CN110601596B - Standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on piezoelectric ceramic - Google Patents
Standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on piezoelectric ceramic Download PDFInfo
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- CN110601596B CN110601596B CN201910384995.9A CN201910384995A CN110601596B CN 110601596 B CN110601596 B CN 110601596B CN 201910384995 A CN201910384995 A CN 201910384995A CN 110601596 B CN110601596 B CN 110601596B
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/10—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing rotary motion, e.g. rotary motors
- H02N2/12—Constructional details
Abstract
A standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on piezoelectric ceramics relates to the technical field of piezoelectric drive. The piezoelectric actuator solves the problems of short service life, low rotating speed and the like caused by material abrasion of the conventional piezoelectric actuator. The piezoelectric ceramic comprises an annular piezoelectric ceramic piece, an annular metal matrix, a rectangular magnetic block and a permanent magnet rotor; when single-phase pulsating direct current voltage is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic, the stator elastic composite body consisting of the annular piezoelectric ceramic piece and the annular metal matrix can excite axial bending vibration standing waves, the axial bending vibration standing waves can continuously change the relative angle between the rectangular magnetic block and the permanent magnet rotor, which are stuck on the stator, and finally the driving is realized through the lateral component force of homopolar repulsion force between the magnets. The invention can be applied to the field of non-contact driving.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on piezoelectric ceramics, and belongs to the technical field of piezoelectric ultrasonic motors.
Background
The existing piezoelectric driving technology mainly utilizes the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramics to convert electric energy into mechanical energy, a stator of a piezoelectric driver is usually a composite elastic body with a specific shape consisting of the piezoelectric ceramics and a metal elastic body, and the excitation of the same-frequency mechanical vibration in the stator elastic body is realized by applying alternating voltage with ultrasonic frequency to the piezoelectric ceramics, so that a motion track with a driving effect is formed at a mass point in a stator driving area; further, the output of the macroscopic motion of the rotor is realized through the friction coupling between the stator and the rotor. The piezoelectric actuator has the advantages of low speed, large torque, no need of a speed change mechanism, high response speed and the like, and has very wide application as a piezoelectric actuator.
The conventional piezoelectric driver adopts friction coupling driving, so that the problems of short service life, low rotating speed and the like exist, and the application range is severely restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of short service life and low rotating speed of the existing piezoelectric driver caused by friction coupling between a stator and a rotor, the piezoelectric ceramic-based standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor is provided.
The standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on piezoelectric ceramics comprises an annular piezoelectric ceramic piece (1), an annular metal matrix (2), a rectangular magnetic block (3) and a permanent magnet rotor (4); the annular piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) and the rectangular magnetic block (3) are respectively arranged and stuck on the upper surface and the lower surface of the annular metal base body (2) according to a certain position; the permanent magnet rotor (4) is of an annular structure and is positioned right above the rectangular magnetic block (3).
The annular piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) and the annular metal substrate (2) of the standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on the piezoelectric ceramic form an elastic complex body in a pasting mode, and a single-phase pulsating direct current voltage is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic by means of d of the piezoelectric ceramic31The working mode realizes the excitation of the axial bending vibration mode of the elastic complex. The annular piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) is divided into 2n equal sectors along the circumferential direction of the lower end surface of the annular metal base body (2), each sector corresponds to one half of the wavelength of standing waves, the polarization directions of the annular piezoelectric ceramic pieces of the two adjacent sectors are opposite, and a ring B (0, n) -order axial bending vibration mode can be generated through the excitation mode.
The degree of freedom of a permanent magnet rotor (4) of the standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on piezoelectric ceramics in the vertical direction is limited, the rectangular magnetic blocks (3) are adhered to the upper surface of an annular metal matrix (2) according to a circular ring circumferential array, the centers of the rectangular magnetic blocks (3) are located at standing wave nodes, and two adjacent rectangular magnetic blocks are spaced by one wavelength, so that each magnetic block can form an effective horizontal magnetic repulsion force component to drive the permanent magnet rotor to rotate anticlockwise (or clockwise) together.
