CN110842307B - An Electrochemical Machining Tool for Poor Accessibility and Complex Inner Wall Structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an electrochemical machining tool for machining and forming a complex inner wall with poor accessibility, and belongs to the field of electrochemical machining. Comprises a cathode mechanism, a deformation mechanism and a connecting mechanism; the cathode mechanism comprises a cathode body, and electrolyte outlets are uniformly distributed on the working surface of the cathode body; the deformation mechanism comprises a deformation rod and a hose with two sealed ends, the deformation rod is coaxially arranged in the sealed hose, and the deformation rod is made of shape memory alloy; one end of the hose is communicated with the cathode body and the electrolyte pipeline, and the other end of the hose is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe and the first connecting rod; the processing operation is divided into three stages: 1. introducing high-temperature electrolyte into the deformation mechanism, and enabling the deformation rod to be in a stretched state and enter an inner cavity of a processed workpiece; 2. introducing normal-temperature electrolyte, enabling the deformation rod to be in a bending state, and enabling the cathode body to reach an area to be processed for processing; 3. and introducing high-temperature electrolyte, straightening the deformed rod and withdrawing the deformed rod out of the processing area. The invention is suitable for processing the workpiece with the complex inner wall with poor accessibility, and has simple and effective deformation control and high processing efficiency.

Description

An Electrochemical Machining Tool for Poor Accessibility and Complex Inner Wall Structure

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrolytic machining, and in particular relates to an electrolytic machining tool aiming at poor accessibility and complex inner wall structure.

Background technique

Electrolytic machining is a modern machining method that uses the principle of electrochemical anodic dissolution of metals in electrolytes to process workpieces. It is non-contact machining. This method has the advantages of wide processing range, high processing efficiency, good processing surface quality, no tool loss, no mechanical cutting force, one-time forming and obtaining complex geometric shapes. Processing methods for special effects.

With the development of the manufacturing industry in the 21st century, the mechanical field has higher requirements for the material and structure of the workpiece. A large number of high-hardness and high-strength difficult-to-machine metal materials have begun to be used, and more and more products are used with excellent performance. complex structure. Improvements in materials and structures have improved the performance of products, but at the same time have brought great challenges to the machinery manufacturing industry. First of all, the difficult machining of the material poses a great challenge to the traditional machining methods. Due to the high hardness of the material, ordinary tools cannot be machined, while the electrolytic machining has the advantages of being unaffected by the hardness of the material, the surface quality of the workpiece is good, and there is no cutting. It is especially suitable for the processing of difficult-to-machine materials.

Secondly, for some complex parts (such as integral components widely used in the aerospace field), the internal structure is intricate, the channel is narrow and twisted, the accessibility of the tool is poor, and the workpiece material is difficult to cut. The existing processing methods for complex inner walls with poor accessibility mainly include: EDM, multi-axis simultaneous machining, and additive manufacturing technology. EDM can process complex walls with poor accessibility, but there are shortcomings such as long EDM time, low efficiency, difficult electrode manufacturing and difficult control of machining accuracy; multi-axis simultaneous machining has high machining accuracy and shortens the production process chain. , the characteristics of simplifying production management, but the multi-axis simultaneous machining CNC programming is abstract, the operation is difficult, the tool radius compensation is difficult, the machine tool structure is complex and the cost is high, and there are still shortcomings of insufficient processing accessibility; additive manufacturing technology can produce arbitrarily complex shapes However, the surface quality of the workpiece processed by this technology is poor and the accuracy is low. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new complex inner wall processing device for poor accessibility.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to realize that the cathode of the electrolytic machining tool can be processed at the position of the complex inner wall with poor accessibility, the present invention provides an electrolytic machining tool aiming at the complex inner wall structure with poor accessibility.

