CN110469353B - Recyclable mechanical prestress anchor rod and mounting and recycling method thereof - Google Patents
Recyclable mechanical prestress anchor rod and mounting and recycling method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110469353B CN110469353B CN201910750478.9A CN201910750478A CN110469353B CN 110469353 B CN110469353 B CN 110469353B CN 201910750478 A CN201910750478 A CN 201910750478A CN 110469353 B CN110469353 B CN 110469353B
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- hole
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 landslides Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
- E02D5/765—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor removable
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
- E21D21/0033—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts having a jacket or outer tube
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/008—Anchoring or tensioning means
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2250/00—Production methods
- E02D2250/0046—Production methods using prestressing techniques
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
- E02D2600/30—Miscellaneous comprising anchoring details
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a recyclable mechanical prestress anchor rod, which comprises a screw rod, a first anchoring piece, a second anchoring piece and a sleeve, wherein the screw rod comprises a first thread-free section, a second thread-free section and a non-threaded section which are sequentially connected, the first anchoring piece comprises a first base, a first propelling nut and supporting units, the second anchoring piece comprises a second base, a second propelling nut and supporting units, each supporting unit comprises an upper supporting piece, a lower supporting piece and a top, a clamping groove is formed in the first base, the second base is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve, and a strip-shaped hole is formed in the sleeve; the first propelling nut and the second propelling nut are arranged on the first thread section, the first thread section penetrates through the installation through hole of the second base, the clamping connector of the screw rod is clamped in the clamping groove, and the screw rod is limited to rotate only around the axis of the screw rod; the distance between the top of each supporting unit and the wall of the drilling hole can be adjusted by rotating the screw. The invention also provides a method for installing and recovering the anchor rod. The anchoring force of this stock is big, can solve the difficult recycle's of current stock problem.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering support, and relates to a recyclable mechanical prestressed anchor rod and an installation and recycling method thereof.
Background
Along with the continuous development of underground engineering in China to deep places, the surrounding rock control theory and technology of the deep engineering have important significance for guaranteeing the safety, high-efficiency construction and production of the deep underground engineering, and the most effective way for controlling underground surrounding rock is to apply an anchor rod to a drilled hole, so that the anchor rod has decisive effect for guaranteeing the safety of the underground engineering construction.
The anchor rod is used as a supporting member which is arranged in surrounding rock and made of high-tensile-strength materials and is used for supporting engineering such as open-air side slopes, underground caves, roadway engineering, building foundation pits and the like. When the anchor bolt is used for supporting, firstly, holes are drilled in surrounding rock, then anchor bolts are installed in the drilled holes, and under the action of the anchor bolts and the surrounding rock, the tray and the nuts are matched to control the movement of the surrounding rock. For example, for mechanical anchor rods, the mechanical action of the anchor rod head and surrounding rock is relied on, for grouting anchor rods and resin anchor rods, the bonding action of anchoring adhesives and the surrounding rock is relied on, for friction anchor rods, the friction action of the anchor rods and the surrounding rock is relied on to strengthen the surrounding rock, the supporting and anchoring effects are achieved, the bearing capacity of rock mass is improved, and the problems of falling rocks, landslides, rock burst and the like can be effectively prevented.
Due to the difference of geological conditions of engineering and the requirements of engineering support, different types of anchor rods are generally adopted when anchor rod support is carried out, and the types of anchor rods adopted at home and abroad at present mainly comprise: the mechanical anchor rods such as wedge joint type anchor rods, expansion shell type anchor rods and the like can only bear the force applied by the anchor rods to surrounding rocks passively, cannot provide active supporting force, and have small supporting force and poor anchoring effect under the geological condition of soft and broken anchor rods; the friction anchor rods such as the pipe seam anchor rods and the hydraulic expansion anchor rods have the anchoring effect by generating friction force through the expansion of the anchor rod body and the action of surrounding rock, the anchoring strength depends on the plastic deformation of the anchor rod body, the anchoring force is changed along with the change of the anchor rod body, and the anchoring state is unstable and even the anchoring is invalid possibly caused by the bending of the anchor rod body; the grouting anchor rod is a main stream anchor rod used in the existing supporting engineering, the anchoring effect of the grouting anchor rod depends on the strength of an anchoring adhesive, the anchor rod can fail due to the damage of the anchoring adhesive, the construction process of the grouting anchor rod is complex, although the construction process is improved by the resin anchor rod, the construction process is simplified, the cost of the resin cartridge is high, and the economic rationality is poor. These anchors are not recoverable basically, cannot be taken out after being installed in surrounding rock, can be used only once, not only causes a great amount of material resource waste, but also the waste anchors remain in the surrounding rock and may cause difficulty in subsequent engineering progress. Therefore, in the great background of the development of the current geotechnical engineering toward the deep, it is necessary to develop a rock bolt having a great anchoring force and being recyclable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a mechanical prestress anchor rod which is high in anchoring force and recoverable and an installation and recovery method thereof, so as to solve the problems that the anchoring effect of the existing anchor rod is to be improved and the anchor rod is difficult to recycle.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A recoverable mechanical prestress anchor rod comprises a screw rod, a fixing nut, a tray, a first anchoring piece, at least one second anchoring piece and a sleeve,
The screw comprises a first thread section, a second thread section and a non-thread section, the directions of threads on the first thread section and the second thread section are opposite, the non-thread section, the first thread section and the second thread section are sequentially connected, and a clamping joint is arranged at the end part of the non-thread section;
The first anchoring piece comprises a first base, a first propelling nut and at least three supporting units, each supporting unit comprises a group of upper supporting pieces, a group of lower supporting pieces and a plug, one end of each upper supporting piece is hinged with the plug, the other end of each upper supporting piece is hinged with the first base, one end of each lower supporting piece is hinged with the plug, the other end of each lower supporting piece is hinged with the first propelling nut, and each supporting unit is uniformly distributed on the first base and the first propelling nut; the first base is provided with a clamping groove matched with the clamping connector;
The second anchoring piece comprises a second base, a second propelling nut and at least three supporting units, each supporting unit comprises a group of upper supporting pieces, a group of lower supporting pieces and a plug, one end of each upper supporting piece is hinged with the plug, the other end of each upper supporting piece is hinged with the second base, one end of each lower supporting piece is hinged with the plug, the other end of each lower supporting piece is hinged with the second propelling nut, and each supporting unit is uniformly distributed on the second base and the second propelling nut; the second base is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve, and is provided with a mounting through hole for the screw rod to pass through;
The sleeve is provided with a first strip-shaped hole and a second strip-shaped hole, the positions of which are respectively matched with the supporting units of the first anchoring piece and the second anchoring piece, and the second base is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve, close to the end part of one end of the first strip-shaped hole, of the second strip-shaped hole;
The first propelling nut and the second propelling nut are arranged on a first thread section of the screw rod, the first thread section of the screw rod penetrates through the installation through hole of the second base, the clamping connector of the screw rod is clamped in the clamping groove of the first base, and the clamping groove limits the screw rod to rotate only around the axis of the screw rod; the rotary screw rod can drive the first propelling nut and the second propelling nut to move on the first thread section, so that the distance between the top of each supporting unit and the wall of the drilling hole is adjusted; the tray is mounted on the second thread section of the screw by a fixing nut.
