CN115062397B - Method and device for optimizing daylighting performance of non-uniform semitransparent photovoltaic window - Google Patents
Method and device for optimizing daylighting performance of non-uniform semitransparent photovoltaic window Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of building photovoltaic integration, and discloses a method and a device for optimizing the daylighting performance of a non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window, wherein the method comprises the following steps: establishing a relation between the battery width and the viewpoint distance according to the view angle model; obtaining the maximum battery width according to the critical viewing angle, the set viewpoint distance and the relationship between the battery width and the viewpoint distance; the critical viewing angle is the maximum viewing angle at which the human eye can ignore the battery strip; acquiring the daylighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window under the optional cell width, and finding out the optimal daylighting performance from the acquired daylighting performance; the selectable cell width is less than or equal to the maximum cell width; and determining the optimal battery coverage rate corresponding to the selectable battery width according to the optimal daylighting performance. According to the method, the cell width and the cell coverage rate are considered at the same time, the cell coverage rate is optimized according to the cell width, the lighting performance of the semitransparent photovoltaic window is optimized comprehensively, and various visual discomfort phenomena caused by cell strips are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building photovoltaic integration, in particular to a method and a device for optimizing the daylighting performance of a non-uniform semitransparent photovoltaic window.
Background
The semi-transparent photovoltaic window is an important application of building photovoltaic integration technology, and the window can realize indoor natural lighting while utilizing solar energy to generate electricity, so that the illumination energy consumption is further reduced, a good visual field is provided, the contact with natural light is increased, and the physical and mental health and the working efficiency of indoor personnel are benefited.
The battery strips with the same width are uniformly distributed in the non-uniform semitransparent photovoltaic window interlayer, sunlight enters a room through glass gaps among the battery strips, and the lighting effect is achieved while electricity is generated. The opaque batteries and the transparent glass in the window interlayer are partially arranged in a staggered manner, the whole window interlayer is represented as an uneven medium, and the lighting performance is easily influenced to a certain extent. In addition, because the battery strips are generally light-proof, the densely arranged battery strips can block outdoor scenes, and visual discomfort of indoor personnel is caused.
And the lighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window is optimized, and the purpose is to calculate the lighting energy consumption of a building so as to evaluate the comprehensive energy efficiency of the window. At present, a method for optimizing the lighting performance is used, only the battery coverage rate is considered for window structural factors in an optimization process, the battery coverage rate refers to the percentage of the total area of a battery strip to the surface of the whole window glass, and the feasible battery coverage rate is obtained by simulating the lighting performance of windows in different weather zones and under different working conditions. The simulation method takes the non-uniform photovoltaic glass as a uniform medium, directly takes the measured integral transmittance of the photovoltaic glass as the optical characteristic of the model building envelope, cannot evaluate the influence of different cell widths and different cell coverage rates on the lighting performance of a window, and does not consider the problem of visual discomfort caused by the cell strips.
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the technical staff in the field is needed to optimize the lighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window and avoid the problem of visual discomfort such as the shielding of the view field of the battery strip on the surface of the window during close-range observation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for optimizing the lighting performance of a non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window, which can comprehensively optimize the lighting performance of the translucent photovoltaic window and simultaneously improve various visual discomfort phenomena caused by battery strips. The specific scheme is as follows:
a method for optimizing the daylighting performance of a non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window comprises the following steps:
establishing a relation between the battery width and the viewpoint distance according to the view angle model;
obtaining the maximum battery width according to the critical viewing angle, the set viewpoint distance and the relation between the battery width and the viewpoint distance; the critical visual angle is the maximum visual angle at which the human eyes can ignore the battery strips;
acquiring the daylighting performance of a non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window under the optional cell width, and finding out the optimal daylighting performance from the acquired daylighting performance; the selectable cell width is less than or equal to the maximum cell width;
and determining the optimal battery coverage rate corresponding to the selectable battery width according to the optimal daylighting performance.
