CN110584828A - Atomizing bronchus toxicant exposure device under bronchofiberscope guide - Google Patents
Atomizing bronchus toxicant exposure device under bronchofiberscope guide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110584828A CN110584828A CN201911048940.7A CN201911048940A CN110584828A CN 110584828 A CN110584828 A CN 110584828A CN 201911048940 A CN201911048940 A CN 201911048940A CN 110584828 A CN110584828 A CN 110584828A
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- Prior art keywords
- air inlet
- air
- bronchofiberscope
- liquid outlet
- filling bin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 210000000621 bronchi Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 11
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 7
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 206010073310 Occupational exposures Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000675 occupational exposure Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010014561 Emphysema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010037394 Pulmonary haemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000225 lethality Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 201000005202 lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000020816 lung neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001165 lymph node Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000005069 pulmonary fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000023504 respiratory system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
- A61D7/00—Devices or methods for introducing solid, liquid, or gaseous remedies or other materials into or onto the bodies of animals
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a bronchofiberscope guided lower spray type bronchus toxicant exposure device, which comprises a filling bin, an electric pressure pump and an atomizing nozzle, the top of the filling bin is provided with an air inlet nozzle, a one-way air inlet valve is arranged at the communication part of the filling bin and the air inlet nozzle, the end part of the air inlet nozzle is connected with an air inlet pipe, the joint of the air inlet pipe and the air inlet nozzle is provided with an air nozzle joint, one end of the air inlet pipe, which is far away from the air inlet nozzle, is connected with an electric pressure pump, the bottom of the filling bin is provided with a liquid outlet, the liquid outlet is provided with a control valve for controlling the opening and closing of the liquid outlet, the end part of the liquid outlet is connected with a conduit, a catheter joint is arranged at the joint of the catheter and the liquid outlet, a poison filtering ring is arranged on the catheter in a penetrating way, the pipe is kept away from liquid outlet one end is connected with atomizing nozzle, the poison filtering ring is used for providing air for the subject and filtering the gas after the subject exhales.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of radioactive contamination, in particular to a spray type bronchus contamination device guided by a bronchofiberscope.
Background
Nuclear threats are one of the biggest threats facing the world today, nuclear weapons have massive lethality and are complex in injuring factors. After nuclear bomb explosion, a large amount of radionuclide aerosol particles with aerodynamic equivalent less than 5um are formed instantly through high-temperature reaction, the inhalation through respiratory tract is a main way of nuclear exposure, and the inhaled radionuclide aerosol, especially insoluble radionuclide particles, stay in lung tissues and nearby lymph nodes for a long time, can cause relevant respiratory system diseases such as pulmonary hemorrhage, pulmonary emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis, and even induce lung cancer.
At present, research data about damage and protection after respiratory system nuclear exposure mainly come from simulation inhalation of a depleted uranium aerosol contaminated animal model, and manufacturing methods such as powder contamination by air bag blowing, suspension contamination by injection of an injector, suspension contamination by positive pressure injection and the like are generally adopted in manufacturing of the contaminated animal model.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a spray type bronchus toxicant exposure device under the guidance of a bronchofiberscope, which aims to solve the problems of difficult control of the dosage of depleted uranium powder, non-continuous toxicant exposure process, high occupational exposure risk of experimenters and the like of the conventional toxicant exposure device.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a bronchofiberscope guided lower spray type bronchus toxicant exposure device, which comprises a filling bin, an electric pressure pump and an atomizing nozzle, the top of the filling bin is provided with an air inlet nozzle, a one-way air inlet valve is arranged at the communication part of the air inlet nozzle and the filling bin, the end part of the air inlet nozzle is connected with an air inlet pipe, the joint of the air inlet pipe and the air inlet nozzle is provided with an air nozzle joint, one end of the air inlet pipe, which is far away from the air inlet nozzle, is connected with an electric pressure pump, the bottom of the filling bin is provided with a liquid outlet, the liquid outlet is provided with a control valve for controlling the opening and closing of the liquid outlet, the end part of the liquid outlet is connected with a conduit, a catheter joint is arranged at the joint of the catheter and the liquid outlet, a poison filtering ring is arranged on the catheter in a penetrating way, the pipe is kept away from liquid outlet one end is connected with atomizing nozzle, the poison filtering ring is used for providing air for the subject and filtering the gas after the subject exhales.
Furthermore, an air inlet hole and an air outlet hole are formed in the upper side wall of the toxin filtering ring, an outer wall one-way movable flap and an inner wall one-way movable flap are arranged on the lower side wall of the toxin filtering ring, an air passage is formed in the toxin filtering ring, an activated carbon column is filled in the air passage, air enters the air passage from the air inlet hole and then is discharged into the tested object through the outer wall one-way movable flap to be inhaled, and air exhaled by the tested object enters the air passage from the inner wall one-way movable flap and then is discharged from the air outlet hole after being filtered through the activated carbon column.
