CN110583542B - Industrial eel breeding method - Google Patents
Industrial eel breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110583542B CN110583542B CN201911032493.6A CN201911032493A CN110583542B CN 110583542 B CN110583542 B CN 110583542B CN 201911032493 A CN201911032493 A CN 201911032493A CN 110583542 B CN110583542 B CN 110583542B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/90—Sorting, grading, counting or marking live aquatic animals, e.g. sex determination
- A01K61/95—Sorting, grading, counting or marking live aquatic animals, e.g. sex determination specially adapted for fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses an eel industrial culture method, relates to the technical field of fish culture, solves the problems of longer eel culture period, higher culture cost, lower acre yield and the like in the prior art, and has the technical scheme key points that: through the three-stage eel forming pool, the two-stage eel forming pool, the one-stage eel forming pool and the fall ramp which are distributed in a fall difference manner, individual superscript eels in the lower eel forming pool can reversely flow into the upper eel forming pool along the fall ramp, the eel can be flexibly cultured in a grading manner, and the culture period of the eel is shortened; the self-circulation system can discharge and purify the bottom sewage in each adult eel pond for recycling, thereby not only reducing the waste of water resources, but also prolonging the water quality replacement period and reducing the cost of manpower and material resources; the eel enters the upper-level eel forming pond in a countercurrent manner, so that part of the eel can break through the food quantity limitation, and the per mu yield of the eel culture is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fish culture, in particular to an industrial eel culture method.
Background
Eel, another name: eel, white eel, steamed bread, Japanese eel. Eel is a generic term for species belonging to the order anguillales. Also called eel, is a fish with the appearance similar to long-strip snakelike shape and has the basic characteristics of fish. Furthermore, eel has migration characteristics similar to salmon. Eel fishes are similar to snakes but have no scales and are generally produced in salt and fresh water boundary sea areas. Eel is mainly distributed in Yangtze river, Minjiang river, Zhujiang river basin, Hainan island and rivers and lakes in China. Eel spawns and breeds in deep sea and grows in fresh water environment. The sexual feeling is violent, the appetite is greedy, the movement is good, the daytime and night appear, the trend of optical rotation is strong, and the people like running water and warm.
At present, the eel breeding in China is mainly divided into two stages of eel breeding and eel fry breeding. (1) Breeding eel seeds: the process is that white fry eel with the weight of 0.1-0.2 g is bred to small fry eel with the weight of 10-20 g, most eel seeds can be bred into edible eel (150-200 g/tail) in the next year. The breeding of eel fry into eel variety is generally carried out in three stages. The stocking specification and density of each eel pond are respectively as follows: 0.2-0.3 kg of eel fries of 0.1-0.2 g are put in the first-level pond per square meter; 0.3-2 g of eel fries per square meter of the second-level pool is put in the second-level pool, and 0.3-1 kg of eel fries per square meter of the second-level pool is put in the second-level pool; 0.5-2 kg of eel seeds with 2-20 g per square meter are stocked in the third-level pond. (2) Eel fry breeding: the commercial eel production process comprises the step of culturing eels with the weight of more than 20g into commercial eels with the weight of 150-200 g. The adult eel breeding has two forms of special breeding and mixed breeding. Special culture in a pond: the method is to singly culture the eels in the pond with high density, and the yield per mu of the open pond is over 1000 kg generally. The individual size difference of the eel fries is large due to different food competing abilities among individuals in the breeding process, so the eel fries with different specifications are separately cultured every 30 days, the food is stopped for one day before the separate culture, and the growth period of the eel fry culture is generally three months. Because the individual eel seedlings are still small, the first several times of separate breeding can be carried out by catching the eel under the feeding table by using a dense-eye fishing sea, and the healthy and strong seedlings which are fed on the feeding table firstly are preferentially separated; later, as the individual grows up, the Guangdong fish sieve or the knotless net with different meshes can be used for sorting. In addition, because the eel has high requirement on water quality, not only each pool requires to separate a water injection system and a water drainage system, but also the water in the whole eel pool must be replaced by new water regularly, and the replacement is generally carried out once in 5 to 7 days. Otherwise, the eel can be seriously dead due to self pollution caused by eel feces and death of a large amount of microcystis.