Preferably, in the method for optimizing the lighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window provided in the embodiment of the present invention, a formula corresponding to a relationship between the cell width and the viewpoint distance is a first formula; the first formula is:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
is the angle of view of the camera,
is the width of the battery, and,
is the viewpoint distance.
Preferably, in the method for optimizing the lighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the obtaining the lighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window under the selectable cell width includes:
respectively carrying out lighting simulation on a battery strip and a glass gap of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window under the selectable battery width by a step-by-step superposition simulation method to obtain the total illumination of a certain measuring point of a room and the total brightness distribution of a certain set visual field;
and acquiring the lighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window according to the spatial distribution of the illuminance of all measuring points in the grid range on a certain horizontal plane and the total brightness distribution of a certain set visual field.
Preferably, in the method for optimizing the daylighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the lighting simulation is performed on the battery strip and the glass gap of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window under the selectable battery width by using a step-by-step superposition simulation method, so as to obtain the total illuminance at a certain measurement point of the room and the total brightness distribution of a certain set visual field, where the method includes:
establishing a total room model for the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window and a building where the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window is located;
disassembling the total room model into a plurality of sub-room models, wherein each sub-room model comprises a glass gap group, and the glass gap group comprises a set number of battery strips and a set of glass gaps among the battery strips;
superposing the illumination of each glass gap group to obtain the total illumination of a certain measuring point of the room;
carrying out image simulation on each sub-room model to obtain a brightness distribution image of each glass gap group;
and superposing the brightness distribution images to obtain the total brightness distribution of a set visual field of the room.
Preferably, in the optimization method for the lighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window provided by the embodiment of the invention, a second formula is adopted to obtain the total illumination of a certain measuring point in a room; the second formula is:
wherein，
Is the illumination analog value of each group of battery bars when the battery bars are not light-tight
Is a group of a number of 0 s,
is an illuminance analog value of each group of glass gaps,
is the total illumination at a certain measuring point of the room,
is the total number of the glass gap groups.
Preferably, in the optimization method for the daylighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a third formula is adopted to obtain the total brightness distribution of a certain set visual field of a room; the third formula is:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
is a brightness distribution image of each group of battery strips, the brightness distribution image is black when the battery strips are not transparent,
is an image of the brightness distribution of each group of glass gaps,
is the total brightness distribution image of a set field of view of the room.
Preferably, in the method for optimizing the lighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the obtaining the lighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window according to the spatial distribution of the illuminance of all the measurement points in the grid range on a certain horizontal plane and the total luminance distribution of a certain set field of view includes:
comparing the space distribution of the illuminance of all measuring points in the grid range on a certain horizontal plane with a space available sunlight illuminance threshold value, and judging whether the daylighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window is qualified or not;
and if the brightness of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window is qualified, obtaining the glare grade in the lighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window according to the total brightness distribution of a certain set visual field.
Preferably, in the method for optimizing the lighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the obtaining the glare rating in the lighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window according to the total brightness distribution of a certain set visual field includes:
according to the total brightness distribution of a certain set visual field, identifying the size, the position and the brightness of all glare sources in a total brightness distribution image, and calculating the discomfort glare possibility;
and obtaining the glare grade in the lighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window according to the calculated discomfort glare possibility.
Preferably, in the method for optimizing the lighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the obtaining the glare rating in the lighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window according to the calculated discomfort glare possibility includes:
if the discomfort glare likelihood is not greater than a first glare threshold, the glare rating is imperceptible glare;
if the discomfort glare possibility is greater than a first glare threshold and not greater than a second glare threshold, the glare rating is perceivable glare; the second glare threshold is greater than the first glare threshold;
if the discomfort glare probability is greater than a second glare threshold and not greater than a third glare threshold, the glare rating is disturbed glare; the third glare threshold is greater than the second glare threshold;
if the discomfort glare probability is greater than a third glare threshold, the glare rating is intolerable.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an optimization device for the daylighting performance of the non-uniform semitransparent photovoltaic window, which comprises:
the relation establishing module is used for establishing the relation between the battery width and the viewpoint distance according to the visual angle model;
the maximum battery width calculation module is used for obtaining the maximum battery width according to a critical viewing angle, a set viewpoint distance and the relationship between the battery width and the viewpoint distance; the critical visual angle is the maximum visual angle at which the human eyes can ignore the battery strips;
the optimal daylighting performance acquisition module is used for acquiring the daylighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window under the optional cell width and finding out the optimal daylighting performance from the acquired daylighting performance; the selectable cell width is less than or equal to the maximum cell width;
and the optimal battery coverage rate determining module is used for determining the optimal battery coverage rate corresponding to the selectable battery width according to the optimal daylighting performance.
