CN110579017A

CN110579017A - Biomass particle furnace

Info

Publication number: CN110579017A
Application number: CN201810577962.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄炜; 李耿; 李庆金; 张玉印
Original assignee: Anhui Guwang Drying Machinery Co Ltd
Current assignee: Anhui Guwang Drying Machinery Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-06-07
Filing date: 2018-06-07
Publication date: 2019-12-17

Abstract

The invention relates to a biomass particle furnace, which comprises a hopper, a feeding mechanism, an air distribution system and a hearth, wherein the hopper is used for containing biomass particle fuel, the lower part of the hopper is provided with a discharge hole, the hearth is provided with a grate, the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding pipe, a connecting pipe and a power assembly, and one end of the feeding pipe is communicated with the hearth and is positioned above the grate; one end of the connecting pipe is connected with the discharge hole, the other end of the connecting pipe is communicated with the feeding pipe, and the power assembly is used for controlling the conveying of the biomass granular fuel; the air distribution system is provided with an air blower, a main cavity for receiving air flow from the air blower, a material pipe air supply pipeline and a hearth connecting pipe, wherein the material pipe air supply pipeline is connected with the other end of the material supply pipe, the connecting pipe is communicated with the material supply pipe at the upper part of the material supply pipe, and the hearth connecting pipe is communicated with the hearth and is communicated below the grate.

Description

Biomass particle furnace

Technical Field

the invention belongs to the field of boiler equipment, and particularly relates to a biomass particle furnace used as a heat source.

Background

In the current grain drying market, a novel environment-friendly heat source becomes the mainstream. The biomass particle furnace has sustainable fuel source and small emission pollution; ash left after combustion can be used as a potash fertilizer; the fuel is particles with compressed volume, so that the advantages of saving transportation and storage cost and the like are achieved, and the fuel becomes a new favorite in the market.

The biomass particles are block-shaped environment-friendly new energy generated by processing crop straws, rice husks, wood chips and the like, most biomass particle furnaces serving as matched combustion particles on the grain drying market have the problem of complicated structure, and some technical schemes have the problems of large wind resistance, difficulty in bringing out heat and the like due to the fact that hot wind flows through a plurality of partition plates.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances of the prior art to overcome or alleviate one or more of the above technical problems in the prior art, and at least to provide a beneficial alternative.

In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a biomass pellet furnace, including a hopper, a feeding mechanism, an air distribution system and a hearth, wherein the hopper is used for containing biomass pellet fuel, a discharge port is arranged at the lower part of the hopper, the hearth is provided with a grate, the feeding mechanism includes a feeding pipe and a connecting pipe, and one end of the feeding pipe is communicated with the hearth and is located above the grate; one end of the connecting pipe is connected with the discharge hole, the other end of the connecting pipe is communicated with the feeding pipe, and the connecting pipe is provided with a power assembly which is used for controlling the transportation of the biomass granular fuel; the air distribution system is provided with an air blower, a main cavity for receiving air flow from the air blower, a material pipe air supply pipeline and a hearth connecting pipe, wherein the material pipe air supply pipeline is connected with the other end of the material pipe, the connecting pipe is communicated with the material pipe on the upper portion of the material pipe, and the hearth connecting pipe is communicated with the hearth and is communicated below the grate.

according to an embodiment of the invention, the power assembly comprises an auger, or the power assembly comprises a material stirring motor, a transmission mechanism and a material stirring plate, wherein the material stirring plate is arranged in the connecting pipe, and the transmission mechanism receives power from the material stirring motor, so that the conveying of the biomass granular fuel is controlled.

according to an embodiment of the invention, the biomass particle furnace further comprises an ignition device, the ignition device is arranged in an ignition pipe, one end of the ignition pipe is communicated with the hearth, the ignition device ignites the biomass particle fuel through the ignition pipe, the air distribution system further comprises an ignition pipe channel, one end of the ignition pipe channel is connected with the main cavity, and the other end of the ignition pipe channel can supply air to the ignition pipe.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the main cavity, the material pipe air supply pipeline, the ignition pipe channel and the hearth connecting pipe are all provided with uniform sections, and the area ratio of the sections is 5-8: 1.5-2: 1: 1.5-3.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the furnace chamber further comprises an ash removal door, a furnace chamber door and an observation port, wherein the ash removal door is positioned below the furnace grate and is convenient for cleaning residual slag ash after biomass particles are combusted, and the furnace chamber door is positioned above the furnace grate and is used for taking out the furnace grate and cleaning the slag ash on the furnace grate; the observation port is positioned above the hearth door and used for observing the flame condition in the biomass particle furnace when the biomass particle furnace works, and the section of the hearth is drum-shaped.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the biomass particle furnace further comprises an inner sealing plate, a tube heat exchanger and an induced draft fan, tubes of the tube heat exchanger are communicated with the hearth and are provided with smoke outlets, the induced draft fan is arranged at the smoke outlets, the inner sealing plate surrounds the hearth and the tube heat exchanger and is provided with hot air outlets, and an external cold air inlet is formed in one side, away from the hearth, of the tube heat exchanger of the inner sealing plate.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the tubular heat exchanger comprises a plurality of groups of heat exchange tubes and is provided with a baffle plate, so that a plurality of reversing compartments for reversing are formed in the tubular heat exchanger, the plurality of reversing compartments comprise a plurality of upper reversing compartments and a plurality of lower reversing compartments, the upper reversing compartments and the lower reversing compartments are staggered, multistage reversing of air flow is realized through tubular communication of the tubular heat exchanger, and the flue gas outlet is communicated with the reversing compartment for reversing at the last stage.

