CN110608061B - Prestressed grouting anchor rod and installation and recovery method thereof - Google Patents
Prestressed grouting anchor rod and installation and recovery method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110608061B CN110608061B CN201910748943.5A CN201910748943A CN110608061B CN 110608061 B CN110608061 B CN 110608061B CN 201910748943 A CN201910748943 A CN 201910748943A CN 110608061 B CN110608061 B CN 110608061B
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- hollow screw
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0093—Accessories
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a prestress grouting anchor rod, which comprises a hollow screw rod, an anchoring piece and a mounting sleeve, wherein the hollow screw rod comprises a first section, a second section and a non-threaded section, the end part of the hollow screw rod is provided with a clamping joint, and a grouting channel is arranged in the hollow screw rod; the anchoring piece comprises a base, a propelling nut and at least three supporting units, and each supporting unit comprises an upper supporting piece, a lower supporting piece and a top; the base is provided with a clamping groove; the pushing nut is arranged on the first thread section, the clamping groove is clamped on the clamping joint, and the hollow screw is limited to rotate around the axis of the hollow screw only; the installation sleeve is sleeved outside the hollow screw rod provided with the anchoring piece, the plug extends out of the limit groove of the installation sleeve, and the hollow screw rod can be rotated to drive the propelling nut to move on the first thread section, so that the distance between the plug of each supporting unit and the wall of the drilling hole is adjusted. The invention also provides a method for installing and recovering the prestressed grouting anchor rod. The anchor rod has large anchoring force, is recoverable and can adapt to different anchoring purposes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering support, and relates to a prestressed grouting anchor rod and an installation and recovery method thereof.
Background
Along with the continuous development of underground engineering in China to deep places, the surrounding rock control theory and technology of the deep engineering have important significance for guaranteeing the safety, high-efficiency construction and production of the deep underground engineering, and the most effective way for controlling underground surrounding rock is to apply an anchor rod to a drilled hole, so that the anchor rod has decisive effect for guaranteeing the safety of the underground engineering construction.
The anchor rod is used as a supporting member which is arranged in surrounding rock and made of high-tensile-strength materials (such as steel materials) and is used for supporting engineering such as open side slopes, underground caves, roadway engineering, building foundation pits and the like. When carrying out anchor bolt support, at first drilling on the country rock, then install the stock in the drilling, under the effect of stock and country rock, cooperation tray and nut control country rock remove, consolidate the country rock, play the effect of support anchor, improve the bearing capacity of rock mass, effectively prevent to take place problems such as falling rocks, landslide and rock burst.
Because of the difference of geological conditions and construction conditions of the anchoring area, different types of anchor rods are generally adopted when anchor rod support is carried out, and the types of anchor rods adopted at home and abroad at present mainly comprise: the mechanical anchor rods such as wedge joint type anchor rods, expansion shell type anchor rods and the like can only bear the force applied by the anchor rods to surrounding rock passively, cannot provide active supporting force, and have small supporting force and poor anchoring effect under the condition of soft and broken geology; the friction anchor rods such as the pipe seam anchor rods and the hydraulic expansion anchor rods have the anchoring effect by generating friction force through the expansion of the anchor rod body and the action of surrounding rock, the anchoring strength depends on the plastic deformation of the anchor rod body, the anchoring force is changed along with the change of the anchor rod body, and the anchoring state is unstable and even the anchoring is invalid possibly caused by the bending of the anchor rod body; grouting anchor rods are mainstream anchor rods used in the existing supporting engineering, the anchoring effect of the grouting anchor rods depends on the strength of anchoring adhesive, and the anchor rods can fail due to the damage of the anchoring adhesive. These anchors are not recyclable basically, cannot be taken out after being installed in surrounding rock, can be used only once, and not only causes a great amount of material resource waste, but also the waste anchors remain in the surrounding rock and may cause difficulty in subsequent engineering progress. According to different support purposes, the anchor bolt support can be divided into temporary support and permanent support, and most of the existing anchor bolts can only support for a single purpose and cannot adapt to different support purposes. Therefore, in the great background of the development of the current geotechnical engineering to the deep part, the development of the anchor rod which has large anchoring force, is recoverable and can adapt to different anchoring purposes is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a prestress grouting anchor rod which has large anchoring force and can be recycled and adapt to different anchoring purposes, and an installation and recycling method thereof, so as to solve the problems that the anchoring effect of the existing anchor rod is to be improved, the recycling is difficult and the existing anchor rod cannot adapt to different supporting purposes.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a prestressed grouting anchor rod comprises a hollow screw rod, a fixing nut, a tray, a grout stop plug, an anchoring piece and a mounting sleeve,
the hollow screw comprises a first thread section, a second thread section and a non-thread section, the directions of threads on the first thread section and the second thread section are opposite, one end of the first thread section is connected with the non-thread section, a clamping head is arranged at the end of the non-thread section, a grouting channel is arranged in the hollow screw, an inlet of the grouting channel is positioned at the end of the second thread section, and an outlet of the grouting channel is positioned at the end of the clamping head;
the anchoring piece comprises a base, a propelling nut and at least three supporting units, each supporting unit comprises a group of upper supporting pieces, a group of lower supporting pieces and a plug, one end of each upper supporting piece is hinged with the plug, the other end of each upper supporting piece is hinged with the base, one end of each lower supporting piece is hinged with the plug, the other end of each lower supporting piece is hinged with the propelling nut, and each supporting unit is uniformly distributed on the base and the propelling nut; the base is provided with a clamping groove matched with the clamping connector, the center of the clamping groove is provided with a grouting through hole, and the bottom surface of the base is provided with supporting feet;
one end of the mounting sleeve is provided with limiting grooves for limiting the anchoring piece to rotate along with the rotation of the hollow screw rod, and the number of the limiting grooves is the same as that of the supporting units of the anchoring piece;
the propelling nut of the anchoring piece is arranged on the first thread section of the hollow screw rod, the clamping groove of the base of the anchoring piece is clamped on the clamping joint of the hollow screw rod, and the clamping groove limits the hollow screw rod to rotate only around the axis of the hollow screw rod; the installation sleeve is sleeved outside the hollow screw rod provided with the anchoring piece, the top head of the anchoring piece extends out of the limit groove of the installation sleeve, and the hollow screw rod can be rotated to drive the propelling nut to move on the first thread section, so that the distance between the top head of each supporting unit and the wall of the drilling hole is adjusted; the tray and the grout stop plug are mounted on the second thread section of the hollow screw rod through a fixing nut.
