CN110606927B - High-performance polyurethane damping material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-performance polyurethane damping material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
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- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/4236—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups
- C08G18/4238—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups derived from dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/4266—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain prepared from hydroxycarboxylic acids and/or lactones
- C08G18/4269—Lactones
- C08G18/4277—Caprolactone and/or substituted caprolactone
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- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4854—Polyethers containing oxyalkylene groups having four carbon atoms in the alkylene group
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- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
- C08G18/6633—Compounds of group C08G18/42
- C08G18/6637—Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/6648—Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3225 or C08G18/3271 and/or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/6655—Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3225 or C08G18/3271 and/or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3271
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- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
- C08G18/6666—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
- C08G18/667—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/6681—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or C08G18/3271 and/or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/6688—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or C08G18/3271 and/or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3271
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2350/00—Acoustic or vibration damping material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-performance polyurethane damping material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-performance polyurethane damping material comprises a prepolymer or semi-prepolymer component (A component) and a chain extender component (B component), and comprises the following components in parts by weight: (1) 100 parts of component A, namely macromolecular polyol and 10-200 parts of diisocyanate; (2) 0-100 parts of component B, 5-50 parts of chain extender and 0-2 parts of catalyst; the A/B ratio is 100/5-200. The chain extender has the following structural formula:
wherein R is- (CH) 2 ) 2 -; r1, R2, R3 and R4 are H, alkyl, branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aryl containing substituent. The material does not introduce damping filler, graft modification or damping structural units, and does not increase the viscosity of a material system. And the damping material has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, and the damping performance of the material is improved so as to meet the requirements on the preparation process and strength of the material under certain special vibration reduction working environments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of polyurethane, and particularly relates to a polyurethane material with high strength and high loss factor and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of modern industry, the frequency and the place of occurrence of vibration and noise are more and more, and the vibration and noise generated by high automation flood all corners of life. Vibration, impact, noise and the like cause serious harm to social production and social life, on one hand, severe vibration directly influences normal work of instruments and meters and brings a lot of outstanding problems to electronic devices, instruments and meters, engineering structures and environmental protection, and on the other hand, vibration, noise and the like seriously interfere with work and life of people and harm to human health. Therefore, vibration damping and noise reduction are important problems which are urgently needed to be solved in many fields at present. Wherein the use of damping materials is one of the most effective methods for controlling vibration and noise.
The polyurethane material has a certain damping factor, and in order to further improve the damping performance of the polyurethane material, methods such as adding damping filler in a blending manner, graft modification or introducing a damping structure unit are generally adopted to improve the damping factor, for example, in patent document CN 108034344a, hydroxy acrylic resin, damping filler, sound-absorbing filler, a material containing a dibenzofuran structure and the like are added to improve the damping performance; in patent document CN105153394A, fillers such as carbon nanotubes and silica are added to improve the heat resistance and damping property of the material; patent document CN 107033324a adopts hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyester, pendant chain prepolymer, or the like to improve damping properties; in patent document CN 104448289a, a pendant group is introduced into the polyether main chain to increase internal friction and improve damping performance. However, the introduction of damping filler, graft modification or damping structural units and the like easily causes the viscosity of a material system to be increased, the filler to be dispersed unevenly and the like, and causes the problems of reduced material strength, increased hardness, uneven damping performance and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the first technical problem of providing a high-performance polyurethane damping material which does not introduce damping filler, graft modification or damping structural units and does not risk increasing the viscosity of a material system. And the damping material has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, and the damping performance of the material is improved so as to meet the requirements on the preparation process and strength of the material under certain special vibration reduction working environments.
The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a preparation method of the high-performance polyurethane damping material.
In order to solve the first technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a high-performance polyurethane damping material comprises a prepolymer or semi-prepolymer component (A component) and a chain extender component (B component), and comprises the following components in parts by weight:
(1) component A
Macropolyol 100
10-200 of diisocyanate
(2) B component
0-100 parts of macromolecular polyol
Chain extender 5-50
0 to 2% of a catalyst
The A/B ratio is 100/5-200.
