CN110604010A - Method for preventing and controlling root knot nematode disease of facility melons - Google Patents

Method for preventing and controlling root knot nematode disease of facility melons Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110604010A
CN110604010A CN201911015879.6A CN201911015879A CN110604010A CN 110604010 A CN110604010 A CN 110604010A CN 201911015879 A CN201911015879 A CN 201911015879A CN 110604010 A CN110604010 A CN 110604010A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
greenhouse
closing
soil
days
opening
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Pending
Application number
CN201911015879.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘宝玉
刘晨光
赵廷昌
白庆荣
胡俊
杨立国
郑直
王玉杰
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Bayannur Plant Protection And Plant Inspection Station
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Bayannur Plant Protection And Plant Inspection Station
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Priority to CN201911015879.6A priority Critical patent/CN110604010A/en
Publication of CN110604010A publication Critical patent/CN110604010A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0268Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
    • A01G13/0275Films
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preventing and controlling root knot nematode disease of facility melons, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing soil in the field and cleaning the field in the leisure period of the facility greenhouse in 6-8 months; (2) raking the ground, flood-irrigating with clear water, closing a ventilation opening of the greenhouse, and sealing the greenhouse for more than 7 days in a sunny day with 4-5 continuous days; (3) opening a ventilation opening of the greenhouse, mechanically loosening the soil when the relative water content of the soil is 70-80% just before the soil can be mechanically operated, and then opening a triangular ditch belt; (4) spreading ammonium bicarbonate on the inverted triangular ditch belt, then covering the inverted triangular ditch belt with a plastic film of a mulching film, and tightly sealing the periphery of the plastic film of the mulching film with soil; (5) closing the ventilation opening of the greenhouse, closing the greenhouse for secondary high-temperature greenhouse closing, sealing the greenhouse for more than 15 days, and requiring a sunny day of 7-10 days continuously, then opening the ventilation opening of the greenhouse, removing the plastic film of the mulching film, and airing for 3-5 days.

Description

Method for preventing and controlling root knot nematode disease of facility melons
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of disease and pest control, and particularly relates to a method for controlling greenhouse melon root knot nematode disease.
Background
Root knot nematode disease mainly damages the roots of melons, and is mostly characterized in that tawny spherical root knots are formed at the joints of main roots and lateral roots, and the roots are swollen and deformed to be chicken feet when serious. After the nematode parasitizes, the root system function of the melon is damaged, so that the overground part grows and shrinks, leaves are wilted, the lower leaves are easy to fall off, the upper leaves are yellow, flowering is delayed or the melon cannot bear fruits, and the yield is influenced.
The root knot nematode disease has wide application range, serious harm, more than 2000 plants in host range, multiple propagation ways and various varieties, can harm more than 30 vegetables such as melons, cucumbers, tomatoes, bitter gourds and the like, and is a soil-borne disease which is extremely difficult to control. Especially for facility melons, root knot nematode disease is one of the important diseases.
Root knot nematode disease occurs all over the country, is one of the most serious diseases in facility agricultural production such as Shandong and Neng-Mongheng, and the like, has the trend of increasing the damage degree year by year, and generally reduces the yield of the damaged crops by 20-50 percent, and even seriously stops the yield. Under the condition of no safe and effective prevention and control measures, in order to control the harm of the pesticide, the melon growers mainly use the bromine methane fumigant, the aldicarb granules, the furadan, the organic phosphorus and other highly toxic pesticides for prevention and control, and the pesticide poses serious threats to food safety and ecological safety.
At present, the root-knot nematode is prevented and controlled by physical technologies such as steam disinfection and the like and biological technologies such as biological control and the like, and the problems of high cost, poor operability, poor prevention effect and the like are solved. Therefore, the research on a technology for preventing and treating the root knot nematode disease, which is safe, effective, low in cost and simple and convenient to operate, is the key point for controlling the spreading damage of the root knot nematode.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims at the problems in the prior art to improve, namely the invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling the meloidogyne disease of facility melons, which increases the heating area and the soil ventilation property by designing a high-temperature shed-closing technical means, accelerates the ammonia gas decomposed from ammonium bicarbonate to enter the soil, and provides a safe, economic, effective and simple method for preventing and controlling the meloidogyne disease of the melons.