According to the technical scheme, the optimization method for the daylighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window comprises the following steps: establishing a relation between the battery width and the viewpoint distance according to the view angle model; obtaining the maximum battery width according to the critical viewing angle, the set viewpoint distance and the relationship between the battery width and the viewpoint distance; the critical viewing angle is the maximum viewing angle at which the human eyes can ignore the battery strips; acquiring the daylighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window under the optional cell width, and finding out the optimal daylighting performance from the acquired daylighting performance; the selectable cell width is less than or equal to the maximum cell width; and determining the optimal battery coverage rate corresponding to the selectable battery width according to the optimal daylighting performance.
The method provided by the invention aims at the structural characteristics of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window, simultaneously considers the battery width and the battery coverage rate, firstly obtains the relation between the viewpoint distance and the battery width based on the view angle model, then obtains the selectable battery width range by combining the critical view angle of the battery strip which can be ignored by human eyes and the set viewpoint distance, and finally determines the battery coverage rate corresponding to a certain battery width according to the optimal daylighting performance, so that the battery width and the battery coverage rate are combined, the battery coverage rate is optimized according to the battery width, the daylighting performance of the semi-transparent photovoltaic window is further comprehensively optimized, various visual discomfort phenomena caused by the battery strip are improved, the whole optimization process is clear in logic, the flexibility of the viewpoint distance is realized, and the battery width and the coverage rate have certain correlation.
In addition, the invention also provides a corresponding device aiming at the optimization method of the lighting performance of the non-uniform semitransparent photovoltaic window, so that the method has higher practicability and the device has corresponding advantages.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or technical solutions in related arts, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related arts will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for optimizing the daylighting performance of a non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a view model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the linear relationship between viewing angle distance and maximum cell width provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an overall room model provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a ovary model provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of all measurement points within a grid range on a certain horizontal plane according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an optimization apparatus for the daylighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides an optimization method of the daylighting performance of a non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
s101, establishing a relation between the battery width and the viewpoint distance according to a view model;
it should be understood that the cell width is the width of the short side of the strip of photovoltaic cells that are cut or etched into elongated strips. The viewpoint distance is the distance between the human eye and the window. According to the viewing angle model shown in fig. 2, the relationship between the battery width and the viewpoint distance can be obtained.
S102, obtaining the maximum battery width according to the critical viewing angle, the set viewpoint distance and the relation between the battery width and the viewpoint distance; the critical viewing angle is the maximum viewing angle at which the human eye can ignore the battery strip;
in practical applications, the critical viewing angle of the present invention is based on the maximum viewing angle for neglecting the cell bars, which can be determined by visual comfort evaluation experiments for non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic windows. Taking the example that the battery width of a test window is 2mm, the battery coverage rate is 60 percent and the sample capacity is 44 people, carrying out statistical analysis on sample data, and displaying the result that the phenomenon of various visual discomfort caused by the battery strip can be improved by increasing the viewpoint distance, wherein a measuring point with the viewpoint distance of 4m is a turning point of a negligible battery strip selected by most testers, and the corresponding critical visual angle is
. It should be noted that the reference value is derived from the statistical data of the sample, and has no universality, and the sampleCapacity is related to the experimental window.
