CN110605447A - Precise electrolytic machining device and process method for large-distortion blade - Google Patents
Precise electrolytic machining device and process method for large-distortion blade Download PDFInfo
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- CN110605447A CN110605447A CN201910879923.1A CN201910879923A CN110605447A CN 110605447 A CN110605447 A CN 110605447A CN 201910879923 A CN201910879923 A CN 201910879923A CN 110605447 A CN110605447 A CN 110605447A
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for
- B23H11/003—Mounting of workpieces, e.g. working-tables
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/10—Supply or regeneration of working media
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Abstract
The invention relates to a precise electrolytic machining device and a process method for a large-distortion blade, which comprise a cathode positioning and clamping device, a workpiece quick-changing device and an electrolyte flow guide device. The method can ensure high precision of blade space positioning, can realize quick workpiece replacement by means of the quick-change reference element arranged on the totally-enclosed tool, can realize one-time clamping to complete the integral forming of the blade basin surface, the blade back surface and the air inlet and exhaust edges, and achieves the purpose of improving the blade electrolytic machining precision and the machining efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control electrolytic machining, in particular to a precise electrolytic machining device and a precise electrolytic machining process method for a large-distortion blade.
Background
The electrochemical machining is based on the principle that the anode of a workpiece dissolves and removes materials, has the advantages of no loss of a tool cathode, good machining surface quality, no residual stress, no limitation of material hardness, capability of machining all conductive materials and the like, can obtain better surface quality and machining precision by the electrochemical machining technology under the condition of ensuring reasonable process rules, and has unique advantages particularly on machining materials difficult to machine, so that the electrochemical machining technology has wide application in manufacturing aviation and aerospace engine blades.
As a core component of an aircraft, an aircraft engine component is being developed toward weight reduction and integration. The blade is complex in structure, high in machining precision requirement, thin and twisted in profile, and made of materials difficult to machine, so that the manufacturing difficulty is high. The electrolytic machining technology embodies unique advantages, and researches on improving the electrolytic machining precision and the electrolytic machining efficiency of the blades are constantly devoted at home and abroad.
In the practice of electrolytic machining production of blades, a machining method of double-sided feeding of a blade basin cathode and a blade back cathode is mainly adopted at present, and the machining method is mainly characterized in that a workpiece is fixed on a clamp in a stationary mode, the blade basin cathode and the blade back cathode are fed and machined at different angles according to the profile characteristics of the blades, but the feeding mode can cause uneven stress on a feeding shaft, the service life of the feeding shaft is shortened, the electrolytic machining precision of the blades is influenced, meanwhile, a special feeding shaft needs to be designed for one blade, and the machining mode is not universal. Therefore, a blade electrolytic machining method which can complete one-step forming of the blade basin surface, the blade back surface, the air inlet edge and the air outlet edge only by coaxially and oppositely feeding the blade basin cathode and the blade back cathode through optimizing the space pose of the workpiece needs to be researched. In addition, the processing flexibility of the process method is better, the cathode can be withdrawn outside the processing area periodically, and the process method is beneficial to the periodic inspection of the cathode and the periodic cleaning of the clamp.
Traditional blade electrolysis anchor clamps are usually with the work piece blank fixed in the anchor clamps main part, and a blade processing is accomplished the back, need pull down the work piece and adorn new blank, and whole process is consuming time and is used up power, and machining efficiency is lower, consequently need study a split type anode clamp independent of anchor clamps main part, realize changing fast of work piece and adorn in order to improve the blade and change dress efficiency under the prerequisite of guaranteeing blank repeated positioning accuracy.