In the technical scheme of the recyclable mechanical prestressed anchor, the surface of the plug, which is contacted with the borehole wall, is a plane or an arc surface matched with the radian of the borehole wall, and the shape of the surface of the plug, which is contacted with the borehole wall, is preferably an arc surface matched with the radian of the borehole wall because the contact area of the arc surface and the borehole wall is larger than the plane; in the process that the first propelling nut and the second propelling nut move on the first thread section to drive the plug to move, the contact surfaces of the plugs of the supporting units of the first anchoring piece and the second anchoring piece and the borehole wall are always parallel to the axis of the drill rod; for the condition that the shape of the surface of the plug contacted with the borehole wall is an arc surface matched with the radian of the borehole wall, when the first pushing nut and the second pushing nut move on the first thread section to drive the plug to move, the surface of the plug contacted with the borehole wall of each supporting unit is always parallel to the borehole wall. In order to increase the friction between the plug and the borehole wall when they are in contact, the face of the plug that is in contact with the borehole wall is preferably provided as a roughened face.
In the technical scheme of the recoverable mechanical prestress anchor rod, in order to increase the application range of the same anchor rod to the drilling hole diameter, in a further technical scheme, the first anchor rod and the second anchor rod further comprise anchor plates, the anchor plates are arranged at the first strip-shaped holes and the second strip-shaped holes, one end of each anchor plate is hinged on the outer wall of the sleeve, and the hinged positions of the anchor plates and the outer wall of the sleeve are positioned on the outer wall of the sleeve, close to the end part of one end of the drilling hole, of the first strip-shaped holes and the second strip-shaped holes; the third strip-shaped hole is formed in the anchoring plate, a sliding block matched with the third strip-shaped hole is arranged on the plug, a threaded hole is formed in the sliding block, the sliding block penetrates through the third strip-shaped hole and is fixed on the anchoring plate through a threaded fixing column fixed in the threaded hole; the rotating screw rod can drive the sliding blocks of the top heads of the supporting units to move in the third strip-shaped holes of the anchoring plate, and further drive the non-hinged ends of the anchoring plate to move towards the wall of the drilling hole or the screw rod. Further, the edge of the non-hinged end of the anchor plate is curved, and when the plug moves to drive the non-hinged end of the anchor plate to contact the borehole wall, the edge of the non-hinged end of the anchor plate is attached to the borehole wall. The width of the sliding block on the top does not exceed the width of the third strip-shaped hole, the length of the sliding block on the top does not exceed 1/3 of the length of the third strip-shaped hole on the anchoring plate, the length of the third strip-shaped hole is 0.65-0.85 times of the length of the anchoring plate, the length of the anchoring plate arranged at the first strip-shaped hole is 0.8-1.2 times of the length of the first strip-shaped hole, the length of the anchoring plate arranged at the second strip-shaped hole is 0.8-1.2 times of the length of the second strip-shaped hole, the material of the anchoring plate is preferably steel plate, and the length of the fixing column used for fixing the top and the anchoring plate is larger than the width of the third strip-shaped hole.
In the technical scheme of the recyclable mechanical prestressed anchor, the lengths of the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece on the first anchoring piece and the second anchoring piece are required to meet the requirement that when the first propelling nut and the second propelling nut move to the top or the anchoring plate on the first threaded section to be in contact with the wall of the drilling hole, the included angle between the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece is an obtuse angle. For the scheme that the top head is in direct contact with the borehole wall, when the top head is in contact with the borehole wall, the included angle between the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece is an obtuse angle, so that the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece can ensure that the top head is well supported, the anchoring effect of the anchor rod in the borehole is improved, the included angle between the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece is preferably 100-140 degrees, more preferably 110-130 degrees, still more preferably 115-125 degrees; for the scheme that the plug drives the anchor plate to contact with the wall of the drill hole, when the movable end of the anchor plate contacts with the wall of the drill hole, the included angle between the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece is an obtuse angle, so that the plug can ensure that the plug plays a good supporting role on the anchor plate, the anchoring effect of the anchor rod in the drill hole is improved, the included angle between the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece is preferably 100-140 degrees, more preferably 110-130 degrees, still more preferably 115-125 degrees.
In the technical scheme of the recyclable mechanical prestressed anchor rod, the number and the setting positions of the second anchoring members are determined according to the actual surrounding rock conditions, and the more the number of the second anchoring members is, the better the anchoring effect is, preferably, the number of the second anchoring members is at least two; the number of support units in the first and second anchors is also determined according to the actual surrounding rock conditions, the more support units the better the anchoring effect, but typically the number of support units in the anchors does not exceed eight.
In the technical scheme of the recyclable mechanical prestress anchor rod, the clamping connector comprises a clamping connector body and a clamping connector neck, wherein the clamping connector body and the clamping connector neck are cylindrical, the axes of the clamping connector body and the clamping connector neck are coincident with the axis of the screw rod, and the diameter of the clamping connector neck is smaller than that of the clamping connector body.
