CN115013993A - Photothermal composite switch and glass applying same - Google Patents
Photothermal composite switch and glass applying same Download PDFInfo
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- CN115013993A CN115013993A CN202210453436.0A CN202210453436A CN115013993A CN 115013993 A CN115013993 A CN 115013993A CN 202210453436 A CN202210453436 A CN 202210453436A CN 115013993 A CN115013993 A CN 115013993A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
- F24S50/80—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for controlling collection or absorption of solar radiation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
- F24S50/40—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors responsive to temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/10—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
- F24S80/52—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings characterised by the material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a photothermal composite switch and glass applying the same, wherein the photothermal composite switch comprises an upper cover plate, a lower cover plate and a flat capillary layer arranged between the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate, the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate are both light transmission layers, a plurality of parallel liquid containing cavities are formed in the upper cover plate and/or the lower cover plate, and optical heat conducting liquid is filled in the liquid containing cavities; the flat capillary layer penetrates through the liquid accommodating cavity, and the cross section area of the flat capillary layer is larger than the sum of the cross section areas of all the liquid accommodating cavities; the optical heat-conducting liquid can flow between the flat capillary layer and the liquid accommodating cavity of the photo-thermal compound switch according to the change of the wettability of the optical heat-conducting liquid along with the temperature, so that the photo-thermal compound switch can automatically adjust the light energy transmittance and the heat energy transmission capability. The photo-thermal compound switch can be used for adaptively adjusting light and heat transmission under the condition of temperature, and can be used for controlling light and heat simultaneously without additionally providing energy and manual intervention, so that the photo-thermal compound switch is energy-saving and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photo-thermal composite switches, in particular to a photo-thermal composite switch capable of self-adaptively adjusting based on liquid wettability and glass applying the photo-thermal composite switch.
Background
In people's daily life, light and heat are inevitably existed at the same time, but the demand for light and heat is changing constantly, so how to realize the transmission control of light and heat has been a research hotspot.
Wetting refers to the phenomenon of a liquid contacting a solid to lower the surface energy of the solid, and the common wetting phenomenon is the process of gas on the surface of the solid being replaced by the liquid. For example, water spreads on a clean glass plate to form a new solid/liquid interface, which replaces the original solid/gas interface, and the completion of the process is closely related to the surface properties of the solid and liquid and the interaction of solid-liquid molecules. The wetting action actually involves a gas, liquid, solid three-phase interface, and the angle from the solid-liquid interface through the interior of the liquid to the gas-liquid interface at the three-phase interface, called the contact angle, expressed in θ, is usually calculated by the Young's equation, which is the basis for studying the liquid-solid wetting action. Generally, the magnitude of the contact angle θ is a criterion for determining whether the wettability is good or bad. If θ is 0, the liquid completely wets the solid surface, where the liquid spreads; 0< theta <90 deg., the liquid can wet the solid, and the smaller theta, the better the wettability; 90 ° < θ <180 °, liquid cannot wet solid; and theta is 180 degrees and is not wetted completely, and the liquid is condensed into small balls on the surface of the solid.
The principle of spectral absorption is light absorption by interaction with electrons, excitons, lattice vibrations, impurities, defects, and the like present in a solid or liquid when light passes through the solid or liquid material. After the light passes through the material, its intensity is more or less reduced, in effect a part of the light energy is absorbed by the solid. The selective absorption or full spectrum absorption phenomenon exhibited by liquid or solid materials is actually that different materials have different absorption coefficients. The greater the absorption coefficient, the greater the ability of the material to absorb light. The full-spectrum absorption liquid comprises carbon nanotube nanofluid and the like. The spectral absorption liquid comprises nano silver particle fluid and the like.
Nanofluids are fluids containing nano-scale particles, called nanoparticles. These fluids are engineered colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in a base fluid. Nanoparticles for nanofluids are typically made of metal, oxide, carbide or carbon nanotubes. Common base oils include water, ethylene glycol, and oil. Nanofluids have new properties, including applications in heat transfer and optics. They have potential use in many applications in heat transfer, including microelectronics, fuel cells, pharmaceutical processes and hybrid engines, engine cooling/vehicle thermal management, household refrigerators, coolers, thermal heat exchangers, grinding, machining and boiler flue gas cooling. They exhibit enhanced thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer coefficients compared to the base fluid. Rheological knowledge finds that the behavior of nanofluids is critical in determining whether they are suitable for convective heat transfer applications. The optical application can realize full spectrum and spectral absorption behavior.
