CN110607975A - Semi-transparent photovoltaic window with variable optical characteristics - Google Patents
Semi-transparent photovoltaic window with variable optical characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- CN110607975A CN110607975A CN201910864185.3A CN201910864185A CN110607975A CN 110607975 A CN110607975 A CN 110607975A CN 201910864185 A CN201910864185 A CN 201910864185A CN 110607975 A CN110607975 A CN 110607975A
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000002808 connective tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 24
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 107
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 19
- 206010052128 Glare Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0147—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on thermo-optic effects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0488—Double glass encapsulation, e.g. photovoltaic cells arranged between front and rear glass sheets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S30/00—Structural details of PV modules other than those related to light conversion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/20—Optical components
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/20—Optical components
- H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids
Abstract
The invention relates to the photovoltaic field, in particular to a semitransparent photovoltaic window with variable optical characteristics, which comprises a power generation layer and a color-changing heat insulation layer which are sequentially superposed; the power generation layer comprises an outer glass layer, a double-sided solar cell layer and an inner glass layer which are sequentially overlapped, the back surface of the double-sided solar cell layer is close to one side of the color-changing heat insulation layer, and the color-changing heat insulation layer can reflect light rays to the back surface of the double-sided solar cell layer. The double-sided solar cell layer in the power generation layer can effectively utilize sunlight irradiated to the front side of the double-sided solar cell layer to generate power, and the back side of the double-sided solar cell layer can utilize light reflected by the color-changing heat-insulating layer to perform secondary power generation, so that solar energy is utilized more efficiently; the color-changing heat-insulating layer has adaptive change of transmittance and reflectivity in different seasons and under different solar radiation intensities, can effectively reduce the energy consumption of air conditioner heating and refrigeration, and has good building energy-saving effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photovoltaics, in particular to a semitransparent photovoltaic window with variable optical characteristics.
Background
In the whole energy consumption, the building energy consumption accounts for about 40%, and the heating and refrigerating energy consumption accounts for more than 50% in the building energy consumption, and the sources of the building cold and heat loads mainly include heat gaining and heat losing through a building enclosure structure, heat gaining through solar radiation of a transparent enclosure structure and heat dissipation and moisture dissipation of indoor personnel and equipment; in the whole building enclosure, the window not only takes charge of lighting, but also is the only way for people to communicate information with the outside, however, the heat transfer coefficient of the window is far larger than that of a wall body, and the heat insulation performance of the window is poor; solar radiation directly enters the indoor through the window in summer to generate cold load, so that the refrigeration energy consumption is increased, and the indoor heat dissipation is performed to the outdoor through the window in winter, so that the heat load is increased, and the heating energy consumption is increased.
The first method is to use a thin film battery, taking an amorphous silicon battery as an example, the amorphous silicon thin film battery is very thin and has certain light transmittance, the amorphous silicon battery has colors, sunlight enters indoors through the amorphous silicon battery, the color rendering is poor, outdoor scenes cannot be really observed indoors, meanwhile, the transmittance of the amorphous silicon battery is low and is only 5%, the indoor lighting effect is seriously influenced, only single-side power generation is realized, and the power generation efficiency is low. The second kind adopts a plurality of monoblock crystal silicon battery arrays to arrange, all has the clear glass clearance in the middle of arbitrary two blocks of batteries, and the natural light passes through the clear glass clearance and gets into indoorly, realizes the function of window daylighting, nevertheless because the opacity of crystal silicon battery can form a plurality of fritters shadows indoor, and the daylighting is inhomogeneous, and this kind of photovoltaic window itself is not pleasing to the eye moreover, can influence the whole aesthetic feeling of building.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention provides a semitransparent photovoltaic window with variable optical characteristics, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, a window is poor in heat insulation performance and low in energy utilization rate.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above object, the translucent photovoltaic window with variable optical characteristics of the present invention comprises a power generation layer and a color-changing thermal insulation layer which are sequentially stacked;
the power generation layer comprises an outer glass layer, a double-sided solar cell layer and an inner glass layer which are sequentially stacked, the front surface and the back surface of the double-sided solar cell layer can generate power by using solar energy, and the back surface of the double-sided solar cell layer is close to one side of the color-changing heat insulation layer;
the color-changing heat-insulating layer can reflect light rays to the back surface of the double-sided solar cell layer.
Preferably, two-sided solar cell layer is including the two-sided solar cell area of laminating membrane and a plurality of interval distribution, the front and the back in two-sided solar cell area all can utilize solar energy to generate electricity, the laminating membrane includes adventitia and intima, two-sided solar cell area set up in the adventitia with between the intima, the adventitia with the laminating of outer glass layer, the intima with the laminating of interior glass layer.