Among the above-mentioned recoverable mechanical prestressing force stock's technical scheme, first base comprises controlling two parts, controls two parts and passes through the vice fixed as an organic wholely of bolt, all is equipped with the recess on controlling two parts, and the joint groove of first base is constituteed to the recess on controlling two parts after the vice fixed as an organic wholely of bolt, and the joint groove includes the joint body accommodation part that matches with the joint body and the joint neck accommodation part that matches with the joint neck.
In the technical scheme of the recyclable mechanical prestressed anchor, the length of the first strip-shaped hole is at least 0.8 times, preferably 0.8-1.5 times, of the sum of the lengths of the upper support and the lower support of the support unit of the first anchor, and the length of the second strip-shaped hole is at least 0.8 times, preferably 0.8-1.5 times, of the sum of the lengths of the upper support and the lower support of the support unit of the second anchor. The width of the first strip-shaped hole can be used for the top head, the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece of the first anchoring piece to pass through, and the width of the second strip-shaped hole can be used for the top head, the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece of the second anchoring piece to pass through.
In the technical scheme of the recyclable mechanical prestress anchor rod, the first base, the first pushing nut, the second base and the second pushing nut are respectively provided with a convex block for hinging the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece, and the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece are hinged on the convex blocks.
In the technical scheme of the recyclable mechanical prestress anchor rod, the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece on the first anchoring piece and the second anchoring piece are supporting strips, each group of upper supporting piece comprises two supporting strips, each group of lower supporting piece comprises two supporting strips, and the lengths of the supporting strips are equal. The support bars in the same group of upper support pieces are parallel to each other, and the support bars in the same group of lower support pieces are parallel to each other. The supporting bar can be steel bars, the length of the supporting bar is mainly determined according to the diameter of a drilling hole of the prestressed grouting anchor rod to be installed, and the length of the supporting bar can be 20-40 cm generally.
In the technical scheme of the recoverable mechanical prestress anchor rod, the first thread section and the second thread section with opposite thread directions are designed on the screw rod, so that the problem that after the anchor rod is fixed in a drilled hole through the first anchor piece and the second anchor piece, the screw rod rotates due to screwing of the fixing nut when the second thread section of the drill hole is provided with the tray through the fixing nut, and then the top of the first anchor piece and the top of the second anchor piece move towards the screw rod, so that the contact between the movable end of the top or the anchor plate and the wall of the drilled hole is broken, and the stable anchoring of the anchor piece in the drilled hole is ensured.
In the technical scheme of the recoverable mechanical prestress anchor rod, the inner diameter of a drilling hole of the recoverable mechanical prestress anchor rod to be installed is 1.2-3 times of the outer diameter of a sleeve, the end part of the sleeve at one end of the drilling hole is flush with the drilling hole or the end part of the sleeve at one end of the drilling hole is positioned in the drilling hole, the end part of the sleeve at one end of the drilling hole bottom is flush with a first base or the first base is positioned outside a sleeve, the length of the sleeve does not exceed the length of the drilling hole, and generally, the length of the sleeve is 0.7-1 times of the length of the drilling hole; the length of the screw rod is greater than that of the drilling hole, the length of the screw rod can be determined according to the actual engineering needs, and the length of the screw rod is usually 2-3 m. The diameter of the tray is larger than that of the drilled hole, and a through hole for the second thread section to pass through is formed in the tray.
The invention also provides a mounting and recycling method of the recyclable mechanical prestressed anchor rod, which comprises the following steps:
① Drilling a borehole in the surrounding rock;
② Adjusting the included angle between the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece of the first anchoring piece and the second anchoring piece to enable the top of each supporting unit to extend out of the first strip-shaped hole and the second strip-shaped hole, enabling the top or the anchoring plate not to contact the drill hole wall after the recyclable mechanical prestress anchor rod is placed in the drill hole, placing the recyclable mechanical prestress anchor rod in the drill hole to enable the first base to prop against the drill hole bottom, driving the first propelling nut and the second propelling nut to move towards the drill hole bottom by the rotating screw rod and driving the top to move towards the drill hole wall until prestress is generated by the contact of the movable end of the top or the anchoring plate with the drill hole wall, continuously rotating the screw rod until the prestress is applied, and fixing the tray on the drill hole through the fixing nut on the second thread section, so that the installation of the recyclable mechanical prestress anchor rod is completed;
③ After the supporting task is completed, the fixing nut on the second threaded section is unscrewed, then the screw rod is rotated to drive the first pushing nut and the second pushing nut to move towards the drill hole opening and drive the plug to move towards the screw rod until the plug or the anchoring plate is separated from contact with the wall of the drill hole, and the recyclable mechanical prestressed anchor rod is taken out from the drill hole, so that recycling of the recyclable mechanical prestressed anchor rod is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. The invention provides a recoverable mechanical prestress anchor rod, which is provided with a plurality of anchoring parts for applying prestress to surrounding rock, and comprises a first anchoring part and at least one second anchoring part, wherein the first anchoring part and the second anchoring part apply prestress to the surrounding rock through the cooperation of a base, a push nut, a plurality of supporting units, a sleeve and a screw rod, the first anchoring part is arranged at a position close to the end part of the screw rod, the plurality of second anchoring parts are distributed on a rod body of the anchor rod, after the anchor rod is arranged in a drill hole, the first anchoring part is anchored at the bottom of the drill hole, each second anchoring part is anchored between the drill hole and the bottom of the drill hole, and as each anchoring part can apply prestress to the surrounding rock at a plurality of positions in the drill hole, compared with the anchor rod capable of realizing end anchoring only, the anchor rod provided by the invention has larger anchoring force and better anchoring effect, and can overcome the defect of insufficient anchoring force of the existing mechanical anchor rod.
2. On the basis of the basic scheme of the recyclable mechanical prestressed anchor rod provided by the invention, the recyclable mechanical prestressed anchor rod further comprises a plurality of anchor plates, one end of each anchor plate is hinged to a sleeve at the first and second strip-shaped holes, a sliding block is designed on the top and is matched with a third strip-shaped hole on the anchor plate, when the rotating screw rod drives the top of each supporting unit to move, the top moves in the third strip-shaped hole of the anchor plate to drive the non-hinged end of the anchor plate to move towards the wall of the drilling hole or the screw rod, and the supporting units are used for supporting the anchor plate to contact with the wall of the drilling hole to apply prestress to surrounding rock of the drilling hole, so that the application range of the same anchor rod for drilling holes with different apertures can be increased, and the applicability in engineering is stronger.