In the past blade electrolytic machining, the electrolyte usually adopts the feed liquor mode of the lateral flow formula, the electrolyte is divided into two strands from advancing (exhausting) limit and flows through the leaf basin and the processing area of blade back respectively, then flow out from arranging (advancing) its limit, leaf basin and blade back profile shaping effect is better, but to the big distortion blade, this kind of feed liquor mode advances, exhaust limit department can lead to the electrolyte velocity of flow sudden change, the flow field is relatively poor, lead to the blade advance, exhaust limit shaping difficulty, therefore need study a new anchor clamps runner structure in order to guarantee that the flow field is stable in the course of working, improve blade electrolytic machining precision and machining efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an electrochemical machining device and a process method for a large-distortion blade of an aero-engine blade, which are researched, wherein the blade profile is thin and distorted, the material is high-temperature alloy and is a typical difficult-to-machine material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a precise electrolytic machining device for large-distortion blades comprises a cathode positioning and clamping device, a workpiece quick-changing device and an electrolyte flow guide device; the cathode positioning and clamping device is horizontally and symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the device, the electrolyte guiding device comprises a clamp base, a leaf basin cathode and a leaf back cathode, the leaf basin cathode and the leaf back cathode are connected with the cathode positioning and clamping device, and the clamp base and the workpiece quick-change device are positioned in the center of the device;
the cathode positioning and clamping device comprises an adapter plate, a cathode rod and a cathode connecting block which are sequentially connected, wherein the adapter plate is arranged on the outer side of the cathode rod, the cathode connecting block is arranged on the inner side of the cathode rod, and the inner end of the cathode connecting block is connected with a cathode; the cathode positioning and clamping device is arranged in a left-right symmetrical mode, and the inner ends of the cathode connecting blocks at the left part and the right part are respectively connected with a blade back cathode and a blade basin cathode;
the workpiece quick-change device comprises a metal plate, a blank positioning block, a quick-change reference part, a blank positioning block connecting plate and a guide rod; the quick-change datum parts are horizontally symmetrical, bases of the quick-change datum parts are rigidly connected with a metal plate, the blank positioning block is connected with a blank positioning block connecting plate, a fixture head of a workpiece quick-change fixture is mounted on the blank positioning block, the fixture head is matched with the base of the quick-change datum part on the metal plate, and a guide rod connected with the metal plate is arranged on the blank positioning block connecting plate;
the clamp base of the electrolyte flow guide device is positioned on the same plane and is provided with three cylindrical channels; the two cylindrical channels are coaxial and are respectively a cathode channel for placing a cathode of the leaf basin and a cathode channel for placing a cathode of the leaf back, and the other cylindrical channel is perpendicular to the two cathode channels, is positioned between the two cathode channels and is an anode clamp channel.
Furthermore, a composite type flow guide section formed by combining a metal section and an insulating section is arranged on the leaf basin cathode and the leaf back cathode.
Furthermore, the upper end face and the lower end face of the cathode rod are provided with limiting blocks.
Furthermore, the clearance between the blank locating block and the metal plate is 0.25mm, and the blank locating block and the metal plate are sealed through a sealing ring.
Furthermore, a back pressure valve is arranged at a liquid outlet of the clamp of the electrolyte guiding device.
Furthermore, the tail ends of the flow guide sections of the leaf basin cathode and the leaf back cathode are arranged to be horn mouths.
Furthermore, the fixture base is made of an insulating material, and three cylindrical channels of the fixture base are all subjected to electrolyte sealing treatment through O-shaped sealing rings.