In the technical scheme of the prestress grouting anchor rod, the surfaces of the base, the propelling nut, the upper supporting piece, the lower supporting piece and the plug of the anchor are preferably rough surfaces, and the increase of the surface roughness of the base, the propelling nut, the upper supporting piece, the lower supporting piece and the plug of the anchor can increase the bonding area of the anchor and grouting materials, so that the occlusion degree between the anchor and the grouting materials is increased, and the anchoring force is effectively improved.
In the technical scheme of the prestressed grouting anchor rod, the lengths of the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece of each supporting unit are required to meet the requirement that when the pushing nut moves on the first threaded section to the point that the top contacts with the wall of the drilling hole, the included angle between the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece is an obtuse angle. When the plug contacts with the wall of the borehole, the included angle between the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece is an obtuse angle, so that the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece can ensure that the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece play a better supporting role on the plug, the anchoring effect of the anchor rod in the borehole is improved, the included angle between the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece is preferably 100-140 degrees, more preferably 110-130 degrees, still more preferably 115-125 degrees.
In the technical scheme of the prestressed grouting anchor rod, the number of the supporting units in the anchor is determined according to actual surrounding rock conditions, the more the supporting units are, the better the anchoring effect is, but the number of the supporting units in the anchor is not more than eight.
In the technical scheme of the prestress grouting anchor rod, the clamping connector comprises a clamping connector body and a clamping connector neck, wherein the clamping connector body and the clamping connector neck are cylindrical, the axes of the clamping connector body and the clamping connector neck are coincident with the axis of the hollow screw rod, and the diameter of the clamping connector neck is smaller than that of the clamping connector body.
In the technical scheme of the prestress grouting anchor rod, the base of the anchor is composed of a left part and a right part, bolt through holes are formed in the left part and the right part and are fixed into a whole through bolt pairs, grooves are formed in the left part and the right part, after the bolt pairs are fixed into a whole, the grooves in the left part and the right part form clamping grooves and grouting through holes of the base, the clamping grooves comprise clamping connector body accommodating parts matched with clamping connector bodies and clamping connector neck accommodating parts matched with clamping connector necks, and 1-3 supporting feet are respectively arranged on the bottom surfaces of the left part and the right part.
In the technical scheme of the prestress grouting anchor rod, the base and the propelling nut are respectively provided with the convex blocks for hinging the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece, and the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece are hinged on the convex blocks.
In the technical scheme of the prestress grouting anchor rod, the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece are supporting bars, each group of upper supporting piece comprises two supporting bars, each group of lower supporting piece comprises two supporting bars, and the lengths of the supporting bars are equal. The support bars in the same group of upper support pieces are parallel to each other, and the support bars in the same group of lower support pieces are parallel to each other. The supporting bar can be steel bars, the length of the supporting bar is mainly determined according to the diameter of a drilling hole of the prestressed grouting anchor rod to be installed, and the length of the supporting bar can be 20-40 cm generally.
In the technical scheme of the prestress grouting anchor rod, the setting positions of the limiting grooves are matched with the positions of the supporting units, the length of each limiting groove is at least 0.8 times of the sum of the lengths of the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece, and the length of each limiting groove is preferably 1-1.5 times of the sum of the lengths of the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece. The width of the limit groove can be used for extending out of the top head, the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece of the anchoring piece.
In the technical scheme of the prestress grouting anchor rod, the first thread section and the second thread section with opposite thread directions are designed on the hollow screw rod, so that the problem that the top of the anchor piece is separated from the wall of the drill hole due to rotation of the hollow screw rod caused by screwing of the fixing nut when the second thread section of the drill hole is used for fixing the tray through the fixing nut after the hollow drill rod and the anchor piece are installed in the drill hole is solved, and stable anchoring of the anchor piece in the drill hole is guaranteed.