Liquid metal mainly researches the mercury substitution of gallium and gallium-based liquid metal, wherein the melting points of gallium, eutectic gallium-indium alloy and gallium-indium-tin alloy are 29.78 ℃, 15.6 ℃ and 11 ℃. The alloy is in a liquid state at normal temperature, has excellent conductivity of metal and liquidity of liquid, and is non-toxic and low in vapor pressure.
The Thermochromic (TC) material is a functional material whose absorption spectrum changes during temperature increase and decrease, and has a characteristic that light transmittance or color changes with temperature change. According to the reversibility of thermochromic color, thermochromic materials can be divided into two main categories, namely irreversible thermochromic color and reversible thermochromic color, wherein the typical representative of reversible thermochromic materials is vanadium dioxide (VO) 2 ). VO, a typical thermochromic material 2 Has the characteristic of spontaneously generating reversible semiconductor-metal reversible phase change near 340K, and simultaneously causes the change of optical performance (such as figures 3 and 4). VO when the temperature is lower than 340K 2 The crystal is a monoclinic system, has higher infrared transmittance at the moment, and is beneficial to the improvement of indoor temperature; VO when the temperature is higher than 340K 2 Being tetragonal, infrared is reflected more, and transmittance is lower, reducing room absorption of heat radiation. Therefore, the thermochromic vanadium oxide material is applied to the coating of the intelligent energy-saving window, so that the solar radiation heat can be effectively controlled, and the building energy consumption is reduced. The thermochromic material is a material with a thermal memory function and can be widely applied to the fields of building energy conservation, aerospace and the like. In the field of building energy conservation, a thermochromic energy-saving window uses a photochromic material with adjustable optical performance, and the light and heat of an indoor environment can be controllably adjusted by utilizing the change of the photochromic material on the transmission and reflection performance and the like generated by various physical stimuli (such as temperature change, electric field, light irradiation, gas action and the like).
A thermal switch is a device that achieves thermal control by changing the thermal resistance of a heat conducting path. The thermal switch allows thermal energy to pass through in its ON or closed state and blocks thermal energy in its OFF or open state. The thermal switch allows thermal energy to pass through in its ON or closed state and prevents thermal energy from passing through in its OFF or open state. These switches are mechanically transmissive, relying on contact between two conductive surfaces (typically made of metal) to pass heat. When the two surfaces are retracted, thermal energy cannot be conducted between the two surfaces other than through the air gap. If the device is placed in a vacuum, heat conduction is completely prevented in the off state. Another type of thermal switch involves the injection or withdrawal of a gas or liquid into or from a container. When the container is full, heat is conducted. When empty, no conduction occurs, although radiation transmission may still occur through the container. The thermal resistance of the thermal switch in the open state depends on the thermophysical properties of the gap, and the thermal resistance of the thermal switch in the closed state depends on the surface contact state. These switches described in the present invention rely on the spreading of a liquid intermediate two thermally conductive surfaces instead of an air layer therein to control the passage of heat. When the liquid contracts, the heat energy can be conducted only by the air layer in the middle of the heat conducting surface. Most of thermal switches in documents are mechanical devices, and are widely applied to the fields of aviation and thermoelectric generation.
For example: patent document 1(JP2021086102A) discloses a thermal switch that opens and closes a switch by changing the thermal conductivity by changing the applied voltage, frequency, and so on, a cooling device, and a display apparatus. Patent document 2(CN112203367A) discloses a thermal switch that opens and closes the switch by a change in magnetic force between a permanent magnet and a magnetic element, and a temperature control device having the same. Patent document 3(CN109387019A) discloses a thermal switch which is a mechanical thermal switch, and which is opened and closed by preparing a heat conductor using a plurality of materials having different thermal conductivities. Patent document 4(CN103376025A) discloses a controllable thermal switch in which liquid metal is contained in a vacuum chamber and the opening and closing of the switch are achieved by rotating the vacuum chamber.
Although the thermal switch in the above patent document can prevent or allow the passage of heat energy by opening and closing the thermal switch, on the one hand, the thermal switch can only control heat, but cannot control light; on the other hand, the above thermal switch is not suitable for use in glass.