The macromolecular polyol comprises polyester diol, polyether diol, polytetrahydrofuran diol or polycarbonate diol and the like, the molecular weight is 400-8000, and the average functionality is 1.8-3.0, preferably 1.9-2.0. Wherein the polyester diol comprises a reaction product of micromolecular dicarboxylic acid and micromolecular diol, and also comprises a product obtained by reacting various lactones with diol, such as epsilon-polycaprolactone diol (PCL) prepared by reacting caprolactone with ethylene glycol or diethylene glycol.
The diisocyanate includes aromatic diisocyanate, aliphatic diisocyanate, alicyclic diisocyanate, or the like, such as Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), p-phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI), 1, 5-Naphthalene Diisocyanate (NDI), 3 ' -dimethyl-4, 4 ' -biphenyl diisocyanate (TODI), Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), or 4,4 ' -dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H) 12 MDI), and the like.
The chain extender has the following structural formula: wherein R is- (CH) 2 ) 2 -. R1, R2, R3 and R4 are H, alkyl, branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aryl containing substituent.
The catalyst is one or a mixture of more of tertiary amine, organic bismuth compounds or organic tin compounds. The tertiary amine catalyst is preferably triethylene diamine; the organic bismuth compound is selected from bismuth isooctanoate, bismuth carboxylate or the combination thereof; the organic tin compound is selected from one or more of stannous octoate (T-9), dibutyltin dioctoate or dibutyltin dilaurate (T-12), etc.
The high-performance polyurethane damping material can be added with conventional additives, such as flame retardants, mold release agents, pigments, hydrolysis stabilizers, antioxidants, plasticizers, antistatic agents or reinforcing agents and the like.
In order to solve the second technical problem, the invention provides a preparation method of the high-performance polyurethane damping material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of component A: after dewatering the macromolecular polyol, adding metered isocyanate, reacting for 1.5-4 h at 70-100 ℃, defoaming in vacuum, cooling and discharging after theoretical NCO% is reached, and sealing and storing;
(2) preparation of the component B: mixing and stirring the macromolecular polyol, the chain extender, the catalyst and other auxiliaries uniformly according to the metering, discharging, sealing and storing;
(3) preparation of elastomer: the material pouring adopts machine pouring or manual pouring, the temperature of the component A is 20-90 ℃, the temperature of the component B is 20-70 ℃, the two components are fully and uniformly mixed, the mixture is injected into a normal-temperature or high-temperature mold, the mold is demolded, the mixture is cured for 16-24 hours at the temperature of 80-120 ℃, and the performance is tested after the mixture is placed for 7 days at room temperature.
The properties of the resulting material are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Properties of the high-Performance polyurethane damping Material of the present invention
| Test items | Material properties |
| hardness/Shore A | 50～90 |
| Tensile strength/MPa | 25～48 |
| Fracture ofElongation/percent | 350～600 |
| Maximum loss factor (tan delta) | ≥0.6 |
The high-performance polyurethane damping material disclosed by the invention can avoid the problems of material system viscosity increase caused by using damping filler or graft modification or introducing damping structure units and the like, material strength reduction, hardness increase, uneven damping performance and the like caused by uneven filler dispersion. The polyurethane elastomer has the advantages of a common polyurethane elastomer, namely, larger adjustable range of hardness, high strength, high elongation, better wear resistance and high damping performance which is not possessed by the common polyurethane elastomer. The damping vibration attenuation device can be applied to damping vibration attenuation occasions with higher requirements on the mechanical strength and the damping performance of materials.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
The molecular formula of the chain extender is as follows:
the types of chain extenders in the examples are illustrated below:
| examples | Chain extender classes | R | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 |
| Example 1 | Chain extender 1 | -(CH 2 ) 2 - | H | -CH 3 | H | H |
| Example 2 | Chain extender 1 | -(CH 2 ) 2 - | H | -CH 3 | H | H |
| Example 3 | Chain extender 1 | -(CH 2 ) 2 - | H | -CH 3 | H | H |
Example 1
(1) Preparation of component A: 400g of polycaprolactone diol with the number average molecular weight of 2000 is dehydrated for 2h at the temperature of 95-100 ℃ and the vacuum degree of-0.1 MPa, 160g of MDI is added, the reaction is carried out for 1.5h at the temperature of 70-80 ℃, and the mixture is subjected to vacuum defoaming and discharging for standby.