In conclusion, the prior eel breeding technology has the following defects: 1. the individual size difference is large due to different food-fighting capacities among individuals, and the growth of part of eels is limited by the regular separate culture, so that the eel culture period is long; 2. fresh water is replaced once in 5-7 days, so that a large amount of water resources are wasted, and the eel culture cost is high; 3. the per mu yield of the eels is low due to the limitation of the regular separate culture time and the size of the culture pond.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an eel industrial culture method, which has the effects of shortening the culture period of eels, reducing the waste of water resources, prolonging the water quality replacement period, reducing the cost of manpower and material resources and increasing the per mu yield of eel culture.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: an industrial eel breeding method comprises the following steps:
s1: construction of an aquaculture pond
Selecting a cultivation field with ventilation and exposed to the sun and sufficient water source, digging a water injection pool, an eel fry pool, a three-stage eel pond, a two-stage eel pond and a one-stage eel pond which are distributed in a falling difference manner in the cultivation field, and trowelling the pool wall and the pool bottom by using cement; the water injection pool is communicated with the third-stage eel forming pool through an overflow pipe;
constructing a fall ramp between adjacent eel pools, enabling water in the culture pool to sequentially flow through a third eel pool, a second eel pool and a first eel pool through the fall ramp, and paving cobblestones with the maximum size of 5 or 8cm on the fall ramp;
intercepting nets for preventing eel from flowing down are uniformly arranged at the connecting positions of the third-level eel pond, the second-level eel pond and the top end of the fall ramp, the diameter of the intercepting net holes corresponding to the second-level eel pond is 2-3cm, and the diameter of the intercepting net holes corresponding to the third-level eel pond is 4-5 cm;
s2: water injection and drainage control
Planting aquatic plants for increasing oxygen and degrading dirt in the water injection pool, and adding water into the water injection pool through a water injection system at a speed of injecting fresh water with a volume of 15-20% of that of the water injection pool every day, wherein the water injection temperature is 25-26 ℃;
s3: eel seed throwing
350-450g/m for the first time3Feeding 0.5-1.0 g/tail of eel fry into the eel fry pond, and feeding the eel fry with feed at 4 am and 8 pm respectively; after breeding eel fry for 10 days, fishing 15g to obtainBreeding the upper/tail eel fry to a first-stage eel forming pond at a concentration of 100-3The stocking density of the eel fries is subjected to first seedling supplementing in an eel fry pool; after breeding eel fry for 10 days, fishing over 15 g/tail eel fry, and collecting at a ratio of 50-100g/m3The breeding density of the eel fries is supplemented for the second time in the eel fry pond, and the eel fries are all caught after growing to the catching standard;
the eel in the lower eel pond flows back to the upper eel pond along the fall ramp in the growth process; after the eels in the first-level adult eel pond are raised for 30 days, fishing the eels with the concentration of more than 60 g/tail and then stocking in a second-level adult eel pond; after the eels in the second-level adult eel pond are bred for 25 days, fishing the eels with the volume of more than 150 g/tail and then breeding the eels in the third-level adult eel pond; after the eels in the three-level adult eel pond are raised for 20 days, fishing the eels with the product of more than 250g per tail;
s4: eel breeding feed
Building raising platforms on the three-level eel forming pond and the two fall slopes, building a shed on the raising platforms, and arranging the raising platforms of the fall slopes at intervals along the slope length direction of the fall slopes;
when the feed is raised, the mixed feed is fed in an adult eel pond, the corresponding raising platform is used for feeding meat feed, and the weight ratio of the mixed feed to the meat feed is 6: 4; the total amount ratio of the feed fed in the third-stage eel pool, the second-stage eel pool and the first-stage eel pool is 7:5: 3;
s5: daily disinfection
Adding 20g/m of water into a water injection pool at intervals of 5-7 days3The salt of (1).
Preferably, the slope length of a fall slope between the primary eel forming pond and the secondary eel forming pond is 3-5m, and the height fall is 0.3-0.5 m; the slope length of the fall ramp between the secondary eel pond and the tertiary eel pond is 3-5m, and the height fall is 0.6-0.8 m.