Furthermore, the poison filtering ring is a hollow cylinder, the two ends of the activated carbon column are provided with a screen plate for fixing the activated carbon column, a partition plate is arranged in the air passage, and the outer wall unidirectional movable flap and the inner wall unidirectional movable flap are distributed on the two sides of the partition plate.
Furthermore, a pressure reducing valve is arranged at the top of the filling bin.
Furthermore, the top of the loading bin is provided with a sample adding port.
Furthermore, a pressure gauge is arranged at the top of the filling bin.
Furthermore, a suspension rope is arranged at the top of the loading bin.
Furthermore, the loading bin is made of transparent materials, and scales are marked on the surface of the loading bin.
Furthermore, the length of the conduit is 40 cm-50 cm, and the diameter of the conduit is 4 mm-5 mm.
The invention relates to a bronchofiberscope-guided spray type bronchial toxicant exposure device, wherein depleted uranium suspension is injected into a filling bin through a sample injection port at the top of the filling bin, a control valve is closed when the depleted uranium suspension is filled in a guide tube, the filling bin is pressurized by an electric pressurizing pump, so that the pressure in the filling bin reaches the lowest atomization pressure and keeps constant, the guide tube provided with an atomizing nozzle is fixed after the guide tube is guided by an ultrafine fiberbronchofiberscope to enter the opening of the guide tube at the side to be infected through one side of a double-cavity bronchial cannula, a toxin filtering ring slides downwards to the outer opening of the tracheal tube and is well connected and sealed, the initial scale of the liquid level of the suspension in the filling bin is recorded, the control valve is opened to carry out continuous dynamic spray toxicant exposure, the liquid level of the suspension in the filling bin is lowered to a preset position, the control valve is closed, the toxin filtering ring is pulled out from the outer opening of the tracheal. The suspension is atomized and then continuously sprayed into the lung, so that the suspension can more easily enter the deep part of the lung and be uniformly distributed, the characteristic of continuous dynamic contamination under a battlefield environment is better met, the atomizing nozzle is guided and positioned by the fiberbronchoscope, the contamination range is more accurate, a small amount of depleted uranium particles in exhaled air can be prevented from being dispersed into the air by using the toxicity filtering ring, the occupational exposure risk of experimenters is reduced, and the situation of continuous dynamic aerosol inhalation under the war condition can be truly simulated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a bronchofiberscope-guided spray-type bronchial toxicant exposure apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structure diagram of an air inlet hole and an air outlet hole on the upper side wall of the poison filtering ring.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a disinfection ring.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view a-a of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the bronchofiberscope guided spray type bronchus toxicant exposure device comprises a filling bin 1, an electric pressurizing pump 2 and an atomizing nozzle 3, wherein the filling bin 1 is made of transparent materials, and scales 25 are marked on the surface of the filling bin 1, so that the atomized dose of the depleted uranium suspension in the filling bin 1 can be observed and controlled conveniently.
The top in storehouse 1 is equipped with inlet nozzle 4, inlet nozzle 4 with 1 intercommunication department in storehouse is filled and is equipped with one-way air inlet valve 5, and the air is through 4 one-way air inlet valve 5 entering into in the storehouse 1 of filling of inlet nozzle, and can only circulate in the storehouse 1 of filling by inlet nozzle 4, and can not discharge through inlet nozzle 4, 4 end connection of inlet nozzle have an intake pipe 6, inlet nozzle 4 with the intake pipe 6 junction is equipped with air cock joint 7, intake pipe 6 is kept away from 4 one end of inlet nozzle is connected with electronic force (forcing) pump 2 for pressurize the storehouse 1 of filling, and electronic force (forcing) pump 2 of toxicant exposure in-process lasts to the storehouse 1 carried air of filling in order to guarantee that the storehouse 1 internal pressure is invariable, keeps the stability of toxicant exposure process.
The 1 top in storehouse is equipped with sample port 22 for inject lean uranium suspension in to the storehouse of filling 1, 1 bottom in storehouse of filling is equipped with liquid outlet 8, be equipped with control on liquid outlet 8 the control valve 9 that liquid outlet 8 was opened and was closed, 8 end connection on the liquid outlet has pipe 10, pipe 10 length is 40cm ~ 50cm, and the diameter is 4mm ~ 5mm, ensures to pass through two-chamber bronchus pipe simultaneously with superfine fiber bronchoscope and reachs the experimental object lung, pipe 10 with the liquid outlet 8 junction is equipped with pipe joint 11, wear to be equipped with on the pipe 10 and strain poison ring 12 for provide the gas and filter the gas after the experimental object exhales for the experimental object, reduce the experimenter occupational exposure risk when preventing the gas of exhaling to take out a small amount of lean uranium particle contaminated air, pipe 10 keeps away from 8 one end of liquid outlet is connected with atomizing nozzle 3, the spraying device is used for spraying the depleted uranium suspension after atomizing, so that the depleted uranium suspension can be easily inhaled into the deep part of the lung and uniformly distributed in the lung.