The spatial pose of the workpiece blank to be machined is optimized by the following method:
solving the optimal deflection angle of the workpiece based on the particle swarm algorithm, and optimizing the space pose of the workpiece blank to ensure that the leaf basin cathode and the leaf back cathode can reach the optimized feeding angle only by opposite linear feeding, wherein the particle swarm algorithm for solving the optimal angle is as follows:
VectorVt+1＝c0·VectorVt+c1·r1·(VectorP-Post)+c2·r2·(VectorG-Post)
Post+1＝Post+VectorVt+1
in the formula, the particles represent random direction vectors participating in calculation, VectorV is the moving speed of the random vectors, Pos is the position of the vectors, VectorP is the optimal placing angle found in a single vector, VectorG is the optimal placing angle found in all vectors, and c0Representing the trend that the vector keeps the original speed for the inertia weight; c. C1、c2Respectively representing the movement trend of the vector to the self optimal solution and the global optimal solution as a learning factor; r is1、r2Is a random number in the range of 0-1;
and solving an optimal angle:
(a) the number of particles a, the number of iterations t, c are set0、c1And c2And generating a random vectors;
(b) selecting N sampling points on the blade back cathode and the blade basin cathode profiles, and solving the included angle theta between the normal of each sampling point on the blade profile and all direction vectors1～θN；
(c) Updating the speed and the position according to a particle swarm algorithm;
(d) repeating the processes (b) and (c) until the iteration times or the limiting conditions are met;
setting included angles of all sampling points in the normal direction of the blade profile and the feeding direction, setting a limit value as an algorithm limiting condition, wherein the limit value is less than 45 degrees as far as possible and is not more than 50 degrees at most, and obtaining a cone-like area according to a particle swarm algorithm; solving a certain direction vector in the cone-like region, wherein the variance sum of the vector and the normal included angle of the sampling points of the profile of the leaf basin cathode and the leaf back cathode is minimum; and obtaining the optimal space placing pose of the workpiece by applying the particle swarm algorithm twice.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the structure design of a totally-enclosed electrolytic machining tool clamp and an integrated cathode, and combines the composite type flow guide section formed by combining the metal section and the insulating section arranged on the blade basin cathode and the blade back cathode, so that the flow field in the machining process is stable, the blank allowance can be allowed to change in a larger size range, and the stray corrosion in the machining process can be reduced to the maximum extent.
The invention can realize the quick replacement of the workpiece by the quick-replacement reference element arranged on the totally-enclosed tool, and can realize the integrated formation of the blade basin surface, the blade back surface, the air inlet edge and the air outlet edge by one-time clamping, thereby improving the electrolytic machining precision and the machining efficiency of the blade.
According to the invention, by optimizing the space pose of the workpiece blank, the optimized feeding angle can be achieved by only feeding the leaf basin cathode and the leaf back cathode in opposite straight lines, so that the electrolytic forming precision is improved, and the feed shaft structure of a machine tool is simplified.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates the principle of electrochemical machining of a blade.
FIG. 2 shows a precision electrolytic machining fixture for a large twisted blade.
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional model of a tooling fixture.
FIG. 4 shows the working principle of precision electrolytic machining of a large twisted blade.
In the figure: 1. a clamp base plate; 2. a base; 3. an adapter plate; 4. a cathode rod; 5. a connecting rod sealing cover; 6. a metal plate; 7. a cathode sealing plate; 8. a leaf back cathode; 9. a liquid outlet end cover; 10. a flow guide section on the base; 11. a blank positioning block; 12. a leaf basin cathode; 13. a cathode connecting block; 14. a workpiece blank; 15. a base lower flow guide section; 16. a clamp liquid outlet; 17. quickly replacing the reference part; 18. a connecting plate of a blank positioning block; 19. a guide bar; 20. an insulating flow guide section; 21. a metal flow guide section; 22. a bell mouth.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