An optical switch is a device that allows light to pass through in its ON or closed state and prevents light from passing through in its OFF or open state. For example: patent document 5(CN107315246A) discloses an optical switch based on the dielectric electrowetting effect, which achieves the opening and closing of the optical switch by driving the flow of a controlled discrete electrolyte droplet in a micro channel by the dielectric electrowetting principle. However, the optical switch can only control light, but cannot control heat.
In summary, none of the thermal switches (or optical switches) can control light and heat simultaneously, and only one thermal switch (or optical switch) with a single function cannot satisfy the requirement of controlling light and heat simultaneously. For example: in summer, the outdoor temperature is high, the illumination intensity is high, and the indoor temperature is increased through the glass. In order to avoid illumination, thermochromic glass can be generally used, but the traditional thermochromic glass only has the effects of blocking light and not insulating heat, so that although illumination is avoided, the temperature rise in a room cannot be avoided, and the room cannot be kept in a relatively stable state without using energy.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a photothermal composite switch and a glass using the photothermal composite switch, which realize simultaneous control of light and heat through one switch.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a photo-thermal composite switch comprises an upper cover plate, a lower cover plate and a flat capillary layer arranged between the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate, wherein the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate are both light transmission layers, a plurality of parallel liquid containing cavities are formed in the upper cover plate and/or the lower cover plate, and optical heat conducting liquid is filled in the liquid containing cavities; the flat capillary layer penetrates through the liquid containing cavities, and the cross-sectional area of the flat capillary layer is larger than the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all the liquid containing cavities; the optical heat-conducting liquid can flow between the flat capillary layer of the photo-thermal compound switch and the liquid accommodating cavity according to the change of the wettability of the optical heat-conducting liquid along with the temperature, so that the photo-thermal compound switch can automatically adjust the light energy transmittance and the heat energy transmission capacity;
when the photo-thermal composite switch is heated, and the optical heat-conducting liquid flows into the flat capillary layer from the liquid containing cavity, the transmittance of light energy is reduced, and the transmission capability of heat energy is improved; when the temperature is reduced and the optical heat-conducting liquid is retracted to the liquid accommodating cavity from the flat capillary layer, the transmittance of light energy is increased, and the transmission capability of heat energy is reduced.
As one preferable scheme of the present invention, the lower surface of the upper cover plate is uniformly provided with a plurality of first grooves, the corresponding positions of the upper surface of the lower cover plate are uniformly or non-uniformly provided with a plurality of second grooves, and the first grooves and the corresponding positions of the second grooves form the liquid accommodating chamber.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lower surface of the upper cover plate is uniformly or non-uniformly provided with a plurality of grooves, and the grooves form liquid accommodating chambers.
As one preferable scheme of the present invention, the liquid accommodating chambers are hemispherical, semi-cylindrical, spherical or cylindrical, and each liquid accommodating chamber is in a distribution of a certain pattern formed by a dot matrix, a linear matrix or dots/lines.
As one of the preferable schemes of the present invention, the flat capillary layer is provided with a partition structure, the partition structure partitions the flat capillary layer into a plurality of independent areas, and the number of the liquid accommodating chambers in each independent area is the same or different.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper cover plate or the lower cover plate is further provided with air holes or air passages.
As one preferable scheme of the invention, all or partial areas of the flat capillary layer and/or the inner wall of the liquid containing cavity are provided with hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic surfaces, and/or isolation surfaces and corrosion resistant surfaces are provided according to the corrosivity or volatility of the corresponding optical heat conducting liquid.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the photothermal composite switch is stacked in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the upper cover plate to form a multilayer structure.
As one preferable embodiment of the present invention, the optical heat conducting liquid is a reflective liquid material, a full spectrum absorbing liquid material, a spectral absorbing liquid material, or a thermochromic liquid material.
The invention also provides glass applying the photo-thermal composite switch.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the following advantages:
since different advantageous effects can be achieved by different features of the photothermal composite switch according to the present invention, only a part of the photothermal composite switch is illustrated herein to illustrate the advantageous effects thereof, and it is conceivable in the art that the advantageous effects of the present invention are not limited to the following examples.