The top of the filling bin 1 is provided with a pressure reducing valve 21 and a pressure gauge 23 for monitoring the pressure condition in the filling bin 1 in the contamination process in real time, when the pressure in the filling bin 1 is too low, the output flow of the electric pressure pump 2 is increased to increase the pressure in the filling bin 1, when the pressure in the filling bin 1 is too high, the pressure reducing valve 21 at the top of the filling bin 1 is opened to reduce the pressure in the filling bin 1, so that the atomization stability is ensured, the experiment safety is improved, and the top of the filling bin 1 is also provided with a suspension rope 24 for suspending the filling bin 1.
As shown in fig. 2-4, the bronchofiberscope-guided spray-type bronchial toxicant exposure device further comprises a toxicity filtering ring 12, wherein the toxicity filtering ring 12 is arranged on the catheter 10 in a penetrating manner, the toxicity filtering ring 12 is a hollow cylinder, an upper opening of the toxicity filtering ring 12 slides on the catheter 10, and a lower opening of the toxicity filtering ring is tightly connected with an external opening of the planned infection side of the double-lumen bronchial catheter, so that a closed space is formed between the lower side wall of the toxicity filtering ring 12 and the interior of the lung of the experimental object.
The upper side wall of the poison filtering ring 12 is provided with an air inlet hole 17 and an air outlet hole 18, the lower side wall is provided with an outer wall one-way movable flap 19 and an inner wall one-way movable flap 20, the outer wall one-way movable flap 19 can only move outwards, the inner wall one-way movable flap 20 can only move inwards, when the air is sucked, the lower side wall outer wall one-way movable flap 19 is opened, the lower side wall inner wall one-way movable flap 20 is closed, air enters the poison filtering ring 12 through the upper side wall air inlet hole 17 and then enters the lung through the lower side wall outer wall one-way movable flap 19, when the air is exhaled, the lower side wall inner wall one-way movable flap 20 is opened, the lower side wall outer wall one-way movable flap 19 is closed, and the air in the lung enters the poison filtering ring 12 through the lower side wall one-way movable flap 20 and then is exhaled through the upper.
The air flue 14 is arranged in the toxin filtering ring 12, the air flue 14 is filled with an activated carbon column 13 and used for filtering air exhaled by an experimental object, two ends of the activated carbon column 13 are provided with screen plates 15 and used for fixing the activated carbon column 13 in the air flue 14, a partition plate 16 is further arranged in the air flue 14, an outer wall one-way movable flap 19 and an inner wall one-way movable flap 20 are distributed on two sides of the partition plate 16, the partition plate 16 is used for partitioning the air flue 14, so that the air can only flow in one way after entering the air flue 14, the air is guaranteed to be exhausted into the experimental object from the air flue 14 through the outer wall one-way movable flap 19 and inhaled, and the air exhaled by the experimental object enters the air flue 14 through the inner wall one-way movable flap 20 and is exhausted from the air outlet 18 after being filtered by the activated carbon column 13.
Specifically, before contamination, pre-prepared depleted uranium suspension is injected into a filling bin 1 through a sample injection port 22, then a control valve 9 is opened, the control valve 9 is closed after the guide pipe 10 is filled with the depleted uranium suspension, the initial scale of the liquid level of the depleted uranium suspension in the filling bin 1 is recorded, an electric pressure pump 2 is opened, the filling bin 1 is pressurized to the minimum pressure capable of atomization through a one-way air inlet valve 5 through an air inlet pipe 6, then the guide pipe 10 is guided by an ultrafine fiber bronchoscope to enter a side to be contaminated through one side of a double-cavity bronchial cannula, the guide pipe 10 is fixed after an atomizing nozzle 3 reaches a specified position, a poison filtering ring 12 slides downwards to the outer port of the double-cavity bronchial tube and is well connected and sealed, a sealed space is formed between the lower side wall of the poison filtering ring 12 and the interior of a lung of an experimental object, the control valve 9 is opened to start contamination, the electric pressure pump 2 continuously conveys gas to the filling bin 1 during contamination, and observe manometer 23, guarantee that the pressure in the storehouse of filling 1 keeps stable, observe the condition that the poor uranium suspension page in the storehouse of filling 1 descends, when the page descends to appointed position, close control valve 9, pull out and strain poison ring 12, pull out pipe 10, the mold of infecting poison is accomplished.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings can be directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, and are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a atomizing bronchus toxicant exposure device under bronchofiberscope guide, includes filling storehouse (1), electronic force (forcing) pump (2) and atomizing nozzle (3), its characterized in that: the filling device is characterized in that an air inlet nozzle (4) is arranged at the top of the filling bin (1), an one-way air inlet flap (5) is arranged at the communication position of the air inlet nozzle (4) and the filling bin (1), an air inlet pipe (6) is connected to the end of the air inlet nozzle (4), an air nozzle joint (7) is arranged at the connection position of the air inlet pipe (6) and the air inlet nozzle (4), an electric pressure pump (2) is connected to one end of the air inlet nozzle (4) far away from the air inlet nozzle (6), a liquid outlet (8) is arranged at the bottom of the filling bin (1), a control valve (9) for controlling the opening and closing of the liquid outlet (8) is arranged on the liquid outlet (8), a guide pipe (10) is connected to the end of the liquid outlet (8), a guide pipe joint (11) is arranged at the connection position of the guide pipe (10) and the liquid outlet (8), a poison filtering ring (12) is arranged, the poison filtering ring (12) is used for providing air for the experimental subject and filtering gas exhaled by the experimental subject.