A precise electrolytic machining device for large-distortion blades comprises a cathode positioning and clamping device, a workpiece quick-changing device and an electrolyte flow guide device; the cathode positioning and clamping device is horizontally and symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the device, the electrolyte guiding device comprises a clamp base 2, a leaf basin cathode 12 and a leaf back cathode 8, the leaf basin cathode 12 and the leaf back cathode 8 are connected with the cathode positioning and clamping device, and the clamp base 2 and the workpiece quick-change device are positioned in the center of the device;
the cathode positioning and clamping device comprises an adapter plate 3, a cathode rod 4 and a cathode connecting block 13 which are sequentially connected, wherein the adapter plate 3 is arranged on the outer side of the cathode rod 4, the cathode connecting block 13 is arranged on the inner side of the cathode rod 4, and the inner end of the cathode connecting block 13 is connected with a cathode; the cathode positioning and clamping device is arranged in a left-right symmetrical mode, and the inner ends of the cathode connecting blocks 13 at the left part and the right part are respectively connected with the blade back cathode 8 and the blade basin cathode 12;
the workpiece quick-change device comprises a metal plate 6, a blank positioning block 11, a quick-change reference part 14, a blank positioning block connecting plate 18 and a guide rod 19; the quick-change datum parts 17 are horizontally symmetrical, bases of the quick-change datum parts 17 are rigidly connected with the metal plate 6, the blank positioning block 11 is connected with a blank positioning block connecting plate 18, a clamp head of a workpiece quick-change clamp is mounted on the blank positioning block 11, the clamp head is matched with the base of the quick-change datum part 17 on the metal plate 6, and a guide rod 16 connected with the metal plate 6 is arranged on the blank positioning block connecting plate 18;
the clamp base 2 of the electrolyte guiding device is positioned on the same plane and is provided with three cylindrical channels; the two cylindrical channels are coaxial and are respectively a cathode channel for placing the leaf basin cathode 12 and a cathode channel for placing the leaf back cathode 8, and the other cylindrical channel is perpendicular to the two cathode channels, is positioned between the two cathode channels and is an anode clamp channel.
FIG. 1 shows the blade forming principle of precision electrochemical machining of a large twisted blade. The cathode 12 of the leaf basin and the cathode 8 of the leaf back which are used for electrolytic machining are integrally designed, the cathode 12 of the leaf basin and the cathode 8 of the leaf back are provided with a composite type flow guide section which is formed by combining a metal section and an insulating section, the arrangement of the metal flow guide section 21 can allow the blank allowance to be changed within a larger size range, and the arrangement of the insulating flow guide section can reduce stray corrosion in the machining process to the maximum extent. The end of the guide section of the leaf basin cathode and the leaf back cathode is provided with a bell mouth 22, the width d of the bell mouth 22 is designed according to the allowance of a blank, and simultaneously, when the leaf basin cathode 12 and the leaf back cathode 8 are positioned at the initial processing position, the width d of the bell mouth 22 is not more than the section width of the guide section of the base.
The leaf basin cathode 12 and the leaf back cathode 8 are respectively and rigidly connected with the two feeding shafts, the workpiece blank 10 is arranged in an independent anode clamp, the optimal deflection angle of the workpiece is solved based on a particle swarm algorithm, and the optimal feeding angle can be achieved by only feeding the leaf basin cathode 12 and the leaf back cathode 8 in a straight line in opposite directions by optimizing the space pose of the workpiece blank 14, so that the electrolytic forming precision is improved, and the structure of the feeding shaft of the machine tool is simplified.
Solving a particle swarm algorithm for the optimal deflection angle of the workpiece:
VectorVt+1＝c0·VectorVt+c1·r1·(VectorP-Post)+c2·r2·(VectorG-Post)
Post+1＝Post+VectorVt+1
in the formula, the particles represent random direction vectors participating in calculation, VectorV is the moving speed of the random vectors, Pos is the position of the vectors, VectorP is the optimal placing angle found in a single vector, VectorG is the optimal placing angle found in all vectors, and c0The characterization vector maintains the trend of the original velocity for inertial weight. c. C1、c2For learningAnd the factors respectively represent the movement trend of the vector to the self optimal solution and the global optimal solution. r is1、r2Is a random number in the range of 0 to 1.