(2) Preparation of the component B: after melting 100g of the chain extender 1 at 80 ℃, 0.4g of a catalyst (a solution prepared using propylene glycol and having a triethylenediamine content of 33%) was uniformly mixed, and the mixture was kept in a liquid state.
(3) Preparation of elastomer: keeping the component A at 75-80 ℃, keeping the component B at 70-80 ℃, uniformly mixing the component A/component B according to the weight ratio of 100/19, defoaming, pouring into a mold at 120 ℃, demolding for 60min, vulcanizing for 20h at 100 ℃, standing for 7 days at room temperature, and measuring the performance. The properties of the resulting material are shown in Table 1.
Example 2
(1) Preparation of component A: 400g of polytetrahydrofuran diol with the number average molecular weight of 3000 is dehydrated for 2h at the temperature of 95-100 ℃ and the vacuum degree of-0.1 MPa, 10g of TDI is added, the reaction is carried out for 2h at the temperature of 80-90 ℃, and the mixture is subjected to vacuum defoaming and discharging for standby.
(2) Preparation of the component B: after melting 100g of chain extender 1 at 80 ℃, 0.6g of catalyst (T12) was mixed uniformly and kept in a liquid state.
(3) Preparation of elastomer: keeping the component A at 80-85 ℃, keeping the component B at 70-80 ℃, uniformly mixing the component A/component B according to the weight ratio of 100/5, defoaming, pouring into a mold at 100 ℃, demolding for 60min, vulcanizing for 20h at 100 ℃, standing for 7 days at room temperature, and measuring the performance. The properties of the resulting material are shown in Table 1.
Example 3
(1) Preparation of component A: 400g of polytetrahydrofuran diol with the number average molecular weight of 1000 is dehydrated for 2h at the temperature of 95-100 ℃ and the vacuum degree of-0.1 MPa, 112g of TDI is added, the reaction is carried out for 2h at the temperature of 80-90 ℃, and the product is discharged for standby after vacuum defoaming.
(2) Preparation of the component B: after melting 100g of chain extender 1 at 80 ℃, 0.6g of catalyst (T12) was mixed uniformly and kept in a liquid state.
(3) Preparation of elastomer: keeping the component A at 80-85 ℃, keeping the component B at 70-80 ℃, uniformly mixing and defoaming the component A/component B according to the weight ratio of 100/11.7, pouring into a mold at 120 ℃, demolding for 60min, vulcanizing for 20h at 100 ℃, standing for 7 days at room temperature, and measuring the performance. The properties of the resulting material are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
(1) Preparation of component A: 400g of polycaprolactone diol with the number average molecular weight of 2000 is dehydrated for 2h at the temperature of 95-100 ℃ and the vacuum degree of-0.1 MPa, 160g of MDI is added, the reaction is carried out for 1.5h at the temperature of 70-80 ℃, and the mixture is subjected to vacuum defoaming and discharging for standby.
(2) Preparation of the component B: after melting 100g of 1, 4-butanediol at 60 ℃ it was mixed homogeneously with 0.4g of catalyst (a solution of triethyldiamine in 33% strength in propylene glycol) and kept in the liquid state.