3. According to the recyclable mechanical prestressed anchor rod provided by the invention, as the distance between the tops of the first anchoring piece and the second anchoring piece and the borehole wall is adjustable, the tops can be contacted with the borehole wall or the tops can drive the anchoring plate connected with the tops to be contacted with the borehole wall and apply prestress to the borehole wall by screwing the screw rod, so that the surrounding rock of the borehole can be supported, after the supporting task is finished, the tops can be separated from the borehole wall by reversely rotating the screw rod or the tops can drive the anchoring plate to move towards the screw rod so as to separate the anchoring plate from the borehole wall, and the anchor rod can be freely taken out.
4. The recoverable mechanical prestress anchor rod provided by the invention has the characteristics of convenience in installation and recovery, the installation method is simple, the anchor rod is installed after drilling of a drill hole is completed, after the positions of the heads of all anchoring members in the first strip-shaped hole and the second strip-shaped hole are adjusted, the anchor rod is placed into the drill hole, the screw rod is rotated, the first push nut and the second push nut can move to the bottom of the drill hole on the screw rod to support the heads to contact with the wall of the drill hole, or the supporting heads drive the anchoring plate to open to contact with the wall of the drill hole, and then the fixing nut is screwed to fix the tray, so that the installation is completed. When the anchor rod is recovered, the screw rod is reversely rotated after the tray is taken down, so that the plug or the anchoring plate is separated from contact with the wall of the drilling hole, and the anchor rod can be taken out, and the recovery method is simple.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the retrievable mechanical pre-stressed anchor provided by the present invention after being anchored in a borehole;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic view of the retrievable mechanical pre-stressed anchor provided by the present invention after being anchored in a borehole;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the bayonet joint of the screw;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the left/right portion of the first chassis;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a structure in which a plug of a screw is clamped in a clamping groove of a first base;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the anchoring unit of the first anchor mounted on the first threaded section;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the recoverable mechanical prestress bolt sleeve of example 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the installation of an anchor plate on a cannula in example 2;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure on the head in embodiment 2;
in the figure, 1-screw, 1-first thread section, 1-2-second thread section, 1-3-unthreaded section, 2-fixation nut, 3-tray, 4-first anchor, 4-1-first base, 4-2-first push nut, 5-second anchor, 5-1-second base, 5-2-second push nut, 6-sleeve, 6-1-first bar-shaped hole, 6-2-second bar-shaped hole, 7-snap, 7-1-snap body, 7-2-snap head and neck, 8-upper support, 9-lower support, 10-top, 10-1-slider, 10-2-fixation post, 11-snap groove, 12-mounting through hole, 13-anchor plate, 13-1-third bar-shaped hole, 14-bolt pair, 15-bump, 16-drill hole.
Detailed Description
The recoverable mechanical prestress anchor and the installation and recovery method thereof provided by the invention are further described below by way of examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be noted that the following examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, since numerous insubstantial modifications and variations of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the above disclosure, and yet remain within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the structural schematic diagram of the recoverable mechanical prestress anchor is shown in fig. 1, and includes a screw 1, a fixing nut 2, a tray 3, a first anchor 4, two second anchors 5, and a sleeve 6.
The screw rod 1 comprises a first thread section 1-1, a second thread section 1-2 and a non-thread section 1-3, the thread directions of the first thread section 1-1 and the second thread section 1-2 are opposite, specifically, the first thread section is a left-handed thread section, the second thread section is a right-handed thread section, the non-thread section 1-3, the first thread section 1-1 and the second thread section 1-2 are sequentially connected, a clamping connector 7 is arranged at the end part of the non-thread section 1-3, the clamping connector 7 is composed of a clamping connector body 7-1 and a clamping connector neck 7-2, the clamping connector body and the clamping connector neck are cylindrical, the axes of the clamping connector body and the clamping connector neck coincide with the axis of the screw rod, and the diameter of the clamping connector neck is smaller than that of the clamping connector body.
The first anchoring member 4 comprises a first base 4-1, a first push nut 4-2 and four supporting units, each supporting unit comprising a set of upper supporting members 8, a set of lower supporting members 9 and a plug 10. One end of the upper supporting piece 8 is hinged with the top 10, the other end of the upper supporting piece is hinged with the first base 4-1, one end of the lower supporting piece 9 is hinged with the top 10, the other end of the lower supporting piece is hinged with the first propelling nut 4-2, and four supporting units are uniformly distributed on the first base 4-1 and the first propelling nut 4-2; the length of the upper support 8 and the lower support 9 of each support unit is such that the angle between the upper support 8 and the lower support 9 is 110 deg. -130 deg. when the first push nut 4-2 is moved over the first thread segment 1-1 until the plug 10 contacts the borehole wall. Specifically, the first base 4-1 and the first pushing nut 4-2 are respectively provided with four protruding blocks 15 for hinging the upper supporting piece 8 and the lower supporting piece 9; the upper supporting pieces 8 and the lower supporting pieces 9 are supporting strips, the supporting strips are made of steel bars, each group of upper supporting pieces comprises two supporting strips, each group of lower supporting pieces comprises two supporting strips, and the lengths of the supporting strips are equal; the top is a cuboid steel block, two hinge points are respectively arranged on the left side surface and the right side surface of the cuboid steel block, the four hinge points are positioned on the same plane, a plane formed by the four hinge points is parallel to the front side surface and the rear side surface of the cuboid steel block, a connecting line of the two hinge points close to the upper side surface and a connecting line of the two hinge points close to the lower side surface are parallel to the upper side surface and the lower side surface, and the distance from the connecting line of the two hinge points close to the upper side surface is equal to the distance from the connecting line of the two hinge points close to the lower side surface; in each supporting unit, one ends of two supporting bars serving as upper supporting pieces are respectively hinged to the convex blocks of the first base, the other ends of the two supporting bars serving as lower supporting pieces are respectively hinged to the convex blocks of the first propelling nut, and the other ends of the two supporting bars serving as lower supporting pieces are respectively hinged to the convex blocks of the first propelling nut. The first base 4-1 is provided with a clamping groove 11 matched with the clamping connector 7, the first base 4-1 is composed of a left part and a right part, the left part and the right part are fixed into a whole through a bolt pair 14, grooves are formed in the left part and the right part respectively, and as shown in fig. 4, the grooves in the left part and the right part are connected into a whole through the bolt pair 14 to form the clamping groove 11 of the base, and the clamping groove comprises a clamping connector body accommodating part matched with the clamping connector body and a clamping connector neck accommodating part matched with the clamping connector neck.