Preferably, a plurality of the bifacial solar cell ribbons are connected in series or in parallel to form a cell string having a predetermined current voltage.
Preferably, a plurality of the double-sided solar cell strips are arranged at equal intervals to form a semitransparent structure, and the interval size can be adjusted to achieve a preset fixed transmittance.
Preferably, the adhesive film is a PVB protective film.
Preferably, the color-changing heat-insulating layer comprises a thermochromic coating, an insulating glass layer and a Low-e coating which are sequentially stacked, and the thermochromic coating is close to the inner glass layer.
Preferably, when the coating temperature of the thermochromic coating changes between 20 ℃ and 60 ℃, the transmittance of the thermochromic coating changes between 78% and 35%, and the reflectance of the thermochromic coating changes between 4.7% and 20%.
Preferably, the thickness of the isolation glass layer is 0.3 mm-1.0 mm.
Preferably, the translucent photovoltaic window further comprises an indoor glass layer, the indoor glass layer being adjacent to the color-changing thermal insulation layer.
Preferably, the translucent photovoltaic window further comprises a first air cavity arranged between the power generation layer and the color-changing heat insulation layer, and a second air cavity arranged between the color-changing heat insulation layer and the indoor glass layer.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the double-sided solar cell layer in the power generation layer can effectively utilize sunlight irradiated to the front side of the double-sided solar cell layer to generate power, and the back side of the double-sided solar cell layer can utilize light reflected by the color-changing heat-insulating layer to perform secondary power generation, so that solar energy is utilized more efficiently; in summer, the color-changing heat-insulating layer absorbs solar radiation to enable the surface temperature to rise and the reflectivity to be increased, reflected sunlight is absorbed by the back of the double-sided battery to generate electricity, and the direct incidence of the summer sunlight into a room is reduced to increase the refrigeration load of an indoor air conditioner; in winter, the surface temperature of the color-changing heat-insulating layer is reduced, the transmittance is increased, and sunlight can enter the room, so that the heat supply load of an air conditioner in winter is effectively reduced, and the energy-saving effect of the building is good in different seasons; when the solar radiation irradiated on the semitransparent photovoltaic window is too strong, the temperature of the color-changing heat-insulating layer is increased, the transmittance is reduced, the glare can be effectively avoided, and a good light environment can be created indoors; sunlight reflected by the color-changing heat-insulating layer is absorbed by the back of the power generation layer, so that the sunlight reflected outdoors is reduced, and urban light pollution is effectively avoided. In addition, the two narrow air cavities have large air convection resistance and increased convection heat transfer resistance, thereby effectively improving the thermal resistance of the window and weakening the heat transfer of indoor and outdoor heat conduction; the low-e coating has low reflectivity and emissivity to long wave infrared radiation, which can weaken indoor and outdoor radiation heat transfer.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a translucent photovoltaic window of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a visual effect diagram of a translucent photovoltaic window of the present invention.
[ description of reference ]
11: an outer glass layer; 12: an inner glass layer; 13: an outer membrane; 14: an inner membrane; 151: a double-sided solar cell strip; 152: a gap;
21: a thermochromic coating; 22: an insulating glass; 23: a Low-e coating;
31: a first air chamber; 32: a second air chamber;
41: an indoor glass layer.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The invention provides a semitransparent photovoltaic window with variable optical characteristics, which comprises a power generation layer and a color-changing heat insulation layer which are sequentially overlapped, wherein the power generation layer and the color-changing heat insulation layer are sequentially overlapped; wherein, the electricity generation layer is including the outer glass layer 11 of superpose in proper order, two-sided solar cell layer and interior glass layer 12, the one side that two-sided solar cell layer just is outer glass layer 11 is the front, the one side that two-sided solar cell layer just is interior glass layer 12 is the back, the front and the back homoenergetic on two-sided solar cell layer can utilize solar energy to generate electricity, the back on two-sided solar cell layer is close to thermal insulating layer one side that discolours, the thermal insulating layer that discolours can reflect light to the back on two-sided solar cell layer. The double-sided solar cell layer can preferably consist of crystalline silicon cells, the front side and the back side of the double-sided solar cell layer can receive solar radiation to generate electricity, solar energy can be used for generating electricity more efficiently, and the utilization rate of energy is remarkably improved. And moreover, the color-changing heat-insulating layer reflects sunlight penetrating through the power generation layer outwards, so that the increase of indoor cold load caused by the direct incidence of the sunlight into a room is avoided, and the heat insulation performance of the window is effectively improved.