For different viewpoint distances, in order to neglect the battery strips, reduce the influence of the battery strips on obstructing the view of the window, reduce visual discomfort caused by the battery strips, and obtain the maximum battery width under the condition of not exceeding a critical viewing angle
Further define the proper battery width according to the requirement or the user
。
S103, acquiring the lighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window under the optional battery width, and finding out the optimal lighting performance from the acquired lighting performance; the selectable cell width is less than or equal to the maximum cell width;
in particular, the angle of view
The smaller the battery bar has, the smaller the influence of the battery bar on the visual field, the distance between the viewpoints
All selectable cell widths under conditions of
All can not be greater than
The battery bars can be ignored by human eyes. In practical application, the selectable battery width can be measured by comprehensively considering the sunlight supply and the glare protection
The daylighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window.
And S104, determining the optimal battery coverage rate corresponding to the selectable battery width according to the optimal lighting performance.
It should be noted that the optimization of the lighting performance of the invention is based on the structural characteristics, mainly the width of the battery strip and the coverage rate of the battery. The width and the coverage rate of the battery strips are used as key structural factors, and have certain correlation, so that the daylighting performance of the window can be influenced at the same time. The optimal battery coverage rate corresponding to the finally determined optional battery width is a precondition based on the optimal lighting performance.
In the optimization method of the lighting performance of the non-uniform semitransparent photovoltaic window, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the structural characteristics of the non-uniform semitransparent photovoltaic window are considered, the battery width and the battery coverage rate are considered, the relation between the viewpoint distance and the battery width is obtained based on the view model, the optional battery width range is obtained by combining the critical view angle of the battery strip which can be ignored by human eyes and the set viewpoint distance, and finally the battery coverage rate corresponding to a certain battery width is determined according to the best lighting performance, so that the battery width and the battery coverage rate are combined, the battery coverage rate is optimized according to the battery width, the lighting performance of the semitransparent photovoltaic window is comprehensively optimized, various visual discomfort phenomena caused by the battery strip are improved, the whole optimization flow is clear in logic, the viewpoint distance flexibility is realized, and the battery width and the coverage rate have certain correlation.
Further, in specific implementation, in the method for optimizing the lighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window provided in the embodiment of the present invention, according to the viewing angle model shown in fig. 2, the formula corresponding to the relationship between the cell width and the viewpoint distance in step S101 may be a first formula; the first formula is:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
is the angle of view of the camera,
is the width of the battery,
is the viewpoint distance;
further, since the viewing angle is generally small, the relationship between the viewpoint distance and the battery width can be approximated to the linear relationship of fig. 3. When different viewpoint distances are given
The maximum battery width can be obtained according to the formula (1) or fig. 3
。
In specific implementation, in the method for optimizing the lighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the step S103 of obtaining the lighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window under the selectable cell width may specifically include:
step one, respectively carrying out lighting simulation on a battery strip and a glass gap of a non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window under the selectable battery width through a step-by-step superposition simulation method to obtain the total illumination of a certain measuring point of a room and the total brightness distribution of a certain set visual field;
it is noted that it is common practice in the prior art to use a global simulation method, using non-uniform translucent photovoltaic modules as a whole, to introduce measured optical properties of the sample as a whole into the building envelope of the room model. Different from the whole simulation method, the stepwise superposition simulation method simultaneously considers the contribution of the battery strips and the glass gaps to indoor lighting, separately processes the battery strips and the glass gaps, and respectively performs lighting simulation on all the glass gaps and the battery strips. The step-by-step superposition simulation method can consider the influence of different cell widths and coverage rates, and better conforms to the structural characteristics and the visual field characteristics of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window. For the semi-transparent photovoltaic glass with different cell widths, the whole optical characteristics of the semi-transparent photovoltaic glass are not required to be measured every time, and the semi-transparent photovoltaic glass can be universally used in the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic glass with the same structure by only measuring the optical characteristics of the transparent glass component sample with the same structure.
