CN110598936A - River ecological water demand calculation system and information transmission method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a river ecological water demand calculation system and an information transmission method, wherein the system comprises a river subarea monitoring module, an average rainfall prediction module, a river runoff monitoring module, a water depth comparison module, an oxygen capacity monitoring module, a biomass monitoring module, a trace element monitoring module and an intelligent terminal processing system, wherein the river subarea monitoring module is divided into a plurality of parameter monitoring areas according to a river geographical structure; the average rainfall prediction module divides a rich water period and a dry water period of the average natural flow of the years according to the rainwater distribution condition of the years, and respectively counts the average natural flow of the years of the rich water period and the average natural flow of the years of the dry water period of each parameter monitoring area; according to the scheme, the river is divided into the rich water period and the dry water period, different ecological water demand calculation modes are selected for the rich water period and the dry water period, the large water demand calculation error caused by uneven rainfall can be avoided, and the accuracy of ecological water demand calculation is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of ecological water demand calculation, in particular to a river ecological water demand calculation system and an information transmission method.
Background
With the increase of the social and economic level, the demand of human beings on the living environment and water resources is higher and higher. Rivers play an important role in the development of economic society and the protection of ecological environment as an important carrier of water resource supply, but due to over-development and unreasonable utilization, rivers face a plurality of problems such as water resource shortage and serious water pollution. Therefore, from the perspective of protecting the river ecological environment and promoting sustainable development of the economic society, the basic requirement of the river ecosystem on water resources needs to be emphasized, and the river ecological flow needs to be guaranteed in multiple directions.
The total number of research methods for the ecological water demand of rivers exceeds 200, and by researching the ecological water demand of the rivers, decision support can be provided for reservoir scheduling aiming at flood control, power generation, ecology and the like. Related research methods are mainly divided into 4 major categories: a hydrology method using historical hydrological data; a hydraulics method according to the hydraulic property of the river section; habitat simulation by analyzing habitat suitability; and (4) an integral method comprehensively considering all factors. The methods have certain ecological foundations and advantages and disadvantages, but due to the complexity of the problem of ecological water demand of rivers, a unified standard does not exist at present, and the calculation method of the ecological water demand is continuously updated and developed. Among the 4 types of methods, the hydrology method has the advantages of easy acquisition of hydrological data, strong universality, no need of field observation and the like, and is widely popularized and applied in the whole world.
Therefore, at present, hydrology methods are mostly adopted for most river ecological water demand calculation methods, wherein the Montgana method is most commonly used, but the Montgana method mainly depends on historical flow data of rivers to calculate average flow of precipitation for many years, and the average flow of precipitation for many years is used for deducing current river ecological flow to deduce minimum instantaneous flow and optimal flow of the current rivers, but the existing Montgana method has the following defects:
(1) the average flow value of rainfall for many years is over-small compared with the water-rich period and over-large compared with the dry period, so that the ecological water demand calculated in the water-rich period of the river is smaller than the actual water demand value, and the ecological water demand calculated in the dry period of the river is larger than the actual water demand value, so that the river ecology is unbalanced;
(2) water quality and organism demand conditions of different sections of the river are not considered, so that water ecological imbalance easily occurs to a water body of a certain section of the river, and even paralysis of the whole river ecosystem is caused;
(3) the ecological parameters of the whole river are intensively and uniformly calculated, so that the ecological parameters are excessive, the whole river is taken as a research object, the detection types of the river parameters are more, the data demand is large, the data acquisition is difficult, and the ecological water demand calculation is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a river ecological water demand calculation system and an information transmission method, a river is divided into a rich water period and a low water period, and different ecological water demand calculation modes are selected for the rich water period and the low water period, so that the large water demand calculation error caused by uneven rainfall can be avoided, the accuracy of ecological water demand calculation is improved, and the problems of inaccurate ecological water demand calculation and ecological imbalance in the prior art are solved.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides the following:
in a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a river ecological water demand calculation system is provided, including a river partition monitoring module, an average rainfall prediction module, a river runoff monitoring module, a water depth comparison module, an oxygen capacity monitoring module, a biomass monitoring module, a trace element monitoring module, and an intelligent terminal processing system;
the river subarea monitoring module establishes a river structure model according to the depth of the bottom of a river, the length of the river and the width of the river in proportion, and divides the river model into a plurality of parameter monitoring areas;
the average rainfall prediction module divides a rich water period and a low water period of the average natural flow of the years according to the rainwater distribution condition of the years, and respectively counts the average natural flow of the years of the rich water period and the average natural flow of the years of the low water period of each parameter monitoring area;