Furthermore, the double-sided solar cell layer comprises a photovoltaic panel and a bonding film, the photovoltaic panel comprises a plurality of double-sided solar cell strips 151 distributed at intervals, the double-sided solar cell strips are arranged at equal intervals to form a semitransparent structure, and the intervals can be adjusted according to the requirements of users, so that the preset fixed transmittance of the semitransparent photovoltaic window is achieved, and the lighting requirements of different users are met; the laminated film is preferably a PVB protective film, the PVB protective film comprises an outer film 13 and an inner film 14, the photovoltaic panel is arranged between the outer film 13 and the inner film 14, the outer film 13 is laminated with the outer glass layer 11, and the inner film 14 is laminated with the inner glass layer 12. In a preferred embodiment, the outer glass layer 11, the outer film 13, the photovoltaic panel, the inner film 14 and the outer glass layer 11 are sequentially stacked, and are processed by a hot press molding technology to form an adhesive sandwiched structure, so that the structure is more stable, the photovoltaic panel is effectively protected, and the durability of the photovoltaic panel is improved.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, in a preferred embodiment, the photovoltaic panel is cut by a laser cutting technique to form a plurality of double-sided solar cell strips 151, the double-sided solar cell strips 151 are sequentially arranged at intervals, the plurality of double-sided solar cell strips 151 are connected in series or in parallel to form a cell string with a predetermined current and voltage, the double-sided solar cell strips 151 are sandwiched between the outer glass layer 11 and the inner glass layer 12 by the inner film 14 and the outer film 13, and the sandwiched structure is formed after the treatment by a hot press molding technique. The sum of the single-side areas of the double-sided solar cell strips 151 is smaller than the single-side area of the inner film 14 or the outer film 13, the ratio of the single-side total area of the double-sided solar cell strips 151 to the single-side area of the inner film 14 or the outer film 13 determines the fixed transmittance of the photovoltaic panel, and the fixed transmittance of the photovoltaic panel determines the indoor lighting effect.
When sunlight irradiates the semitransparent photovoltaic window, a part of the sunlight irradiates the opaque double-sided solar cell strip 151 through the power generation layer, and is absorbed by the front side of the double-sided solar cell strip 151 to be converted into electric energy and heat energy; the generated electric energy can be directly supplied to the building for power utilization and can also be uploaded to a power grid; the generated heat energy is transmitted to the color-changing heat-insulating layer through radiation, the temperature of the thermochromic coating in the color-changing heat-insulating layer is improved, but the emissivity of the Low-e coating in the color-changing heat-insulating layer is very Low, the heat is blocked by the Low-e coating, and the heat transmission to indoor radiation can be greatly reduced, so that the heat transmission from summer to indoor is effectively reduced. The rest sunlight irradiates the color-changing heat-insulating layer after penetrating through the gap 152, the color-changing heat-insulating layer reflects part of the sunlight to the back of the double-sided solar cell belt 151, the double-sided solar cell belt 151 can further utilize the reflected sunlight to generate electricity, the utilization rate of energy is effectively improved, and meanwhile, the light pollution caused by the fact that the reflected light irradiates outdoors can be avoided. Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the plurality of double-sided solar cell strips 151 are disposed at equal intervals to ensure that the rest of the solar light can be uniformly irradiated into the room, thereby avoiding the generation of shadows with different shapes, and improving the visual comfort.