In the technical scheme of the prestress grouting anchor rod, the surface of the plug, which is contacted with the borehole wall, is a plane or an arc surface matched with the radian of the borehole wall, and the shape of the surface of the plug, which is contacted with the borehole wall, is preferably an arc surface matched with the radian of the borehole wall because the contact area of the arc surface and the borehole wall is larger than the plane; in the process that the pushing nut moves on the first thread section to drive the plug to move, the contact surface of the plug of each supporting unit and the borehole wall is always parallel to the axis of the hollow drill rod; for the condition that the shape of the surface of the plug contacted with the borehole wall is an arc surface matched with the radian of the borehole wall, when the pushing nut moves on the first thread section to drive the plug to move, the surface of the plug of each supporting unit contacted with the borehole wall is always parallel to the borehole wall.
In the technical scheme of the prestressed grouting anchor rod, the inner diameter of the drilled hole for installing the prestressed grouting anchor rod is 1.1-1.3 times of the outer diameter of the installation sleeve, the length of the installation sleeve is larger than that of the drilled hole for installing the prestressed grouting anchor rod, the length of the hollow screw rod is larger than that of the installation sleeve, the length of the hollow screw rod can be determined according to the actual engineering requirement, and the length of the hollow screw rod is usually 2-3 m. The diameter of the tray is larger than that of the drilled hole, the slurry stop plug is in a shape of a circular table, the upper bottom diameter of the circular table is smaller than that of the drilled hole, the lower bottom diameter of the circular table is larger than that of the drilled hole, and through holes for the second thread sections to pass through are formed in the tray and the slurry stop plug.
The invention also provides a method for installing and recovering the prestressed grouting anchor, which comprises the following steps:
(1) drilling a borehole in the surrounding rock;
(2) sleeving the mounting sleeve outside the hollow screw rod provided with the anchoring piece, adjusting an included angle between the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece to enable the top head of the anchoring piece to extend out of a limit groove of the mounting sleeve and not contact with the wall of the drilling hole after the mounting sleeve is put into the drilling hole, putting the mounting sleeve into the drilling hole to enable supporting feet on a base of the anchoring piece and the mounting sleeve to prop against the bottom of the drilling hole so that the axis of the hollow screw rod coincides with the axis of the drilling hole, fixing the mounting sleeve, rotating the hollow screw rod to drive a propelling nut of the anchoring piece to move towards the bottom of the drilling hole and drive the top head to move towards the wall of the drilling hole until the top head contacts with the wall of the drilling hole to generate prestress, continuously rotating the hollow screw rod until the prestress is applied, and taking out the mounting sleeve;
(3) when grouting is not needed, fixing the tray on the drill hole through a fixing nut on the second thread section so as to fix the hollow screw in the drill hole and finish the installation of the prestressed grouting anchor rod; after the supporting task is completed, the fixing nut and the tray are removed, the hollow screw rod is rotated to drive the propelling nut of the anchoring piece to move towards the drill hole opening and drive the plug to move towards the hollow screw rod until the plug is separated from contact with the wall of the drill hole, and the hollow screw rod and the anchoring piece are taken out of the drill hole, so that the recovery of the prestress grouting anchor rod is completed;
or,
when grouting is needed, the grouting plug and the tray are fixed at the drill hole through the fixing nut on the second thread section, so that the hollow screw rod is fixed in the drill hole, grouting materials are injected into the drill hole through the grouting channel of the hollow screw rod, the inlet of the grouting channel is plugged after grouting materials are injected, and then the installation of the prestressed grouting anchor rod is completed.
In the step (2) of the method, after the installation sleeve is placed in the drill hole to enable the base of the anchoring piece and the installation sleeve to prop against the bottom of the drill hole, the installation sleeve is fixed by applying force to the installation sleeve towards the direction of the bottom of the drill hole because the length of the installation sleeve is longer than that of the drill hole and therefore one end of the installation sleeve, which is positioned at the drill hole, is positioned outside the drill hole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the invention provides a prestress grouting anchor rod, which is provided with an anchor for applying prestress to surrounding rock, wherein the anchor is matched with a base, a pushing nut, a plurality of supporting units and a hollow screw rod to realize the application of prestress to the surrounding rock, and a grouting channel is arranged on the hollow screw rod of the anchor rod.
2. The distance between the top of the anchoring piece and the borehole wall is adjustable, and the top can be contacted with the borehole wall through the cooperation of the hollow screw rod and the mounting sleeve, so that the prestress is applied to the borehole wall, and the top can be separated from contact with the borehole wall and can be taken out freely through rotating the hollow screw rod in the opposite direction under the condition of not injecting grouting materials. During temporary support, grouting can be omitted, the anchor rod can be recovered after the support task is completed, resources are recycled, and meanwhile, the difficulty of the waste anchor rod in the surrounding rock to the subsequent engineering progress is avoided; when the support is permanently supported, grouting can be performed, so that the anchor rod force is further increased, and the anchoring effect is enhanced.