the river runoff monitoring module is used for counting the average water quantity passing through the water cross section of each parameter monitoring area in unit time;
the water depth comparison module is used for respectively detecting the water levels of different parameter monitoring areas, and each parameter monitoring area compares water level parameters in real time to determine the water level lifting condition of each parameter monitoring area;
the biological quantity monitoring module is used for sampling and detecting the biological quantity of each parameter monitoring area and correspondingly calculating ideal dissolved oxygen and trace elements required by the biological quantity of each parameter monitoring area;
the oxygen capacity monitoring module is used for monitoring the actual dissolved oxygen amount of each parameter monitoring area in the river body in real time and comparing the actual dissolved oxygen amount with the ideal dissolved oxygen required by the organism in real time;
the trace element monitoring module is used for monitoring the actual concentration of nutrient salts in river water in real time and comparing the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium trace elements with the concentration of ideal trace elements in the river in real time.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, the river runoff monitoring module calculates real-time runoff passing through each parameter monitoring area at the water outlet of the parameter monitoring area, and during the period of rich water, the step of determining the ecological water demand of the river through the river runoff monitoring module is as follows:
extracting the data of the multi-year water abundance period in the average rainfall estimation module, and calculating the average natural flow of the multi-year water abundance period;
calculating the ecological water demand of the river in the rich water period by using a Monda method;
the river runoff monitoring module regularly acquires the average runoff of each parameter monitoring area, compares the average runoff with the river ecological water demand calculated by Monama method, and judges whether the current river runoff meets the ecological water demand.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, in the dry season, the intelligent terminal processing system matches and corresponds the water depth parameter measured in each parameter monitoring area with the instantaneous river runoff, determines the functional relationship between the river runoff and the water depth data, and divides the monitoring data of the water depth comparison module into a normal water depth, an insufficient water depth and a degraded water depth range.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, the intelligent terminal processing system calculates a functional relationship between the water depth of the river and the dissolved oxygen concentration and the trace element concentration respectively according to the data of the water depth comparison module, the oxygen capacity monitoring module and the trace element monitoring module, and specifically includes the following steps:
the water depth comparison module monitors the water depth of each parameter monitoring area in real time and sends the water depth data to the intelligent terminal processing system at regular time, and the intelligent terminal processing system roughly calculates the water capacity of each parameter monitoring area according to the volume and the water depth parameter of each parameter monitoring area;
the oxygen capacity monitoring module samples river water bodies with different water depths and calculates the actual dissolved oxygen concentration in the river water bodies, and the trace element monitoring module calculates the nutrient salt concentration in the river water bodies;
according to the data of different water capacities, actual dissolved oxygen concentration and nutrient salt concentration, the functional relations between the water capacity and the actual dissolved oxygen, and between the water depth and the nutrient salt concentration are respectively obtained.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, the biological quantity monitoring module detects the biological quantity of each parameter monitoring area, and the specific manner of determining the required dissolved oxygen concentration and trace element concentration is as follows:
sampling the water quality of each parameter monitoring area at regular time, detecting the concentration of microorganisms contained in the water quality, and judging the biomass number of the corresponding parameter monitoring area according to the concentration of the microorganisms;
calculating the ideal dissolved oxygen concentration required by supplying organisms in the river according to the number of the organisms in each parameter monitoring area;
and calculating the reasonable concentration of the nutrient salt in each parameter monitoring area according to the river water volume of each parameter monitoring area.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the actual detection value of the oxygen capacity monitoring module is compared with the ideal dissolved oxygen concentration of each parameter monitoring area in real time, and the ideal water depth of each parameter monitoring area is determined according to the actual detection value of the oxygen capacity and the functional relation between the water capacity and the dissolved oxygen concentration; deducing river ecological water demand of each parameter monitoring area according to the ideal water depth, and selecting the maximum value of the river ecological water demand as a first standard river runoff.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the actual detection value of the trace element monitoring module is compared with the reasonable concentration of the nutrient salt in each parameter monitoring area in real time, and the ideal water depth of each parameter monitoring area is determined according to the actual detection value of the trace element and the functional relation between the water capacity and the concentration of the nutrient salt; calculating the ecological water demand of the river in each parameter monitoring area, and selecting the maximum value of the ecological water demand of the river as a second standard river runoff; and comparing the data size of the first standard river runoff and the second standard river runoff again, and selecting the maximum value as the final river runoff of the parameter monitoring area.