The technical scheme is as follows: a method for preventing and controlling root knot nematode disease of facility melons comprises the following steps:
(1) 6-8 months, preparing soil in the field and cleaning the field after seedling pulling of the previous crops in the leisure period of the facility greenhouse;
(2) raking the ground, flood-irrigating with clear water, fully irrigating with clear water without dead corners, closing a ventilation opening of the greenhouse to carry out first high-temperature greenhouse closing for more than 7 days, and requiring a clear day of 4-5 continuous days during the first high-temperature greenhouse closing;
(3) opening a ventilation opening of the greenhouse, mechanically loosening the soil when the relative water content of the soil is 70-80% just before the soil can be mechanically operated, and then opening a triangular ditch belt;
(4) spreading ammonium bicarbonate on the inverted triangular ditch belt, then covering the inverted triangular ditch belt with a plastic film, and tightly sealing the periphery of the plastic film with soil, wherein: the dosage of the ammonium bicarbonate is 200-300 kg per mu;
(5) closing a ventilation opening of the greenhouse, closing the greenhouse for the second high-temperature shed closing, sealing the greenhouse for more than 15 days, requiring a sunny day of 7-10 days continuously during the second high-temperature shed closing period, then opening the ventilation opening of the greenhouse, removing the plastic film of the mulching film, and airing for 3-5 days to finish the control of the facility melon root knot nematode disease.
Further, the field in the step (1) is a field in the river-sleeve region of China.
Further, the width of the upper opening of the inverted triangular groove belt in the step (3) is 50cm, and the depth of the upper opening of the inverted triangular groove belt is 30 cm.
Further, the inverted triangular groove belt in the step (3) is arranged in a east-west direction.
Further, the thickness of the plastic film of the mulching film in the step (4) is 0.008 ℃
0.01mm。
Has the advantages that: the method for preventing and controlling the root knot nematode disease of the facility melons, disclosed by the invention, has the following beneficial effects:
the high-temperature greenhouse closing is disinfected twice, the greenhouse is disinfected for the first time, and the soil is disinfected for the second time, so that the problem of root-knot nematode damage is thoroughly solved; ditching and high-temperature covering the greenhouse with soil and ammonium bicarbonate: firstly, loosening the soil after watering, meeting the soil humidity and soil ventilation when the greenhouse is closed at high temperature, and improving the nematode prevention and control effect; secondly, the heating area is increased compared with that of the flat ground after ditching, thereby being beneficial to improving the effect of preventing and controlling nematodes by high-temperature greenhouse closing; thirdly, the rising temperature is higher than that of the flat ground after the soil is loosened and ditched, the ground temperature at the position of 20cm is generally increased by 4-5 ℃, the decomposition of ammonium bicarbonate is accelerated, the speed of ammonia entering the soil is increased, and the effect of preventing and controlling nematodes is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an inverted triangular groove belt.
Wherein:
a-upper mouth width h-depth
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following examples are presented to provide a better understanding of the embodiments of the invention and the advantages thereof, and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way, and all such equivalents, substitutions, modifications, and equivalents as may be made to the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment 1
A method for preventing and controlling root knot nematode disease of facility melons comprises the following steps:
(1)6 months, preparing soil in the field and cleaning the field after seedling pulling of the previous crops in the leisure period of the facility greenhouse;
(2) raking the ground, flood-irrigating with clear water, fully irrigating with clear water without dead corners, closing a ventilation opening of the greenhouse, and sealing the greenhouse for 10 days, wherein a continuous 4-day sunny day exists during the first high-temperature greenhouse closing;
(3) opening a ventilation opening of the greenhouse, mechanically loosening the soil when the relative water content of the soil is 70% just before mechanical operation can be carried out on the soil, and then opening a triangular ditch belt;
(4) spreading ammonium bicarbonate on the inverted triangular ditch belt, then covering the inverted triangular ditch belt with a plastic film, and tightly sealing the periphery of the plastic film with soil, wherein: the dosage of ammonium bicarbonate is 200kg per mu;
(5) closing the ventilation opening of the greenhouse, carrying out high-temperature greenhouse closing for the second time, sealing the greenhouse for 20 days, continuously keeping the greenhouse in a sunny day for 7 days during the high-temperature greenhouse closing for the second time, then opening the ventilation opening of the greenhouse, uncovering the plastic film of the mulching film, and airing for 3 days to finish the control of the root knot nematode disease of the facility melons.