3. The prestress grouting anchor rod provided by the invention has the characteristics of convenience in installation and recovery, the installation method is simple, the anchor rod is installed after drilling of a drill hole is completed, the pushing nut can move to the bottom of the drill hole to support the jack head by only rotating the hollow screw rod in a certain direction by matching with the installation sleeve, then the installation sleeve is taken out, the fixing nut is screwed down to fix the tray, and the installation is completed. Under the condition that grouting materials are not injected, the anchor rod provided by the invention can be recovered, the recovery method is simple, and the anchor rod can be taken out by rotating the hollow screw rod to enable the plug to be separated from contact with the borehole wall after the tray is taken down.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the prestressed grouting bolt provided by the invention after being anchored in a borehole.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the mounting sleeve.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the anchoring unit mounted on the first thread segment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of left/right portions of the base.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the bayonet joint of the hollow screw.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a plug of a hollow screw rod clamped in a clamping groove of a base.
Fig. 7 is a schematic illustration of the anchor in use with a set sleeve when installing the pre-stressed grout bolt of the present invention in a borehole.
In the figure, a 1-hollow screw, a 1-first thread section, a 1-2-second thread section, a 1-3-unthreaded section, a 2-fixing nut, a 3-tray, a 4-grout stop, a 5-anchoring piece, a 5-1-base, a 5-2-pushing nut, a 5-3-upper supporting piece, a 5-4-lower supporting piece, a 5-top, a 6-mounting sleeve, a 6-1-limit groove, a 7-clamping connector, a 7-1-clamping connector body, a 7-2-clamping head and neck, an 8-grouting channel, a 9-clamping groove, a 10-lug, a 11-drilling hole and a 12-bolt pair.
Detailed Description
The prestressed grouting anchor and the installation and recovery method thereof according to the present invention are further described below by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be noted that the following examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, since numerous insubstantial modifications and variations of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the above disclosure, and yet remain within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the structure of the prestressed grouting anchor is schematically shown in fig. 1, and the prestressed grouting anchor comprises a hollow screw 1, a fixing nut 2, a tray 3, a grout stop 4, an anchor 5 and a mounting sleeve 6.
The hollow screw 1 comprises a first thread section 1-1, a second thread section 1-2 and a thread-free section 1-3, a blank section with one end not provided with threads is arranged between the first thread section 1-1 and the second thread section 1-2, the directions of threads on the first thread section 1-1 and the second thread section 1-2 are opposite, specifically, the first thread section is a left-handed thread section, the second thread section is a right-handed thread section, one end part of the first thread section is connected with the thread-free section 1-3, and the end part of the thread-free section is provided with a clamping head 7. As shown in fig. 5, the clamping connector 7 is composed of a clamping connector body 7-1 and a clamping connector neck 7-2, the clamping connector body and the clamping connector neck are cylindrical, the axes of the clamping connector body and the clamping connector neck are coincident with the axis of the hollow screw rod, the diameter of the clamping connector neck is smaller than that of the clamping connector body, the second threaded section is positioned at one end of the hollow screw rod where the clamping connector is not arranged, a grouting channel 8 is arranged in the hollow screw rod, the inlet of the grouting channel 8 is positioned at the end part of the second threaded section 1-2, and the outlet of the grouting channel is positioned at the end part of the clamping connector 7.
The anchoring member 5 comprises a base 5-1, a push nut 5-2 and four supporting units, wherein each supporting unit comprises a group of upper supporting pieces 5-3, a group of lower supporting pieces 5-4 and a plug 5-5. One end of the upper supporting piece 5-3 is hinged with the top head 5-5, the other end is hinged with the base 5-1, one end of the lower supporting piece 5-4 is hinged with the top head 5-5, the other end is hinged with the pushing nut 5-2, four supporting units are uniformly distributed on the base 5-1 and the pushing nut 5-2, the lengths of the upper supporting piece 5-3 and the lower supporting piece 5-4 of each supporting unit are required to meet the condition that when the pushing nut 5-2 moves on the first thread section 1-1 until the top head 5-5 contacts with the drilling hole wall, the included angle between the upper supporting piece 5-3 and the lower supporting piece 5-4 is 110-130 degrees. Specifically, four lugs 10 for hinging the upper support 5-3 and the lower support 5-4 are arranged on the base 5-1 and the push nut 5-2; the upper supporting pieces 5-3 and the lower supporting pieces 5-4 are supporting strips, the supporting strips are made of steel bars, each group of upper supporting pieces comprises two supporting strips, each group of lower supporting pieces comprises two supporting strips, and the lengths of the supporting strips are equal; the top is a cuboid steel block, two hinge points are respectively arranged on the left side surface and the right side surface of the cuboid steel block, each hinge point is positioned on the same plane, the plane formed by each hinge point is parallel to the front side surface and the rear side surface of the cuboid steel block, the connecting line of the two hinge points close to the upper side surface and the connecting line of the two hinge points close to the lower side surface are parallel to the upper side surface and the lower side surface, and the distance from the connecting line of the two hinge points close to the upper side surface is equal to the distance from the connecting line of the two hinge points close to the lower side surface; in each supporting unit, one ends of two supporting bars serving as upper supporting pieces are respectively hinged to the convex blocks of the base, the other ends of the two supporting bars serving as lower supporting pieces are respectively hinged to the convex blocks of the pushing nuts, and the other ends of the two supporting bars serving as lower supporting pieces are respectively hinged to the convex blocks of the pushing nuts, so that when the pushing nuts drive the pushing heads to move, the plane of the pushing heads, which is close to the wall of the drilling hole, is always parallel to the axis of the hollow drilling rod and does not incline. The base 5-1 of the anchoring piece is provided with a clamping groove 9 matched with the clamping connector, the center of the clamping groove is provided with a grouting through hole 9-1, the inner diameter of the grouting through hole is larger than the diameter of a grouting channel of the hollow screw rod and smaller than the diameter of the hollow screw rod, and the bottom surface of the base is provided with two supporting legs 9-2. The base 5-1 of the anchor 5 is composed of a left part and a right part as shown in fig. 4, the left part and the right part are fixed into a whole through a bolt pair 12, grooves are formed in the left part and the right part, after the left part and the right part are fixed into a whole through the bolt pair, the grooves on the left part and the right part form a clamping groove 9 and a grouting through hole 9-1 of the base, the clamping groove comprises a clamping connector body accommodating part matched with a clamping connector body and a clamping connector neck accommodating part matched with a clamping connector neck, and supporting feet are respectively arranged on the bottom surfaces of the left part and the right part. The surfaces of the base 5-1, the push nut 5-2, the upper support 5-3, the lower support 5-4 and the plug 5-5 of the anchor 5 are rough surfaces.