In a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided an information transmission method for a river ecological water demand calculation system, including the steps of:
step 100, establishing a river model, dividing the river model into a plurality of parameter monitoring areas according to water depth, river width and flow velocity information of a river, and calculating average natural flow corresponding to a rich water period and a dry water period of each parameter monitoring area according to perennial rainfall information;
200, calculating the standard river runoff of each parameter monitoring area in a dry water period and a rich water period by using a Monda method;
300, acquiring instant river path flow of parameter monitoring areas at equal time intervals, receiving data by the intelligent terminal, calculating average river path flow of each parameter monitoring area in real time, acquiring water depth parameters of each monitoring area in real time, and comparing water depth changes of each monitoring area by the intelligent terminal;
step 400, the intelligent terminal calculates the corresponding relation between the river runoff and the water depth of each monitoring area according to a plurality of simultaneous instant river runoff and water depth parameters;
step 500, sampling the water body in the parameter monitoring area at regular time, detecting the number of microorganisms, the oxygen capacity and the concentration of trace elements in the water body, receiving detection data by an intelligent terminal, and comparing the data change of each parameter monitoring area;
and step 600, the intelligent terminal calculates the ecological water demand of each parameter monitoring area according to the water depth, the oxygen capacity and the concentration of the trace elements of each parameter monitoring area.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 300, the specific way of calculating the river ecological water demand in the rich water period is as follows: and (3) calculating the river flow of the river ecological water demand by using the Monama method only by taking the average natural flow in the rich water period as a base number.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, after receiving real-time water depth parameters, instantaneous river runoff data, microbial count, oxygen capacity and trace element concentration, the intelligent terminal not only needs to calculate average river runoff, but also needs data processing steps of:
calculating a functional relation between the river channel runoff and the water depth parameter according to a plurality of simultaneously acquired water depth parameters and instant river channel runoff data;
according to the division volume of each parameter monitoring area and the water depth corresponding to the parameter monitoring area, roughly calculating the water capacity of each parameter monitoring area;
calculating the oxygen capacity required by the river according to the current microbial quantity, calculating the ideal water capacity of the parameter monitoring area by using the oxygen capacity, and reversely calculating the ecological ideal water depth of the river channel and the runoff of the first standard river channel according to the ideal water capacity;
calculating ideal trace element concentration in the river according to the current microbial quantity, calculating ideal water capacity of the parameter monitoring area by using the ideal trace element concentration, and reversely calculating the ecological ideal water depth of the river channel and the second standard river channel runoff according to the ideal water capacity;
and comparing the values of the first standard river runoff and the second standard river runoff, and selecting a larger value as the required river runoff of the parameter monitoring area.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
(1) according to the invention, the river is divided into a rich water period and a dry water period according to the annual precipitation amount of the river, different ecological water demand calculation modes are selected for the rich water period and the dry water period, so that the large water demand calculation error caused by uneven precipitation amount can be avoided, the accuracy of ecological water demand calculation is improved, the stable and continuous development of river ecology is ensured, and great significance is provided for treating the river water quality and dispatching social water;
(2) the river is divided into a plurality of parameter monitoring areas according to different geographical structures, namely the river is cut into a plurality of sections to research the water demand index respectively, and the water demand of the whole river can be ensured to be normal only when the water demand of each section of the river is normal, so that the operation of dividing the river into different monitoring areas to detect respectively is reasonable and effective.
(3) According to the invention, each monitoring area carries out independent information transmission, the data demand is small, and the data loss condition caused by long-distance data transmission can be avoided, so that the data detection real-time performance is good, the data detection quantity of each parameter monitoring area is small, the parameter change condition can be timely found, the water demand calculation control can be effectively carried out, and the stability of a river ecosystem can be improved. .
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a river ecosystem in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an information transmission method of a river ecological computing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-river zoning monitoring module; 2-average rainfall prediction module; 3-a river runoff monitoring module; 4-water depth comparison module; 5-an oxygen capacity monitoring module; 6-a biological quantity monitoring module; 7-a trace element monitoring module; 8-intelligent terminal processing system.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a river ecological water demand calculation system, the existing ecological water demand calculation has different defects, wherein the defect of the Monamana method for calculating the ecological water demand is mainly shown as the fact that the factors of different structures and water quality of habitats are not considered, and the calculation error is large for the areas with uneven distribution in the precipitation year and is not suitable for use.
In order to solve the problems, the ecological water demand calculation system provided by the invention is based on the Monama ecological water demand calculation, the river is divided into different monitoring areas according to different habitat structures, and the ecological water demand is calculated independently for each monitoring area, so that the application range of the ecological water demand calculation system can be increased, the relation between river water demand and water quality is analyzed, a plurality of different monitoring areas are organically combined into the river, and the effectiveness and the accuracy of the integral ecological water demand calculation of the river are ensured.
In addition, the method divides the river into a rich water period and a dry water period according to the annual precipitation amount of the river, and selects different ecological water demand calculation modes for the rich water period and the dry water period, so that the large water demand calculation error caused by uneven precipitation amount can be avoided, the accuracy of ecological water demand calculation is improved, the stable and continuous development of river ecology is ensured, and the method has great significance for treating river water quality and dispatching social water.
The system specifically comprises a river subarea monitoring module 1, an average rainfall prediction module 2, a river runoff monitoring module 3, a water depth comparison module 4, an oxygen capacity monitoring module 5, a biomass monitoring module 6, a trace element monitoring module 7 and an intelligent terminal processing system 8.
