CN110579512B - Manufacturing and calibrating method of filter type soil moisture sensor - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing and calibrating method of a filter type soil moisture sensor, belonging to the technical field of soil moisture testing tools and tests. The structure of the filter type soil moisture sensor is that diatomite is filled in a cylindrical filter, a round rod electrode is inserted in the center of the diatomite, leads are welded at the top end of the round rod electrode and the upper end of the cylindrical filter respectively, and the round rod electrode and the upper end of the cylindrical filter are connected into a measuring circuit. And then simultaneously measuring by adopting a filter type sensor and an inlet main flow TDR sensor, and calibrating the water content of the soil sample corresponding to the voltage value of the filter type sensor. The filter type soil moisture sensor manufactured by the invention has the advantages of simple and compact structure, novel principle, stable measurement, low cost and convenient use, and is suitable for agriculture, forestry and green environment plant planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil moisture content testing tools and testing; in particular to a manufacturing and calibrating method of a filter type soil moisture sensor.
Background
In agricultural production, accurate irrigation requires long-term detection and timely acquisition of soil moisture spatial distribution information in the field, and therefore a soil moisture testing device is required to be installed in the field.
The current mature soil moisture content detection methods comprise TDR (time domain reflectometry), FDR (frequency domain reflectometry) and SWR (standing wave ratio method), wherein the TDR and the FDR are foreign patent technologies, the measurement precision is high, but the cost is extremely high due to the complexity of a processing circuit, one TDR reaches tens of thousands of dollars, and one FDR reaches thousands of dollars; the three soil moisture sensors cannot be popularized and applied in the field because the average annual income of crops per mu is not high. In a cross-section soil moisture content monitor suitable for agricultural irrigation in China patent 201810191352.8, the soil moisture content monitor is formed by sequentially inserting three resistance type water potential probes from top to bottom in a cross-section pipe; compact and low-power consumption soil moisture automatic detector based on wireless transmission. The shell of the soil moisture automatic detector is formed by sequentially connecting an embedded support rod, an adapter, a main board, a lithium ion battery fixing bin and a detector top cap, so that the water content of each deep layer is detected in real time, and the market condition information of the soil at different depths is detected; at 201720067029.0, the casing of the compact and low-power-consumption soil moisture automatic detector based on wireless transmission is formed by sequentially connecting a buried support rod, an adapter, a main board, a lithium ion battery fixed bin and a detector top cap, so that soil market condition information of different depths is detected in real time. However, at present, no matter agricultural irrigation or urban greening water is widely adopted in China, namely, manual irrigation is performed by experience and timing. The original irrigation mode can not ensure the water required by the normal growth of plants, and simultaneously, precious water resources are wasted greatly. The manual flood irrigation method commonly used in landscaping water can cause that the water on the surface layer of soil flows fast and cannot permeate into plant roots to form water holes or flow into roads along the flow of terrains, so that waste is caused. In various irrigation systems, due to the fact that the water content of the soil surface layer is different from that of each deep layer below the soil surface layer, the market information of the soil at different depths is detected in real time, irrigation is carried out according to the water demand of crops at different growth periods, and therefore low-cost soil moisture sensors are required to be distributed in a large range for real-time monitoring, and the problem of how to facilitate plant growth and avoid wasting water resources as much as possible is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a manufacturing and calibrating method of a filter type soil moisture sensor, which is characterized in that the filter type soil moisture sensor is structurally characterized in that diatomite 1 is filled in a cylindrical filter 2, a round rod electrode 3 is inserted into the center of the diatomite 1, and welding leads 4 are respectively welded at the top end of the round rod electrode 3 and the upper end of the cylindrical filter 2 and are connected with a measuring circuit 5; wherein, the round rod electrode adopts a stainless steel needle; the filter is made of stainless steel powder with the diameter of 2 mu m and adopting the method of pressing and forming 1CR18NI9TI stainless steel powder, thereby achieving the clay effect, being corrosion-resistant and strong in plasticity.
