wide; Δ fj: the interfering signal bandwidth.
In calculation, the target radar is supposed to be started from 150km, the airplane approaches to the airplane at 250 meters per second, the airplane is interfered after 5 seconds, and the airplane is shut down after 30 seconds. At the moment when the jammer starts to interfere and the moment when the interference ends, the distances from the target to the detection machine of the party are 148.75km and 142.5km respectively;
target radar related calculation parameters:
transmission power Pt：20kw
Antenna gain Gt：36dB
Receiving bandwidth Δ f0：10MHz
Radar turn-on time: 30s
Relevant calculation parameters of the active interference device are as follows:
protective target radar reflection sectional area σ: 500m2
Radiation power Pj：5kw
Antenna gain Gj：20dB
Blocking interference Δ fj：40MHz
Polarization loss Lj：13dB
Compression factor Range (K)min,Kmax)：5dB—12dB
Then there are:
pressing coefficient KJ1，KJ2Are all greater than 12dB, so the interference power efficiency EP＝1。
7 calculation of radar active interference efficiency
According to the calculation model of the active interference combat effectiveness, and by combining the calculation results of the combat effectiveness, the method comprises the following steps: e ═ EIERECEMETEP＝0.98×0.85×1×0.833×0.85×1＝0.59。
Claims (1)
1. A radar active interference efficiency measuring and calculating method based on an interference mechanism and decision-making capability comprises the following steps:
(I) constructing radar active interference calculation index system
Respectively calculating signal interception efficiency, signal analysis and identification efficiency, interference aiming efficiency, interference power efficiency, interference opportunity efficiency and interference pattern efficiency according to the established calculation index system, and multiplying indexes to obtain a radar active interference efficiency calculation model;
the four indexes of signal interception efficiency, interference aiming efficiency, interference power efficiency and interference opportunity efficiency can be calculated by methods in known documents, and the methods for analyzing and identifying signals and calculating interference pattern efficiency are as follows:
(1) signal analysis and identification efficiency calculation method
ERIs a measure system signal analysis departmentThe comprehensive performance index of physical ability is described by two factors of signal processing probability and radiation source attribute identification degree, and specifically comprises the following steps: eR＝PS·ρ
In the formula: pSIs the signal processing probability; rho is radiation source attribute identification degree; probability of signal processing PSThe calculation of the radiation source attribute identification degree rho is divided into two cases according to the parameters of the equipment: identifying targets inside and outside the database; the rho value of the target in the database is directly determined according to specific equipment parameters; rho of a target outside the database is closely related to the knowledge level of personnel, a relation curve is approximately in a power exponential type, and a membership function of the relation curve is as follows:in the formula: k is professional theoretical assessment results;
the radiation source attribute identification rho is corrected by adopting the following indexes:
the first correction index is as follows: psychological diathesis factor
And a second correction index: skill proficiency
And (3) correcting indexes: past task completion
A correction calculation formula of the radiation source attribute identification degree rho is as follows:
when calculating the radiation source attribute identification degree, the expert sets a weight value (n) according to the importance of each correction index1+n2+n3+n41), then ρ is calculated as:
(2) interference pattern efficiency calculation method
EMThe interference pattern efficiency is related to a radar system and anti-interference measures used by a radar, and is more closely related to the decision capability level of users; therefore, in conjunction with a specific equipment type, the interference pattern performance calculation is divided into two cases: the interference pattern efficiency of the target in the database, and the interference pattern efficiency of the target outside the database;
interference pattern efficiency values for targets within the database: according to the actual situation of radar interference equipment, the interference pattern efficiency E of the target in the databaseMThe values are dependent on the specific equipment performance parameters;
interference pattern efficiency values for out-of-database targets: according to the working system and the anti-interference capability of the interference object radar, the interference effectiveness values of different interference patterns to the radars with different systems are different and are called as interference pattern theoretical values; meanwhile, according to the physical semi-physical simulation and the actual training, the effectiveness values of different interference patterns on radars of different systems are obtained, a numerical fusion model is established by adopting a mature weighted fusion algorithm, the fusion effectiveness value of the theoretical value of the interference pattern and the empirical value of the interference pattern is calculated, and the value is used as the combat effectiveness value E of the interference pattern on the radar systemM0；
In calculating EM0On the basis, the interference pattern combat effect value is further corrected by adopting the correction index, and then the interference pattern effect value E of the target outside the databaseMComprises the following steps: eM＝m1EM0+m2μ1(x1)+m3μ2(x2)+m4μ3(x3)
m1～m4The weight value is set by the expert according to the importance of each correction index (m)1+m2+m3+m4＝1)；
From the perspective of operational use, the active interference effect mainly depends on signal interception, signal sorting and identification, interference aiming, interference opportunity, interference pattern, interference power and the like, so that the active interference dynamic efficiency calculation model is as follows: e ═ EIERECEMETEP。
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