The second anchoring member 5 comprises a second base 5-1, a second push nut 5-2 and four supporting units, each supporting unit comprising a set of upper supporting members 8, a set of lower supporting members 9 and a plug 10. One end of the upper supporting piece 8 is hinged with the top 10, the other end of the upper supporting piece is hinged with the second base 5-1, one end of the lower supporting piece 9 is hinged with the top 10, the other end of the lower supporting piece is hinged with the second propelling nut 5-2, and four supporting units are uniformly distributed on the second base 5-1 and the second propelling nut 5-2; the length of the upper support 8 and the lower support 9 of each support unit is such that the angle between the upper support 8 and the lower support 9 is 110 deg. -130 deg. when the second push nut 5-2 is moved over the first thread segment 1-1 until the plug 10 contacts the borehole wall. Specifically, the second base 5-1 is cylindrical, the second base is provided with a mounting through hole 12 for the screw 1 to pass through, and the second base is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve 6 in a coaxial manner with the sleeve; four lugs 15 for hinging the upper supporting piece 8 and the lower supporting piece 9 are arranged on the second base 5-1 and the second propelling nut 5-2; the upper supporting pieces 8 and the lower supporting pieces 9 are supporting strips, the supporting strips are made of steel bars, each group of upper supporting pieces comprises two supporting strips, each group of lower supporting pieces comprises two supporting strips, and the lengths of the supporting strips are equal; the structure of the plug is the same as that of the plug in the first anchoring piece; in each supporting unit, one ends of two supporting bars serving as upper supporting pieces are respectively hinged to the convex blocks of the second base, the other ends of the two supporting bars serving as lower supporting pieces are respectively hinged to the convex blocks of the second propelling nuts, and the other ends of the two supporting bars serving as lower supporting pieces are respectively hinged to the convex blocks of the second propelling nuts.
The sleeve 6 is provided with four first strip-shaped holes 6-1 matched with the four supporting units of the first anchoring piece 4 in position and second strip-shaped holes 6-2 matched with the supporting units of the second anchoring pieces 5 in position, namely eight second strip-shaped holes in total; the second base 5-1 is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve pipe of the end part of the second strip-shaped hole, which is close to the first strip-shaped hole; the length of the first bar-shaped hole 6-1 is the sum of the lengths of the upper support 8 and the lower support 9 of the support unit of the first anchor 4, and the length of the second bar-shaped hole is the sum of the lengths of the upper support 8 and the lower support 9 of the support unit of the second anchor 5. The inside diameter of the drilling hole of the recoverable mechanical prestress anchor rod to be installed is 1.5 times of the outside diameter of the sleeve, the length of the sleeve is equal to that of the drilling hole, one end of the sleeve, which is positioned at the bottom of the drilling hole, is flush with the bottom surface of the first base, one end of the sleeve, which is positioned at the drilling hole, is flush with the drilling hole, the length of the screw rod is greater than that of the drilling hole, the diameter of the tray is greater than that of the drilling hole, and a through hole for the second thread section to pass through is formed in the tray.
The first propelling nut 4-2 and the second propelling nut 5-2 are installed on the first thread section 1-1 of the screw 1, the first thread section of the screw passes through the installation through hole 12 of the second base, the clamping connector 7 of the screw is clamped in the clamping groove 11 of the first base, as shown in fig. 5, the clamping groove 11 limits the screw to rotate only around the axis of the screw, the schematic diagram of the anchoring unit of the first anchoring piece installed on the first thread section is shown in fig. 6, and the perspective view of the recoverable mechanical prestress anchor according to the embodiment is shown in fig. 7; the rotating screw 1 can drive the first propelling nut 4-2 and the second propelling nut 5-2 to move on the first thread section 1-1, so that the distance between the top 10 of each supporting unit and the wall of the drilling hole is adjusted; the tray 3 is mounted on the second thread section 1-2 of the screw by means of a fixing nut 2.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the structural schematic diagram of the recoverable mechanical prestress anchor is shown in fig. 2, and includes a screw 1, a fixing nut 2, a tray 3, a first anchor 4, a second anchor 5, a sleeve 6 and an anchor plate 13.
The screw rod 1 comprises a first thread section 1-1, a second thread section 1-2 and a non-thread section 1-3, the thread directions of the first thread section 1-1 and the second thread section 1-2 are opposite, specifically, the first thread section is a left-handed thread section, the second thread section is a right-handed thread section, the non-thread section 1-3, the first thread section 1-1 and the second thread section 1-2 are sequentially connected, a clamping connector 7 is arranged at the end part of the non-thread section 1-3, the clamping connector 7 is composed of a clamping connector body 7-1 and a clamping connector neck 7-2, the clamping connector body and the clamping connector neck are cylindrical, the axes of the clamping connector body and the clamping connector neck coincide with the axis of the screw rod, and the diameter of the clamping connector neck is smaller than that of the clamping connector body.
The anchor plate 13 is a steel plate, the anchor plate is arranged at each first strip-shaped hole and each second strip-shaped hole, one end of each anchor plate is hinged on the outer wall of the sleeve, the hinge positions of the anchor plate and the outer wall of the sleeve are positioned on the outer wall of the sleeve, which is close to the end part of the bottom end of the drill hole, of each first strip-shaped hole and each second strip-shaped hole, a third strip-shaped hole 13-1 is arranged on the anchor plate along the length direction of the anchor plate, and the edge of the non-hinge end of the anchor plate 13 is arc-shaped, as shown in fig. 8.