The manufacturing process of the filter type soil moisture sensor comprises the following steps:
1) The diatomite and the filter are cleaned, so that the influence of impurities is reduced as much as possible;
2) Putting diatomite weighing 6g by an electronic scale into a paper cup, and diluting the diatomite into half cup by purified water; sealing the lower half part of the stainless steel cylindrical filter by an O-shaped ring, connecting with a vacuum pump, pouring diluted diatomite solution from the upper part of the cylindrical filter, and starting the vacuum pump to quickly pump away water and air in the diatomite solution, so that diatomite solutes with certain density and uniform distribution are formed in the cylindrical filter;
3) Inserting the electrode into the diatomite solute in the cylindrical filter and maintaining the electrode coaxial with the filter; one end of one lead is welded with an electrode, the other end is connected with a measuring circuit 5, one end of the other lead is welded with the upper end of the cylindrical filter shell, and the other end is connected with the measuring circuit 5 to form a measuring loop; filling each seal of the filter type soil moisture sensor with sealant; completing the manufacture of the filter type soil moisture content sensor;
4) The measuring circuit comprises a buck-boost chip tps63030, an AD736 AC/DC conversion chip, an 8038 AC/DC conversion chip, an amplifying circuit OP07, a filter type sensor and a precision sampling resistor which are connected in series; the 3.3V power supply is connected with a buck-boost chip tps63030, and the buck-boost chip tps63030 outputs DC 5V; one path of DC 5V s is connected with the AD736 AC/DC conversion chip; the other path is connected with a boosting dcdc (0509 s) circuit, the output DC 9V is connected with an 8038 alternating current-direct current conversion chip, the output alternating current is 1.5V, and the alternating current 1.5V is connected with an amplifying circuit OP07, a filter type sensor and a precise sampling resistor in series; then the sampling resistor is connected with the AD736 AC/DC conversion chip; the specific test process is that a 3.3V power supply is changed into DC 5V through a buck-boost chip tps63030, and one path of the DC 5V power supply is used for supplying power to an AD736 AC-DC conversion chip; the other path of the signal is changed into DC 9V through a booster circuit dcdc0509s, and finally, the signal is changed into an alternating current 1.5V signal through an 8038 alternating current-direct current conversion chip; through the following enhancement driving effect of the amplifying circuit OP07, a filter type sensor and a precise sampling resistor are connected in series, and an alternating current voltage signal of the sampling resistor is changed into a direct current voltage signal through an AD736 alternating current-direct current conversion chip for detection. When the filter-type soil moisture sensor is buried in soil, the diatomite 1 exchanges with moisture in the soil through the cylindrical filter 2, the conductivity of the diatomite is changed obviously along with the change of humidity, and the conductivity of the diatomite is changed obviously corresponding to an alternating current signal on a sampling resistor connected in series, so that the change of the soil moisture can be reflected by detecting the voltage value of the sampling resistor.
The measurement is carried out in early stage by detecting direct current signals flowing through a filter type soil moisture sensor and a sampling resistor, but when the soil humidity is high, the time required for entering a stable state after power-on is long, the power consumption is high, the electrode corrosion is serious, and the measurement precision is not high; instead of alternating current measurement, the above problems are solved. However, the alternating current signal is unfavorable for direct reading of the data card, so that the alternating current signal passing through the sampling resistor is converted into direct current through the alternating current-direct current conversion chip and then enters the data card for sampling.
The calibration method of the filter type soil moisture sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) A test system is established, and soil samples 9 with known water content are uniformly filled in a soil tank 10 with the diameter of 200mm and the height of 120mm which is made of organic glass according to the designed volume weight; embedding all the filter-type soil moisture content sensor 8 into the soil sample 9; inserting an inlet main flow TDR sensor 6; the lead 4 of the filter type soil moisture content sensor 8 is connected with the measuring circuit 5, and the signal output line of the measuring circuit 5 and the signal output line of the TDR sensor 6 are respectively connected with the data collector 7 to form a test system;
2) Placing the system in a water container, wherein the water surface in the container is as close to the upper edge of the soil tank 10 as possible, but cannot diffuse into the soil tank 10, slowly absorbing water by the soil sample 9 through a fine hole at the bottom end of the soil tank 10, and standing for 1 day, wherein the soil sample 9 basically reaches a saturated state; the system is then left to evaporate in air, while the measuring circuit 5 and the data collector 7 connected to the filter-type sensor 8 are activated, and signal collection of the filter-type sensor 8 and the main stream TDR sensor 6 is performed. When the water content of the soil is low, re-saturating the soil sample, and performing repeated tests; after a number of repetitions, a correspondence of the readings of the filter-type sensor 8 and the main flow TDR sensor 6 is obtained (as shown in fig. 4).
3) The test results show that the filter type sensor has good overlap ratio in other processes (processes 2-4) except the first (process 1) system stability and balance, and has stable performance compared with the international mainstream TDR probe test results.