Further, the field in the step (1) is a field in the river-sleeve region of China.
Further, the width a of the upper opening of the inverted triangular groove belt in the step (3) is 50cm, and the depth h is 30cm (as shown in fig. 1).
Further, the inverted triangular groove belt in the step (3) is arranged in a east-west direction.
Further, the thickness of the plastic film of the mulching film in the step (4) is 0.009 mm.
Specific example 2
A method for preventing and controlling root knot nematode disease of facility melons comprises the following steps:
(1)8, preparing soil in the field and cleaning the field in a facility greenhouse idle period after seedling pulling of the previous crops;
(2) raking the ground, flood-irrigating with clear water, fully irrigating with clear water without dead corners, closing a ventilation opening of the greenhouse, and sealing the greenhouse for 7 days, wherein a continuous 5-day sunny day exists during the first high-temperature greenhouse closing period;
(3) opening a ventilation opening of the greenhouse, mechanically loosening the soil when the relative water content of the soil is 80% just before mechanical operation can be carried out on the soil, and then opening a triangular ditch belt;
(4) spreading ammonium bicarbonate on the inverted triangular ditch belt, then covering the inverted triangular ditch belt with a plastic film, and tightly sealing the periphery of the plastic film with soil, wherein: the dosage of the ammonium bicarbonate is 300kg per mu;
(5) closing the ventilation opening of the greenhouse, carrying out high-temperature greenhouse closing for the second time, sealing the greenhouse for 15 days, continuously keeping the greenhouse for 10 days in sunny days during the high-temperature greenhouse closing for the second time, then opening the ventilation opening of the greenhouse, uncovering the plastic film of the mulching film, and airing for 5 days to finish the control of the root knot nematode disease of the facility melons.
Further, the field in the step (1) is a field in the river-sleeve region of China.
Further, the width a of the upper opening of the inverted triangular groove belt in the step (3) is 50cm, and the depth h is 30cm (as shown in fig. 1).
Further, the inverted triangular groove belt in the step (3) is arranged in a east-west direction.
Further, the thickness of the plastic film of the mulching film in the step (4) is 0.01 mm.
Specific example 3
A method for preventing and controlling root knot nematode disease of facility melons comprises the following steps:
(1)7, preparing soil in the field and cleaning the field in the leisure period of a facility greenhouse after seedling pulling of the previous crops;
(2) raking the ground, flood-irrigating with clear water, fully irrigating with clear water without dead corners, closing a ventilation opening of the greenhouse, and sealing the greenhouse for 8 days, wherein a continuous 4-day sunny day exists during the first high-temperature greenhouse closing;
(3) opening a ventilation opening of the greenhouse, mechanically loosening the soil when the relative water content of the soil is 75% just before mechanical operation can be carried out on the soil, and then opening a triangular ditch belt;
(4) spreading ammonium bicarbonate on the inverted triangular ditch belt, then covering the inverted triangular ditch belt with a plastic film, and tightly sealing the periphery of the plastic film with soil, wherein: the dosage of the ammonium bicarbonate is 250kg per mu;
(5) closing the ventilation opening of the greenhouse, carrying out secondary high-temperature greenhouse closing, sealing the greenhouse for 16 days, continuously keeping the greenhouse for 8 days in sunny days during the secondary high-temperature greenhouse closing, then opening the ventilation opening of the greenhouse, removing the plastic film of the mulching film, and airing for 4 days to finish the control of the facility melon root knot nematode disease.
Further, the field in the step (1) is a field in the river-sleeve region of China.
Further, the width a of the upper opening of the inverted triangular groove belt in the step (3) is 50cm, and the depth h is 30 cm.
Further, the inverted triangular groove belt in the step (3) is arranged in a east-west direction.
Further, the thickness of the plastic film of the mulching film in the step (4) is 0.008 mm.
To illustrate the technical effect of the present invention, the following is illustrated by field control experiments:
the test is carried out in a sunlight greenhouse in a Minlong facility agricultural park in Wuyuan county, the inner Mongolia autonomous region Bayan Daner City (river sleeve region), the root-knot nematodes are serious, the damage rate of the melon on the previous crop reaches 90%, the soil type is silt filling soil, the crop to be tested is the melon, the variety is early yellow honey, the seedling is grown in last 8 months in 2018, the field planting is carried out in last 9 months in 2018, and the management is carried out conventionally.
