CN110618405B - Radar active interference efficiency measuring and calculating method based on interference mechanism and decision-making capability - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic countermeasure, and relates to a radar active interference efficiency measuring and calculating method based on an interference mechanism and decision-making capability. The method is based on the radar active interference combat mechanism, takes the full flow and system hierarchy of equipment combat into consideration, selects parameters such as signal interception, signal sorting recognition, interference aiming, interference opportunity, interference pattern and interference power to scientifically construct an efficiency calculation index system, and dynamically calculates the signal analysis recognition efficiency and the interference pattern efficiency of an out-of-library radiation source target in the active interference combat process according to the personnel decision capability level on the basis of considering the combat performance of the equipment. The invention systematically researches each link relating to radar active interference fighting use, and can be specifically applied to the fields of fighting efficiency evaluation of different types of radar active interference equipment and the like.

Description

A radar active jamming effectiveness measurement method based on jamming mechanism and decision-making ability

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic countermeasures, and in particular relates to a method for measuring and calculating radar active jamming effectiveness based on jamming mechanism and decision-making ability.

Background technique

Radar active jamming is an important link in radar electronic countermeasures. It is mainly used to destroy the search, positioning and tracking of our targets by the opponent's radar, and improve the vitality and combat effectiveness of our platform. The accurate calculation of its combat effectiveness can provide theoretical support for the commander's scientific decision-making on interference and the correct use of equipment. Wang Rui focused on the influence of distance indicators on radar jamming in the article "The Effect of Distance Index on the Efficiency of Radar Noise Jamming"; In the paper, the concept of jamming ambiguity area is used to calculate the effect of radar jamming; Xu Yue introduced the frequency aiming factor and anti-resistance factor in the article "Jamming Effectiveness Evaluation Based on Radar Detection Range" to improve the jamming effectiveness evaluation model based on radar detection range; Zou In the article "Research on the Effectiveness Evaluation of Shipborne Radar Active Jamming", Feng constructed the radar active jamming effectiveness evaluation index from three levels: jamming signal layer, jamming machine layer, and system layer.

Summarizing the relevant literature, the current active interference effectiveness calculation methods mainly include the following two types of models: a static effectiveness calculation method based on inherent capabilities, generally using expert judgment method, multi-scheme comparison method, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, etc. It mainly reflects the performance and inherent capabilities of the system itself, and cannot reflect the dynamics of combat effectiveness; the other is a dynamic effectiveness calculation method based on combat effects, which calculates the effectiveness of equipment used to perform specific combat tasks to achieve goals, Not only the combat performance of the equipment must be considered, but also the real-time battlefield environment and combat situation must be combined. At present, such methods mostly focus on calculating the influence degree of interference indicators on the target, while the identification of radiation sources and targets outside the library during active interference operations The influencing factors of the decision-making ability level of the personnel in the disturbance were not involved.

Therefore, in order to accurately calculate the level of radar active jamming equipment used in actual combat, its effectiveness calculation should be mainly carried out from the following two aspects. One is to take the reconnaissance, decision-making, and jamming links in active jamming operations as an organic whole according to the jamming mechanism and combat process, and scientifically build a radar active jamming calculation index system; second, in actual active jamming operations, personnel The level of decision-making ability directly determines the identification of interference targets outside the library, the selection of interference patterns and other index parameters, that is, the important influence of the level of decision-making ability of our personnel on the combat process of radiation source targets outside the library must be considered. In view of this, when calculating the effectiveness of radar active jamming, factors such as active jamming mechanism and personnel decision-making ability level should be considered comprehensively, and the effectiveness of active jamming equipment should be accurately calculated by combining static effectiveness and dynamic effectiveness.

Contents of the invention

The present invention starts from the radar active jamming operation mechanism, considers the whole process and system hierarchy of equipment operations, selects parameters such as signal interception, signal sorting and identification, interference targeting, interference timing, interference pattern, interference power and other parameters to scientifically construct an efficiency calculation index system , provides a radar active jamming effectiveness calculation method based on jamming mechanism and decision-making ability; on the basis of considering the combat performance of the equipment, according to the level of personnel decision-making ability, dynamically calculate the signal of the radiation source target outside the warehouse during the active jamming operation process Analyze recognition performance and interference pattern performance.

Technical scheme of the present invention:

A radar active jamming effectiveness measurement method based on jamming mechanism and decision-making ability, comprising the following steps:

(1) According to the radar active jamming mechanism, from the front-end process of signal acquisition to the jammer work, according to the entire jamming operation process of signal processing and utilization, the reconnaissance operations (signal interception effectiveness and signal analysis and identification) in active jamming operations Effectiveness), command decision-making (jamming timing effectiveness and jamming pattern effectiveness), jamming operations (jamming targeting effectiveness and jamming power effectiveness) and other links are taken as an organic whole of the system, and the radar active jamming calculation index system is scientifically constructed.