The first anchoring member 4 comprises a first base 4-1, a first push nut 4-2 and four supporting units, each supporting unit comprising a set of upper supporting members 8, a set of lower supporting members 9 and a plug 10. One end of the upper supporting piece 8 is hinged with the top 10, the other end of the upper supporting piece is hinged with the first base 4-1, one end of the lower supporting piece 9 is hinged with the top 10, the other end of the lower supporting piece is hinged with the first propelling nut 4-2, and four supporting units are uniformly distributed on the first base 4-1 and the first propelling nut 4-2; the length of the upper support 8 and the lower support 9 of each support unit is such that the angle between the upper support 8 and the lower support 9 is 110-130 deg. when the first push nut 4-2 moves on the first thread segment 1-1 to drive the plug 10 to push the movable end of the anchor plate into contact with the borehole wall. Specifically, the first base 4-1 and the first pushing nut 4-2 are respectively provided with four protruding blocks 15 for hinging the upper supporting piece 8 and the lower supporting piece 9; the upper supporting pieces 8 and the lower supporting pieces 9 are supporting strips, the supporting strips are made of steel bars, each group of upper supporting pieces comprises two supporting strips, each group of lower supporting pieces comprises two supporting strips, and the lengths of the supporting strips are equal; the top is a cuboid steel block, two hinge points are respectively arranged on the left side surface and the right side surface of the cuboid steel block, the four hinge points are positioned on the same plane, the plane formed by the four hinge points is parallel to the front side surface and the rear side surface of the cuboid steel block, and the connecting line of the two hinge points close to the upper side surface and the connecting line of the two hinge points close to the lower side surface are parallel to the upper side surface and the lower side surface; in each supporting unit, one ends of two supporting bars serving as upper supporting pieces are respectively hinged to the convex blocks of the first base, the other ends of the two supporting bars serving as lower supporting pieces are respectively hinged to the convex blocks of the first propelling nuts, and the other ends of the two supporting bars serving as lower supporting pieces are respectively hinged to the two hinging points, close to the lower side face of the top, of the top. As shown in fig. 9, the plug 10 is provided with a slider 10-1 matching with the third bar hole, the width of the slider is smaller than the width of the third bar hole, the length of the slider is smaller than the length of the third bar hole, the slider is provided with a threaded hole, the slider passes through the third bar hole 13-1 and is fixed on the anchor plate through a threaded fixing column 10-2 fixed in the threaded hole, and the length of the fixing column is larger than the width of the third bar hole. The first base 4-1 is provided with a clamping groove 11 matched with the clamping connector, the first base 4-1 is composed of a left part and a right part, the left part and the right part are fixed into a whole through a bolt pair, grooves are formed in the left part and the right part respectively, the grooves in the left part and the right part are connected into a whole through the bolt pair 14 to form the clamping groove 11 of the base, and the clamping groove comprises a clamping connector body accommodating part matched with the clamping connector body and a clamping connector neck accommodating part matched with the clamping connector neck.
The second anchoring member 5 comprises a second base 5-1, a second push nut 5-2 and four supporting units, each supporting unit comprising a set of upper supporting members 8, a set of lower supporting members 9 and a plug 10. One end of the upper supporting piece 8 is hinged with the top 10, the other end of the upper supporting piece is hinged with the second base 5-1, one end of the lower supporting piece 9 is hinged with the top 10, the other end of the lower supporting piece is hinged with the second propelling nut 5-2, and four supporting units are uniformly distributed on the second base 5-1 and the second propelling nut 5-2; the length of the upper support 8 and the lower support 9 of each support unit is such that the angle between the upper support 8 and the lower support 9 is 110-130 deg. when the second push nut 5-2 moves on the first thread segment 1-1 to drive the plug 10 to push the movable end of the anchor plate into contact with the borehole wall. Specifically, the second base 5-1 is cylindrical, the second base is provided with a mounting through hole 12 for the screw 1 to pass through, and the second base is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve 6 in a coaxial manner with the sleeve; four lugs 15 for hinging the upper supporting piece 8 and the lower supporting piece 9 are arranged on the second base 5-1 and the second propelling nut 5-2; the upper supporting pieces 8 and the lower supporting pieces 9 are supporting strips, the supporting strips are made of steel bars, each group of upper supporting pieces comprises two supporting strips, each group of lower supporting pieces comprises two supporting strips, and the lengths of the supporting strips are equal; the structure of the plug is the same as that of the plug in the first anchoring piece; in each supporting unit, one ends of two supporting bars serving as upper supporting pieces are respectively hinged to the convex blocks of the second base, the other ends of the two supporting bars serving as lower supporting pieces are respectively hinged to the convex blocks of the second propelling nuts, and the other ends of the two supporting bars serving as lower supporting pieces are respectively hinged to the two hinging points, close to the lower side face of the top, of the top. The plug 10 is provided with a sliding block 10-1 matched with the third strip-shaped hole, the width of the sliding block is smaller than that of the third strip-shaped hole, the length of the sliding block is smaller than that of the third strip-shaped hole, the sliding block is provided with a threaded hole, the sliding block penetrates through the third strip-shaped hole 13-1 and is fixed on the anchoring plate through a threaded fixing column 10-2 fixed in the threaded hole, and the length of the fixing column is larger than that of the third strip-shaped hole.
The sleeve 6 is provided with four first strip-shaped holes 6-1 matched with the four supporting units of the first anchoring piece 4 in position and four second strip-shaped holes 6-2 matched with the supporting units of the second anchoring piece 5 in position; the second base 5-1 is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve pipe of the end part of the second strip-shaped hole, which is close to the first strip-shaped hole; the length of the first bar-shaped hole 6-1 is the sum of the lengths of the upper support 8 and the lower support 9 of the support unit of the first anchor 4, and the length of the second bar-shaped hole is the sum of the lengths of the upper support 8 and the lower support 9 of the support unit of the second anchor 5. Eight anchor plates are arranged, and the hinging positions of the anchor plates and the outer wall of the sleeve are positioned on the outer wall of the sleeve, which is close to the end part of one end of the bottom of the drill hole, of the first strip-shaped hole and the second strip-shaped hole; the inside diameter of the drilling hole of the recoverable mechanical prestress anchor rod to be installed is 3 times of the outside diameter of the sleeve, the length of the sleeve is equal to that of the drilling hole, one end of the sleeve, which is positioned at the bottom of the drilling hole, is flush with the bottom surface of the first base, one end of the sleeve, which is positioned at the drilling hole, is flush with the drilling hole, the length of the screw rod is greater than that of the drilling hole, the diameter of the tray is greater than that of the drilling hole, and a through hole for the second thread section to pass through is formed in the tray.