The filter type soil moisture sensor has the advantages of simple and compact structure, novel principle, stable measurement, low cost and convenient use, and is suitable for agriculture, forestry and green environment plant cultivation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a filter type soil moisture sensor.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a measuring circuit of the filter type soil moisture sensor.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a calibration system of a filter-type soil moisture sensor.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the calibration repeated test results of the filter-type soil moisture sensor.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a manufacturing and calibrating method of a filter type soil moisture sensor, which is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a filter type soil moisture sensor. In the figure, the structure of the filter type soil moisture content sensor is as follows; the cylindrical filter 2 with the outer diameter of 24.6mm, the inner diameter of 19.7mm and the height of 100mm is filled with diatomite 1, a round rod electrode 3 with the diameter of 10mm and the height of 90mm is inserted into the center of the diatomite 1, and welding leads 4 are respectively arranged at the top end of the round rod electrode 3 and the upper end of the cylindrical filter 2 and connected with a measuring circuit 5; wherein, the round rod electrode adopts a stainless steel needle; the filter is made of stainless steel powder with the diameter of 2 mu m and adopting the method of pressing and forming 1CR18NI9TI stainless steel powder, thereby achieving the clay effect, being corrosion-resistant and strong in plasticity.
The manufacturing process of the filter type soil moisture sensor comprises the following steps:
1) The diatomite and the filter are cleaned, so that the influence of impurities is reduced as much as possible;
2) Putting diatomite weighing 6g by an electronic scale into a paper cup, and diluting the diatomite into half cup by purified water; sealing the lower half part of the cylindrical filter of stainless steel by an O-shaped ring, connecting with a vacuum pump, pouring diluted diatomite solution from an inlet on the upper surface of the cylindrical filter, and starting the vacuum pump to quickly pump away water and air in the diatomite solution, so that diatomite solutes with certain density and uniform distribution are formed in the cylindrical filter;
3) Inserting the electrode into the diatomite solute in the cylindrical filter and maintaining the electrode coaxial with the filter; one end of one lead is welded with an electrode, the other end is connected with a measuring circuit 5, one end of the other lead is welded with the upper end of the cylindrical filter shell, and the other end is connected with the measuring circuit 5 to form a measuring loop; filling each seal of the filter type soil moisture sensor with sealant; completing the manufacture of the filter type soil moisture content sensor;
4) The measuring circuit comprises a buck-boost chip tps63030, an AD736 AC/DC conversion chip, an 8038 AC/DC conversion chip, an amplifying circuit OP07, a filter type sensor and a precision sampling resistor which are connected in series; the 3.3V power supply is connected with a buck-boost chip tps63030, and the buck-boost chip tps63030 outputs DC 5V; one path of DC 5V s is connected with the AD736 AC/DC conversion chip; the other path is connected with a boosting dcdc (0509 s) circuit, the output DC 9V is connected with an 8038 alternating current-direct current conversion chip, the output alternating current is 1.5V, and the alternating current 1.5V is connected with an amplifying circuit OP07, a filter type sensor and a precise sampling resistor in series; then the sampling resistor is connected with the AD736 AC/DC conversion chip; the specific test process is that a 3.3V power supply is changed into DC 5V through a buck-boost chip tps63030, and one path of the DC 5V power supply is used for supplying power to an AD736 AC-DC conversion chip; the other path of the signal is changed into DC 9V through a booster circuit dcdc0509s, and finally, the signal is changed into an alternating current 1.5V signal through an 8038 alternating current-direct current conversion chip; through the following enhancement driving effect of the amplifying circuit OP07, a filter type sensor and a precise sampling resistor R are connected in series, and an alternating current voltage signal of the sampling resistor R is changed into a direct current voltage signal through an AD736 alternating current-direct current conversion chip for detection. When the filter-type soil moisture sensor is buried in soil, the diatomite 1 exchanges with moisture in the soil through the cylindrical filter 2, the conductivity of the diatomite is changed obviously along with the change of humidity, and the conductivity of the diatomite is changed obviously corresponding to an alternating current signal on a sampling resistor connected in series, so that the change of the soil moisture can be reflected by detecting the voltage value of the sampling resistor.
The measurement is carried out in early stage by detecting direct current signals flowing through a filter type soil moisture sensor and a sampling resistor, but when the soil humidity is high, the time required for entering a stable state after power-on is long, the power consumption is high, the electrode corrosion is serious, and the measurement precision is not high; instead of alternating current measurement, the above problems are solved. However, the alternating current signal is unfavorable for direct reading of the data card, so that the alternating current signal passing through the sampling resistor is converted into direct current through the alternating current-direct current conversion chip and then enters the data card for sampling.