According to the established calculation index system, the signal interception effectiveness, signal analysis and recognition effectiveness, jamming aiming effectiveness, jamming power effectiveness, jamming timing effectiveness and jamming style effectiveness are calculated respectively, and the calculation model of radar active jamming effectiveness is obtained by multiplying the indicators. The four indicators of signal interception performance, jamming targeting performance, jamming power performance, and jamming timing performance can be calculated using methods in known literature. The calculation methods for signal analysis and identification performance and jamming pattern performance are as follows:

(2) Calculation method of signal analysis and identification performance

E _R is a comprehensive performance index to measure the signal analysis and processing capability of the system. It is described by two factors: signal processing probability and radiation source attribute recognition degree, specifically: E _R = P _S ·ρ

式中：k为专业理论考核成绩。In the formula: _PS is the signal processing probability; ρ is the identification degree of radiation source attributes. The signal processing probability _PS is determined by the parameters of the equipment itself, and the calculation of the radiation source attribute recognition degree ρ is divided into two situations: the identification of targets inside and outside the database. The ρ value of the target in the database is directly determined according to the specific equipment parameters; the ρ of the target outside the database is closely related to the knowledge level of personnel, and the relationship curve is approximately in the power exponential type, and its membership function is:

In the formula: k is the professional theory assessment result.

According to the requirements of active jamming combat missions, the identification of jamming targets not only requires personnel to have excellent professional theoretical knowledge, but also requires high decision-making capabilities. That is, the recognition degree of target radiation source attributes is not only related to the level of professional knowledge of personnel, but also related to factors that affect the decision-making ability of personnel such as psychological quality, skill proficiency, and past task completion. The radiation source attribute recognition degree ρ can be used as follows Indicators are corrected.

(1) Correction index one: Psychological quality factor μ ₁ (x ₁ )

Due to the high tension in the operation of weapons and equipment and the aggravation of combat complexity, modern military activities have higher and higher requirements for the psychological quality of personnel. The gap between self-evaluation and organizational evaluation x ₁ is used to characterize the psychological quality of personnel, and its membership function for:

(2) Correction index 2: skill proficiency μ ₂ (x ₂ )

Practice shows that a person who has no application practice has poor ability to work in various complex and dangerous environments. According to the characteristics of target identification outside the active jamming library, the level of personnel decision-making ability is closely related to their proficiency. The typical proficiency effect curve is an exponential curve, which shows that with the improvement of personnel proficiency (expressed by professional working time x ₂ ), the reliability of personnel operation will increase significantly, so the membership function of skill proficiency can be described as:

(3) Correction indicator 3: Past task completion status μ ₃ (x ₃ )

The identification of targets outside the library not only considers factors such as the knowledge level and proficiency of the personnel, but is also closely related to the completion of the personnel's past tasks. Especially in the face of new signals and new situations, in the absence of experts and data, the possibility of personnel errors is even greater. Therefore, when measuring the level of decision-making ability of personnel, refer to their past task completion (recognition (+) or criticism (-) times), and its membership function is:

(4) The revised calculation formula of radiation source attribute recognition degree ρ:

When calculating the identification degree of radiation source attributes, experts set the weight value according to the importance of each correction index (n ₁ +n ₂ +n ₃ +n ₄ =1), then the calculation formula of ρ is:

(3) Calculation method of interference pattern effectiveness

E _M is the effectiveness of the jamming pattern. The effectiveness of the jamming pattern of the jammer is related to the radar system and anti-jamming measures used by the radar, and is closely related to the decision-making ability of the user. Therefore, combined with specific equipment types, the interference pattern effectiveness calculation is divided into two situations: one is the interference pattern effectiveness of targets in the database, and the other is the interference pattern effectiveness of targets outside the database.

(1) The interference pattern efficacy value of the target in the database

According to the actual situation of radar jamming equipment, the jamming pattern effectiveness E _M value of the target in the database is determined according to the specific equipment performance parameters.

(2) Interference pattern efficacy value of targets outside the database

According to the working system and anti-jamming ability of the radar of the jamming object, the jamming effectiveness values of different jamming patterns on different system radars are different, which is called the theoretical value of jamming patterns; The effectiveness values of radars of different systems (referred to as interference pattern experience values) are established by using a mature weighted fusion algorithm to establish a numerical fusion model, and the fusion effectiveness value of the interference pattern theoretical value and the interference pattern experience value is calculated, and this value is used as the interference pattern The operational effectiveness value E _M0 of the radar system.