The first propelling nut 4-2 and the second propelling nut 5-2 are arranged on the first thread section 1-1 of the screw 1, the first thread section of the screw passes through the installation through hole 12 of the second base, the clamping connector 7 of the screw is clamped in the clamping groove 11 of the first base, and the clamping groove 11 limits the screw to rotate only around the axis of the screw; the rotating screw 1 can drive the first propelling nut 4-2 and the second propelling nut 5-2 to move on the first thread section 1-1, so that the plug is driven to move towards the borehole wall or the screw, meanwhile, the sliding block of the plug is driven to move in the third strip-shaped hole of the anchor plate, and then the non-hinged end of the anchor plate is driven to move towards the borehole wall or the screw, and when the plug moves to drive the non-hinged end of the anchor plate to contact with the borehole wall, the edge of the non-hinged end of the anchor plate 13 is attached to the borehole wall.
Example 3
In this embodiment, a method for installing and recovering a recoverable mechanical prestressed anchor according to embodiment 1 is provided, which includes the following steps:
① A borehole 16 is drilled in the surrounding rock and a retrievable mechanical pre-stressed anchor of suitable size is selected according to the size of the borehole.
② Adjusting the included angle between the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece of the first anchoring piece and the second anchoring piece to enable the top of each supporting unit to extend out of the first strip-shaped hole and the second strip-shaped hole, then placing the recyclable mechanical prestress anchor rod into a drill hole to enable the first base to prop against the bottom of the drill hole, rotating the screw rod clockwise to drive the first pushing nut and the second pushing nut to move towards the bottom of the drill hole and drive the top to move towards the wall of the drill hole until the top contacts the wall of the drill hole to generate prestress, continuously rotating the screw rod clockwise until the prestress is applied, sleeving the tray on the second thread section of the screw rod, screwing the fixing nut clockwise on the second thread section until surrounding rock at the position of the tray and the drill hole contacts and fixes the anchor rod in the drill hole, and then installing the recyclable mechanical prestress anchor rod is completed.
③ After the supporting task is completed, the fixing nut on the second threaded section is rotated anticlockwise to unscrew the fixing nut, then the screw rod is rotated anticlockwise to drive the first pushing nut and the second pushing nut to move towards the drill hole opening and drive the top to move towards the screw rod until the top is separated from contact with the wall of the drill hole, and the recyclable mechanical prestressed anchor rod is taken out of the drill hole, so that recycling of the recyclable mechanical prestressed anchor rod is completed. The recovered anchor rod can be used in the next supporting task.
Example 4
In this embodiment, a method for installing and recovering a recoverable mechanical prestressed anchor according to embodiment 2 is provided, which includes the following steps:
① A borehole 16 is drilled in the surrounding rock and a retrievable mechanical pre-stressed anchor of suitable size is selected according to the size of the borehole.
② Adjusting the included angle between the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece of the first anchoring piece and the second anchoring piece to enable the top of each supporting unit to extend out of the first strip-shaped hole and the second strip-shaped hole, then placing the recyclable mechanical prestress anchor rod into a drill hole to enable the first base to prop against the bottom of the drill hole, clockwise rotating the screw rod to drive the first pushing nut and the second pushing nut to move towards the bottom of the drill hole and drive the top to move towards the wall of the drill hole until the movable end of the anchoring plate contacts the wall of the drill hole to generate prestress, continuously clockwise rotating the screw rod until the prestress is applied, sleeving the tray on the second thread section of the screw rod, and clockwise screwing the fixing nut on the second thread section until surrounding rock at the position of the tray and the drill hole contacts the anchor rod to fix the anchor rod in the drill hole, so that the mounting of the recyclable mechanical prestress anchor rod is completed.
③ After the supporting task is completed, the fixing nut on the second threaded section is rotated anticlockwise to unscrew the fixing nut, then the screw rod is rotated anticlockwise to drive the first pushing nut and the second pushing nut to move towards the drill hole opening and drive the top to move towards the screw rod until the movable end of the anchoring plate is separated from contact with the wall of the drill hole, and the recyclable mechanical prestressed anchor rod is taken out of the drill hole, so that recycling of the recyclable mechanical prestressed anchor rod is completed. The recovered anchor rod can be used in the next supporting task.
Claims (10)
1. The recoverable mechanical prestress anchor rod comprises a screw rod (1), a fixing nut (2) and a tray (3) and is characterized by further comprising a first anchoring piece (4), at least one second anchoring piece (5) and a sleeve (6),
The screw (1) comprises a first thread section (1-1), a second thread section (1-2) and a non-thread section (1-3), the thread directions of the first thread section (1-1) and the second thread section (1-2) are opposite, the non-thread section (1-3), the first thread section (1-1) and the second thread section (1-2) are sequentially connected, and a clamping connector (7) is arranged at the end part of the non-thread section (1-3);
The first anchoring piece (4) comprises a first base (4-1), a first propelling nut (4-2) and at least three supporting units, each supporting unit comprises a group of upper supporting pieces (8), a group of lower supporting pieces (9) and a plug (10), one end of each upper supporting piece (8) is hinged with the plug (10), the other end of each upper supporting piece is hinged with the first base (4-1), one end of each lower supporting piece (9) is hinged with the plug (10), the other end of each lower supporting piece is hinged with the first propelling nut (4-2), and each supporting unit is uniformly distributed on the first base (4-1) and the first propelling nut (4-2); a clamping groove (11) matched with the clamping connector is formed in the first base (4-1);
The second anchoring piece (5) comprises a second base (5-1), a second propelling nut (5-2) and at least three supporting units, each supporting unit comprises a group of upper supporting pieces (8), a group of lower supporting pieces (9) and a plug (10), one end of each upper supporting piece (8) is hinged with the plug (10), the other end of each upper supporting piece is hinged with the second base (5-1), one end of each lower supporting piece (9) is hinged with the plug (10), the other end of each lower supporting piece is hinged with the second propelling nut (5-2), and each supporting unit is uniformly distributed on the second base (5-1) and the second propelling nut (5-2); the second base (5-1) is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve (6), and is provided with a mounting through hole (12) for the screw (1) to pass through;
The first base (4-1), the first propelling nut (4-2), the second base (5-1) and the second propelling nut (5-2) are respectively provided with a convex block (15) for hinging an upper supporting piece and a lower supporting piece, and the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece are hinged on the convex blocks (15);
The sleeve (6) is provided with a first strip-shaped hole (6-1) and a second strip-shaped hole (6-2) which are matched with each supporting unit of the first anchoring piece (4) and the second anchoring piece (5) respectively, and the second base (5-1) is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve, close to one end part of the first strip-shaped hole, of the second strip-shaped hole;
The first propelling nut (4-2) and the second propelling nut (5-2) are arranged on a first thread section (1-1) of the screw (1), the first thread section of the screw passes through an installation through hole (12) of the second base, a clamping joint (7) of the screw is clamped in a clamping groove (11) of the first base, and the clamping groove (11) limits the screw to rotate only around the axis of the screw; the rotary screw (1) can drive the first propelling nut (4-2) and the second propelling nut (5-2) to move on the first thread section (1-1), so that the distance between the top head (10) of each supporting unit and the wall of the drilling hole is adjusted; the tray (3) is arranged on the second thread section (1-2) of the screw rod through the fixing nut (2).