In a preferred embodiment, the color-changing thermal insulation layer includes a thermochromic coating layer 21, an insulating glass layer 22, and a Low-e coating layer (Low emissivity layer) 23 stacked in this order, wherein the side facing the power generation layer is the front side of the insulating glass, and the other side is the back side of the insulating glass. The insulating glass layer 22 is preferably ultra-thin glass, the thickness range of the ultra-thin glass is 0.3 mm-1.0 mm, the weight is light, the influence on the whole weight of the window is extremely small, and the transportation is more facilitated. The thermochromic coating 21 is deposited on the front surface of the insulating glass layer 22 by a pyrolysis technique or a sputtering technique, and the thermochromic coating 21 has the characteristic of changing the reflectivity and the transmittance thereof with the change of temperature, wherein the reflectivity is increased along with the increase of the temperature and is reduced along with the reduction of the temperature, and the transmittance is reduced along with the increase of the temperature and is increased along with the reduction of the temperature; therefore, the thermochromism coating 21 can effectively change the transmittance of the semitransparent photovoltaic window, so that the transmittance of the semitransparent photovoltaic window is changed along with the solar radiation intensity, and the lighting effect under different illumination intensities cannot be influenced by the limitation of the fixed transmittance of the photovoltaic panel. The Low-e coating 23 is deposited on the back of the insulating glass layer 22 through a pyrolysis technology or a sputtering technology, the back of the insulating glass layer 22 is the side far away from the power generation layer, and the Low-e coating 23 has high transmittance to visible light, Low emissivity and high reflectivity to medium-long wave radiation, so that the radiation heat transfer of indoor and outdoor environments can be effectively weakened while lighting is ensured. Specifically, when the coating temperature of the thermochromic coating changes from 20 ℃ to 60 ℃, the transmittance of the thermochromic coating changes from 78% to 35%, and the reflectance of the thermochromic coating changes from 4.7% to 20%, for example, when the coating temperature of the thermochromic coating is 20 ℃, the transmittance of the thermochromic coating can be 78%, and the reflectance of the thermochromic coating can be 4.7%, but when the coating temperature of the thermochromic coating continues to increase, the transmittance of the thermochromic coating will slowly decrease, and the reflectance will slowly increase.
In order to ensure the indoor lighting effect under different illumination intensities, the fixed transmittance of the photovoltaic panel is generally set to be very high when the semitransparent photovoltaic window is produced, at the moment, the situation of generating glare indoors under the condition of high illumination intensity can occur, the indoor visual comfort degree is seriously influenced, and the thermochromic coating 21 can effectively avoid the generation of the glare. Specifically, the transmittance of the semitransparent photovoltaic window changes along with the intensity of solar radiation, when no glare is generated, the better lighting effect and the more comfortable visual effect can be ensured under the high fixed transmittance, and when the glare is generated, the generation of the glare is avoided by changing the transmittance of the thermochromic material. The Low-e coating 23 is deposited on the back of the insulating glass layer 22 through a pyrolysis technology or a sputtering technology, the back of the insulating glass layer 22 is the side far away from the power generation layer, and the Low-e coating 23 has high transmittance to visible light, Low emissivity and high reflectivity to medium-long wave radiation, so that the radiation heat transfer of indoor and outdoor environments can be effectively weakened while lighting is ensured.
In addition, the semitransparent photovoltaic window further comprises an indoor glass layer 41, a first air cavity 31 and a second air cavity 32, wherein the indoor glass layer 41 is close to the Low-e coating 23, the first air cavity 31 is arranged between the power generation layer and the color-changing heat insulation layer, and the second air cavity 32 is arranged between the color-changing heat insulation layer and the indoor glass layer 41. The indoor glass layer 41 directly contacts with indoor air, and comfort of indoor personnel can be effectively improved when the surface temperature of the indoor glass layer 41 is appropriate. The insulating glass layer 22 isolates two air cavities, so that an air flow channel is narrowed, the convection resistance of air is large, the convection heat transfer is weakened, the thermal resistance of the semitransparent photovoltaic window is increased, and the heat preservation and insulation effect of the semitransparent photovoltaic window is effectively improved. The temperature of the indoor glass layer 41 in contact with the indoor space is one of the important factors affecting the indoor thermal comfort, and the temperature of the layer does not cause thermal discomfort to the human body due to the improvement of the heat preservation and insulation effect of the semitransparent photovoltaic window by the front material.
The overall scheme of the invention greatly improves the power generation rate of the photovoltaic window, reduces the dangerous possibility of light pollution caused by thermochromic glass when solar radiation is too strong, greatly improves the heat preservation and heat insulation performance, and is greatly helpful for popularizing the application of the photovoltaic window and realizing energy conservation and environmental protection.
Specifically, under the condition of strong illumination in summer, sunlight irradiates on the photovoltaic window, and a part of sunlight is reflected by the outside transparent glass; one part of the solar cell is absorbed by the front surface of the double-sided solar cell layer and converted into electric energy and heat energy; a part of sunlight irradiates the color-changing heat-insulating layer after passing through the gap 152, wherein the temperature of the color-changing heat-insulating layer is increased after the part of the sunlight irradiating the color-changing heat-insulating layer is absorbed by the color-changing heat-insulating layer, the reflectivity of the thermochromic coating 21 deposited on the front surface of the insulating glass is increased along with the increase of the temperature, the transmittance is reduced along with the increase of the temperature, the risk of glare can be reduced when the illumination is too strong, the sunlight entering the room can be effectively reduced in summer, and the indoor air-conditioning refrigeration energy consumption can be reduced. The sunlight reflected by the thermochromic coating 21 reaches the double-sided solar cell layer, and is absorbed and converted again by the back surface of the double-sided solar cell layer, so that the power generation rate of the photovoltaic panel is further improved, and the stronger the solar radiation is, the higher the power generation rate is. When the solar radiation is too strong, because the brightness is too high, the glare phenomenon can be formed indoors, so that the indoor vision is uncomfortable, at the moment, the temperature of the color-changing heat-insulating layer is high, the reflectivity of the thermochromism coating 21 is high, the transmittance is low, the sunlight is effectively prevented from irradiating the indoor space, the glare phenomenon is avoided, the reflected light is absorbed by the back of the double-sided solar cell layer, the generation of the reflected light is reduced, and the generation of light pollution is effectively avoided.
