CN110616284A - High-efficiency alkali metal carbonate double-salt flux for smelting ferronickel in laterite-nickel ore electric furnace - Google Patents
High-efficiency alkali metal carbonate double-salt flux for smelting ferronickel in laterite-nickel ore electric furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN110616284A CN110616284A CN201911019252.8A CN201911019252A CN110616284A CN 110616284 A CN110616284 A CN 110616284A CN 201911019252 A CN201911019252 A CN 201911019252A CN 110616284 A CN110616284 A CN 110616284A
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- double
- smelting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
- C21B11/06—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in rotary kilns
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
- C21B3/02—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron by applying additives, e.g. fluxing agents
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency alkali metal carbonate double-salt flux for smelting ferronickel in a laterite-nickel ore electric furnace. The composition consists of the following components: na (Na)2CO3 50％～80％，K2CO3 17％～50％，Li2CO31 to 4 percent. The double-salt flux is used for smelting in a rotary kiln-submerged arc furnace process (RKEF), compared with the traditional flux, the double-salt flux has the advantages of small flux addition amount, good effect of reducing melting temperature and viscosity, small slag amount in the smelting process, great reduction of smelting power consumption, good slag fluidity, great benefit for separation of slag and metal and improvement of metal recovery rate, and basically no CaF2、SiO2The corrosion to the furnace lining is small, the service life of the furnace is greatly prolonged, and the comprehensive cost of smelting ferronickel in the laterite-nickel ore electric furnace is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-efficiency alkali metal carbonate double-salt flux for smelting ferronickel in a laterite-nickel ore electric furnace, belonging to the technical field of laterite-nickel ore smelting.
Background
The existing industrial mature pyrometallurgical process of laterite-nickel ore is rotary kiln prereduction and electric furnace smelting process (RKEF), the process flow is short, roasted calcine is added into an electric furnace, nickel reduction and separation of ferronickel and slag can be completed in the electric furnace, but the only defect of electric furnace smelting production is large energy consumption, according to the investigation of American society for metals, the power consumption of each ton of calcine varies from 379 to 600 kW.h, and the average power consumption is 502 kW.h. Therefore, the problem of high energy consumption of the pyrometallurgical process of the laterite-nickel ore is always the effort direction of the majority of metallurgists.
In the ferronickel smelting engineering, because of SiO in the laterite-nickel ore2The content of (b) is high, and in order to improve the fluidity of slag and improve the desulfurization ability, it is a common method to add a certain amount of quicklime. Chinese patent CN103498064A discloses a composite fluxing agent for smelting laterite-nickel ore, by adding fluxes such as fluorite, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, barium carbonate and potassium chlorate, the CaO content is controlled to be 1-5%, the slag phase melting point is reduced, and the ferronickel recovery rate is improved, but the weight ratio of the composite fluxing agent to the laterite-nickel ore is 5-20: 100, which results in the increase of slag amount in the smelting process, the reduction of effective volume of an electric furnace, the final reduction of utilization coefficient of the electric furnace, and the increase of smelting power consumption, and meanwhile, fluorite (CaF) is added2) Can erode the refractory material in the furnace and reduce the service life of the furnace.
The smelting process without lime or with little lime can greatly reduce the slag amount and improve the utilization coefficient of the electric furnace, but the increase of the slag viscosity and the increase of the melting temperature can be caused. Therefore, the Yuan-Qiu-Gajust researches a low-calcium slag system of the laterite-nickel ore electric furnace smelting process, wherein CaO in the slag system is controlled to be 1.5 percent, and the alkalinity (MgO/SiO) of the slag system is controlled to be 1.5 percent2) 0.6-1.0 percent and 5-25 percent of FeO, and the result shows that the alkalinity or the content of FeO is increased, the viscosity of the slag is greatly reduced, the melting temperature of the slag is also reduced, but a large amount of FeO and MgO are introduced, so that the whole slag system is converted into FeO-SiO2-MgO slag systemThe melting temperature and viscosity of the slag are increased, the fluidity of the slag is deteriorated, and the slag amount is increased, so that the smelting power consumption is greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-efficiency alkali metal carbonate double-salt flux for smelting ferronickel in a laterite-nickel ore electric furnace. The invention innovatively adopts the alkali metal carbonate double salt as the flux, the alkali metal carbonate double salt is composed of sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and lithium carbonate, has lower melting temperature and viscosity, small addition amount and small slag amount in the smelting process, greatly reduces the smelting power consumption, and does not contain CaF2、SiO2And the corrosion to the furnace lining is small, the service life of the furnace is greatly prolonged, and the comprehensive smelting cost is greatly reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a high-efficiency alkali metal carbonate double-salt flux for smelting ferronickel in a laterite-nickel ore electric furnace, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Na2CO350％～80％，K2CO317％～50％，Li2CO31％～4％。
as a preferred scheme, the high-efficiency alkali metal carbonate double-salt flux for smelting ferronickel in the laterite-nickel ore electric furnace is composed of the following components in percentage by mass:
Na2CO360％～80％，K2CO318％～40％，Li2CO31％～3％。
as a further preferred scheme, the invention relates to a high-efficiency alkali metal carbonate double-salt flux for smelting ferronickel in a laterite-nickel ore electric furnace, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Na2CO370％～80％，K2CO318％～35％，Li2CO31.5％～3％。
as a further preferable scheme, the high-efficiency alkali metal carbonate double-salt flux for smelting ferronickel in the laterite-nickel ore electric furnace comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Na2CO370％～79％，K2CO319％～30％，Li2CO31.5％～2.6％。
as a further preferable scheme, the high-efficiency alkali metal carbonate double-salt flux for smelting ferronickel in the laterite-nickel ore electric furnace comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Na2CO371％～79％，K2CO319％～25％，Li2CO31.5％～2.6％。
the double-salt flux is used for smelting in a rotary kiln-submerged arc furnace process (RKEF), and the ratio of laterite-nickel ore to flux to coke powder is 100: 1-2: 10.