The river subarea monitoring module 1 creates a river structure model according to the depth of the bottom of the river, the length of the river and the width of the river in proportion, and divides the river model into a plurality of parameter monitoring areas.
The river subarea monitoring module 1 divides the river into a plurality of sections, each section is used as a parameter monitoring area, and the ecological flow of the river channel is determined according to the habitat condition required by species in the river channel by utilizing the relation between the flow in the river channel and the biological habitat environment, so that the ecological water requirements of different parameter detection areas are different, the water requirement of the river is determined more accurately, and the influence on the accuracy of uniformly determining the water requirement of the river is avoided.
The average rainfall estimation module 2 divides a rich water period and a dry water period of the average natural flow of the years according to the rainwater distribution condition of the years, and respectively counts the average natural flow of the years of the rich water period and the average natural flow of the years of the dry water period of each parameter monitoring area.
It should be noted that the river ecological water demand calculation system provided by the invention mainly aims at areas with extremely uneven distribution of rainfall in the year, the existing technology is to calculate the ecological water demand of the flow in the river channel by using the average natural flow of many years, but in the areas, the error of calculating the average natural flow in the year by using the average rainfall estimation module 2 is large, so that the average value of the average natural flow is seriously smaller than that in the rich water period, and the river ecological water demand calculation result in the rich water period is influenced.
Therefore, as one of the main characteristic points of the invention, the invention divides the annual average natural flow into the perennial average natural flow in the rich water period and the perennial average natural flow in the dry water period according to the phenomenon of uneven precipitation distribution in the research area, improves the accuracy of calculating the flow in the river in the rich water period and solves the problems.
In summary, the river-division monitoring module 1 and the average rainfall prediction module 2 work in a combined manner specifically as follows: the river runoff monitoring module 1 calculates the real-time runoff passing through each parameter monitoring area at the water outlet of each parameter monitoring area, and during the period of rich water, the river runoff monitoring module determines the ecological water demand of the river by the following steps:
extracting data of the multi-year water abundance period in the average rainfall prediction module 2, and calculating the average natural flow of the multi-year water abundance period;
calculating the river ecological water demand in the water-rich period of each parameter monitoring area by using a Monda method;
the river runoff monitoring module 1 regularly acquires the average runoff of each parameter monitoring area, compares the average runoff with the river ecological water demand calculated by Monama method, and judges whether the current river runoff meets the ecological water demand.
As is known to all, under the ideal condition of controlling sewage discharge, organisms in a river corresponding to the rich water period of a general river are in the spawning period, the number of the organisms is increased, the water demand is large, and the social water consumption can be increased due to the daily activities of human beings, so that the method is the second main characteristic point of the invention.
The river runoff monitoring module 3 is used for counting the average water quantity passing through the water cross section of each parameter monitoring area in unit time, the statistical time of the river runoff monitoring module 3 of the embodiment can be customized, in order to improve the accuracy of data, the embodiment can detect the river runoff every 1 hour, and the average value of the river runoff every day is counted.
The water depth comparison module 4 detects the water levels of different parameter monitoring areas respectively, each parameter monitoring area compares the water level parameters in real time to determine the water level lifting condition of each parameter monitoring area, the water depth comparison module 4 of each parameter monitoring area independently compares the data of the parameter monitoring area, the water level lifting of the same river is approximately synchronous when water comes, and the water level lifting trend of other monitoring areas can be indirectly reflected by each parameter monitoring area.
Data of the river runoff monitoring module 3 and the water depth comparison module 4 have relevance, generally speaking, when the water depth of a water passing section increases, the river runoff of the water passing section inevitably increases, and when the water depth of the same water passing section decreases, the river runoff of the water passing section inevitably decreases, so that the river runoff monitoring module 3 and the water depth comparison module 4 are used for detecting and acquiring data, the intelligent terminal processing system 8 matches and corresponds the water depth parameter measured in each parameter monitoring area with the instantaneous river runoff, and determines the functional relation between the river runoff and the water depth data.
The biological quantity monitoring module 6 is used for sampling and detecting the biological quantity of each parameter monitoring area and correspondingly calculating ideal dissolved oxygen and trace elements required by the biological quantity of each parameter monitoring area.
In general, the ecological water demand is low because the demand for dissolved oxygen and trace elements is low because of poor activity of microorganisms, and even though the ecological water demand is low, if the rainfall becomes low and the water level drops significantly, the water level of the river cannot meet the ecological stability demand, and therefore, the ecological water demand needs to be calculated by using a habitat simulation method during the dry season when the rainfall becomes low.