As shown in fig. 2, one end of the mounting sleeve 6 is provided with four limiting grooves 6-1 for limiting the rotation of the anchoring member along with the rotation of the hollow screw, the setting positions of the limiting grooves are matched with the positions of the supporting units, and the length of the limiting grooves 6-1 is the sum of the lengths of the upper supporting piece 5-3 and the lower supporting piece 5-4. The length of the installation sleeve 6 is greater than the length of a drilling hole for installing the prestressed grouting anchor, the length of the hollow screw 1 is greater than the length of the installation sleeve 6, and the inner diameter of the drilling hole 11 for installing the prestressed grouting anchor is 1.3 times of the outer diameter of the installation sleeve. The diameter of the tray is larger than that of the drilled hole, the slurry stop plug is in a shape of a circular table, the upper bottom diameter of the circular table is smaller than that of the drilled hole, the lower bottom diameter of the circular table is larger than that of the drilled hole, and through holes for the second thread sections to pass through are formed in the tray and the slurry stop plug.
As shown in fig. 3 and 6, the push nut 5-2 of the anchoring member 5 is mounted on the first thread section 1-1 of the hollow screw 1, the clamping groove 9 of the base of the anchoring member 5 is clamped on the clamping joint 7 of the hollow screw, and the clamping groove 9 limits the hollow screw to rotate only around the axis of the hollow screw; the installation sleeve 6 is sleeved outside the hollow screw rod provided with the anchoring piece, the plug 5-5 of the anchoring piece 5 extends out of the limit groove 6-1 of the installation sleeve 6, and the hollow screw rod 1 can be rotated to drive the push nut 5-2 to move on the first thread section 1-1, so that the distance between the plug 5-5 of each supporting unit and the drilling hole wall is adjusted; the tray 3 and the grout stop 4 are mounted on the second thread section 1-2 of the hollow screw by a fixing nut 2.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the prestressed grouting bolt is structurally similar to that of fig. 1, and comprises a hollow screw 1, a fixing nut 2, a tray 3, a grout stop 4, an anchor 5 and a mounting sleeve 6,
the hollow screw 1 comprises a first thread section 1-1, a second thread section 1-2 and a thread-free section 1-3, a blank section with one end not provided with threads is arranged between the first thread section 1-1 and the second thread section 1-2, the directions of threads on the first thread section 1-1 and the second thread section 1-2 are opposite, specifically, the first thread section is a left-handed thread section, the second thread section is a right-handed thread section, one end part of the first thread section is connected with the thread-free section 1-3, and the end part of the thread-free section is provided with a clamping head 7. As shown in fig. 5, the clamping connector 7 is composed of a clamping connector body 7-1 and a clamping connector neck 7-2, the clamping connector body and the clamping connector neck are cylindrical, the axes of the clamping connector body and the clamping connector neck are coincident with the axis of the hollow screw rod, the diameter of the clamping connector neck is smaller than that of the clamping connector body, the second threaded section is positioned at one end of the hollow screw rod where the clamping connector is not arranged, a grouting channel 8 is arranged in the hollow screw rod, the inlet of the grouting channel 8 is positioned at the end part of the second threaded section 1-2, and the outlet of the grouting channel is positioned at the end part of the clamping connector 7.