The invention provides a photo-thermal composite switch capable of adaptively adjusting light and heat transmission under the condition of temperature, which realizes the adaptive adjustment of light and heat only by using one switch based on the change of wettability along with the temperature, namely, the photo-thermal composite switch is heated, when optical heat-conducting liquid flows into a flat capillary layer from a liquid containing cavity, the transmittance of light energy is reduced, and the transmission capability of heat energy is increased; when the temperature is reduced and the optical heat-conducting liquid is retracted to the liquid accommodating cavity from the flat capillary layer, the transmittance of light energy is increased, and the transmission capability of heat energy is reduced.
In addition, extra energy and manual intervention are not needed in the process, so that the energy-saving and environment-friendly effects are achieved.
The photo-thermal composite switch provided by the invention is applied to automobile glass or building glass, so that the self-adaptive adjustment of the temperature and light in the automobile or the building is realized, the comfort is improved, and the energy consumption caused by the traditional photo-thermal control is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a photothermal composite switch according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a photothermal composite switch according to an embodiment (a low temperature and b high temperature);
FIG. 3 is a top view of an embodiment of a photothermal composite switch (a low temperature b high temperature);
FIG. 4 is a side view of a photothermal composite switch according to an embodiment (a low temperature and b high temperature);
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a reflective photothermal composite switch according to the second embodiment (a low temperature and b high temperature);
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a triple absorption photothermal composite switch according to an embodiment (a low temperature and b high temperature);
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a four-selective transmission type photothermal composite switch according to an embodiment (a low temperature and b high temperature);
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a five-thermochromic photothermal composite switch according to an embodiment (a low temperature and b high temperature);
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a six-embodiment photothermal composite switch with a hemispherical liquid receiving chamber (a low temperature and b high temperature);
FIG. 10 is a side view of a photothermal composite switch according to an embodiment in a seven vertical orientation (a low temperature and b high temperature);
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an absorption type photothermal composite switch in an eighth vertical direction according to an embodiment (a low temperature and b high temperature);
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a photothermal composite switch having a coated hydrophilic surface according to example nine (a low temperature and b high temperature);
FIG. 13 is a side view of the photothermal composite switch of the embodiment having the air holes or air passages for providing the air flow communication path (a low temperature and b high temperature);
fig. 14 is a top view of the photothermal composite switch of the air hole or the air passage for providing the air flow communication path according to the tenth embodiment (a low temperature and b high temperature);
fig. 15 is a three-dimensional schematic view (a low temperature and b high temperature) of the photothermal composite switch according to the twelfth embodiment.
101-upper cover plate; 102-a lower cover plate; 103-a liquid containing cavity; 104-plate capillary layer; 105-an optically thermally conductive liquid; 106, 107-hydrophilic or hydrophobic surfaces; 108-a partition structure; 109-stomata or airways; 205-reflective liquid material; 305-a full spectrum absorbing liquid material; 405-a spectrally absorbing liquid material; 505-thermochromic liquid material.
Detailed Description
In the following, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the described embodiments are only possible technical implementations of the present invention, and not all of them are possible. Those skilled in the art can fully integrate the embodiments of the present invention into other embodiments without inventive step and still be within the scope of the present invention.
It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present invention, for example, the sequence numbers related to the processes do not mean the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of the processes should be determined by the functions and the inherent logic thereof, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.
The technical means of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following specific embodiments may be optionally combined with or replaced by each other according to practical situations, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described in detail in some embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, this embodiment provides an adaptively adjusted photothermal composite switch based on liquid wettability, which includes: an upper cover plate 101, a lower cover plate 102, a liquid containing cavity 103, a flat capillary layer 104 and an optical heat conducting liquid 105. The upper-layer cover plate 101 and the lower-layer cover plate 102 are both transparent layers, and the transparent layers are made of transparent glass or polycarbonate. The upper cover plate 101 and the lower cover plate 102 form a plurality of juxtaposed liquid containing chambers 103 for containing optically thermally conductive liquid 105. The flat capillary layer 104 traverses the liquid accommodating cavity and is communicated with the liquid accommodating cavity 103 through a capillary structure, and the cross-sectional area of the flat capillary layer is larger than the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all the liquid accommodating cavities.