If the river ecosystem in the dry season is damaged, the river ecosystem is difficult to restore even in the rich season, so that the biomass is closely related to the concentration of dissolved oxygen and trace elements, the biomass monitoring module 6 needs to detect the biomass in each parameter monitoring area and determine the required concentration of dissolved oxygen and trace elements, and the specific mode is as follows:
sampling the water quality of each parameter monitoring area at regular time, detecting the concentration of microorganisms contained in the water quality, and judging the biomass number of the corresponding parameter monitoring area according to the concentration of the microorganisms;
calculating the ideal dissolved oxygen concentration required by supplying organisms in the river according to the number of the organisms in each parameter monitoring area;
and calculating the reasonable concentration of the nutrient salt in each parameter monitoring area according to the river water volume of each parameter monitoring area.
It is known that if the number of microorganisms in a river is small, other organisms such as fish living in the river are inevitably small, and therefore, by detecting the concentration of microorganisms in water, the ideal dissolved oxygen concentration and the appropriate concentration of nutrient salts required for the river can be determined.
For the ideal dissolved oxygen concentration, if the actual dissolved oxygen concentration in the river is not much less than the ideal value, the biological death rate in the river ecosystem is high, the nutrient salt concentration in the water body is high, and the river ecosystem is damaged, so if the stable balance of the river ecology is to be ensured, the oxygen volume monitoring module 5 and the trace element monitoring module 7 must monitor the water condition in real time, the actual dissolved oxygen content in the water body is not less than the ideal dissolved oxygen concentration, the ideal dissolved oxygen concentration is more than or equal to 10ppm, the actual nutrient salt concentration in the water body is not less than the reasonable nutrient salt concentration, the nitrogen content in the water body is less than 0.2ppm, and the phosphorus content is less than 0.01 ppm.
The oxygen capacity monitoring module 5 is used for monitoring the actual dissolved oxygen amount of each parameter monitoring area in the river body in real time, and comparing the actual dissolved oxygen amount with the ideal dissolved oxygen required by organisms in real time, wherein the oxygen concentration in the river water body is related to the viability of the organisms in the water body.
The trace element monitoring module 7 is used for monitoring the actual concentration of nutrient salts in the river water in real time and comparing the concentration of the trace elements with the ideal concentration of the trace elements in the river in real time, and the concentration of the nutrient salts in the river water is related to the water quality pollution condition of the water.
Therefore, what is easily obtained by the biological quantity monitoring module 6, the oxygen capacity monitoring module 5 and the trace element monitoring module 7 is that when the precipitation is less and the water level is obviously reduced, the dissolved oxygen in the water body is reduced, and the dissolved oxygen in the water body can not supply the normal demand of the water body organisms, so that the river ecology is damaged.
Under the condition of more water-enriching periods, the growth requirements of river water organisms can be met as long as sufficient water quantity is ensured according to the self-recovery and self-cleaning capability of the river by controlling the input of trace elements.
Therefore, in the dry season, the water amount of the river determines the ecological balance of the river, under the ideal condition that the current biological quantity is unchanged, the intelligent terminal processing system 8 calculates the functional relation between the water depth of the river and the dissolved oxygen concentration and the trace element concentration respectively according to the data of the water depth comparison module 4, the oxygen capacity monitoring module 5 and the trace element monitoring module 6, and the specific steps are as follows:
the water depth comparison module 4 monitors the water depth of each parameter monitoring area in real time, sends the water depth data to the intelligent terminal processing system 8 at regular time, and the intelligent terminal processing system 8 roughly calculates the water capacity of each parameter monitoring area according to the volume and the water depth parameter of each parameter monitoring area.
The oxygen capacity monitoring module 5 samples river water bodies in different water depths, calculates the actual dissolved oxygen concentration in the river water bodies, and the trace element monitoring module 6 calculates the nutrient salt concentration in the river water bodies.
According to the data of different water capacities, actual dissolved oxygen concentration and nutrient salt concentration, the functional relation between the water depth and the actual dissolved oxygen and the functional relation between the water depth and the nutrient salt concentration are respectively obtained.
According to the above calculation process, the following is exemplified:
1. in the season with smaller precipitation, the water depth comparison module 4 monitors the water depth of each parameter monitoring area in real time;
2. when the water depth starts to gradually decrease, the oxygen capacity monitoring module 5 correspondingly tests the dissolved oxygen content in the water body once the water depth is detected by the water depth comparison module 4;
3. when the water depth comparison module 4 detects the water depth once, the trace element monitoring module 6 correspondingly detects the concentration of the nutritive salt in the water body once;
4. determining the water depth when the dissolved oxygen and the nutrient salt concentration reach the ecological balance limit according to the change curve of the water depth, the change curve of the dissolved oxygen and the change curve of the nutrient salt concentration;
5. and calculating the ecological water demand of the river in the dry season according to the corresponding relation between the water depth and the runoff of the river.
Monitoring data of the water depth comparison module 4 can be divided into normal water depth, insufficient water depth and degraded water depth ranges, and when the water depth of the water depth comparison module 4 is reduced to the insufficient water depth, the current water depth is not enough to meet the ecological water demand, and alarm processing is performed.