Preferably, in S2, the water injection system includes a self-circulation system and an external injection system connected to a water source;
self-circulation system: building the bottom of a third-stage eel pond, a second-stage eel pond and a first-stage eel pond into a concave pond bottom, arranging a water outlet at the lowest part of the concave pond bottom, and arranging a hemispherical filter screen on a water outlet cover, wherein the water outlet is communicated with a water injection pond through a water pump;
when the water pump pumps the bottom sewage in the adult eel pool to the water injection pool, the external injection system is closed, and sodium thiosulfate is added into the water injection pool to purify the water quality; the pumping speeds of the three water pumps are the same and are one third of the pumping speed of the water injection system for injecting new water into the water injection pool;
the external injection system is started for 12 to 15 days, and the water in the water injection pool, the third-level eel pool, the second-level eel pool and the first-level eel pool is completely replaced.
Preferably, the occupation area ratio of the third-stage eel forming pool, the second-stage eel forming pool and the first-stage eel forming pool is 2:3: 5.
Preferably, the compound feed is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30-40% of flour, 25-30% of corn flour, 3-5% of alpha-starch, 1-2% of yeast powder, 18-20% of edible fungi, 2-3% of monocalcium phosphate, 1-2% of vitamin A, 1-2% of vitamin B, 1-2% of vitamin C, 4-6% of liquorice and 3-4% of fish oil.
Preferably, the meat feed is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-45% of poultry viscera, 5-10% of herring, 10-15% of raw duck eggs, 3-4% of earthworm powder, 25-30% of flour, 1-2% of silkworm chrysalis, 20-24% of white streak fish meal, 1-2% of lysine and 1-2% of yeast powder.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the individual superscript eels in the lower-level eel pool can reversely flow into the upper-level eel pool along the fall ramp, so that the eel can be flexibly cultured in a grading way, and the culture period of the eel is shortened; the self-circulation system can discharge and purify the bottom sewage in each adult eel pond for recycling, thereby not only reducing the waste of water resources, but also prolonging the water quality replacement period and reducing the cost of manpower and material resources; meanwhile, the height setting of the fall ramp and the water flow rate change of the fall ramp can adapt to the individual change of eels in the eel pond, thereby achieving the purpose of screening qualified eels; the eel enters the upper-level eel forming pond in a countercurrent manner, so that part of the eel can break through the food quantity limitation, and the per mu yield of the eel culture is increased.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments.
Example (b): an industrial eel breeding method comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing a culture pond.
Selecting a cultivation field with ventilation and exposed to the sun and sufficient water source, digging a water injection pool, an eel fry pool, a three-stage eel pond, a two-stage eel pond and a one-stage eel pond which are distributed in a falling difference manner in the cultivation field, and trowelling the pool wall and the pool bottom by using cement. The water injection pool is communicated with the third-stage eel forming pool through an overflow pipe. The occupied area ratio of the third-stage eel pond, the second-stage eel pond and the first-stage eel pond is 2:3: 5.
And constructing a fall ramp between adjacent eel forming ponds, enabling the water in the culture pond to sequentially flow through the three-stage eel forming pond, the two-stage eel forming pond and the first-stage eel forming pond through the fall ramp, and paving cobblestones with the maximum size of 5 or 8cm on the fall ramp. The slope length of the fall ramp between the primary eel pool and the secondary eel pool is 3-5m, and the height fall is 0.3-0.5 m. The slope length of the fall gradient between the secondary eel pond and the tertiary eel pond is 3-5m, and the height fall is 0.6-0.8 m.
Intercepting nets for preventing eel from flowing down are uniformly arranged at the connecting positions of the third-level eel forming pond, the second-level eel forming pond and the top end of the fall ramp, the diameter of the intercepting net holes corresponding to the second-level eel forming pond is 2-3cm, and the diameter of the intercepting net holes corresponding to the third-level eel forming pond is 4-5 cm.
And step two, controlling water injection and drainage.
Aquatic plants for increasing oxygen and degrading dirt are planted in the water injection pool, and water is injected into the water injection pool through a water injection system at a speed of 15-20% of the volume of fresh water per day, wherein the water injection temperature is 25-26 ℃.