According to the standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on piezoelectric ceramics, the standing wave amplitude value generated by the annular metal matrix (2) is periodically changed, so that the relative angle between the rectangular magnetic block (3) and the permanent magnet rotor (4) is continuously changed, the rectangular magnetic block (3) generates a horizontal magnetic repulsion force component to the permanent magnet rotor (4), and the permanent magnet rotor is continuously driven to rotate at a high speed.
The standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on piezoelectric ceramics applies single-phase pulsating direct current to the annular piezoelectric ceramic plate (1), the direction of the single-phase pulsating direct current is unchanged, but the magnitude of the single-phase pulsating direct current changes along with time, the amplitude of the axial bending vibration standing wave waveform generated under the voltage excitation is always changed in a single direction, namely, the half-wavelength interval at the wave crest is always convex, and the half-wavelength interval at the wave trough is always concave.
The axis of an annular metal matrix (2) of the piezoelectric ceramic-based standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor is superposed with the axis of a permanent magnet rotor (4).
The rod type magnetic repulsion force driving method based on the piezoelectric ceramics has the advantages that friction does not exist between the stator and the rotor of the driver, the service life of the driver is long, the rotating speed is high, the processing and the assembly are simple and convenient, and the serialization and the commercialization are convenient to realize.
The invention is suitable for the field of non-contact driving.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional structural view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the polarization division of the piezoelectric ceramic of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the piezoelectric ceramic electrode connection of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a driving diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an axial bending vibration mode diagram of the annular metal matrix of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first specific implementation way is as follows: the standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on piezoelectric ceramics in the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 5, and comprises an annular piezoelectric ceramic piece (1), an annular metal substrate (2), rectangular magnetic blocks (3) and a permanent magnet rotor (4); the annular piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) and the rectangular magnetic block (3) are respectively arranged and stuck on the upper surface and the lower surface of the annular metal base body (2) according to a certain position; the permanent magnet rotor (4) is of an annular structure and is positioned right above the rectangular magnetic block (3).
The second embodiment is as follows: the standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on the piezoelectric ceramic is characterized in that the annular piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) and the annular metal substrate (2) form an elastic composite body in a pasting mode, single-phase pulsating direct current voltage is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic, and the single-phase pulsating direct current voltage is assisted by d of the piezoelectric ceramic31The working mode realizes the excitation of the axial bending vibration mode of the elastic complex. Dividing the annular piezoelectric ceramic plate (1) into 2n equal sectors along the circumferential direction of the lower end surface of the annular metal substrate (2), wherein each sector is divided into two equal sectorsThe sectors correspond to half of the wavelength of the standing wave, and the polarization directions of the annular piezoelectric ceramic plates of the two adjacent sectors are opposite, so that an annular B (0, n) -order axial bending vibration mode can be generated through the excitation mode.
The third concrete implementation mode: the standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on piezoelectric ceramics is different from the first embodiment in that the degree of freedom of the permanent magnet rotor (4) in the vertical direction is limited, the rectangular magnetic blocks (3) are adhered to the upper surface of the annular metal matrix (2) according to a circular ring circumferential array, the centers of the rectangular magnetic blocks (3) are located at standing wave nodes, and every two adjacent rectangular magnetic blocks are separated by one wavelength, so that each magnetic block forms an effective horizontal magnetic repulsion force component to drive the permanent magnet rotor to rotate anticlockwise (or clockwise) together.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on piezoelectric ceramics is different from the first embodiment in that the standing wave amplitude generated by the annular metal matrix (2) changes periodically, so that the relative angle between the rectangular magnetic block (3) and the permanent magnet rotor (4) is continuously changed, the rectangular magnetic block (3) generates a horizontal magnetic repulsion force component to the permanent magnet rotor (4), and the permanent magnet rotor is continuously driven to rotate at a high speed.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on the piezoelectric ceramic is different from the piezoelectric ceramic unidirectional rotating motor in the first embodiment in that single-phase pulsating direct current applied to the annular piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) is direct current with a constant direction and a time-varying magnitude, and the amplitude of an axial bending vibration standing wave waveform generated under the excitation of the voltage is changed in a single direction all the time, namely, a half-wavelength interval at a wave crest is always convex, and a half-wavelength interval at a wave trough is always concave.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on piezoelectric ceramics in the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the axis of the annular metal base body (2) coincides with the axis of the permanent magnet rotor (4).