Therefore, as the third main characteristic point of the invention, when calculating the ecological water demand of the river in the dry season, under the ideal condition of keeping the biomass in the river unchanged, the invention calculates the water depth corresponding to the lowest dissolved oxygen required by the biomass, and the water depth corresponding to the maximum nutrient solution concentration inputted by the water body, and determines the lowest river flow required by the river in the dry season according to the relationship between the water depth and the river flow in each monitoring area, so that the river flow in the embodiment is in a dynamic balance state, and the obtained river in the dry season is used as an index for scheduling and maintaining the ecological balance of the river, thereby facilitating the ecological management of the river and ensuring the overall ecological balance of the river in the dry season and the rich season.
Compared with the Monama method in the prior art, the water demand calculation method can avoid the situations of insufficient water demand calculation in the rich water period and excessive water demand calculation in the dry water period.
In addition, the specific way of calculating the river runoff when the dissolved oxygen reaches the ecological balance limit is as follows: and comparing the actual detection value of the oxygen capacity monitoring module 4 with the ideal dissolved oxygen concentration of each parameter monitoring area in real time, and determining the ideal water depth of each parameter monitoring area according to the actual detection value of the oxygen capacity and the functional relation between the water capacity and the dissolved oxygen concentration.
Deducing river ecological water demand of each parameter monitoring area according to the ideal water depth, and selecting the maximum value of the river ecological water demand as a first standard river runoff.
The specific way of calculating the river runoff when the nutrient salt concentration reaches the ecological balance limit is as follows: and comparing the actual detection value of the trace element monitoring module (7) with the reasonable concentration of the nutrient salt in each parameter monitoring area in real time, and determining the ideal water depth of each parameter monitoring area according to the actual detection value of the trace element and the functional relation between the water capacity and the concentration of the nutrient salt.
And calculating the ecological water demand of the river in each parameter monitoring area, and selecting the maximum value of the ecological water demand of the river as the second standard river runoff.
And when the data of the first standard river runoff and the second standard river runoff are different, comparing the data sizes of the first standard river runoff and the second standard river runoff again, and selecting the maximum value as the final river runoff of the parameter monitoring area.
Therefore, as the fourth main characteristic point of the invention, the invention determines two standard river runoff quantities according to the limit values of the dissolved oxygen and the nutrient salt concentration, and preferentially selects the larger standard river runoff quantity of the two standard river runoff quantities as final data, thereby avoiding the conflict of the two standard river runoff quantities and improving the accuracy of water demand calculation.
Example 2
In addition, in order to specifically explain the information transmission processing process of the river ecological water demand system, as shown in fig. 2, the invention also provides an information transmission method of the river ecological water demand computing system, the existing river water demand computing mode is to use the whole river as a research object, the detection types of the river parameters are many, the data demand is large, and the data acquisition is difficult, but the invention divides the river into a plurality of parameter monitoring areas according to different geographic structures, which is equivalent to chop the river into a plurality of sections to respectively research the water demand index, and only when the water demand of each section of the river is normal, the water demand of the whole river can be ensured to be normal, so the operation of respectively detecting the river by dividing the river into different monitoring areas is reasonable and effective.
In addition, the river is divided into different monitoring areas, each monitoring area carries out independent information transmission, the data demand is small, and the data loss caused by long-distance data transmission can be avoided, so that the data detection real-time performance is good, the data detection quantity of each parameter monitoring area is small, the parameter change situation can be timely found, the water demand calculation control is effectively carried out, and the stability of a river ecosystem can be improved.
The method comprises the following steps: step 100, a river model is established, the river model is divided into a plurality of parameter monitoring areas according to the water depth, the river width and the flow velocity information of the river, and the average natural flow corresponding to the rich water period and the dry water period of each parameter monitoring area is calculated according to the perennial rainfall information.
And 200, calculating the standard river path flow of each parameter monitoring area in the dry water period and the rich water period by using a Monda method.
Step 300, collecting instant river channel runoff of the parameter monitoring areas at equal time intervals, receiving data by the intelligent terminal, calculating average river channel runoff of each parameter monitoring area in real time, collecting water depth parameters of each monitoring area in real time, and comparing water depth changes of each monitoring area by the intelligent terminal.
In step 300, the specific way of calculating the river ecological water demand in the rich water period is as follows: and (3) calculating the river flow of the river ecological water demand by using the Monama method only by taking the average natural flow in the rich water period as a base number.
Step 400, the intelligent terminal calculates the corresponding relation between the river runoff and the water depth of each monitoring area according to a plurality of simultaneous instant river runoff and water depth parameters.
Step 500, sampling the water body in the parameter monitoring area at regular time, detecting the number of microorganisms, the oxygen capacity and the concentration of trace elements in the water body, receiving detection data by the intelligent terminal, and comparing the data change of each parameter monitoring area.