In addition, it should be noted that the stationIs a selected location point in the room, from the space coordinates
Determining; the set visual field is a preselected visual field in a room, the default is the visual field of a fisheye lens, and the horizontal visual field range and the vertical visual field range are both 180 degrees. The viewpoint and the sight line direction are respectively defined by space coordinates
And unit direction vector
And (4) determining.
And step two, acquiring the lighting performance of the non-uniform semitransparent photovoltaic window according to the spatial distribution of the illuminance of all measuring points in the grid range on a certain horizontal plane and the total brightness distribution of a certain set visual field.
In a specific implementation, in the method for optimizing the lighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window provided in the embodiment of the present invention, in the step one, lighting simulation is performed on the battery strip and the glass gap of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window under the selectable battery width by using a step-by-step superposition simulation method, so as to obtain the total illuminance at a certain measurement point of a room and the total brightness distribution at a certain set visual field, which may specifically include: firstly, establishing a total room model aiming at a non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window and a building where the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window is located; disassembling the total room model into a plurality of sub-room models, wherein each sub-room model comprises a glass gap group, and each glass gap group comprises a set number of battery strips and a set of glass gaps among the battery strips; then, superposing the illumination of each glass gap group to obtain the total illumination of a certain measuring point of the room; finally, carrying out image simulation on each sub-room model to obtain a brightness distribution image of each glass gap group; and superposing the brightness distribution images to obtain the total brightness distribution of a set visual field of the room.
Fig. 4 shows a general room model, fig. 5 shows a sub-room model, a is a glass gap group, 01 is a battery strip, and 02 is a glass gap. The windows of the sub-room model are mainly composed of two materials: the material of the cell strip 01 portion and the light-transmitting material of the glass gap 02 portion. In the present invention, only the optical properties of a sample of the transparent glass assembly of the same construction need to be measured and introduced into the envelope of the room model. Since the number of glass gaps may be excessive, the simulation may not be smoothly performed. In order to solve the problems, the invention groups the glass gaps, as shown in fig. 5, a total room model is disassembled into a plurality of sub-room models, each sub-room model only comprises a glass gap group a, and finally the illumination of each group is superposed to obtain the total illumination of a certain measuring point. And simultaneously, respectively carrying out image simulation on the room models containing different groups of glass gaps, finally superposing the brightness partial images of each group to obtain the total brightness distribution of a certain set visual field, and subsequently carrying out glare analysis.
In specific implementation, in the optimization method for the daylighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window provided by the embodiment of the invention, a second formula can be adopted to obtain the total illumination of a certain measuring point of a room; the second formula is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the illumination analog value of each group of battery bars when the battery bars are not light-tight
Is 0, i.e. the battery strip does not contribute to the indoor illumination;
is an illumination analog value of each group of glass gaps,
is the total illumination at a certain measuring point of the room,
is the total number of sets of glass gaps.
In specific implementation, in the optimization method for the daylighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window provided by the embodiment of the invention, a third formula can be adopted to obtain the total brightness distribution of a certain set visual field of a room; the third formula is:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the brightness distribution image of each group of battery strips is black when the battery strips are not transparent, namely, the battery strips do not contribute to the indoor brightness;
is an image of the brightness distribution of each group of glass gaps,
is the total brightness distribution image of a set field of view of the room.
In a specific implementation, in the method for optimizing the lighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window provided in the embodiment of the present invention, in the second step, the lighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window is obtained according to the spatial distribution of the illuminance of all the measurement points in the grid range on a certain horizontal plane and the total brightness distribution of a certain set field, which may specifically include: comparing the space distribution of the illuminance of all measuring points in the grid range on a certain horizontal plane with a space available sunlight illuminance threshold (such as 55 percent), and judging whether the lighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window is qualified or not; and if the brightness distribution is qualified, obtaining the glare grade in the lighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window according to the total brightness distribution of a certain set visual field.