(3) Preparation of elastomer: keeping the component A at 75-80 ℃, keeping the component B at 40-50 ℃, uniformly mixing and defoaming the component A/component B according to the weight ratio of 100/6.6, pouring into a mold at 120 ℃, demolding for 60min, vulcanizing for 20h at 100 ℃, standing for 7 days at room temperature, and measuring the performance. The properties of the resulting material are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 properties of the materials obtained in the examples
| Experiment number | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 |
| hardness/Shore A | 61 | 52 | 58 | 87 |
| Tensile strength/MPa | 37 | 25 | 27 | 43 |
| Elongation at break/% | 530 | 560 | 585 | 530 |
| Maximum loss factor (tan delta) | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.75 | 0.4 |
Claims (12)
1. A high-performance polyurethane damping material is composed of a prepolymer or semi-prepolymer component A and a chain extender component B, and comprises the following components in parts by weight:
(1) component A
Macro polyol 100
10-200% of diisocyanate
(2) B component
0-100 parts of macromolecular polyol
Chain extender 5-50
0 to 2% of a catalyst
The A/B ratio is 100/5-200;
the chain extender is characterized by having the following structural formula:
wherein R is- (CH) 2 ) 2 -; r1, R2, R3 and R4 are H, alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl.
2. The high performance polyurethane damping material of claim 1, wherein the alkyl group is a branched alkyl group, and the aromatic group is a substituted aromatic group.
3. The high-performance polyurethane damping material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the macromolecular polyol is polyester diol, polyether diol or polycarbonate diol, the molecular weight is 400-8000, and the average functionality is 1.8-3.0.
4. The high-performance polyurethane damping material according to claim 3, wherein the polyester diol is a reaction product of small molecule dicarboxylic acid and small molecule diol, or a product obtained by reacting various lactones with diol.
5. The high-performance polyurethane damping material of claim 4, wherein the polyester diol is epsilon-polycaprolactone diol (PCL) prepared by reacting caprolactone with ethylene glycol or diethylene glycol.
6. The high performance polyurethane damping material of claim 3, said polyether glycol being polytetrahydrofuran glycol.
7. The high performance polyurethane damping material of claim 1, wherein the diisocyanate is an aromatic diisocyanate, an aliphatic diisocyanate or an alicyclic diisocyanate.
8. The high performance polyurethane damping material of claim 7, wherein said diisocyanate is Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), p-phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI), 1, 5-Naphthalene Diisocyanate (NDI), 3 '-dimethyl-4, 4' -biphenyl diisocyanate (TODI), hexamethylene diisocyanateEsters (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) or 4, 4' -dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H) 12 MDI）。
9. The high-performance polyurethane damping material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the catalyst is one or more of tertiary amine, organic bismuth or organic tin compounds.
10. The high-performance polyurethane damping material as claimed in claim 9, wherein the tertiary amine catalyst is triethylene diamine; the organic bismuth compound refers to bismuth isocaprylate, bismuth carboxylate or a combination thereof, and the organic tin compound is selected from one or more of stannous octoate (T-9), dibutyltin dioctoate or dibutyltin dilaurate (T-12).
11. The high performance polyurethane damping material of claim 1, wherein the high performance polyurethane damping material comprises a flame retardant, a mold release agent, a pigment, a hydrolytic stabilizer, an antioxidant, a plasticizer, an antistatic agent or a reinforcing agent.
12. A method for preparing the high-performance polyurethane damping material of any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparation of component A: after dewatering the macromolecular polyol, adding metered isocyanate, reacting for 1.5-4 h at 70-100 ℃, defoaming in vacuum, cooling and discharging after theoretical NCO% is reached, and sealing and storing;
(2) preparation of the component B: stirring the macromolecular polyol, the chain extender, the catalyst and other auxiliaries according to the measurement, uniformly mixing, discharging, sealing and storing;
(3) preparation of the elastomer: the material pouring adopts machine pouring or manual pouring, the temperature of the component A is 20-90 ℃, the temperature of the component B is 20-70 ℃, the two components are fully and uniformly mixed, injected into a normal-temperature or high-temperature mold, demoulded and cured for 16-24 hours at the temperature of 80-120 ℃.
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| CN114316198B (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2023-09-15 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所 | Vibration reduction polyurethane elastomer material for rail transit and preparation method thereof |
| CN114686154B (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2023-09-26 | 深圳镝普材料科技有限公司 | Heat-to-phase-change damping potting adhesive and preparation method thereof |
| CN114716646B (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2023-11-24 | 安徽国电电缆股份有限公司 | Anti-fatigue high-performance polyurethane elastomer and preparation process thereof |
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