The invention relates to a high-efficiency alkali metal carbonate double-salt flux for smelting ferronickel in a laterite-nickel ore electric furnace, which is used for smelting in a rotary kiln-submerged arc furnace process (RKEF), wherein the melting temperature of the obtained ferronickel slag is 1362-1380 ℃.
The invention relates to a high-efficiency alkali metal carbonate double-salt flux for smelting ferronickel in a laterite-nickel ore electric furnace, which is used for smelting in a rotary kiln-submerged arc furnace process (RKEF), and the viscosity of the obtained ferronickel slag at 1550 ℃ is between 0.26 Pa.s and 0.31 Pa.s.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) the alkali metal carbonate double salt flux has low melting point, low viscosity, good fluidity, is very beneficial to separation of slag and metal recovery rate improvement, and has low smelting power consumption.
2) The alkali metal carbonate double salt flux has the advantages of small addition amount, small slag amount in the smelting process and reduction of smelting power consumption.
3) The alkali metal double carbonate flux is free of CaF2、SiO2And the corrosion to the furnace lining is small, and the service life of the furnace is greatly prolonged.
4) The alkali metal carbonate double salt flux can reduce the comprehensive cost of smelting ferronickel in a laterite-nickel ore electric furnace.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and are not intended to be in any way limiting.
Example 1
Preparing a fusing agent: the mass percentage of the Na is Na2CO373.2％、K2CO324％、Li2CO32.8 percent, and burning the mixture for 2 hours at 900 ℃ to decompose the double salt.
Mixing materials: the laterite-nickel ore, the flux and the coke powder are mixed according to the proportion of 100:2:10 and evenly mixed to obtain a mixture.
Smelting the mixture by a rotary kiln-submerged arc furnace process (RKEF) to obtain ferronickel and ferronickel slag, wherein the main physical indexes of the ferronickel slag are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 chemical composition (wt%) of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4 and physicochemical properties thereof
Examples 2 to 4
The flux was prepared as in example 1, with the components shown in Table 2
The mixture and the smelting process are the same as in example 1, and the main physical property indexes of the obtained nickel-iron slag are shown in table 1.
TABLE 2 mass percent (wt%) of double salt flux
Comparative examples 1 to 4
The flux was prepared as in example 1, with the components shown in Table 2
The mixture and the smelting process are the same as in example 1, and the main physical property indexes of the obtained nickel-iron slag are shown in table 1.
The ratio of the laterite nickel ore to the flux to the coke powder in the embodiments 1-3 is 100:2:10, the mass percentage of the double salt flux is in the range, and compared with the comparative example 1, the melting temperature and viscosity can be reduced.
The ratio of the laterite nickel ore to the flux to the coke powder in the comparative examples 2-3 is 100:2:10, the mass percentage of the double salt flux is not in the range, and compared with the examples 1-3, the effect of reducing the melting temperature and the viscosity is poor.
The ratio of the laterite nickel ore to the flux to the coke powder in example 1 is 100:2:10, the ratio of the laterite nickel ore to the flux to the coke powder in example 4 is 100:1:10, the ratio of the laterite nickel ore to the flux to the coke powder in comparative example 4 is 100:4:10, the mass percentages of the double salt fluxes in examples 1, 4 and 4 are the same, and the effect of reducing the melting temperature and viscosity of the double salt flux is not obvious in comparative example 4 compared with examples 1 and 4 although the amount of the double salt flux is increased, which shows that the ratio of the laterite nickel ore to the flux to the coke powder is 100: 1-2: 10 is more suitable.
Comparative example 5
Preparing a fusing agent: the mass percentage of the components is CaO31.8 percent and CaF215.9％、Na2CO3 2％、Ba2CO331.8％、Na2SO4 2.6％、KClO315.9 percent, and the double salt is decomposed by burning for 2 hours at 900 ℃.