The solar radiation intensity is lower in winter, the reflectivity of the thermochromic coating 21 is low, the transmittance is high, sunlight directly enters the room for lighting, the indoor lighting effect is effectively improved, and meanwhile, the indoor solar radiation heat is effectively increased. The Low-e coating 23 deposited on the back of the insulating glass layer 22 has high transmittance to visible light and Low emissivity and high reflectivity to medium-long wave infrared radiation, so that even if the overall temperature of the color-changing heat-insulating layer is high, the heat transfer amount to indoor radiation is small, and meanwhile, the Low-e coating 23 weakens the radiation heat transfer between indoor and outdoor environments, improves the heat preservation and insulation effect of the photovoltaic window, and reduces the energy consumption of air conditioning and heating. The thermal-insulated effect of heat preservation that has further improved photovoltaic window of the joining of two air chambers avoids indoor glass layer 41 to influence human travelling comfort because of summer high temperature, winter low temperature.
It should be understood that the above description of specific embodiments of the present invention is only for the purpose of illustrating the technical lines and features of the present invention, and is intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and to implement the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments. It is intended that all such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. The semitransparent photovoltaic window with variable optical characteristics is characterized by comprising a power generation layer and a color-changing heat insulation layer which are sequentially superposed;
the power generation layer comprises an outer glass layer, a double-sided solar cell layer and an inner glass layer which are sequentially stacked, the front surface and the back surface of the double-sided solar cell layer can generate power by using solar energy, and the back surface of the double-sided solar cell layer is close to one side of the color-changing heat insulation layer;
the color-changing heat-insulating layer can reflect light rays to the back surface of the double-sided solar cell layer.
2. A variable optical property translucent photovoltaic window as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the double-sided solar cell layer is including laminating membrane and a plurality of interval distribution's double-sided solar cell area, the front in double-sided solar cell area and the back homoenergetic utilize solar energy to generate electricity, laminating membrane includes adventitia and intima, double-sided solar cell area set up in the adventitia with between the intima, the adventitia with the laminating of outer glass layer, the intima with the laminating of interior glass layer.
3. A variable optical property translucent photovoltaic window as claimed in claim 2 wherein: and a plurality of the double-sided solar cell strips are connected in series or in parallel to form a cell string with a preset current voltage.
4. A variable optical property translucent photovoltaic window according to claim 3 wherein: the double-sided solar cell strips are arranged at equal intervals to form a semitransparent structure, and the size of the intervals can be adjusted to achieve a preset transmittance.
5. A variable optical property translucent photovoltaic window as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the laminating film is a PVB protective film.
6. A translucent photovoltaic window of variable optical properties according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that: the color-changing heat insulation layer comprises a thermochromic coating, an isolation glass layer and a Low-e coating which are sequentially stacked, and the thermochromic coating is close to the inner glass layer.
7. The variable optical property translucent photovoltaic window of claim 6, wherein: when the coating temperature of the thermochromic coating changes between 20 ℃ and 60 ℃, the transmittance of the thermochromic coating changes between 78% and 35%, and the reflectivity of the thermochromic coating changes between 4.7% and 20%.
8. The variable optical property translucent photovoltaic window of claim 6, wherein: the thickness of the isolation glass layer is 0.3 mm-1.0 mm.
9. A translucent photovoltaic window of variable optical properties according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that: the semi-transparent photovoltaic window further comprises an indoor glass layer, and the indoor glass layer is close to the color-changing heat insulation layer.
10. A variable optical property translucent photovoltaic window as claimed in claim 9 wherein: the semi-transparent photovoltaic window further comprises a first air cavity arranged between the power generation layer and the color-changing heat insulation layer, and a second air cavity arranged between the color-changing heat insulation layer and the indoor glass layer.
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