Fig. 6 shows all the measuring points in a grid range on a certain horizontal plane, the height of the horizontal plane from the ground is h, and the length of each grid unit is a and the width is b. In practical application, when the step one is executed, the spatial distribution of the illuminance of all measuring points in a grid (for example, the length a and the width b of each grid unit are both 0.6 m) range on a certain horizontal plane (for example, a horizontal plane with the height h of 0.75m from the ground) can be obtained specifically; and then comparing the obtained spatial distribution of the illuminance of all the measuring points with a spatial available daylight illuminance threshold (such as 55%) when the second step is executed so as to judge the lighting performance.
It should be noted that, the space available Daylight illumination (spudi) is a ratio of the area occupied by the measuring points which occupies a time ratio of >50% of the total simulation hours to the whole horizontal plane, and the horizontal illumination is between 300 lx and 3000 lx. When the sUDI threshold is 55%, the judgment standard corresponding to whether the daylighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window is qualified is shown in the table I.
Table one daylight supply evaluation index spudi
Further, in a specific implementation, in the method for optimizing the lighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the obtaining a glare rating in the lighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window according to a total brightness distribution of a certain set field may specifically include: recognizing the size, position and brightness of all Glare sources in a total brightness distribution image according to the total brightness distribution of a set visual field, and calculating Discomfort Glare Probability (DGP); and obtaining the glare grade in the daylighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window according to the calculated DGP.
Specifically, the DGP may be calculated using a fourth formula; the fourth formula is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the eye vertical illuminance (lx),
is the glare source luminance (cd/m 2),
is the solid angle (sr) of the glare source,Pis an index of the position of the object,Nis the total number of sources of glare.
Further, in specific implementation, in the method for optimizing the lighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the obtaining a glare rating in the lighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window according to the calculated DGP may specifically include: if the DGP is not greater than a first glare threshold (e.g., 0.35), the glare rating is imperceptible glare; if the DGP is greater than the first glare threshold and not greater than a second glare threshold (e.g., 0.40), the glare rating is perceivable glare; the second glare threshold is greater than the first glare threshold; if the DGP is greater than the second glare threshold and not greater than a third glare threshold (e.g., 0.45), the glare rating is disturbed glare; the third glare threshold is greater than the second glare threshold; if the DGP is greater than the third glare threshold, the glare rating is intolerable.
Specifically, the DGP may measure glare risk and glare rating, and when the first glare threshold is 0.35, the second glare threshold is 0.40, and the third glare threshold is 0.45, the glare rating evaluation standard of the DGP is shown in table two.
TABLE II Glare evaluation index DGP
It can be understood that when the glare rating of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window is imperceptible glare, the lighting performance is optimal, and at this time, the cell coverage corresponding to the current cell width of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window is optimal. Namely, the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window is formed by utilizing the current cell width and the corresponding cell coverage rate, and the lighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window is optimized.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a device for optimizing the daylighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window, and as the problem solving principle of the device is similar to that of the method for optimizing the daylighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window, the implementation of the device can refer to the implementation of the method for optimizing the daylighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window, and repeated parts are not described again.
In specific implementation, the optimization device for the daylighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window provided by the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 7, specifically includes:
the relation establishing module 11 is used for establishing a relation between the battery width and the viewpoint distance according to the view angle model;
the maximum battery width calculation module 12 is configured to obtain a maximum battery width according to the critical viewing angle, the set viewpoint distance, and a relationship between the battery width and the viewpoint distance; the critical viewing angle is the maximum viewing angle at which the human eye can ignore the battery strip;
the optimal lighting performance acquisition module 13 is configured to acquire the lighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window under the selectable cell width, and find out the optimal lighting performance from the acquired lighting performance; the selectable cell width is less than or equal to the maximum cell width;
and an optimal battery coverage rate determining module 14, configured to determine an optimal battery coverage rate corresponding to the selectable battery width according to the optimal lighting performance.
In the optimization device for the daylighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the cell width and the cell coverage rate can be combined through the interaction of the four modules, and the cell coverage rate is optimized according to the cell width, so that the daylighting performance of the semi-transparent photovoltaic window is comprehensively optimized, and various visual discomfort phenomena caused by cell strips are improved.