The optical heat-conducting liquid can flow between the flat capillary layer of the photo-thermal compound switch and the liquid accommodating cavity according to the change of the wettability of the optical heat-conducting liquid along with the temperature, so that the photo-thermal compound switch can automatically adjust the light energy transmittance and the heat energy transmission capacity;
when the photo-thermal composite switch is heated, and the optical heat-conducting liquid flows into the flat capillary layer from the liquid containing cavity, the transmittance of light energy is reduced, and the transmission capability of heat energy is improved; when the temperature is reduced and the optical heat-conducting liquid is retracted to the liquid accommodating cavity from the flat capillary layer, the transmittance of light energy is increased, and the transmission capability of heat energy is reduced.
In this embodiment, the lower surface of the upper cover plate 101 is uniformly provided with a plurality of first grooves, the upper surface of the lower cover plate 102 is uniformly provided with a plurality of second grooves, and the first grooves and the second grooves at corresponding positions form the liquid accommodating chamber 103. The liquid receiving chamber 103 has a hemispherical shape or a semi-cylindrical shape, a spherical shape or a cylindrical shape, etc., as the case may be.
The liquid accommodating cavities 103 are regularly arranged to form an array, and the array can be a point array, a linear array, or an array of specific patterns, specific patterns and the like.
When the temperature rises and the wettability changes along with the temperature, the flat capillary layer 104 sucks the optical heat-conducting liquid 105 in the liquid accommodating cavity 103 through a capillary phenomenon; when the temperature drops and the wettability changes with the temperature, the optical heat-conducting liquid 105 in the flat capillary layer 104 retracts into the liquid accommodating cavity 103 under the action of surface tension.
The basic working principle is as follows: when the liquid is in a low-temperature state, the optical heat-conducting liquid 105 has poor wettability between the upper cover plate 101 and the lower cover plate 102, and exhibits high contact angle and hydrophobicity, at this time, the optical heat-conducting liquid 105 retracts into the liquid accommodating cavity 103, and air in the flat capillary layer 104 enters. Because the plane area of the liquid accommodating cavity 103 is small, and the plane area of the flat capillary layer 104 is large, light passes through the photo-thermal compound switch at the moment, and heat cannot easily pass through the photo-thermal compound switch, namely the optical switch is in a closed state, and the thermal switch is in an open state. When the liquid is in a high-temperature state, the optical heat-conducting liquid 105 has good wettability between the upper cover plate 101 and the lower cover plate 102, and exhibits low contact angle and hydrophilicity, and at this time, part or all of the optical heat-conducting liquid 105 is sucked into the flat capillary layer 104 from the liquid accommodating cavity 103. Because the plane area of the liquid accommodating cavity 103 is small, and the plane area of the flat capillary layer 104 is large, at the moment, the light transmission is influenced by the optical characteristics of the optical heat-conducting liquid 105, and the heat easily passes through the photo-thermal composite switch, namely, the optical switch is in an open state, and the thermal switch is in a closed state.
The photo-thermal composite switch can realize self-adaptive adjustment of light and heat based on the change of wettability of optical heat-conducting liquid along with temperature.
Example two:
this embodiment is a specific implementation manner of the first embodiment, and as shown in fig. 5, this embodiment provides an adaptive adjustment reflective photothermal switch based on liquid wettability, in which the optical performance of the optical heat conducting liquid 105 is mainly total reflection, that is, a reflective liquid material 205, such as a liquid metal material, is used. When the liquid storage cavity is in a high-temperature state, the reflective liquid material 205 has good wettability between the upper cover plate 101 and the lower cover plate 102, and exhibits low contact angle and hydrophilic characteristics, and at this time, part or all of the reflective liquid material 205 is absorbed into the flat capillary layer 104 from the liquid storage cavity 103. Since the plane area of the liquid containing cavity 103 is small, and the plane area of the flat capillary layer 104 is large, at this time, light is reflected by the reflective liquid material 205, and heat easily passes through the photo-thermal composite switch, that is, the optical switch is in an open state, and the thermal switch is in a closed state. At this time, most of the light is reflected and cannot penetrate through, and the photo-thermal switch isolates the light on the two sides of the switch and balances the temperature on the two sides.