According to one embodiment of the invention, each of said upper turnaround compartments is provided with an access opening.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the opening at the access opening protrudes from the inner closure plate.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the biomass pellet furnace is further provided with a partition plate, and the partition plate is connected between one side of the hearth, which is close to the hot air outlet and close to the tubular heat exchanger, and the inner sealing plate.

According to another aspect of the invention, the biomass particle furnace comprises a hearth, an inner sealing plate, a tube heat exchanger and an induced draft fan, wherein tubes of the tube heat exchanger are communicated with the hearth and are provided with smoke outlets; the tubes of the tube heat exchanger are communicated with the hearth and are provided with smoke outlets, the range hood is arranged at the smoke outlets, the inner sealing plate surrounds the hearth and the tube heat exchanger and is provided with hot air outlets, one side of the tube heat exchanger, far away from the hearth, of the inner sealing plate is provided with an external cold air inlet, and the air outlets are communicated with the reversing compartments for reversing at the last stage; each upper reversing compartment is provided with an access opening.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the structure is compact, and the multiple purposes of blowing and air distribution can be realized.

drawings

The accompanying drawings are provided to better assist those skilled in the art in understanding the present invention, but are merely schematic, are not drawn to scale, and omit components (if any) that are not related to solving the technical problems of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a biomass pellet furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which arrows indicate the flow direction of flue gas in a furnace chamber and a tube and tube heat exchanger;

FIG. 2 is a left side view of the biomass pellet furnace shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the biomass pellet furnace shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a feed mechanism;

FIG. 5 shows the connection of the connecting tube to the hopper and the feeding tube;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a wind splitting system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a left side view of the wind splitting system shown in FIG. 6;

Fig. 8 shows a schematic view of a furnace chamber according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 9 is a top view of the biomass pellet furnace shown in FIG. 1 with the upper turnaround compartment hidden.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative and not limiting to the scope of the invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a biomass pellet furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which arrows indicate the flow direction of flue gas in a furnace chamber and a tube and tube heat exchanger; FIG. 2 is a left side view of the biomass pellet furnace shown in FIG. 1; fig. 3 is a top view of the biomass pellet furnace shown in fig. 1.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the biomass pellet furnace according to the present invention includes a feeding mechanism 1, an air distribution system 3, a furnace chamber 4, a tubular heat exchanger 5, a smoke exhaust fan 6, an inner sealing plate 8, a hopper 10, and a hot air outlet 11. The biomass granular fuel is stored in the hopper 10, and the biomass granular fuel in the hopper 10 is fed into the hearth 4 through the feeding mechanism 1. In the present embodiment, in the view of fig. 1, the hot air outlet 11 is completely blocked by the furnace chamber 4.

The biomass pellet furnace is described in detail below with reference to the description of these components.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a feeding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 shows the connection of the connecting tube 19 to the hopper 10 and the feeding tube 15. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the feeding mechanism 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a feeding pipe 15, a material stirring motor 16, a transmission mechanism 17, and a connecting pipe 19, wherein the connecting pipe 19 has a material stirring plate 20 therein. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the hopper 10 for containing the biomass pellet fuel has a discharge port at a lower portion thereof, and the discharge port is connected to the feeding pipe 15 through a connection pipe 19. The connection pipe 19 is provided with a material shifting plate 20, and the material shifting plate 20 receives power from the material shifting motor 16 through the transmission mechanism 17, so that the transmission of the granular fuel is controlled and controlled. Compared with an auger type conveying structure, the mode of adopting the material shifting plate has the advantages of lower cost, smaller space size, very convenient maintenance and less abrasion. It should be noted, however, that although the inventors believe the pattern of the kick-out plate to be better, certain embodiments of the present invention do not preclude the feed mechanism 1 from being able to feed using an auger. The material-shifting plate 20, the material-shifting motor 16 and the transmission mechanism 17 can be taken as an example of the power device of the feeding mechanism of the invention. An auger may also be used as an example of the power plant of the present invention.