The anchoring member 5 comprises a base 5-1, a push nut 5-2 and three supporting units, wherein each supporting unit comprises a group of upper supporting pieces 5-3, a group of lower supporting pieces 5-4 and a plug 5-5. One end of the upper supporting piece 5-3 is hinged with the top 5-5, the other end is hinged with the base 5-1, one end of the lower supporting piece 5-4 is hinged with the top 5-5, the other end is hinged with the pushing nut 5-2, three supporting units are uniformly distributed on the base 5-1 and the pushing nut 5-2, the lengths of the upper supporting piece 5-3 and the lower supporting piece 5-4 of each supporting unit are required to meet the requirement that when the pushing nut 5-2 moves on the first thread section 1-1 until the top 5-5 contacts with the drilling hole wall, the included angle between the upper supporting piece 5-3 and the lower supporting piece 5-4 is 110-130 degrees obtuse angle. Specifically, three lugs 10 for hinging the upper support 5-3 and the lower support 5-4 are arranged on the base 5-1 and the pushing nut 5-2; the upper supporting pieces 5-3 and the lower supporting pieces 5-4 are supporting strips, the supporting strips are made of steel bars, each group of upper supporting pieces comprises two supporting strips, each group of lower supporting pieces comprises two supporting strips, and the lengths of the supporting strips are equal; the top is a cuboid steel block with a cambered surface on one side, the radian of the cambered surface is consistent with that of the borehole wall, two hinge points are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side adjacent to the cambered surface, the hinge points are positioned on the same plane, the plane formed by the hinge points is parallel to the rear side opposite to the cambered surface, the connecting line of the two hinge points close to the upper side adjacent to the cambered surface and the connecting line of the two hinge points close to the lower side adjacent to the cambered surface are parallel to the upper side and the lower side, and the distance from the connecting line of the two hinge points close to the upper side is equal to the distance from the connecting line of the two hinge points close to the lower side; in each supporting unit, one ends of two supporting bars serving as upper supporting pieces are respectively hinged to the convex blocks of the base, the other ends of the two supporting bars serving as lower supporting pieces are respectively hinged to the convex blocks of the pushing nuts, and the other ends of the two supporting bars serving as lower supporting pieces are respectively hinged to the convex blocks of the pushing nuts, so that the surface of the pushing nuts, which is close to the wall of the drilling hole, is always parallel to the axis of the hollow drilling rod and is not inclined when the pushing nuts drive the pushing heads to move. The base 5-1 of the anchoring piece is provided with a clamping groove 9 matched with the clamping connector, the center of the clamping groove is provided with a grouting through hole 9-1, the inner diameter of the grouting through hole is larger than the diameter of a grouting channel of the hollow screw rod and smaller than the diameter of the hollow screw rod, and the bottom surface of the base is provided with four supporting legs 9-2. The base 5-1 of the anchoring piece 5 is composed of a left part and a right part, the left part and the right part are fixed into a whole through a bolt pair, grooves are formed in the left part and the right part respectively, after the left part and the right part are fixed into a whole through the bolt pair 12, the grooves on the left part and the right part form a clamping groove 9 and a grouting through hole 9-1 of the base, and the clamping groove comprises a clamping connector body accommodating part matched with a clamping connector body and a clamping connector neck accommodating part matched with a clamping connector neck, and two supporting feet are respectively arranged on the bottom surfaces of the left part and the right part. The surfaces of the base 5-1, the push nut 5-2, the upper support 5-3, the lower support 5-4 and the plug 5-5 of the anchor 5 are rough surfaces.
Three limiting grooves 6-1 used for limiting the rotation of the anchoring piece along with the rotation of the hollow screw rod are formed in one end of the mounting sleeve 6, the setting positions of the limiting grooves are matched with the positions of the supporting units, and the length of the limiting grooves 6-1 is the sum of the lengths of the upper supporting piece 5-3 and the lower supporting piece 5-4. The length of the installation sleeve 6 is larger than that of a drilling hole for installing the prestress grouting anchor, the length of the hollow screw 1 is larger than that of the installation sleeve 6, and the inner diameter of the drilling hole 11 for installing the prestress grouting anchor is 1.1 times of the outer diameter of the installation sleeve. The diameter of the tray is larger than that of the drilled hole, the slurry stop plug is in a shape of a circular table, the upper bottom diameter of the circular table is smaller than that of the drilled hole, the lower bottom diameter of the circular table is larger than that of the drilled hole, and through holes for the second thread sections to pass through are formed in the tray and the slurry stop plug.
The push nut 5-2 of the anchoring piece 5 is arranged on the first thread section 1-1 of the hollow screw 1, the clamping groove 9 of the base of the anchoring piece 5 is clamped on the clamping joint 7 of the hollow screw, and the clamping groove 9 limits the hollow screw to rotate only around the axis of the hollow screw, as shown in fig. 6; the installation sleeve 6 is sleeved outside the hollow screw rod provided with the anchoring piece, the plug 5-5 of the anchoring piece 5 extends out of the limit groove 6-1 of the installation sleeve 6, and the hollow screw rod 1 can be rotated to drive the push nut 5-2 to move on the first thread section 1-1, so that the distance between the plug 5-5 of each supporting unit and the drilling hole wall is adjusted; the tray 3 and the grout stop 4 are mounted on the second thread section 1-2 of the hollow screw by a fixing nut 2.