Example three:
the embodiment is a specific implementation manner of the first embodiment. As shown in fig. 6, this embodiment provides an adaptive adjustment full spectrum absorption type photothermal switch based on liquid wettability, in which the optical performance of the optical heat conducting liquid 105 is dominated by full spectrum absorption, that is, the full spectrum absorption liquid material 305 is used. The full spectrum absorbing liquid material 305 used in this embodiment has the effect of absorbing all of the photo-heat, unlike the effect of the reflective liquid material 205, in this embodiment, the full spectrum absorbing liquid will cause the upper cover plate 101 and the lower cover plate 102 to have different temperature conditions after the temperature of the absorbed light energy rises, and to some extent, can play a role in heating the full spectrum absorbing photo-thermal switch to maintain the optical switch open and the thermal switch closed.
Example four:
the embodiment is a specific implementation manner of the first embodiment. As shown in fig. 7, this embodiment provides a liquid wettability-based adaptively-adjusted spectrum selective absorption type photothermal switch, and the optical performance of the optical heat conducting liquid 105 is mainly based on spectrum selective absorption, that is, a spectrum absorption liquid material 405 is adopted, and the spectrum absorption liquid material 405 includes, but is not limited to, a silver nanoparticle-added nano fluid, an aluminum nanoparticle-added nano fluid, and the like. The spectrum selection absorption type photothermal switch of the embodiment can transmit a light source in a certain spectral band while absorbing a light source in other spectral bands. There are also different advantages in use effect: since the optical heat-conducting liquid 105 of this embodiment has spectral selectivity, it can realize a spectral selective absorption type photothermal switch, so that visible light can be transmitted while infrared light, ultraviolet light, etc. are absorbed, and visible light can be transmitted when the optical switch is opened and closed, but infrared light and ultraviolet light cannot be transmitted when the optical switch is opened, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the temperature of the side of the lower cover plate 102 that is irradiated by the light source. At high temperature, the optical switch of the spectrum selective absorption type photo-thermal switch is turned on, according to different spectrums, a part of energy in light is absorbed by the optical heat-conducting liquid 105 and cannot penetrate through the optical heat-conducting liquid, at the moment, the temperature of the liquid in the photo-thermal switch rises, the light of part of the spectrums penetrates through the light, and the temperatures of two sides are balanced at the same time.
Example five:
the embodiment is a specific implementation manner of the first embodiment. As shown in fig. 8, this embodiment provides a liquid wettability-based adaptive-adjustment thermochromic photothermal switch, wherein the optical performance of the optical heat conducting liquid 105 has a thermochromic function, that is, a thermochromic liquid material 505 is adopted, the thermochromic liquid material 505 includes, but is not limited to, triarylmethane phthalides, indoline phthalides, fluorans, partial polymers, vanadium pentoxide fluids, and the like, and the thermochromic photothermal switch will exhibit different functional characteristics according to different color change temperatures and color change of the thermochromic material. For example, at low temperatures, the thermochromic material exhibits high transmittance of the full spectrum of sunlight, at high temperatures, the thermochromic material darkens, absorbing near infrared and part of visible light. The thermochromic liquid material 505 adopted in this embodiment has thermochromic properties, and the color change of the thermochromic material includes, but is not limited to, low-temperature transparency and high-temperature opacity; a certain color is presented at low temperature, and another color is presented at high temperature; the color and luster can be changed from low temperature to high temperature, etc. The thermochromic photothermal switch has a function of adjusting the spectral transmittance and absorption capacity along with the temperature, i.e., automatically adjusting the transmittance at different temperatures, and the properties of the thermal switch are the same as those of the first embodiment. This embodiment also has different advantages in terms of use: the embodiment has the function of changing the transmission spectrum, so that the thermochromic photo-thermal switch can be realized, after the photo-thermal switch is turned on at high temperature, the photo-thermal switch has the characteristic of changing the transparency or the opacity of the photo-thermal switch along with the temperature, or the capacity of changing the absorption and the transmission spectrum interval of the photo-thermal switch, such as infrared light and ultraviolet light, and further changing the absorption into full spectrum absorption, and the like, so that the effect of further adjusting the transmission brightness is achieved.
Example six:
as shown in fig. 9, this embodiment provides an adaptive adjustment photothermal composite switch based on liquid wettability, and the structural features of this embodiment are different from those of the first embodiment in the design shape of the liquid accommodating chamber 103, and the rest of the system components and the connection manner are the same as those of the first embodiment. In this embodiment, the liquid containing cavity 103 is only half of the first embodiment, that is, only the lower surface of the upper cover plate 101 is provided with a plurality of grooves, and after the temperature is increased, part or all of the optical heat-conducting liquid 105 is sucked into the flat capillary layer 104 from the liquid containing cavity 103.