The water content of the filter type soil moisture content sensor is calibrated,
(1) A schematic diagram of a calibration system of the filter type soil moisture sensor shown in fig. 3 is adopted; the soil tank 10 with the diameter of 200mm and the height of 120mm is filled with soil samples 9 with known water content uniformly according to the designed volume weight, and a filter type soil moisture content sensor 8 is inserted into the soil tank, wherein the depth is a certain depth below the upper surface of the embedded soil samples 9; inserting an inlet main flow TDR sensor 6; the lead 4 of the filter type soil moisture content sensor 8 is connected with the measuring circuit 5, and the signal output line of the measuring circuit 5 and the signal output line of the TDR sensor 6 are respectively connected with the data collector 7 to form a test system;
(2) In the water content calibration process, a soil tank is placed in a water container, the water surface in the container is as close to the upper edge of the soil tank 10 as possible, but cannot diffuse into the soil tank 10, a soil sample 9 slowly absorbs water through a fine hole at the bottom end of the soil tank 10, and after standing for 1 day, the soil sample 9 basically reaches a saturated state; the system is then left to evaporate in air, while the data acquisition unit 7 is activated, and signal acquisition by the filter-type sensor 8 and the mainstream TDR sensor 6 is performed. When the water content of the soil is low, the soil sample is re-saturated, and repeated tests are carried out for a plurality of times; after four repetitions as shown in fig. 4, a correspondence of the filter-type sensor 8 and the main flow TDR sensor 6 readings is obtained.
(3) The test results show that the filter type sensor has good overlap ratio in other processes (processes 2-4) except the first (process 1) system stability and balance, and has stable performance compared with the international mainstream TDR probe test results.
Claims (2)
1. A filter type soil moisture sensor is structurally characterized in that a cylindrical filter (2) is filled with diatomite (1), a round rod electrode (3) is inserted into the center of the diatomite (1), and welding leads (4) are respectively welded at the top end of the round rod electrode (3) and the upper end of the cylindrical filter (2) and are connected with a measuring circuit (5); the cylindrical filter is characterized in that the cylindrical filter (2) has an outer diameter of 24.6mm, an inner diameter of 19.7mm and a height of 100mm, 6g of diatomite (1) is filled in the cylindrical filter, and a round rod electrode (3) with a diameter of 10mm and a height of 90mm is inserted in the center of the diatomite (1); wherein, the round rod electrode adopts a stainless steel needle; the filter is formed by adopting stainless steel powder of 1CR18NI9TI according to the aperture of 2 mu m, can achieve the clay effect, and has corrosion resistance and strong plasticity.
2. The method for manufacturing the filter type soil moisture content sensor according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
1) The diatomite and the filter are cleaned, so that the influence of impurities is reduced as much as possible;
2) Putting diatomite weighing 6g by an electronic scale into a paper cup, and diluting the diatomite into half cup by purified water; sealing the lower half part of the stainless steel cylindrical filter by an O-shaped ring, connecting with a vacuum pump, and pouring diluted diatomite solution from the upper part of the cylindrical filter; then starting a vacuum pump to rapidly pump out water and air in the diatomite solution, so as to form diatomite solutes with certain density and uniform distribution in the cylindrical filter;
3) Inserting a round rod electrode (3) into diatomite solute in a cylindrical filter (2) and keeping the round rod electrode coaxial with the filter; one end of one lead is welded with an electrode, the other end is connected with a measuring circuit (5), one end of the other lead is welded with the upper end of the cylindrical filter shell, and the other end is connected with the measuring circuit (5) to form a measuring loop; filling each seal of the filter type soil moisture sensor with sealant; completing the manufacture of the filter type soil moisture content sensor;
4) The measuring circuit (5) comprises a buck-boost chip tps63030, an AD736 AC/DC conversion chip, an 8038 AC/DC conversion chip, an amplifying circuit OP07, a filter type sensor and a precision sampling resistor which are connected in series; the 3.3V power supply is connected with a buck-boost chip tps63030, and the buck-boost chip tps63030 outputs DC 5V; one path of DC 5V is connected with the AD736 AC/DC conversion chip; the other path is connected with a boosting dcdc0509s circuit, the output DC 9V is connected with an 8038 AC/DC conversion chip, the output AC 1.5V, the AC 1.5V is connected with an amplifying circuit OP07, a filter type sensor and a precise sampling resistor in series; then the sampling resistor is connected with the AD736 AC/DC conversion chip; the specific test process is that a 3.3V power supply is changed into DC 5V through a buck-boost chip tps63030, and one path of the DC 5V power supply is used for supplying power to an AD736 AC-DC conversion chip; the other path of the signal is changed into DC 9V through a booster circuit dcdc0509s, and finally, the signal is changed into an alternating current 1.5V signal through an 8038 alternating current-direct current conversion chip; the following enhancement driving effect of the amplifying circuit OP07 is utilized, a filter type sensor and a precise sampling resistor are connected in series, and an alternating voltage signal of the sampling resistor is changed into a direct voltage signal through an AD736 alternating current-direct current conversion chip for detection; when the filter type soil moisture sensor is buried in soil, diatomite (1) is exchanged with moisture in the soil through a cylindrical filter (2), the conductivity of the diatomite is changed obviously along with the change of humidity, and the conductivity of the diatomite is changed obviously corresponding to an alternating current signal on a sampling resistor connected in series, so that the change of the soil moisture can be reflected by detecting the voltage value of the sampling resistor.
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