2. The recoverable mechanical prestressed anchor according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the plug (10) contacting the borehole wall is a plane or a cambered surface matching the radian of the borehole wall, and the surface of the plug (10) of each supporting unit of the first anchoring member (4) and the second anchoring member (5) contacting the borehole wall is always parallel to the axis of the drill rod during the movement of the first push nut (4-2) and the second push nut (5-2) on the first threaded section (1-1) to drive the plug (10) to move.
3. The recoverable mechanical prestress anchor of claim 1, further comprising an anchor plate (13) in the first anchor and the second anchor, the anchor plate being disposed at each of the first strip-shaped holes and each of the second strip-shaped holes, one end of each of the anchor plates being hinged to the outer wall of the casing, the hinge locations of the anchor plates and the outer wall of the casing being located on the outer wall of the casing at the ends of the first strip-shaped holes and the second strip-shaped holes near the bottom end of the drill hole; the anchoring plate is provided with a third strip-shaped hole (13-1), the plug (10) is provided with a sliding block (10-1) matched with the third strip-shaped hole, the sliding block is provided with a threaded hole, and the sliding block penetrates through the third strip-shaped hole (13-1) and is fixed on the anchoring plate through a threaded fixing column (10-2) fixed in the threaded hole; the rotating screw rod (1) can drive the sliding blocks of the top heads of the supporting units to move in the third strip-shaped holes of the anchoring plate, so as to drive the non-hinged ends of the anchoring plate to move towards the drilling hole wall or the screw rod.
4. A recoverable mechanical prestress bolt according to claim 3, wherein the edge of the non-hinged end of the anchor plate (13) is arcuate, and the edge of the non-hinged end of the anchor plate (13) engages the borehole wall when the plug moves to bring the non-hinged end of the anchor plate into contact with the borehole wall.
5. A recoverable mechanical prestress bolt according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the upper support member (8) and the lower support member (9) on the first and second anchors are of a length such that the angle between the upper support member (8) and the lower support member (9) is obtuse when the first and second push nuts (4-2, 5-2) are moved over the first threaded section (1-1) to the point where the plug or anchor plate is in contact with the borehole wall.
6. A recoverable mechanical prestress bolt according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the clip (7) comprises a clip body (7-1) and a clip neck (7-2), the clip body and the clip neck each being cylindrical, the axes of the clip body and the clip neck coinciding with the axis of the screw, the diameter of the clip neck being less than the diameter of the clip body.
7. The recoverable mechanical prestress anchor of claim 6, wherein the first base (4-1) is composed of a left part and a right part, the left part and the right part are fixed together by a bolt pair (14), grooves are formed in the left part and the right part, the grooves on the left part and the right part form a clamping groove (11) of the first base after the bolt pair is fixed together, and the clamping groove comprises a clamping connector body accommodating part matched with the clamping connector body and a clamping connector neck accommodating part matched with the clamping connector neck.
8. A recoverable mechanical prestress bolt according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the length of the first strip-shaped hole (6-1) is at least 0.8 times the sum of the lengths of the upper support (8) and the lower support (9) of the support unit of the first anchor (4) and the length of the second strip-shaped hole is at least 0.8 times the sum of the lengths of the upper support (8) and the lower support (9) of the support unit of the second anchor (5).
9. A recoverable mechanical prestress bolt according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the upper (8) and lower (9) supports on the first and second anchors are support bars, each set of upper supports comprising two support bars and each set of lower supports comprising two support bars, the support bars being of equal length.
10. A method of installing and retrieving a retrievable mechanical pre-stressed anchor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised by the steps of:
① Drilling a borehole (16) in the surrounding rock;
② Adjusting the included angle between the upper supporting piece and the lower supporting piece of the first anchoring piece and the second anchoring piece to enable the top of each supporting unit to extend out of the first strip-shaped hole and the second strip-shaped hole, enabling the top or the anchoring plate not to contact the drill hole wall after the recyclable mechanical prestress anchor rod is placed in the drill hole, placing the recyclable mechanical prestress anchor rod in the drill hole to enable the first base to prop against the drill hole bottom, driving the first propelling nut and the second propelling nut to move towards the drill hole bottom by the rotating screw rod and driving the top to move towards the drill hole wall until prestress is generated by the contact of the movable end of the top or the anchoring plate with the drill hole wall, continuously rotating the screw rod until the prestress is applied, and fixing the tray on the drill hole through the fixing nut on the second thread section, so that the installation of the recyclable mechanical prestress anchor rod is completed;
③ After the supporting task is completed, the fixing nut on the second threaded section is unscrewed, then the screw rod is rotated to drive the first pushing nut and the second pushing nut to move towards the drill hole opening and drive the plug to move towards the screw rod until the plug or the anchoring plate is separated from contact with the wall of the drill hole, and the recyclable mechanical prestressed anchor rod is taken out from the drill hole, so that recycling of the recyclable mechanical prestressed anchor rod is completed.
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| CN110873258B (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2024-04-12 | 四川大学 | Inner wall detection device and inner wall detection system |
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