And step 600, the intelligent terminal calculates the ecological water demand of each parameter monitoring area according to the water depth, the oxygen capacity and the concentration of the trace elements of each parameter monitoring area.
After the intelligent terminal receives real-time water depth parameters, instant river channel runoff data, microbial quantity, oxygen capacity and trace element concentration, average river channel runoff needs to be calculated, and the required data processing steps are as follows:
calculating a functional relation between the river channel runoff and the water depth parameter according to a plurality of simultaneously acquired water depth parameters and instant river channel runoff data;
according to the division volume of each parameter monitoring area and the water depth corresponding to the parameter monitoring area, roughly calculating the water capacity of each parameter monitoring area;
calculating the oxygen capacity required by the river according to the current microbial quantity, calculating the ideal water capacity of the parameter monitoring area by using the oxygen capacity, and reversely calculating the ecological ideal water depth of the river channel and the runoff of the first standard river channel according to the ideal water capacity;
calculating ideal trace element concentration in the river according to the current microbial quantity, calculating ideal water capacity of the parameter monitoring area by using the ideal trace element concentration, and reversely calculating the ecological ideal water depth of the river channel and the second standard river channel runoff according to the ideal water capacity;
and comparing the values of the first standard river runoff and the second standard river runoff, and selecting a larger value as the required river runoff of the parameter monitoring area.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A river ecological water demand calculation system is characterized by comprising a river subarea monitoring module (1), an average rainfall prediction module (2), a river runoff monitoring module (3), a water depth comparison module (4), an oxygen capacity monitoring module (5), a biomass monitoring module (6), a trace element monitoring module (7) and an intelligent terminal processing system (8);
the river subarea monitoring module (1) establishes a river structure model according to the depth of the bottom of a river, the length of the river and the width of the river in proportion, and divides the river model into a plurality of parameter monitoring areas;
the average rainfall prediction module (2) divides a rich period and a dry period of the average natural flow of the years according to the rainwater distribution condition of the years, and respectively counts the average natural flow of the years of the rich period and the average natural flow of the years of the dry period of each parameter monitoring area;
the river runoff monitoring module (3) is used for counting the average water quantity passing through the water cross section of each parameter monitoring area in unit time;
the water depth comparison module (4) is used for respectively detecting the water levels of different parameter monitoring areas, and each parameter monitoring area compares water level parameters in real time to determine the water level lifting condition of each parameter monitoring area;
the biological quantity monitoring module (6) is used for sampling and detecting the biological quantity of each parameter monitoring area and correspondingly calculating ideal dissolved oxygen and trace elements required by the biological quantity of each parameter monitoring area;
the oxygen capacity monitoring module (5) is used for monitoring the actual dissolved oxygen amount of each parameter monitoring area in the river body in real time and comparing the actual dissolved oxygen amount with the ideal dissolved oxygen required by organisms in real time;
the trace element monitoring module (7) is used for monitoring the actual concentration of nutrient salts in river water in real time and comparing the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium trace elements with the ideal concentration of the trace elements in the river in real time.
2. A river ecological water demand calculation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the river runoff monitoring module (1) calculates the real-time runoff passing through each parameter monitoring area at the water outlet of each parameter monitoring area, and during the period of rich water, the steps of determining the ecological water demand of the river through the river runoff monitoring module are as follows:
extracting data of the multi-year water abundance period in the average rainfall prediction module (2), and calculating the average natural flow of the multi-year water abundance period;
calculating the ecological water demand of the river in the rich water period by using a Monda method;
the river runoff monitoring module (1) acquires the average runoff of each parameter monitoring area at regular time, compares the average runoff with the river ecological water demand calculated by Monama method, and judges whether the current river runoff accords with the ecological water demand.
3. A river ecological water demand calculation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the dry season, the intelligent terminal processing system (8) matches and corresponds the water depth parameter measured in each parameter monitoring area with the instantaneous river runoff, determines the functional relation between the river runoff and the water depth data, and divides the monitoring data of the water depth comparison module into a normal water depth range, an insufficient water depth range and a degraded water depth range.
4. A river ecological water demand calculation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: wisdom terminal processing system (8) are according to the data of depth of water contrast module (4), oxygen capacity monitoring module (5) and microelement monitoring module (6), calculate the depth of water of river respectively with the functional relation of dissolved oxygen concentration, microelement concentration, and concrete step is:
the water depth comparison module (4) monitors the water depth of each parameter monitoring area in real time, and sends the water depth data to the intelligent terminal processing system (8) at regular time, and the intelligent terminal processing system (8) roughly calculates the water capacity of each parameter monitoring area according to the volume and the water depth parameter of each parameter monitoring area;
the oxygen capacity monitoring module (5) samples river water bodies with different water depths, calculates the actual dissolved oxygen concentration in the river water bodies, and the trace element monitoring module (6) calculates the nutrient salt concentration in the river water bodies;
according to the data of different water capacities, actual dissolved oxygen concentration and nutrient salt concentration, the functional relations between the water capacity and the actual dissolved oxygen, and between the water depth and the nutrient salt concentration are respectively obtained.