And solving an optimal angle:
(a) the number of particles a, the number of iterations t, c are set0、c1And c2And generating a random vectors;
(b) selecting N sampling points from the blade back and the blade basin profile, and solving the included angle theta between the normal of each sampling point on the blade profile and all direction vectors1～θN；
(c) Updating the speed and the position according to a particle swarm algorithm;
repeating the processes (b) and (c) until the iteration times or the limiting conditions are met;
setting a limit value as an algorithm limiting condition for included angles of all sampling points between the normal direction of the blade profile and the feeding direction, wherein the limit value is less than 45 degrees as much as possible and not more than 50 degrees at most, and obtaining a cone-like area according to a particle swarm algorithm. And solving a certain direction vector in the cone-like area, wherein the variance sum of the vector and the normal included angles of the sampling points of the leaf basin and the leaf back profile is minimum. The optimal deflection angle theta of the workpiece is obtained by applying the particle swarm optimization twice, as shown in figure 1, so as to achieve the optimal spatial pose of the workpiece blank 10.
When the cathode 12 of the leaf basin and the cathode 8 of the leaf back reach the designated initial processing position, the machine tool starts to feed liquid, the electrolyte is divided into two parts from the air inlet side flow guide section and flows through the processing areas of the leaf basin and the leaf back respectively, and then flows out from the air outlet side flow guide section. According to the principle of electrolytic machining forming, the metal of the machined surface of the workpiece is dissolved at a high speed according to the shape of the cathode, and finally the machining of the leaf basin, the leaf back, the air inlet edge and the air outlet edge is finished.
Fig. 2 shows a tooling fixture designed for the electrolytic machining of a large-distortion blade, wherein the whole device is fixed on a machine tool by a fixture bottom plate, and the fixture adopts a fully-closed design, so that the leakage of electrolyte in the machining process can be effectively prevented. The fixture base 2 is provided with three cylindrical channels which are positioned on the same plane, two coaxial channels are cathode channels for placing the leaf basin cathode 12 and the leaf back cathode 8, and the other coaxial channel is a channel which is perpendicular to the cathode channels and is used for placing the anode fixture. The clamp base 2 is made of insulating materials, and stray corrosion in the machining process can be effectively reduced. The electrolytic machining clamp for the blades mainly comprises a cathode positioning and clamping device, a workpiece quick-changing device and an electrolyte flow guide device, and is characterized in that:
cathode location clamping device mainly comprises keysets 3, negative pole 4 and negative pole connecting block 13, and negative pole 4 is fixed a position through two pins, and four screw fastenings link to each other with keysets 3, are connected through negative pole connecting block 13 between negative pole and the negative pole 4, and 4 terminal surfaces of negative pole are equipped with two stoppers simultaneously, can realize quick location through the stopper after the negative pole is dismantled, need not the secondary alignment.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the workpiece quick-change device mainly comprises a metal plate 6, a blank positioning block 11, a quick-change reference part 17, a blank positioning block connecting plate 18 and a guide rod 19, wherein the blank is positioned and clamped by using an independent anode clamp, and two quick-change reference elements are horizontally and symmetrically arranged on the blank positioning block connecting plate 18, so that the workpiece quick change can be realized under the condition of ensuring higher repeated positioning accuracy, the blade change efficiency is greatly improved, and the change automation is favorably improved.
The electrolyte guiding device mainly comprises a base 2, a leaf basin cathode 12 and a leaf back cathode 8, electrolyte enters a processing area from a base lower guiding section 15 and a cathode air inlet edge guiding section and then flows out from a cathode exhaust edge guiding section and a cathode base upper guiding section 10, a back pressure valve is arranged at a clamp liquid outlet 16, the electrolyte can be prevented from smoothly flowing out by certain back pressure, the processing area is full of the electrolyte, and the electrolyte guiding device enables a flow field in the processing process to be stable.