An electrolytic machining tool for a complex inner wall structure with poor accessibility includes a cathode mechanism 4, a deformation mechanism 3 and a connection mechanism 2;

The cathode mechanism 4 includes a cathode body 43 having a hollow cavity, and electrolyte outlets 42 are evenly distributed on the working surface 42 of the cathode body 43;

The deformation mechanism 3 includes a deformation rod 31 and a hose 32 sealed at both ends, the deformation rod 31 is coaxially fixed in the sealing hose 32, and the material of the deformation rod 31 is a shape memory alloy; one end of the hose 32 and the cathode body 43 are communicated through more than two communication pipes; the other end of the hose 32 is communicated with more than two liquid inlet pipes 37;

In the preparation stage, the high-temperature electrolyte is passed into the hose 32 of the deformation mechanism, and the deformation rod 31 is in a high-temperature phase-stretched state, so that the electrolytic machining tool enters the inner cavity of the workpiece;

In the processing stage, the normal temperature electrolyte is introduced into the hose 32 of the deformation mechanism, the electrolyte is introduced into the cathode body 43 through the hose 32, the deformation rod 31 is in a low temperature phase bending state, and the cathode body 43 reaches the area to be processed. Processing gaps for processing;

After the processing is completed, a high-temperature electrolyte is passed into the hose 32 of the deformation mechanism, and the deformation rod 31 exits the processing area in a straight state.

Further limited technical solutions are as follows:

The working surface 42 of the cathode body 43 is evenly provided with a plurality of horizontal slit-shaped electrolyte outlets 42 .

The slit width of the electrolyte outlet 42 is 1-2 mm, and the slit length is 10-12 mm.

The cathode body 43 is a hollow cube, one side is a working surface 42, and the shape of the working surface 42 is consistent with the shape of the surface to be processed; the opposite side is connected with more than two communication pipes.

One end of the hose 32 is provided with an upper end cap 33, and the other end of the hose 32 is provided with a lower end cap 34, so that the hose 32 forms a hose with both ends sealed; Adjacent to the cathode body 43 , the outer middle of the upper end cover 33 is connected to one end of the first connecting rod 21 .

The beneficial technical effect of the present invention is embodied in the following aspects:

1. The electrolytic machining tool of the present invention can reach the complex inner wall area that is difficult to reach by conventional machining tools for machining, which greatly improves the machining accessibility of the machining tool. The electrolytic machining tool of the invention adopts the shape memory alloy with double-pass memory effect as the deformation rod, and the deformation is controlled by temperature, so that the tool cathode can reach the complex inner wall area with poor accessibility to complete the electrolytic machining forming.

2. The control of the electrolytic machining tool of the present invention is simple, fast and effective. The electrolytic machining tool of the present invention is deformed by the temperature change of the deforming rod. In the present invention, the temperature of the deforming rod can be changed by controlling the temperature of the electrolyte. When the temperature of the deforming rod is changed, the deformation occurs at different temperature phases. processing, so that the control is simple, fast and effective.

3. The electrolytic machining tool of the present invention has high processing efficiency and good surface forming rules for the processing of complex inner walls with poor accessibility. On the one hand, the present invention is an electrolytic machining tool. Since the electrolytic machining technology itself has the characteristics of high efficiency and one-time forming, the electrolytic machining tool of the present invention has high processing efficiency. On the other hand, the tool cathode of the electrolytic machining tool of the present invention is a formed cathode with a hollow thin-walled structure, the front end surface of the tool cathode is designed according to the complex profile of the machining wall surface, and a series of slit electrolyte outlets on the front end surface can The complex shape of the front end face of the tool cathode is "replicated" to the workpiece, so that the present invention has a good surface forming law.

4. Compared with the existing processing methods for complex walls with poor accessibility, the present invention has the advantages of simple device structure and wide processing range, and can process almost all conductive materials, and is not limited by the strength and hardness of the materials, and has no mechanical The advantages of cutting force and good surface quality.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a use state diagram of the present invention for machining an annular groove.

FIG. 4 is a processing flow chart of the present invention for processing an annular groove.

Fig. 5 is a use state diagram of the present invention for processing a blind hole of a variable-section pipe.

FIG. 6 is a processing flow chart of the present invention for processing a blind hole of a variable-section pipeline.