Mixing materials: the laterite-nickel ore, the flux and the coke powder are mixed according to the proportion of 100:10:10 and evenly mixed to obtain a mixture.
The smelting process is the same as example 1, and the main physical indexes of the obtained nickel-iron slag are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 chemical composition (wt%) and physicochemical properties of comparative examples 5 to 6
The proportion of the laterite-nickel ore, the flux and the coke powder in the comparative example 5 is 100:10:10, the melting temperature is reduced, but the addition amount of the flux is large, the slag amount in the smelting process is increased, the effective volume of the electric furnace is reduced, the utilization coefficient of the electric furnace is finally reduced, the smelting power consumption is increased, and meanwhile CaF is added2Erosion of refractory material in the furnace and reduction of the furnaceAnd (5) service life.
Comparative example 6
Preparing a fusing agent: the mass percentage of the material is 80.4 percent of FeO and 19.6 percent of MgO6.
Mixing materials: the laterite-nickel ore, the flux and the coke powder are mixed according to the proportion of 100:10:10 and evenly mixed to obtain a mixture.
The smelting process is the same as example 1, and the main physical indexes of the obtained nickel-iron slag are shown in Table 3.
The ratio of the laterite-nickel ore to the flux to the coke powder of the comparative example 6 is 100:10:10, although CaOCaF is not added2Reduces the corrosion to the acid furnace lining, but introduces a large amount of FeO and MgO, which causes the whole slag system to be converted into FeO-SiO2The MgO slag system has increased melting temperature and viscosity, poor slag fluidity and increased slag quantity, which greatly increases the smelting power consumption.
Claims (8)
1. An efficient alkali metal carbonate double salt flux for smelting ferronickel in a laterite-nickel ore electric furnace is characterized in that: the double-salt flux consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
Na2CO350％～80％，K2CO317％～50％，Li2CO31％～4％。
2. a double salt flux according to claim 1, wherein: the double-salt flux consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
Na2CO360％～80％，K2CO318％～40％，Li2CO31％～3％。
3. a double salt flux according to claim 1, wherein: the double-salt flux consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
Na2CO370％～80％，K2CO318％～35％，Li2CO31.5％～3％。
4. a double salt flux according to claim 3, wherein: the double-salt flux consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
Na2CO370％～79％，K2CO319％～30％，Li2CO31.5％～2.6％。
5. a double salt flux according to claim 4, wherein: the double-salt flux consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
Na2CO371％～79％，K2CO319％～25％，Li2CO31.5％～2.6％。
6. use of a novel double alkali metal carbonate flux according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the double-salt flux is used for smelting in a rotary kiln-submerged arc furnace process, and the ratio of the laterite-nickel ore to the flux to the coke powder is 100: 1-2: 10.
7. Use of a novel double alkali metal carbonate flux according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the double salt flux is used for smelting in a rotary kiln-submerged arc furnace process, and the melting temperature of the obtained nickel-iron slag is between 1362 ℃ and 1380 ℃.
8. Use of a novel double alkali metal carbonate flux according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the double salt flux is used for smelting in a rotary kiln-submerged arc furnace process, and the viscosity of the obtained nickel-iron slag at 1550 ℃ is 0.26 Pa.s-0.31 Pa.s.
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Citations (6)
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| JPS6233740A (en) * | 1985-08-02 | 1987-02-13 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Method for dephosphorizing mn alloy |
| CN101463403A (en) * | 2009-01-16 | 2009-06-24 | 洮南市金升冶金产品有限公司 | Nickel iron smelting technique by laterite nickel ore |
| CN102094094A (en) * | 2011-01-17 | 2011-06-15 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Process for smelting ferronickel from red soil nickel ore |
| CN102906285A (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2013-01-30 | 吴美惠 | Additive composition for metal sintering |
| CN103498064A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2014-01-08 | 连云港市东茂矿业有限公司 | Composite flux for laterite nickel ore smelting and application thereof |
| CN105018757A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-11-04 | 厦门大学 | Metal melting protective agent and preparation method and application thereof |
-
2019
- 2019-10-24 CN CN201911019252.8A patent/CN110616284B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6233740A (en) * | 1985-08-02 | 1987-02-13 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Method for dephosphorizing mn alloy |
| CN101463403A (en) * | 2009-01-16 | 2009-06-24 | 洮南市金升冶金产品有限公司 | Nickel iron smelting technique by laterite nickel ore |
| CN102906285A (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2013-01-30 | 吴美惠 | Additive composition for metal sintering |
| CN102094094A (en) * | 2011-01-17 | 2011-06-15 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Process for smelting ferronickel from red soil nickel ore |
| CN103498064A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2014-01-08 | 连云港市东茂矿业有限公司 | Composite flux for laterite nickel ore smelting and application thereof |
| CN105018757A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-11-04 | 厦门大学 | Metal melting protective agent and preparation method and application thereof |
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