5. A river ecological water demand calculation system according to claim 1, wherein the biomass monitoring module (6) detects the biomass of each parameter monitoring area, and the required dissolved oxygen concentration and trace element concentration are determined by the following specific way:
sampling the water quality of each parameter monitoring area at regular time, detecting the concentration of microorganisms contained in the water quality, and judging the biomass number of the corresponding parameter monitoring area according to the concentration of the microorganisms;
calculating the ideal dissolved oxygen concentration required by supplying organisms in the river according to the number of the organisms in each parameter monitoring area;
and calculating the reasonable concentration of the nutrient salt in each parameter monitoring area according to the river water volume of each parameter monitoring area.
6. A river ecological water demand calculation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: real-time comparison is carried out on the actual detection value of the oxygen capacity monitoring module (4) and the ideal dissolved oxygen concentration of each parameter monitoring area, and the ideal water depth of each parameter monitoring area is determined according to the actual detection value of the oxygen capacity and the functional relation between the water capacity and the dissolved oxygen concentration; deducing river ecological water demand of each parameter monitoring area according to the ideal water depth, and selecting the maximum value of the river ecological water demand as a first standard river runoff.
7. A river ecological water demand calculation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: comparing the actual detection value of the trace element monitoring module (7) with the reasonable concentration of the nutrient salt in each parameter monitoring area in real time, and determining the ideal water depth of each parameter monitoring area according to the actual detection value of the trace element and the functional relation between the water capacity and the concentration of the nutrient salt; calculating the ecological water demand of the river in each parameter monitoring area, and selecting the maximum value of the ecological water demand of the river as a second standard river runoff; and comparing the data size of the first standard river runoff and the second standard river runoff again, and selecting the maximum value as the final river runoff of the parameter monitoring area.
8. An information transmission method of a river ecological water demand calculation system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 100, establishing a river model, dividing the river model into a plurality of parameter monitoring areas according to water depth, river width and flow velocity information of a river, and calculating average natural flow corresponding to a rich water period and a dry water period of each parameter monitoring area according to perennial rainfall information;
200, calculating the standard river runoff of each parameter monitoring area in a dry water period and a rich water period by using a Monda method;
300, acquiring instant river path flow of parameter monitoring areas at equal time intervals, receiving data by the intelligent terminal, calculating average river path flow of each parameter monitoring area in real time, acquiring water depth parameters of each monitoring area in real time, and comparing water depth changes of each monitoring area by the intelligent terminal;
step 400, the intelligent terminal calculates the corresponding relation between the river runoff and the water depth of each monitoring area according to a plurality of simultaneous instant river runoff and water depth parameters;
step 500, sampling the water body in the parameter monitoring area at regular time, detecting the number of microorganisms, the oxygen capacity and the concentration of trace elements in the water body, receiving detection data by an intelligent terminal, and comparing the data change of each parameter monitoring area;
and step 600, the intelligent terminal calculates the ecological water demand of each parameter monitoring area according to the water depth, the oxygen capacity and the concentration of the trace elements of each parameter monitoring area.
9. The information transmission method of the river ecological water demand calculation system according to claim 8, wherein: in step 300, the specific way of calculating the river ecological water demand in the rich water period is as follows: and (3) calculating the river flow of the river ecological water demand by using the Monama method only by taking the average natural flow in the rich water period as a base number.
10. The information transmission method of the river ecological water demand calculation system according to claim 8, wherein: after the intelligent terminal receives real-time water depth parameters, instant river channel runoff data, microbial quantity, oxygen capacity and trace element concentration, average river channel runoff needs to be calculated, and the required data processing steps are as follows:
calculating a functional relation between the river channel runoff and the water depth parameter according to a plurality of simultaneously acquired water depth parameters and instant river channel runoff data;
according to the division volume of each parameter monitoring area and the water depth corresponding to the parameter monitoring area, roughly calculating the water capacity of each parameter monitoring area;
calculating the oxygen capacity required by the river according to the current microbial quantity, calculating the ideal water capacity of the parameter monitoring area by using the oxygen capacity, and reversely calculating the ecological ideal water depth of the river channel and the runoff of the first standard river channel according to the ideal water capacity;
calculating ideal trace element concentration in the river according to the current microbial quantity, calculating ideal water capacity of the parameter monitoring area by using the ideal trace element concentration, and reversely calculating the ecological ideal water depth of the river channel and the second standard river channel runoff according to the ideal water capacity;
and comparing the values of the first standard river runoff and the second standard river runoff, and selecting a larger value as the required river runoff of the parameter monitoring area.
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