In the embodiment, the effect of realizing light and heat self-adaptive adjustment along with temperature change based on the wettability of the optical heat-conducting liquid can be achieved only by arranging the liquid containing cavity in the upper cover plate or the lower cover plate, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
Example seven:
as shown in fig. 10, this embodiment is a case where the reflective photothermal composite switch is vertically placed instead of being horizontally placed, and the rest of the system is the same in composition structure and connection manner as those of the embodiment. In the case of vertical placement, the optically thermally conductive liquid 105 can be drawn into the flat capillary layer 104 after wettability changes, even under the action of gravity.
Example eight:
as shown in fig. 11, this embodiment is a full spectrum absorption type photothermal switch in the three states of the embodiment, and the horizontal placement is changed to the vertical placement, and the rest of the system components and the connection mode are the same as those in the first embodiment.
Example nine:
as shown in fig. 12, this embodiment provides an adaptive liquid wettability-based photothermal composite switch, in which a hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface 106 is provided on a portion of the flat capillary layer 104 between adjacent liquid receiving chambers, and preferably, the inner surface of the liquid receiving chamber is coated with a hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface, which may be a hydrophilic or hydrophobic coating, or a hydrophilic-hydrophobic structure. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces may also be spaced apart within the slab capillary layer. When the water-repellent liquid is hydrophilic, the optical heat-conducting liquid 105 is spread, the optical switch is turned on, and light rays are blocked; when the water is drained, the optical heat-conducting liquid 105 contracts, the optical switch is closed, and light can normally pass through the optical switch. Through continuous or discrete change of hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties can be accurately controlled, so that the flow of the optical heat conduction liquid 105 in a moving path or a filled area of the liquid accommodating cavity 103 and the flat capillary layer 104 is controlled, the process of exchanging positions of the optical heat conduction liquid 105 and air in the photo-thermal composite switch is controlled, the phenomenon that the flow of the optical heat conduction liquid 105 and air are blocked, bubbles are formed inside or areas which cannot enter the optical heat conduction liquid is avoided, and the attractiveness of the photo-thermal composite switch glass in the wetting process is improved. The rest of the structural features are the same as those of the first embodiment.
Example ten:
the embodiment provides a photo-thermal compound switch based on self-adaptive adjustment of liquid wettability, and the inner surfaces of the flat capillary layer 104 and the liquid accommodating cavity 103 are provided with isolating surfaces, so that the influence of the corrosivity or volatility of the optical heat conducting liquid 105 on the performance of the photo-thermal compound switch is avoided.
Example eleven:
as shown in fig. 13 and 14, the photo-thermal composite switch is adaptively adjusted based on the wettability of the liquid. This embodiment is based on the embodiment in which an air hole or air passage 109 is added to the upper cover plate 101. By arranging the air holes or the air passages, when part or all of the optical heat-conducting liquid 105 enters the flat capillary layer 104 from the liquid accommodating cavity 103 or enters the liquid accommodating cavity 103 from the flat capillary layer 104, air is discharged outwards or sucked inwards from the liquid accommodating cavity 103 and the flat capillary layer 104 through the air holes or the air passages 109, so that the optical heat-conducting liquid 105 can move more easily, and the response speed of the photothermal composite switch is further improved.
Example twelve:
as shown in fig. 15, this embodiment provides an adaptive regulation photothermal composite switch based on liquid wettability, which may be provided with a partition structure 108 between liquid accommodating chambers 103, and by providing the partition structure, it may be possible to achieve more accurate control of a moving path or range of the optical heat transfer liquid 105 according to a change in temperature. The rest of the structural features are the same as those of the first embodiment.
Example thirteen:
the embodiment provides a liquid wettability-based adaptive adjustment photo-thermal composite switch, the same structure as that of the embodiment is adopted, the photo-thermal composite switch is overlapped in the direction vertical to the surface of a cover plate to form a multi-layer structure, the adjustment performance and range of the photo-thermal switch can be enhanced or changed by selecting the same/different optical heat-conducting liquid 105, and the design and manufacture of the flat capillary layer 104 are facilitated.