Description of the serial numbers in the above figure: feeding mechanism 1, connecting mechanism 2, first connecting rod 21, second connecting pipe 22, deformation mechanism 3, deformation rod 31, hose 32, upper end cap 33, lower end cap 34, throat hoop 35 , the liquid inlet pipe 37, the pipe joint 38, the cathode mechanism 4, the working surface 41, the electrolyte outlet 42, the cathode body 43, the workpiece 5, and the electrolyte temperature control device 6.

specific implementation

The present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

Referring to FIG. 3 , an electrolytic machining tool for a complex inner wall structure with poor accessibility includes a cathode mechanism 4 , a deformation mechanism 3 and a connection mechanism 2 .

1 and 2, the cathode mechanism 4 includes a cathode body 43 with a hollow cavity, the cathode body 43 is a hollow cube, one side is a working surface 41, and the shape of the working surface 41 is consistent with the shape of the surface to be processed of the workpiece . The working surface 41 of the cathode body 43 is evenly provided with a plurality of horizontal slit-shaped electrolyte outlets 42 . The slit width of the electrolyte outlet 42 is 1 mm, and the slit length is 10 mm.

Referring to FIG. 2 , the deformation mechanism 3 includes a deformation rod 31 and a hose 32 sealed at both ends. The deformation rod 31 is coaxially and fixedly installed in the sealing hose 32 , and the material of the deformation rod 31 is a shape memory alloy. One end of the hose 32 is fixedly mounted with an upper end cover 33 , and the other end of the hose 32 is fixedly mounted with a lower end cover 34 , so that the hose 32 forms a hose with both ends sealed. The outer middle portion of the lower end cover 34 is fixedly connected to the cathode body 43 through the second connecting rod 22 , and the outer middle portion of the upper end cover 33 is connected to one end of the first connecting rod 21 . The upper end cover of the hose 32 is communicated with four liquid inlet pipes 37 through the pipe joint 38, and the lower end cover 34 of the hose and the cathode body 43 are communicated through four communication pipes.

Referring to FIG. 3 , the workpiece to be processed is a clamp wall tube (engine case), and the concave ring grooves on the inner surface of the clamp wall (engine case) are electrolytically machined using the electrolytic machining tool of the present invention.

Referring to Figure 4, the specific processing steps are as follows:

Step 1, the electrolytic machining tool of the present invention is fixedly connected to the lower end of the first connecting rod 21 through the thread in the middle of the upper end cover 32, the upper end of the first connecting rod 21 is connected to the main shaft of the feeding system 1, and the first connecting rod 21 is connected to the electrolytic machine through a power clip. Process the negative pole of the power supply.

In step 2, the workpiece 5 is installed on the worktable, and the workpiece 5 is connected to the positive electrode of the electrolytic machining power supply.

In step 3, the electrolyte with a temperature of 70 ° C is introduced, the deformation mechanism 3 is in a straight state, and the feeding system 1 makes a feeding motion to drive the electrolytic machining tool to enter the complex inner wall area of the workpiece 5 with poor accessibility; ℃ normal temperature electrolyte, the deformation mechanism 3 is in a bent state, the tool cathode 4 reaches the initial processing position, and the processing gap is adjusted.

Step 4: Continuously supply the normal temperature electrolyte with a temperature of 25°C, turn on the electrolytic machining power supply, and the electrolytic machining tool is driven by the feeding system 1 to perform a feeding motion to perform electrolytic machining.

Step 5: When the machining of the concave ring groove is completed, disconnect the electrolytic machining power supply, and pass in a high-temperature electrolyte with a temperature of 70 ° C. The deformation mechanism 3 is in a high-temperature phase-stretching state. liquid, to complete the one-time forming process of the complex inner wall with poor accessibility.

Example 2

Referring to FIG. 5 , the workpiece 5 is a variable-section pipe, and a blind hole is processed on the inner wall of the variable-section pipe by using the electrolytic machining tool of the present invention.

Referring to Figure 6, the specific operation steps are as follows:

Step 1, the electrolytic machining tool of the present invention is fixedly connected to the lower end of the first connecting rod 21 through the thread in the middle of the upper end cover 32, the upper end of the first connecting rod 21 is connected to the main shaft of the feeding system 1, and the first connecting rod 21 is connected to the electrolytic machine through a power clip. Process the negative pole of the power supply.