For more specific working processes of the modules, reference may be made to corresponding contents disclosed in the foregoing embodiments, and details are not repeated here.
The embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality in order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in Random Access Memory (RAM), memory, read Only Memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
To sum up, the optimization method for the daylighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: establishing a relation between the battery width and the viewpoint distance according to the view angle model; obtaining the maximum battery width according to the critical viewing angle, the set viewpoint distance and the relationship between the battery width and the viewpoint distance; the critical viewing angle is the maximum viewing angle at which the human eye can ignore the battery strip; acquiring the daylighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window under the optional cell width, and finding out the optimal daylighting performance from the acquired daylighting performance; the selectable cell width is less than or equal to the maximum cell width; and determining the optimal battery coverage rate corresponding to the selectable battery width according to the optimal daylighting performance. The method aims at the structural characteristics of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window, simultaneously considers the battery width and the battery coverage rate, firstly obtains the relation between the viewpoint distance and the battery width based on the view angle model, then obtains the optional battery width range by combining the critical view angle of the battery strip which can be ignored by human eyes and the set viewpoint distance, and finally determines the battery coverage rate corresponding to a certain battery width according to the optimal lighting performance, so that the battery width and the battery coverage rate are combined, the battery coverage rate is optimized according to the battery width, the lighting performance of the semi-transparent photovoltaic window is further comprehensively optimized, various visual discomfort phenomena caused by the battery strip are improved, the whole optimization process is logical and clear, the flexibility of the viewpoint distance is realized, and the battery width and the coverage rate have certain correlation. In addition, the invention also provides a corresponding device aiming at the optimization method of the non-uniform semitransparent photovoltaic window daylighting performance, so that the method has higher practicability and the device has corresponding advantages.
Finally, it should also be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising one of 8230; \8230;" 8230; "does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The method and the device for optimizing the lighting performance of the non-uniform semitransparent photovoltaic window are described in detail, specific examples are applied to explain the principle and the implementation mode of the method, and the description of the examples is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the method; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for optimizing the daylighting performance of a non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a relation between the battery width and the viewpoint distance according to the view angle model;
obtaining the maximum battery width according to the critical viewing angle, the set viewpoint distance and the relationship between the battery width and the viewpoint distance; the critical visual angle is the maximum visual angle at which the human eyes can ignore the battery strips; the maximum cell width determines an optional cell width range; the selectable cell width is less than or equal to the maximum cell width;
respectively carrying out lighting simulation on the battery strips and the glass gaps of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic windows under the selectable battery width by a step-by-step superposition simulation method, wherein the lighting simulation comprises the following steps of: establishing a total room model for the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window and the building where the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window is located under the selectable cell width; disassembling the total room model into a plurality of sub-room models, wherein each sub-room model comprises a glass gap group, and the glass gap group comprises a set number of battery strips and a set of glass gaps among the battery strips; superposing the illumination of each glass gap group to obtain the total illumination of a certain measuring point of a room; carrying out image simulation on each sub-room model to obtain a brightness distribution image of each glass gap group; superposing the brightness distribution images to obtain the total brightness distribution of a certain set visual field of a room;
acquiring the lighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window according to the spatial distribution of the illuminance of all measuring points in a grid range on a certain horizontal plane and the total brightness distribution of a certain set visual field, and finding out the optimal lighting performance from the acquired lighting performance;
and determining the optimal battery coverage rate corresponding to the selectable battery width according to the optimal daylighting performance.
2. The method for optimizing the daylighting performance of a non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window of claim 1, wherein the relationship between the cell width and the viewpoint distance corresponds to a first formula; the first formula is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the angle of view of the camera lens,
is the width of the battery, and,
is the viewpoint distance.