Example 3
In this embodiment, a method for installing and recovering the prestressed grouting anchor according to embodiment 1 or 2 is provided, which comprises the following steps:
(1) drilling a drilling hole 11 in surrounding rock, and selecting a prestress grouting anchor rod with proper size according to the size of the drilling hole;
(2) the installation sleeve is sleeved outside the hollow screw rod provided with the anchoring piece, the included angle between the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece is adjusted to enable the top of the anchoring piece to extend out of the limit groove of the installation sleeve, and after the installation sleeve is placed into a drill hole, the top does not contact with the wall of the drill hole, as shown in fig. 7, then the installation sleeve is placed into the drill hole to enable the supporting leg on the base of the anchoring piece and the installation sleeve to prop against the bottom of the drill hole, so that the axis of the hollow screw rod coincides with the axis of the drill hole, the installation sleeve is fixed, the hollow screw rod is rotated clockwise, at the moment, due to the limit effect of the limit groove of the installation sleeve, the anchoring piece does not rotate along with the rotation of the hollow screw rod, meanwhile, due to the fact that the clamping connector of the hollow screw rod is clamped in the clamping groove of the base, the hollow screw rod can only rotate around the axis of the hollow screw rod, in the clockwise rotation process, the pushing nut of the anchoring piece moves towards the bottom of the drill hole and drives the top to move towards the wall of the drill hole until the top and prestress is generated by contact between the top and the wall of the drill hole, and the hollow screw rod is continuously rotated clockwise until the prestress is sufficiently large, and the prestress is considered to be applied, and the installation sleeve is taken out.
(3) When grouting is not needed, the tray is sleeved on the second threaded section of the hollow screw rod, and the fixing nut is screwed on the second threaded section clockwise until the tray fixes the hollow screw rod in the drilled hole, so that the installation of the prestressed grouting anchor rod is completed. After the supporting task is completed, the fixing nut and the tray are taken down, the hollow screw rod is rotated anticlockwise to drive the propelling nut of the anchoring piece to move towards the drill hole opening and drive the plug to move towards the hollow screw rod until the plug is separated from contact with the wall of the drill hole, and the hollow screw rod and the anchoring piece are taken out of the drill hole, so that the recovery of the prestress grouting anchor rod is completed. The recovered anchor rod can be used in the next supporting task.
When grouting is needed, the grouting plug and the tray are sleeved on the second thread section of the hollow screw rod, the fixing nut is screwed on the second thread section clockwise until the tray fixes the hollow screw rod in the drill hole, the grouting plug seals the gap between the drill hole opening and the hollow drill rod, grouting materials are injected into the drill hole through the grouting channel of the hollow screw rod, and the inlet of the grouting channel is plugged after grouting materials are injected, so that the installation of the prestressed grouting anchor rod is completed. Because the surfaces of the base, the propelling nut, the upper supporting piece, the lower supporting piece and the top of the anchoring piece are rough surfaces, the bonding area and the occlusal degree between the anchoring body and the grouting material can be increased, and the anchoring force of the anchoring rod is further effectively improved.
Claims (10)
1. The prestress grouting anchor rod comprises a hollow screw rod (1), a fixing nut (2), a tray (3) and a grout stop plug (4) and is characterized by also comprising an anchor piece (5) and an installation sleeve (6),
the hollow screw (1) comprises a first thread section (1-1), a second thread section (1-2) and a non-thread section (1-3), the thread directions of the first thread section (1-1) and the second thread section (1-2) are opposite, one end of the first thread section is connected with the non-thread section (1-3), a clamping connector (7) is arranged at the end of the non-thread section, a grouting channel (8) is arranged in the hollow screw, an inlet of the grouting channel (8) is positioned at the end of the second thread section (1-2), and an outlet of the grouting channel is positioned at the end of the clamping connector (7);
the inner diameter of a drilling hole for the pre-stress grouting anchor rod to be installed is 1.1-1.3 times of the outer diameter of an installation sleeve, the length of the installation sleeve is larger than that of the drilling hole for the pre-stress grouting anchor rod to be installed, and the length of a hollow screw rod is larger than that of the installation sleeve;
the anchoring piece (5) comprises a base (5-1), a pushing nut (5-2) and at least three supporting units, each supporting unit comprises a group of upper supporting pieces (5-3), a group of lower supporting pieces (5-4) and a plug (5-5), one end of each upper supporting piece (5-3) is hinged with the corresponding plug (5-5), the other end of each upper supporting piece is hinged with the corresponding base (5-1), one end of each lower supporting piece (5-4) is hinged with the corresponding plug (5-5), the other end of each lower supporting piece is hinged with the corresponding pushing nut (5-2), and each supporting unit is uniformly distributed on the base (5-1) and the corresponding pushing nut (5-2); a clamping groove (9) matched with the clamping connector is formed in the base (5-1), a grouting through hole (9-1) is formed in the center of the clamping groove, and supporting feet (9-2) are arranged on the bottom surface of the base;
one end of the mounting sleeve (6) is provided with limiting grooves (6-1) for limiting the rotation of the anchoring piece along with the rotation of the hollow screw rod, the number of the limiting grooves (6-1) is the same as that of the supporting units of the anchoring piece (5), and the setting positions of the limiting grooves are matched with the positions of the supporting units;
the pushing nut (5-2) of the anchoring piece is arranged on the first thread section (1-1) of the hollow screw rod (1), the clamping groove (9) of the base of the anchoring piece is clamped on the clamping joint (7) of the hollow screw rod, and the clamping groove (9) limits the hollow screw rod to rotate only around the axis of the hollow screw rod; the installation sleeve (6) is sleeved outside the hollow screw rod provided with the anchoring piece, the top head (5-5) of the anchoring piece extends out of the limit groove (6-1) of the installation sleeve (6), and the hollow screw rod (1) is rotated to drive the propelling nut (5-2) to move on the first thread section (1-1), so that the distance between the top head (5-5) of each supporting unit and the wall of the drilling hole is adjusted; the tray (3) and the grout stop plug (4) are arranged on the second thread section (1-2) of the hollow screw rod through the fixing nut (2).