On the basis of calculating E _M0 , taking into account the decision-making ability level of personnel, using the correction indicators in 2.1.1.1~2.1.1.3 above to further correct the combat effectiveness value of the jamming pattern, then the jamming pattern effectiveness value E _M of the target outside the database is: E _M ＝m ₁ E _M0 +m ₂ μ ₁ (x ₁ )+m ₃ μ ₂ (x ₂ )+m ₄ μ ₃ (x ₃ )

The weight values of m ₁ ~m ₄ are set by experts according to the importance of each correction index (m ₁ +m ₂ +m ₃ +m ₄ =1).

From the perspective of combat use, the effect of active jamming mainly depends on signal interception, signal sorting and identification, jamming targeting, jamming timing, jamming style, jamming power, etc. Therefore, the dynamic effectiveness calculation model of active jamming: E=E _I E _R E _C E _M E _T E _P

The effectiveness calculation method proposed by the present invention comprehensively considers the active jamming mechanism and personnel decision-making ability, scientifically establishes an effectiveness calculation model based on the whole process of active jamming operations, and systematically studies every link involving the use of radar active jamming operations , including reconnaissance, decision-making, jamming, etc. The research results can be specifically applied to the combat effectiveness evaluation of different types of radar active jamming equipment. basis, and can become an important function point for evaluating online effects of electronic countermeasures.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 shows the calculation index system of radar active jamming equipment effectiveness.

Figure 2 shows the calculation process of the effectiveness of radar active jamming equipment.

detailed description

The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.

A radar active jamming effectiveness measurement method based on jamming mechanism and decision-making ability, comprising the following steps:

1 Calculation of signal interception performance

The signal interception performance index reflects the ability of the system to intercept signals in the frequency domain and airspace required by tactical missions. To examine the signal interception effectiveness, we must first consider the frequency domain and airspace required by the system’s tactical tasks, secondly examine the frequency domain and airspace that the system can cover, and finally analyze the system’s signal interception capabilities within its frequency domain or airspace.

The system signal interception efficiency calculation model is expressed by the following formula:

In the formula: θ _I1 ——the reconnaissance azimuth coverage actually achieved by the reconnaissance subsystem; θ _{I10 ——the} azimuth coverage expected or specified by the combat mission; θ _I2 ——the reconnaissance pitch coverage actually achieved by the reconnaissance subsystem; θ _I20 - Desired or mission-specified elevation coverage; ΔF _I - Actual reconnaissance frequency coverage achieved by the reconnaissance subsystem; ΔF _I0 - Desired or combat mission-specified frequency coverage; P _I - Reconnaissance subsystem Receiver probability of intercept.

Assuming that the azimuth, elevation, and frequency ranges of the electronic countermeasure reconnaissance equipment all cover the expected range, and the values are all 1, and the interception probability P _I of the reconnaissance receiver is 0.98, then E _I =0.98.

2. Calculation of Signal Analysis and Recognition Efficiency

According to the design scheme of a radar countermeasure system and the ability level of personnel, the signal processing probability PS of the _{reconnaissance} aircraft is 0.99, the weight value of the correction index n ₁ = 0.6, n ₂ , n ₄ = 0.1, n ₃ = 0.2, and the professional assessment score k ＝97, the psychological quality evaluation value gap |x ₁ |＝8, the working time x ₂ =10 years, the completion of past tasks was praised 5 times, that is, x ₃ =5, so

ρ＝0.6×0.97 ² +0.1×0.17+0.2×0.918+0.1×1＝0.865

The radiation source attribute recognition degree ρ is 0.865, then _{E R} =PS·ρ=0.99·0.865=0.86.

3 Calculation of interference aiming effectiveness

_EC is the jamming guidance aiming effectiveness, which means the ability of the electronic countermeasure system to guide the jamming launch equipment to implement jamming. This capability is described by the relative jamming coverage coefficient and guidance probability, namely

In the formula: ΔΩ _c is the interference airspace specified in the combat mission; Δω _c is the interference airspace actually reached by the system; ΔF _c is the interference frequency band specified in the combat mission; Δf _c is the interference frequency band actually reached by the system; P _C is the azimuth guidance probability and The product of frequency-guided probabilities.