The field control test comprises three groups of comparison treatment tests which are carried out simultaneously:
treatment test one: high temperature greenhouse closing, ditching and ammonium bicarbonate
After the first high-temperature greenhouse is closed (7 days in a closed greenhouse, and a clear day with 4 continuous days during the first high-temperature greenhouse closing period), when soil can be mechanically operated, soil is loosened, a ditch zone with the width of 50cm and the depth of 30cm is opened, the trend of the ditch zone is towards east and west, after 300kg of ammonium bicarbonate is spread on each mu of the ditch zone, a plastic film with 0.008mm mulching film is used for covering the soil, and the periphery of the plastic film is tightly sealed by the soil. Closing the ventilation opening of the greenhouse to carry out secondary high-temperature greenhouse closing, closing the greenhouse for 15 days, closing the greenhouse for 7 continuous sunny days, then opening the ventilation opening of the greenhouse, removing the mulching film, airing for 3 days, and carrying out field planting.
Treatment test two: high temperature cloak shed and ditching
After the first high-temperature greenhouse closing (7 days in a closed greenhouse, and a clear day of 4 continuous days in the first high-temperature greenhouse closing period), when soil can be just mechanically operated, loosening the soil, opening a ditch zone with an upper opening width of 50cm and a depth of 30cm, covering the soil with a plastic film of 0.008mm, and tightly sealing the periphery with the soil. Closing the ventilation opening of the greenhouse to carry out secondary high-temperature greenhouse closing, closing the greenhouse for 15 days, closing the greenhouse for 7 continuous sunny days, then opening the ventilation opening of the greenhouse, removing the mulching film, airing for 3 days, and carrying out field planting.
Treatment test three: high temperature stifle + flat ground (CK)
After the first high-temperature greenhouse closing (7 days in a closed greenhouse, and continuous 4 days in a sunny day during the first high-temperature greenhouse closing), the soil (flat ground) is covered by a plastic film with 0.008mm mulching film, and the periphery of the plastic film is tightly sealed by soil. Closing the ventilation opening of the greenhouse, closing the greenhouse for secondary high-temperature greenhouse closing, sealing the greenhouse for 15 days, continuously closing the greenhouse for 7 days in sunny days, then opening the ventilation opening of the greenhouse, removing the mulching film, airing for 3 days, and planting.
After the muskmelon fruits are ripe, the incidence rate and disease index of root knot nematode disease are investigated and counted by a 5-point sampling method, and 10 plants are investigated at each point.
Grading standard of disease index of root-knot nematode
Level 0: no root knot exists, and the root system is healthy;
level 1: only a few root knots account for less than 10 percent of the whole root system;
and 3, level: the root knot is obvious, and the root knot accounts for 11 to 25 percent of the whole root system;
and 5, stage: the root knot is particularly obvious, and the root knot accounts for 26% -50% of the whole root system;
and 7, stage: the root knots are large in number, account for 51% -75% of the whole root system, the root knots are mutually connected, and most of main roots and lateral roots become thick and are malformed;
and 9, stage: the number of the root knots is extremely large, the root knots account for more than 75 percent of the total root system, the root knots are mutually connected, and most of the main roots and the lateral roots become thick and are malformed, even rotten.
The formula for the comparative treatment experiment is as follows:
(1) the formula for calculating the incidence of disease is as follows:
(2) the disease index calculation formula is as follows:
(3) the disease prevention effect calculation formula is as follows:
the test data are statistically analyzed by a new complex polar difference method of Duncan.
TABLE 1 control of root knot nematode disease by different treatments
Treatment of Incidence (%) Index of disease condition Control effect (%)
High temperature greenhouse closing, ditching and ammonium bicarbonate 8.6c 1.0c 98.3a
High temperature cloak shed and ditching 44.4b 13.6b 76.5b
High temperature stifle + flat ground (CK) 100a 57.9a ——
Note: column identity lower case letters were no significant difference at the 5% level.