2. The pre-stressed grouting bolt of claim 1, wherein the surfaces of the base (5-1), the push nut (5-2), the upper support (5-3), the lower support (5-4) and the plug (5-5) of the anchor are roughened surfaces.
3. The pre-stressed grouting bolt of claim 1, wherein the length of the upper support (5-3) and the lower support (5-4) of each support unit is such that the angle between the upper support (5-3) and the lower support (5-4) is obtuse when the push nut (5-2) is moved over the first threaded section (1-1) until the plug (5-5) contacts the borehole wall.
4. A prestressed grouting anchor according to any one of claims 1-3, characterised in that the clamping head (7) consists of a clamping head body (7-1) and a clamping head neck (7-2), both of which are cylindrical, the axes of the clamping head body and the clamping head neck coincide with the axis of the hollow screw, the diameter of the clamping head neck being smaller than the diameter of the clamping head body.
5. The prestressed grouting anchor according to claim 4, wherein the base (5-1) of the anchor is composed of a left part and a right part, the left part and the right part are fixed into a whole through a bolt pair (12), grooves are formed in the left part and the right part, after the left part and the right part are fixed into a whole through the bolt pair, the grooves on the left part and the right part form a clamping groove (9) and a grouting through hole (9-1) of the base, and the clamping groove comprises a clamping connector body accommodating part matched with the clamping connector body and a clamping connector neck accommodating part matched with the clamping connector neck.
6. A prestressed grouting bolt according to any of claims 1-3, characterised in that the base (5-1) and the push nut (5-2) are provided with lugs (10) on which the upper and lower support members are hinged.
7. A prestressed grouting bolt according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the upper support (5-3) and the lower support (5-4) are support bars, each set of upper support comprising two support bars, each set of lower support comprising two support bars, the support bars being of equal length.
8. A prestressed grouting bolt according to any of claims 1-3, characterised in that the face of the plug (5-5) in contact with the borehole wall is a plane or a cambered surface matching the arc of the borehole wall, the face of the plug (5-5) of each support unit always being parallel to the axis of the hollow drill rod during the movement of the push nut (5-2) over the first thread segment (1-1) driving the plug (5-5) in motion.
9. A prestressed grouting bolt according to any of claims 1-3, characterised in that the length of the limit groove (6-1) is at least 0.8 times the sum of the lengths of the upper support (5-3) and the lower support (5-4).
10. A method of installing and retrieving a prestressed grouting bolt as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
(1) drilling a borehole (11) in the surrounding rock;
(2) sleeving the mounting sleeve outside the hollow screw rod provided with the anchoring piece, adjusting an included angle between the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece to enable the top head of the anchoring piece to extend out of a limit groove of the mounting sleeve and not contact with the wall of the drilling hole after the mounting sleeve is put into the drilling hole, putting the mounting sleeve into the drilling hole to enable supporting feet on a base of the anchoring piece and the mounting sleeve to prop against the bottom of the drilling hole so that the axis of the hollow screw rod coincides with the axis of the drilling hole, fixing the mounting sleeve, rotating the hollow screw rod to drive a propelling nut of the anchoring piece to move towards the bottom of the drilling hole and drive the top head to move towards the wall of the drilling hole until the top head contacts with the wall of the drilling hole to generate prestress, continuously rotating the hollow screw rod until the prestress is applied, and taking out the mounting sleeve;
(3) when grouting is not needed, fixing the tray on the drill hole through a fixing nut on the second thread section so as to fix the hollow screw in the drill hole and finish the installation of the prestressed grouting anchor rod; after the supporting task is completed, the fixing nut and the tray are removed, the hollow screw rod is rotated to drive the propelling nut of the anchoring piece to move towards the drill hole opening and drive the plug to move towards the hollow screw rod until the plug is separated from contact with the wall of the drill hole, and the hollow screw rod and the anchoring piece are taken out of the drill hole, so that the recovery of the prestress grouting anchor rod is completed;
or,
when grouting is needed, the grouting plug and the tray are fixed at the drill hole through the fixing nut on the second thread section, so that the hollow screw rod is fixed in the drill hole, grouting materials are injected into the drill hole through the grouting channel of the hollow screw rod, the inlet of the grouting channel is plugged after grouting materials are injected, and then the installation of the prestressed grouting anchor rod is completed.
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| CN201910748943.5A CN110608061B (en) | 2019-08-14 | 2019-08-14 | Prestressed grouting anchor rod and installation and recovery method thereof |
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| CN201910748943.5A CN110608061B (en) | 2019-08-14 | 2019-08-14 | Prestressed grouting anchor rod and installation and recovery method thereof |
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