3. The optimization method for the daylighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window according to claim 1, wherein a second formula is used to obtain the total illumination at a certain measuring point of the room; the second formula is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the illumination analog value of each group of battery bars when the battery bars are not transparent
Is a non-volatile organic compound (I) with a value of 0,
is an illumination analog value of each group of glass gaps,
is the total illumination at a certain measuring point of the room,
is the total number of the glass gap groups.
4. The optimization method for the daylighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window according to claim 3, wherein a third formula is used to obtain the total brightness distribution of a certain set visual field of the room; the third formula is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is a brightness distribution image of each group of battery strips, the brightness distribution image is black when the battery strips are not transparent,
is an image of the brightness distribution of each group of glass gaps,
is the total brightness distribution image of a set field of view of the room.
5. The method for optimizing the lighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining the lighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window according to the spatial distribution of the illuminance of all the measuring points in the grid range on a certain horizontal plane and the total brightness distribution of a certain set visual field comprises:
comparing the space distribution of the illuminance of all measuring points in the grid range on a certain horizontal plane with a space available sunlight illuminance threshold value, and judging whether the daylighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window is qualified or not;
and if the brightness of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window is qualified, obtaining the glare grade in the lighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window according to the total brightness distribution of a certain set visual field.
6. The method for optimizing the daylighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window according to claim 5, wherein the obtaining the glare rating in the daylighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window according to the total brightness distribution of a certain set visual field comprises:
according to the total brightness distribution of a set visual field, identifying the size, the position and the brightness of all glare sources in a total brightness distribution image, and calculating the discomfort glare possibility;
and obtaining the glare grade in the lighting performance of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window according to the calculated discomfort glare possibility.
7. The method for optimizing the daylighting performance of a non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window of claim 6, wherein said obtaining a glare rating in the daylighting performance of the non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window based on the calculated discomfort glare probability comprises:
if the discomfort glare likelihood is not greater than a first glare threshold, the glare rating is imperceptible glare;
if the discomfort glare possibility is greater than a first glare threshold and not greater than a second glare threshold, the glare rating is perceivable glare; the second glare threshold is greater than the first glare threshold;
if the discomfort glare probability is greater than a second glare threshold and not greater than a third glare threshold, the glare rating is disturbed glare; the third glare threshold is greater than the second glare threshold;
if the discomfort glare probability is greater than a third glare threshold, the glare rating is intolerable.
8. An optimization device for the daylighting performance of a non-uniform translucent photovoltaic window, comprising:
the relation establishing module is used for establishing the relation between the battery width and the viewpoint distance according to the visual angle model;
the maximum battery width calculation module is used for obtaining the maximum battery width according to a critical viewing angle, a set viewpoint distance and the relationship between the battery width and the viewpoint distance; the critical visual angle is the maximum visual angle at which the human eyes can ignore the battery strips; the maximum cell width determines an optional cell width range; the selectable cell width is less than or equal to the maximum cell width;
the optimal daylighting performance acquisition module is used for respectively carrying out daylighting simulation on a battery strip and a glass gap of the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window under the selectable battery width by a step-by-step superposition simulation method, and comprises the following steps: establishing a total room model for the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window and the building where the non-uniform semi-transparent photovoltaic window is located under the selectable cell width; disassembling the total room model into a plurality of sub-room models, wherein each sub-room model comprises a glass gap group, and the glass gap group comprises a set number of battery strips and a set of glass gaps among the battery strips; superposing the illumination of each glass gap group to obtain the total illumination of a certain measuring point of a room; performing image simulation on each sub-room model to obtain a brightness distribution image of each glass gap group; superposing the brightness distribution images to obtain the total brightness distribution of a certain set visual field of a room; the device is also used for acquiring the lighting performance of the non-uniform semitransparent photovoltaic window according to the spatial distribution of the illuminance of all measuring points in a grid range on a certain horizontal plane and the total brightness distribution of a certain set visual field, and finding out the optimal lighting performance from the acquired lighting performance;
and the optimal battery coverage rate determining module is used for determining the optimal battery coverage rate corresponding to the selectable battery width according to the optimal daylighting performance.
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