Claims (2)
1. A standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotating motor based on piezoelectric ceramics comprises an annular piezoelectric ceramic piece (1), an annular metal matrix (2), a rectangular magnetic block (3) and a permanent magnet rotor (4);
the annular piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) is adhered to the lower end face of the annular metal base body (2), the annular piezoelectric ceramic piece (1) is divided into 2n equal sectors along the circumferential direction of the lower end face of the annular metal base body (2), each sector corresponds to one half of the wavelength of standing waves, the polarization directions of the annular piezoelectric ceramic pieces of two adjacent sectors are opposite, and by applying unidirectional pulse voltage, a ring B (0, n) order axial bending vibration mode is generated by means of the working mode of the piezoelectric ceramic d 31; the single-phase pulse voltage is direct current with a constant direction and a time-varying magnitude, and the amplitude of the axial bending vibration standing wave waveform generated under the excitation of the voltage is always changed in a single direction, namely, the half-wavelength interval at the wave crest is always convex, and the half-wavelength interval at the wave trough is always concave;
the rectangular magnetic blocks (3) are adhered to the upper surface of the annular metal base body (2) according to a circular ring circumferential array, the centers of the rectangular magnetic blocks (3) are located at standing wave nodes, and two adjacent rectangular magnetic blocks are spaced by one wavelength;
the permanent magnet rotor (4) is of an annular structure, the degree of freedom of the permanent magnet rotor in the vertical direction is limited, and the unidirectional bending standing wave enables a normal included angle between the rectangular magnetic block (3) and the permanent magnet rotor (4) to generate periodic change, so that an effective horizontal magnetic repulsion force component is continuously generated, and the permanent magnet rotor (4) is driven to continuously rotate anticlockwise or clockwise.
2. A piezoelectric ceramic-based standing wave type magnetic repulsion unidirectional rotary electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis of the permanent magnet rotor (4) coincides with the axis of the annular metal matrix (2).
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| US11804790B2 (en) | 2020-07-28 | 2023-10-31 | Taurus Technologies Holdings, Inc. | Piezoelectric motor |
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| JPS6369473A (en) * | 1986-09-05 | 1988-03-29 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Motor |
| JPS63283478A (en) * | 1987-05-14 | 1988-11-21 | Marcon Electronics Co Ltd | Ultrasonic motor |
| CN100459403C (en) * | 2005-04-18 | 2009-02-04 | 南京航空航天大学 | Standing wave frequency change step ultrasonic electric machine |
| TWI368692B (en) * | 2009-01-10 | 2012-07-21 | Univ Nat Cheng Kung | A contactless driving device |
| JP5808000B2 (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2015-11-10 | オリンパス株式会社 | Inertial drive actuator |
| CN102647126B (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2014-10-15 | 浙江理工大学 | Micro actuator with adjustable local magnetic field |
| DE102013105024B3 (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2014-09-25 | Physik Instrumente (Pi) Gmbh & Co. Kg | ultrasonic motor |
| CN103414373B (en) * | 2013-08-26 | 2015-09-02 | 苏州科技学院 | Single stimulated rotation ultrasonic motor |
| TW201637343A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2016-10-16 | He Yan | Flat repulsion motor |
| CN106533254B (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2019-02-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Three degree of freedom spherical rotor ultrasonic motor stator matrix |
| CN208782740U (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2019-04-23 | 浙江师范大学 | A kind of asymmetric piezoelectricity straight line driver of plow-shape structure |
| CN109302096B (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-04-21 | 南京工程学院 | Multi-ceramic excitation standing wave type linear ultrasonic motor based on cross stator structure |
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