The water injection system comprises a self-circulation system and an external injection system connected with a water source. Self-circulation system: building the pond bottom of the three-stage eel pond, the pond bottom of the two-stage eel pond and the pond bottom of the first-stage eel pond into a concave pond bottom, arranging a water outlet at the lowest part of the concave pond bottom, arranging a hemispherical filter screen on a water outlet cover, and communicating the water outlet with the water injection pond through a water pump. When the water pump pumps the bottom sewage in the adult eel pool to the water injection pool, the external injection system is closed, and sodium thiosulfate is added into the water injection pool to purify the water quality. The pumping speeds of the three water pumps are the same, and one third of the new water is injected into the water injection pool by the water injection system. The external injection system is started for 12 to 15 days, and the water in the water injection pool, the third-level eel pool, the second-level eel pool and the first-level eel pool is completely replaced.
And step three, putting eel seeds.
350-450g/m for the first time3The breeding density of the eel fries is 0.5-1.0 g/tail of the eel fries in the eel fry pool, and the eel fries are fed with feed at 4 am and 8 pm respectively. After breeding eel fries for 10 days, fishing more than 15 g/tail eel fries, stocking the eel fries to a primary eel forming pond, and breeding at the concentration of 100-3The first seedling supplementing is carried out in the eel seedling pool according to the stocking density. After breeding eel fry for 10 days, fishing over 15 g/tail eel fry, and collecting at a ratio of 50-100g/m3The breeding density of the eel fries is supplemented for the second time in the eel fry pond, and the eel fries are all caught after growing to the catching standard.
The eel in the lower eel pond flows back to the upper eel pond along the fall ramp in the growth process. After the eels in the first-level adult eel pond are raised for 30 days, the eels with the concentration of more than 60 g/tail are fished and then are put into the second-level adult eel pond. After the eels in the second-level adult eel pond are bred for 25 days, the eels with the concentration of more than 150 g/tail are fished and then are put into the third-level adult eel pond. After the eels in the three-level adult eel pond are raised for 20 days, the eels with the product of more than 250g per tail are caught.
Step four, feeding the eel seeds.
And (3) building raising platforms on the three-stage eel forming pond and the two fall slopes, and building pergola on the raising platforms, wherein the raising platforms of the fall slopes are arranged at intervals along the slope length direction of the fall slopes.
When the feed is raised, the mixed feed is fed in an adult eel pond, the corresponding raising platform is used for feeding meat feed, and the weight ratio of the mixed feed to the meat feed is 6: 4. the total amount of feed fed in the third-stage eel pond, the second-stage eel pond and the first-stage eel pond is 7:5:3 per day.
The compound feed is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30-40% of flour, 25-30% of corn flour, 3-5% of alpha-starch, 1-2% of yeast powder, 18-20% of edible fungi, 2-3% of monocalcium phosphate, 1-2% of vitamin A, 1-2% of vitamin B, 1-2% of vitamin C, 4-6% of liquorice and 3-4% of fish oil.
The meat feed is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-45% of poultry viscera, 5-10% of herring, 10-15% of raw duck eggs, 3-4% of earthworm powder, 25-30% of flour, 1-2% of silkworm chrysalis, 20-24% of white streak fish meal, 1-2% of lysine and 1-2% of yeast powder.
And fifthly, daily disinfection.
Adding 20g/m of water into a water injection pool at intervals of 5-7 days3The salt of (1).