The calculation assumes that the active jammer fully meets the coverage requirements, and the relative interference coverage factor is 1; the azimuth guidance probability and frequency guidance probability are both 1, therefore, the jamming aiming effectiveness value is:

4 Calculation of Interference Timing Effectiveness

_ET is the effectiveness of jamming timing, which means the effectiveness of the jammer to correctly implement jamming within the radar threat time _. The larger the ET, the better the jamming effect. Can be expressed as:

Among them, T ₁ ~ T ₂ is the radar threat time, (t _Sj ,t _Ej ),j-1,…,n is the n period of jammer interference, satisfying t _Sj ,t _Ej ∈(T ₁ ,T ₂ ) , ω _j is the weight of each segment,

The radar is turned on for 30 seconds, assuming that the jamming starts after the jammer is identified, it takes 5 seconds. The time includes interception time, identification time, personnel reaction time, and interference reaction time.

Interference timing performance value is:

5 Calculation of Interference Pattern Effectiveness

An improved weighted fusion estimation algorithm is adopted. The core idea is to consider the local estimation of each sensor, formulate weighting factors for each sensor according to reasonable principles, and finally obtain the global system estimation by weighting and integrating all local estimations. The specific steps are:

和

m∈{M₁,M₂,……,M_S}，设各传感器 M₁,M₂,……,M_S的加权因子分别为W₁,W₂,……,W_S，假定

是无偏估计，且任意两个传感器局部估计误差间互不相关，则有总均方误差为：Assuming that the fusion of N sensor tracks is discussed, there are interrelated tracks for sensors M ₁ , M ₂ ,...,M _S (S≤N). Assume that for the same target, sensors M ₁ , M ₂ ,..., The local estimates of M _S and the corresponding error covariance matrix are:

and

m∈{M ₁ ,M ₂ ,……,M _S }, let the weighting factors of each sensor M ₁ ,M ₂ ,……,M _S be respectively W ₁ ,W ₂ ,……,W _S , assuming

is an unbiased estimate, and the local estimation errors of any two sensors are not correlated with each other, then the total mean square error is:

彼此独立，并且都是x的无偏估计，所以：Under the assumption that the local estimation errors of each sensor are independent of each other, that is,

are independent of each other and are both unbiased estimates of x, so:

So the total mean square error P is:

According to formula (3), the weighting factor corresponding to the minimum total mean square error is further calculated as:

The corresponding minimum mean square error at this time is:

A new weighted fusion algorithm model is established by formulas (3) and (4), that is, the optimal adaptive weighted fusion algorithm model, and its fusion equation is:

According to the parameters of a certain type of active jamming equipment, the theoretical effectiveness value of the effective jamming pattern adopted by this type of equipment for the interpulse compression radar is 0.93, the empirical value of the jamming pattern is 0.89, and the operational effectiveness value of the jamming pattern E _M0 = 0.915.

Correction index weight value n ₁ = 0.7, n ₂ , n ₃ , n ₄ = 0.1, the specific correction index parameters are the same as in 2.2 above, then the interference pattern effectiveness E _M of the radar target in the database external pulse compression system can be calculated as follows:

E _M =0.7×0.915+0.1×0.17+0.1×0.918+0.1×1=0.85

6 Calculation of interference power effectiveness

E _P is the interference power efficiency, which is a comprehensive performance index to measure the interference capability of the jammer. The larger the E _P is, the better the interference effect is. The interference power efficiency can be expressed as:

(K_min,K_max)为干扰机对雷达有效干扰的压制系数取值范围。Among them, K _J1 and K _J2 respectively represent the suppression coefficients when the jammer starts and ends the jamming,

(K _min , K _max ) is the value range of the suppressing coefficient of the jammer's effective jamming to the radar.

The compression coefficient can be expressed as:

In the formula:

K _J : Cover target interference suppression coefficient; P _j : Interference transmission power; G _j : Interference antenna gain;

P _t : radar transmit power; G _t : radar transmit antenna gain; μ: radar feeder loss (take 0.4-0.6)

R _t : distance between radar and jammer; L _j : polarization loss; σ: target radar reflection area; Δf ₀ : radar receiver IF bandwidth; Δf _j : jamming signal bandwidth.

During the calculation, it is assumed that the target radar is turned on from 150km away, the aircraft approaches me at 250 meters per second, is interfered after 5 seconds, and turns off after 30 seconds. At the moment when the jammer starts jamming and when the jamming ends, the distance between the target and our reconnaissance plane is 148.75km and 142.5km respectively;

Target radar related calculation parameters:

Transmission power P _t : 20kw

Antenna gain G _t : 36dB

Receive bandwidth Δf ₀ : 10MHz

Radar boot time: 30s

I have active interference equipment related calculation parameters:

Protection target radar reflection cross section σ: 500m ²

Radiation power P _j : 5kw

Antenna gain G _j : 20dB

Blocking interference Δf _j : 40MHz

Polarization loss L _j : 13dB

Suppression coefficient range (K _min , K _max ): 5dB—12dB

Then there are:

The suppression coefficients K _J1 and K _J2 are both larger than 12dB, so the interference power efficiency E _P =1.