FIG. 3 shows the working principle of the electrolytic machining of the large twisted blade. The fixture mainly comprises three steps, wherein the workpiece blank 10 is clamped and positioned, the fixture adopts an independent anode fixture, the workpiece blank 10 is arranged on a blank positioning block 11, and then the blank positioning block 11 is positioned and clamped through two quick-change reference elements on the anode fixture. And secondly, clamping and positioning the leaf basin cathode 12 and the leaf back cathode 8, taking the leaf basin cathode 12 as an example, and connecting the leaf basin cathode 12 with the cathode connecting block 13, the cathode rod 4 and the adapter plate 3 in sequence. The cathode rod 4 is provided with an O-shaped sealing ring which is tightly matched with the cylindrical cavity of the base 2 along the cathode feeding direction so as to prevent the leakage of electrolyte in the processing process. After the workpiece blank 10 and the cathode are installed, electrolyte is introduced from a liquid inlet at the lower part of the base 2, the electrolyte is divided into two parts from the air inlet side flow guide section, and the two parts respectively flow through the blade basin and the blade back processing area and then flow out from the air exhaust side flow guide section. The non-processing areas are selectively insulated by epoxy resin, stray corrosion in the processing process is avoided, and the electrolytic processing locality of the blade is improved. Finally, in normal processing, the metal plate 6 is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, the adapter plate 3 is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and the blade basin cathode 12 and the blade back cathode 8 are fed simultaneously to finish the one-step forming of the blade basin, the blade back, the air inlet edge and the air outlet edge.
The invention adopts the structure design of a totally-enclosed electrolytic machining tool clamp and an integrated cathode, and combines a composite type flow guide section formed by combining a metal section and an insulating section arranged on the blade basin cathode 12 and the blade back cathode 8, so that the flow field in the machining process is stable, the blank allowance can be allowed to change in a larger size range, and meanwhile, the stray corrosion in the machining process can be reduced to the maximum extent. The blade basin cathode 12 and the blade back cathode 8 are respectively and rigidly connected with the two feed shafts, and except for a processing surface, the cathodes adopt a full-wrapping type insulation strategy, so that the electrolytic processing locality of the blades is improved.
According to the invention, by optimizing the space pose of the workpiece blank 10, the optimized feeding angle can be achieved by only feeding the leaf basin cathode 12 and the leaf back cathode 8 in a straight line in opposite directions, so that the electrolytic forming precision is improved, and the structure of a machine tool feeding shaft is simplified. In the machining process, the workpieces and the machine tool feed shaft are stressed uniformly, the service life of the machine tool is prolonged, and only one set of corresponding tool needs to be replaced for machining aiming at different workpieces, so that the interchangeability is stronger, the universality is higher, and the machine tool is suitable for batch production of machine tools.
The quick-change reference element arranged on the totally-enclosed tool can realize quick replacement of the workpiece, greatly improve the blade replacement efficiency and facilitate the improvement of replacement automation. And the blade basin surface, the blade back, the air inlet edge and the air outlet edge can be integrally formed by one-time clamping, so that the electrolytic machining precision and the machining efficiency of the blade are improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention in any way, and any person skilled in the art can make any simple modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement on the above embodiment without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a big accurate electrolytic machining device of distortion blade which characterized in that: the device comprises a cathode positioning and clamping device, a workpiece quick-changing device and an electrolyte flow guide device; the cathode positioning and clamping device is horizontally and symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the device, the electrolyte guiding device comprises a clamp base, a leaf basin cathode and a leaf back cathode, the leaf basin cathode and the leaf back cathode are connected with the cathode positioning and clamping device, and the clamp base and the workpiece quick-change device are positioned in the center of the device;
the cathode positioning and clamping device comprises an adapter plate, a cathode rod and a cathode connecting block which are sequentially connected, wherein the adapter plate is arranged on the outer side of the cathode rod, the cathode connecting block is arranged on the inner side of the cathode rod, and the inner end of the cathode connecting block is connected with a cathode; the cathode positioning and clamping device is arranged in a left-right symmetrical mode, and the inner ends of the cathode connecting blocks at the left part and the right part are respectively connected with a blade back cathode and a blade basin cathode;
the workpiece quick-change device comprises a metal plate, a blank positioning block, a quick-change reference part, a blank positioning block connecting plate and a guide rod; the quick-change datum parts are horizontally symmetrical, bases of the quick-change datum parts are rigidly connected with a metal plate, the blank positioning block is connected with a blank positioning block connecting plate, a fixture head of a workpiece quick-change fixture is mounted on the blank positioning block, the fixture head is matched with the base of the quick-change datum part on the metal plate, and a guide rod connected with the metal plate is arranged on the blank positioning block connecting plate;
the clamp base of the electrolyte flow guide device is positioned on the same plane and is provided with three cylindrical channels; the two cylindrical channels are coaxial and are respectively a cathode channel for placing a cathode of the leaf basin and a cathode channel for placing a cathode of the leaf back, and the other cylindrical channel is perpendicular to the two cathode channels, is positioned between the two cathode channels and is an anode clamp channel.