The results in table 1 show that the high-temperature shed-closing by adopting the ditching mode can improve the soil ventilation, increase the heating area and improve the root knot nematode prevention and control effect of the high-temperature shed-closing, the morbidity and the disease index are respectively 44.4% and 13.6, the control effect is obviously lower than that of a flat high-temperature shed-closing, and the control effect reaches 76.5%; during ditching and high-temperature greenhouse closing, ammonium bicarbonate is applied to soil, the released high-concentration ammonia gas can effectively improve the effect of preventing and controlling root-knot nematode diseases, the morbidity and the disease index are only 8.6 percent and 1.0 percent, the method is obviously lower than other two treatments, the prevention effect is as high as 98.3 percent, and the prevention and control effect is obviously higher than that of ditching and high-temperature greenhouse closing.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method for preventing and controlling root knot nematode disease of facility melons is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) 6-8 months, preparing soil in the field and cleaning the field after seedling pulling of the previous crops in the leisure period of the facility greenhouse;
(2) raking the ground, flood-irrigating with clear water, fully irrigating with clear water without dead corners, closing a ventilation opening of the greenhouse to carry out first high-temperature greenhouse closing for more than 7 days, and requiring a clear day of 4-5 continuous days during the first high-temperature greenhouse closing;
(3) opening a ventilation opening of the greenhouse, mechanically loosening the soil when the relative water content of the soil is 70-80% just before the soil can be mechanically operated, and then opening a triangular ditch belt;
(4) spreading ammonium bicarbonate on the inverted triangular ditch belt, then covering the inverted triangular ditch belt with a plastic film, and tightly sealing the periphery of the plastic film with soil, wherein: the dosage of the ammonium bicarbonate is 200-300 kg per mu;
(5) closing a ventilation opening of the greenhouse, closing the greenhouse for the second high-temperature shed closing, sealing the greenhouse for more than 15 days, requiring a sunny day of 7-10 days continuously during the second high-temperature shed closing period, then opening the ventilation opening of the greenhouse, removing the plastic film of the mulching film, and airing for 3-5 days to finish the control of the facility melon root knot nematode disease.
2. The method for controlling meloidogyne incognita disease in facilities, according to claim 1, wherein the field in step (1) is a field in the river-crossing region of china.
3. The method for controlling meloidogyne incognita disease in a facility according to claim 1, wherein the upper mouth of the inverted triangular furrow formed in step (3) has a width of 50cm and a depth of 30 cm.
4. The method for controlling meloidogyne incognita disease in a facility according to claim 3, wherein the inverted triangle groove of step (3) is arranged in a east-west orientation.
5. The method for controlling meloidogyne incognita disease in a facility according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the plastic film used as the mulching film in step (4) is 0.008mm to 0.01 mm.
CN201911015879.6A 2019-10-24 2019-10-24 Method for preventing and controlling root knot nematode disease of facility melons Pending CN110604010A (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102657049A (en) * 2012-05-03 2012-09-12 陕西省动物研究所 Method for preventing and controlling root knot nematode of greenhouse vegetables by using ammonium bicarbonate
CN105340647A (en) * 2015-12-08 2016-02-24 玉田县金松农民专业合作社 Method for killing greenhouse root-knot nematodes
CN106416717A (en) * 2016-10-12 2017-02-22 烟台市昊星晟信息技术有限公司 Method for greenhouse pollution-free plantation
CN106856927A (en) * 2017-02-22 2017-06-20 武威市农业技术推广中心 A kind of method for preventing and treating heliogreenhouse root knot nematode disease
CN109496623A (en) * 2018-12-07 2019-03-22 王其俊 A kind of root knot nematode control method in greenhouse crops plantation

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102657049A (en) * 2012-05-03 2012-09-12 陕西省动物研究所 Method for preventing and controlling root knot nematode of greenhouse vegetables by using ammonium bicarbonate
CN105340647A (en) * 2015-12-08 2016-02-24 玉田县金松农民专业合作社 Method for killing greenhouse root-knot nematodes
CN106416717A (en) * 2016-10-12 2017-02-22 烟台市昊星晟信息技术有限公司 Method for greenhouse pollution-free plantation
CN106856927A (en) * 2017-02-22 2017-06-20 武威市农业技术推广中心 A kind of method for preventing and treating heliogreenhouse root knot nematode disease
CN109496623A (en) * 2018-12-07 2019-03-22 王其俊 A kind of root knot nematode control method in greenhouse crops plantation

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Application publication date: 20191224