2. A bronchofiberscope-guided aerosol-type bronchial toxicant exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the side wall is equipped with inlet port (17) and venthole (18) on straining poison ring (12), and the lower lateral wall is equipped with the one-way movable flap of outer wall (19) and the one-way movable flap of inner wall (20), be equipped with air flue (14) in straining poison ring (12), air flue (14) intussuseption is filled with activated carbon column (13), and the air is followed inlet port (17) gets into behind air flue (14) the one-way movable flap of outer wall (19) is discharged and is inhaled by the subject, and the gas of subject's exhalation is followed the one-way movable flap of inner wall (20) gets into air flue (14), passes through activated carbon column (13) are filtered the back and are followed venthole (18) discharge.
3. A bronchofiberscope-guided aerosol-type bronchial toxicant exposure apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the poison filtering ring (12) is a hollow cylinder, the two ends of the activated carbon column (13) are provided with mesh plates (15) for fixing the activated carbon column (13), a partition plate (16) is arranged in the air passage (14), and the outer wall unidirectional movable valve (19) and the inner wall unidirectional movable valve (20) are distributed on the two sides of the partition plate (16).
4. A bronchofiberscope-guided aerosol-type bronchial toxicant exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: and a pressure reducing valve (21) is arranged at the top of the filling bin (1).
5. A bronchofiberscope-guided aerosol-type bronchial toxicant exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the top of the loading bin (1) is provided with a loading port (22).
6. A bronchofiberscope-guided aerosol-type bronchial toxicant exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: and a pressure gauge (23) is arranged at the top of the filling bin (1).
7. A bronchofiberscope-guided aerosol-type bronchial toxicant exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the top of the filling bin (1) is provided with a suspension rope (24).
8. A bronchofiberscope-guided aerosol-type bronchial toxicant exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the filling bin (1) is made of transparent materials, and scales (25) are marked on the surface of the filling bin.
9. A bronchofiberscope-guided aerosol-type bronchial toxicant exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the length of the conduit (10) is 40 cm-50 cm, and the diameter is 4 mm-5 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911048940.7A CN110584828A (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Atomizing bronchus toxicant exposure device under bronchofiberscope guide |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911048940.7A CN110584828A (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Atomizing bronchus toxicant exposure device under bronchofiberscope guide |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110584828A true CN110584828A (en) | 2019-12-20 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911048940.7A Pending CN110584828A (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Atomizing bronchus toxicant exposure device under bronchofiberscope guide |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN110584828A (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4510929A (en) * | 1982-04-30 | 1985-04-16 | Bordoni Maurice E | Disposable radioactive aerosol inhalation apparatus |
| CN107753144A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2018-03-06 | 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所 | Hand-held liquid aerosol lung delivery apparatus |
| CN110215309A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-09-10 | 上海化工研究院有限公司 | A kind of lift selection partial size atomized medicine introducing device |
| CN211094978U (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-07-28 | 中国人民解放军陆军军医大学第一附属医院 | Atomizing bronchus toxicant exposure device under bronchofiberscope guide |
-
2019
- 2019-10-31 CN CN201911048940.7A patent/CN110584828A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4510929A (en) * | 1982-04-30 | 1985-04-16 | Bordoni Maurice E | Disposable radioactive aerosol inhalation apparatus |
| CN107753144A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2018-03-06 | 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所 | Hand-held liquid aerosol lung delivery apparatus |
| CN110215309A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-09-10 | 上海化工研究院有限公司 | A kind of lift selection partial size atomized medicine introducing device |
| CN211094978U (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-07-28 | 中国人民解放军陆军军医大学第一附属医院 | Atomizing bronchus toxicant exposure device under bronchofiberscope guide |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 张江石等: "《粉尘防治理论与方法》", 煤炭工业出版社, pages: 43 * |
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