And (4) experimental conclusion: two batches of eel fries are cultured according to the method and the prior art, and the following results are obtained:
the existing adult eel is cultivated by 150-; the method can culture adult eel in a growth period of 75 days, the growth period of 250 g/tail is 90 days, the yield per mu is 1500 kg, and the water consumption is 61.5% of that of the existing adult eel culture.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An industrial eel breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: construction of an aquaculture pond
Selecting a cultivation field with ventilation and exposed to the sun and sufficient water source, digging a water injection pool, an eel fry pool, a three-stage eel pond, a two-stage eel pond and a one-stage eel pond which are distributed in a falling difference manner in the cultivation field, and trowelling the pool wall and the pool bottom by using cement; the water injection pool is communicated with the third-stage eel forming pool through an overflow pipe;
constructing a fall ramp between adjacent eel pools, enabling water in the culture pool to sequentially flow through a third eel pool, a second eel pool and a first eel pool through the fall ramp, and paving cobblestones with the maximum size of 5 or 8cm on the fall ramp;
intercepting nets for preventing eel from flowing down are uniformly arranged at the connecting positions of the third-level eel pond, the second-level eel pond and the top end of the fall ramp, the diameter of the intercepting net holes corresponding to the second-level eel pond is 2-3cm, and the diameter of the intercepting net holes corresponding to the third-level eel pond is 4-5 cm;
s2: water injection and drainage control
Planting aquatic plants for increasing oxygen and degrading dirt in the water injection pool, and adding water into the water injection pool through a water injection system at a speed of injecting fresh water with a volume of 15-20% of that of the water injection pool every day, wherein the water injection temperature is 25-26 ℃;
s3: eel seed throwing
350-450g/m for the first time3Feeding 0.5-1.0 g/tail of eel fry into the eel fry pond, and feeding the eel fry with feed at 4 am and 8 pm respectively; after breeding eel fries for 10 days, fishing more than 15 g/tail eel fries, stocking the eel fries to a primary eel forming pond, and breeding at the concentration of 100-3The stocking density of the eel fries is subjected to first seedling supplementing in an eel fry pool; after breeding eel fry for 10 days, fishing over 15 g/tail eel fry, and collecting at a ratio of 50-100g/m3The breeding density of the eel fries is supplemented for the second time in the eel fry pond, and the eel fries are all caught after growing to the catching standard;
the eel in the lower eel pond flows back to the upper eel pond along the fall ramp in the growth process; after the eels in the first-level adult eel pond are raised for 30 days, fishing the eels with the concentration of more than 60 g/tail and then stocking in a second-level adult eel pond; after the eels in the second-level adult eel pond are bred for 25 days, fishing the eels with the volume of more than 150 g/tail and then breeding the eels in the third-level adult eel pond; after the eels in the three-level adult eel pond are raised for 20 days, fishing the eels with the product of more than 250g per tail;
s4: eel breeding feed
Building raising platforms on the three-level eel forming pond and the two fall slopes, building a shed on the raising platforms, and arranging the raising platforms of the fall slopes at intervals along the slope length direction of the fall slopes;
when the feed is raised, the mixed feed is fed in an adult eel pond, the corresponding raising platform is used for feeding meat feed, and the weight ratio of the mixed feed to the meat feed is 6: 4; the total amount ratio of the feed fed in the third-stage eel pool, the second-stage eel pool and the first-stage eel pool is 7:5: 3;
s5: daily disinfection
Adding 20g/m of water into a water injection pool at intervals of 5-7 days3The salt of (1).
2. The industrial eel farming method according to claim 1, wherein the gradient of the gradient between the primary eel formation pond and the secondary eel formation pond has a slope length of 3 to 5m and a height gradient of 0.3 to 0.5 m; the slope length of the fall ramp between the secondary eel pond and the tertiary eel pond is 3-5m, and the height fall is 0.6-0.8 m.
3. The industrial eel farming method according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the water injection system comprises a self-circulation system and an external injection system connected to a water source;
self-circulation system: building the bottom of a third-stage eel pond, a second-stage eel pond and a first-stage eel pond into a concave pond bottom, arranging a water outlet at the lowest part of the concave pond bottom, and arranging a hemispherical filter screen on a water outlet cover, wherein the water outlet is communicated with a water injection pond through a water pump;
when the water pump pumps the bottom sewage in the adult eel pool to the water injection pool, the external injection system is closed, and sodium thiosulfate is added into the water injection pool to purify the water quality; the pumping speeds of the three water pumps are the same and are one third of the pumping speed of the water injection system for injecting new water into the water injection pool;
the external injection system is started for 12 to 15 days, and the water in the water injection pool, the third-level eel pool, the second-level eel pool and the first-level eel pool is completely replaced.
4. The industrial eel aquaculture method of claim 1, wherein the area ratio of the three-stage eel formation pond, the two-stage eel formation pond and the first-stage eel formation pond is 2:3: 5.
5. The industrial eel breeding method of claim 1, wherein the compound feed is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30-40% of flour, 25-30% of corn flour, 3-5% of alpha-starch, 1-2% of yeast powder, 18-20% of edible fungi, 2-3% of monocalcium phosphate, 1-2% of vitamin A, 1-2% of vitamin B, 1-2% of vitamin C, 4-6% of liquorice and 3-4% of fish oil.
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