Example fourteen:
this embodiment provides one kind and uses above-mentioned embodiment the glass of light and heat combination switch mainly is applied to on car glass or the building glass, realizes the self-adaptation regulation to the temperature in the car or the building and light, has improved the travelling comfort on the one hand, and on the other hand has also reduced the energy resource consumption that traditional light and heat control brought.
For example, in the case of automobiles exposed to sunlight in summer, the temperature inside the automobile may be too high to exceed 50 ℃, resulting in accelerated aging of the materials inside the automobile, and at the same time, may cause danger when personnel are still inside the automobile. When the glass at the positions of the skylight and the like adopts the photo-thermal composite switch provided by the invention, when the temperature is too high, the optical heat-conducting liquid is paved between the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate through capillary force, the optical characteristic of the reflection of the liquid can reflect most of the illumination, the light can be prevented from being exposed to the sun, and meanwhile, a heat-conducting path is formed, so that the heat in the vehicle is promoted to be transferred outwards. When the temperature is lower, because optics heat conduction liquid retracts the chamber that holds optics heat conduction liquid, like open the air conditioner in the car in summer, or when needing to keep warm winter, it is closed to get into the photoswitch, and the hot switch open mode, most light source all can see through the glass apron, does not influence the daylighting, also does not block the vision, because the existence of air bed reduces heat conduction and forms the heat preservation simultaneously, keeps the temperature in the car in comfortable scope.
Claims (10)
1. A photo-thermal composite switch is characterized in that: the device comprises an upper cover plate, a lower cover plate and a flat capillary layer arranged between the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate, wherein the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate are both light-transmitting layers, a plurality of parallel liquid containing cavities are formed in the upper cover plate and/or the lower cover plate, and optical heat-conducting liquid is filled in the liquid containing cavities; the flat capillary layer penetrates through the liquid containing cavities, and the cross-sectional area of the flat capillary layer is larger than the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all the liquid containing cavities;
the optical heat-conducting liquid can flow between the flat capillary layer and the liquid accommodating cavity of the photo-thermal compound switch according to the change of the wettability of the optical heat-conducting liquid along with the temperature, so that the photo-thermal compound switch can automatically adjust the light energy transmittance and the heat energy transmission capability;
when the photo-thermal composite switch is heated, and the optical heat-conducting liquid flows into the flat capillary layer from the liquid containing cavity, the transmittance of light energy is reduced, and the transmission capability of heat energy is improved; when the temperature is reduced and the optical heat-conducting liquid is retracted to the liquid accommodating cavity from the flat capillary layer, the transmittance of light energy is increased, and the transmission capability of heat energy is reduced.
2. The photothermal composite switch according to claim 1, wherein: the lower surface of the upper-layer cover plate is uniformly or nonuniformly provided with a plurality of first grooves, the upper surface of the lower-layer cover plate is uniformly provided with a plurality of second grooves, and the first grooves and the second grooves at corresponding positions form the liquid containing cavity.
3. The photothermal composite switch according to claim 1, wherein: the lower surface of the upper cover plate is uniformly or non-uniformly provided with a plurality of grooves which form liquid containing cavities.
4. The photothermal composite switch according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: the liquid containing cavities are hemispherical, semi-cylindrical, spherical or cylindrical, and each liquid containing cavity is in a dotted square matrix, a linear square matrix or a distribution of certain patterns formed by dots/lines.
5. The photothermal composite switch according to claim 1, wherein: the flat capillary layer is provided with a partition structure, the partition structure divides the flat capillary layer into a plurality of independent areas, and the number of the liquid accommodating cavities in each independent area is the same or different.
6. The photothermal composite switch according to claim 1, wherein: the upper cover plate or the lower cover plate is also provided with air holes or air passages.
7. The photothermal composite switch according to claim 1, wherein: the whole or partial area of the flat capillary layer and/or the inner wall of the liquid containing cavity is provided with a hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic surface, and/or an isolating surface and a corrosion-resistant surface are/is arranged according to the corrosivity or volatility of the corresponding optical heat-conducting liquid.
8. The photothermal composite switch according to claim 1, wherein: the photo-thermal composite switch is overlapped in the direction vertical to the surface of the upper cover plate to form a multilayer structure.
9. The photothermal composite switch according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the optical heat-conducting liquid is a reflective liquid material, a full-spectrum absorption liquid material, a spectral absorption liquid material or a thermochromic liquid material.
10. A glass, characterized in that: a photothermal composite switch according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is applied.
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