7 Calculation of Radar Active Jamming Effectiveness

According to the calculation model of active jamming combat effectiveness, combined with the calculation results of the above combat effectiveness, there is: E=E _I E _R E _C E _M E _T E _P =0.98×0.85×1×0.833×0.85×1=0.59.

Claims (1)

1. A radar active interference efficiency measuring and calculating method based on an interference mechanism and decision-making capability comprises the following steps:

(I) constructing radar active interference calculation index system

Respectively calculating signal interception efficiency, signal analysis and identification efficiency, interference aiming efficiency, interference power efficiency, interference opportunity efficiency and interference pattern efficiency according to the established calculation index system, and multiplying indexes to obtain a radar active interference efficiency calculation model;

the four indexes of signal interception efficiency, interference aiming efficiency, interference power efficiency and interference opportunity efficiency can be calculated by methods in known documents, and the methods for analyzing and identifying signals and calculating interference pattern efficiency are as follows:

(1) Signal analysis and identification efficiency calculation method

E _R The comprehensive performance index for measuring the system signal analysis processing capability is described by two factors of signal processing probability and radiation source attribute identification degree, and specifically comprises the following steps: e _R ＝P _S ·ρ

In the formula: p is _S Is the signal processing probability; rho is the radiation source attribute identification degree; probability of signal processing P _S The calculation of the radiation source attribute identification degree rho is divided into two cases according to the parameters of the equipment: identifying targets inside and outside the database; the rho value of the target in the database is directly determined according to specific equipment parameters; rho of a target outside the database is closely related to the knowledge level of personnel, a relation curve is approximately in a power exponential type, and a membership function of the relation curve is as follows:

in the formula: k is professional theoretical assessment results;

the radiation source attribute identification rho is corrected by adopting the following indexes:

the first correction index is as follows: psychological diathesisFactors of the design

And a second correction index: skill proficiency level

Correction index three: past task completion

Wherein x is ₁ Representing the difference between self-evaluation and tissue evaluation; x is a radical of a fluorine atom ₂ Representing professional working hours; x is the number of ₃ Representing the completion condition of the past task, and showing the number of times of the approval or the criticizing;

a correction calculation formula of the radiation source attribute identification degree rho is as follows:

when calculating the attribute identification degree of the radiation source, the expert sets a weight value according to the importance of each correction index, wherein n ₁ +n ₂ +n ₃ +n ₄ =1, then ρ is calculated as:

(2) Interference pattern efficiency calculation method

E _M The performance of the interference pattern of the interference machine is related to the radar system and the anti-interference measures used by the radar, and is more closely related to the decision-making capability level of users; therefore, in conjunction with a specific equipment type, the interference pattern performance calculation is divided into two cases: the interference pattern efficiency of the target in the database, and the interference pattern efficiency of the target outside the database;

interference pattern efficiency values for targets within database: according to the actual situation of radar interference equipment, the interference pattern efficiency E of the target in the database _M The values are dependent on the specific equipment performance parameters;

interference samples of targets outside of databaseFormula (I) efficacy value: according to the working system and the anti-interference capability of the interference object radar, the interference effectiveness values of different interference patterns to the radars with different systems are different and are called as interference pattern theoretical values; meanwhile, according to the physical semi-physical simulation and the actual training, the effectiveness values of different interference patterns on radars of different systems are obtained, a numerical fusion model is established by adopting a mature weighted fusion algorithm, the fusion effectiveness value of the theoretical value of the interference pattern and the empirical value of the interference pattern is calculated, and the value is used as the combat effectiveness value E of the interference pattern on the radar system _M0 ；

In the calculation of E _M0 On the basis, the interference pattern combat effect value is further corrected by adopting the correction index, and then the interference pattern effect value E of the target outside the database _M Comprises the following steps: e _M ＝m ₁ E _M0 +m ₂ μ ₁ (x ₁ )+m ₃ μ ₂ (x ₂ )+m ₄ μ ₃ (x ₃ )

m ₁ ～m ₄ The weight value is set by the expert according to the importance of each correction index, wherein m ₁ +m ₂ +m ₃ +m ₄ ＝1；

From the angle of operation use, the active interference effect mainly depends on signal interception, signal sorting and identification, interference aiming, interference opportunity, interference pattern and interference power, so that the active interference dynamic efficiency calculation model is as follows: e = E _I E _R E _C E _M E _T E _P 。

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