In step 2, the workpiece 5 is installed on the worktable, and the workpiece 5 is connected to the positive electrode of the electrolytic machining power supply.

In step 3, the electrolyte with a temperature of 70°C is introduced, the deformation mechanism 3 is in a straight state, and the feeding system 1 makes a feeding motion to drive the electrolytic machining tool to enter the inner area of the workpiece from the narrow entrance of the workpiece 5; Enter the normal temperature electrolyte with a temperature of 25°C, the deformation mechanism 3 is in a bent state, the tool cathode 4 reaches the initial processing position, and the processing gap is adjusted.

Step 4: Continuously supply the normal temperature electrolyte with a temperature of 25°C, turn on the electrolytic machining power supply, and the electrolytic machining tool is driven by the feeding system 1 to perform a feeding motion to perform electrolytic machining.

Step 5: When the blind hole processing on the inner wall of the variable-section pipe is completed, the power supply for electrolytic machining is disconnected, and the electrolyte with a temperature of 70°C is passed in. The deformation mechanism 3 is in a high-temperature and straight state, and the feeding system drives the electrolytic machining tool to exit the processing area. , stop the supply of electrolyte, and complete the one-time forming process of blind holes on the inner wall with poor accessibility.

Claims (5)

1. An electrochemical machining tool for complex inner wall structures with poor accessibility, characterized in that: comprises a cathode mechanism (4), a deformation mechanism (3) and a connecting mechanism (2);

the cathode mechanism (4) comprises a cathode body (43) with a hollow cavity, and electrolyte outlets (42) are uniformly distributed on a working surface (41) of the cathode body (43);

the deformation mechanism (3) comprises a deformation rod (31) and a hose (32) with two sealed ends, the deformation rod (31) is coaxially and fixedly arranged in the sealed hose (32), and the deformation rod (31) is made of shape memory alloy; one end of the hose (32) is communicated with the cathode body (43) through more than two communicating pipes; the other end of the hose (32) is communicated with more than two liquid inlet pipes (37);

in the preparation processing stage, high-temperature electrolyte is introduced into a hose (32) of the deformation mechanism, and the deformation rod (31) is in a high-temperature phase straightening state, so that an electrochemical processing tool enters an inner cavity of a processed workpiece;

in the processing stage, normal-temperature electrolyte is introduced into a hose (32) of the deformation mechanism, the electrolyte is introduced into a cathode body (43) through the hose (32), the deformation rod (31) is in a low-temperature phase bending state, and the cathode body (43) reaches a region to be processed and is processed according to a set processing gap;

and after the processing is finished, introducing high-temperature electrolyte into a hose (32) of the deformation mechanism, and enabling the deformation rod (31) to exit from the processing area in a straightening state.

2. An electrochemical machining tool for a complex inner wall structure with poor accessibility according to claim 1, characterized in that: a plurality of horizontal slit-shaped electrolyte outlets (42) are uniformly distributed on the working surface (41) of the cathode body (43).

3. An electrochemical machining tool for a complex inner wall structure with poor accessibility according to claim 2, characterized in that: the width of the seam of the electrolyte outlet (42) is 1-2 mm, and the length of the seam is 10-12 mm.

4. An electrochemical machining tool for a complex inner wall structure with poor accessibility according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cathode body (43) is a hollow cube, one side surface of the cathode body is a working surface (41), and the shape of the working surface (41) is matched with the shape of a surface to be processed of a processed workpiece; the other opposite side surface is communicated with more than two communicating pipes.

5. An electrochemical machining tool for a complex inner wall structure with poor accessibility according to claim 1, characterized in that: an upper end cover (33) is arranged at one end of the hose (32), and a lower end cover (34) is arranged at the other end of the hose (32), so that the hose (32) forms a hose with two sealed ends; the middle part of the outer side of the lower end cover (34) is fixedly connected with the cathode body (43) through a second connecting rod (22), and the middle part of the outer side of the upper end cover (33) is connected with one end of the first connecting rod (21).

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