2. The large-twist blade precision electrolytic processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the leaf basin cathode and the leaf back cathode are provided with composite type flow guide sections combined by a metal section and an insulating section.
3. The large-twist blade precision electrolytic processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the cathode rod are provided with limit blocks.
4. The large-twist blade precision electrolytic processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the clearance between blank locating piece and the metal sheet is 0.25mm, seals through the sealing washer.
5. The large-twist blade precision electrolytic processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a back pressure valve is arranged at a liquid outlet of the clamp of the electrolyte flow guiding device.
6. The large-twist blade precision electrolytic processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the tail ends of the flow guide sections of the leaf basin cathode and the leaf back cathode are arranged into bell mouths.
7. The large-twist blade precision electrolytic processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fixture base is made of insulating materials, and three cylindrical channels of the fixture base are all subjected to electrolyte sealing treatment through O-shaped sealing rings.
8. The large-twist blade precision electrolytic processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the spatial pose of the workpiece blank to be machined is optimized by the following method:
solving the optimal deflection angle of the workpiece based on the particle swarm algorithm, and optimizing the space pose of the workpiece blank to ensure that the leaf basin cathode and the leaf back cathode can reach the optimized feeding angle only by opposite linear feeding, wherein the particle swarm algorithm for solving the optimal angle is as follows:
VectorVt+1＝c0·VectorVt+c1·r1·(VectorP-Post)+c2·r2·(VectorG-Post)
Post+1＝Post+VectorVt+1
in the formula, the particles represent random direction vectors participating in calculation, VectorV is the moving speed of the random vectors, Pos is the position of the vectors, VectorP is the optimal placing angle found in a single vector, VectorG is the optimal placing angle found in all vectors, and c0Representing the trend that the vector keeps the original speed for the inertia weight; c. C1、c2Respectively representing the movement trend of the vector to the self optimal solution and the global optimal solution as a learning factor; r is1、r2Is a random number in the range of 0-1;
and solving an optimal angle:
(a) the number of particles a, the number of iterations t, c are set0、c1And c2And generating a random vectors;
(b) selecting N sampling points on the blade back cathode and the blade basin cathode profiles, and solving the included angle theta between the normal of each sampling point on the blade profile and all direction vectors1～θN；
(c) Updating the speed and the position according to a particle swarm algorithm;
(d) repeating the processes (b) and (c) until the iteration times or the limiting conditions are met;
setting included angles of all sampling points in the normal direction of the blade profile and the feeding direction, setting a limit value as an algorithm limiting condition, wherein the limit value is less than 45 degrees as far as possible and is not more than 50 degrees at most, and obtaining a cone-like area according to a particle swarm algorithm; solving a certain direction vector in the cone-like region, wherein the variance sum of the vector and the normal included angle of the sampling points of the profile of the leaf basin cathode and the leaf back cathode is minimum; and obtaining the optimal space placing pose of the workpiece by applying the particle swarm algorithm twice.
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