According to one embodiment, the material-shifting plate 20 is controlled to start and stop by the material-shifting motor 16 through the transmission mechanism 17. In one embodiment, the material stirring motor 16 is determined by the intelligent control system according to the detected temperature at the hot air outlet 11 or timed by a timer, when the temperature is lower than a set value or the timed time of the timer is over, the material stirring motor 16 is started to convey the biomass granular fuel into the hearth 4 to enhance the flame, and when the temperature is too high or the timed time of the timer is reset, the material stirring motor 16 is closed. The transmission mechanism 17 can adopt chain or belt transmission to connect the material shifting motor 16 and the material shifting plate 20. According to one embodiment, the feed tube 15 is angled at 45 to 65 degrees from horizontal. One end of the feeding pipe 15 is connected into the hearth 4 and is positioned higher than the grate 22. The other end of which may be closed. According to another embodiment, the other end of the feeding pipe 15 is connected to a pipe supply duct 18 (described below with reference to fig. 6 and 7) of the air distribution system 3, and the blown air is used to clean up debris and dust trapped in the feeding pipe 15 while preventing flame from escaping from the furnace chamber 4.

According to one embodiment, the hopper 10 may have a plurality of outlets. The feeding mechanism 1 may include a plurality of feeding pipes 15, a plurality of material stirring motors 16, a plurality of transmission mechanisms 17, and a plurality of connecting pipes 19, so as to feed the biomass pellet fuel to different positions on the grate of the furnace chamber 4. At this time, the biomass granular fuel can be more uniformly distributed on the grate of the furnace chamber 4. On the other hand, according to another embodiment, the hopper 10 may have one or more discharge ports, and the feeding mechanism 1 may include a plurality of feeding pipes 15, but the material-stirring motor 16, the transmission mechanism 17, the connecting pipe 19, and the material-stirring plate 20 may be combined into one set.

Fig. 6 and 7 show a wind splitting system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 6 and 7, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the air distribution system 3 has a blower 2, a main chamber 31, and a material pipe supply duct 18, an ignition duct passage 32, and a furnace connection pipe 33 connected to the main chamber 31. Further, the main chamber 31 is connected to the blower 2. The air flow from the blower 2 flows into the material pipe blast duct 18 through the main chamber 31, cools the ignition tube 21 through the ignition tube passage 32, and flows into the furnace 4 below the fire grate 22 through the furnace connecting pipe 33, respectively.

It should be noted that in one embodiment, the squib channel 32 may be omitted. In another embodiment, the pipe feed duct 18 may be omitted, in which case the aforementioned other end of the feed pipe 15 is closed.

According to one embodiment, the main cavity 31, the material pipe air supply pipeline 18, the ignition pipe channel 32 and the hearth connecting pipe 33 all have uniform cross sections, and the area ratio of the cross sections is 5-8: 1.5-2: 1: 1.5-3. This ratio allows for more efficient ventilation of the ducts.

when the feeding system 1 comprises a plurality of feeding pipes 15, the air distribution system will have a corresponding number of pipe supply ducts 18. In addition, there may be more than one hearth connecting pipe 33, so that the air intake efficiency to the hearth is higher. There may be a plurality of blowers 2, and in the case of a plurality of blowers 2, the main chamber may be partitioned into a plurality of independent small compartments so that each blower can blow air to each small compartment.

According to one embodiment, the ignition device is a heat-insulating ceramic heating core, the heating core is arranged in the ignition pipe 21, and the ignition device ignites the biomass granular fuel in the hearth through the ignition pipe 21. As shown in fig. 6, the ignition tube 21 has one end connected to the air distribution system 3 (specifically, the ignition tube passage 32) and the other end connected to the furnace chamber 4 and positioned flush with the grate 22; negative pressure generated in the ignition pipe by a smoke exhaust fan 6 (described later) (although the smoke exhaust fan 6 is outside the hearth 4, an air duct is communicated, and an airflow flow path is shown as an arrow in fig. 1, so that the negative pressure generated by the fan can affect the inside of the hearth) and fresh cold air blown by the blower 2 cool the heating core, so that the service life of the heating core is prolonged; if the heating core is damaged carelessly, the heating core can be taken out and replaced conveniently through the ignition tube 21.

Fig. 8 shows a schematic view of a furnace chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 8, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the furnace chamber includes a soot door 12, a furnace door 13, and a viewing port 14. The ash cleaning door 12 is positioned below the fire grate 22, so that the residual slag ash after the biomass particles are combusted can be conveniently cleaned, and the hearth door 13 is positioned above the fire grate 22, so that the fire grate 22 can be conveniently taken out, the slag ash on the fire grate can be conveniently cleaned, and the like; the observation port 14 is positioned above the hearth door 13 and is used for observing the flame condition in the biomass particle furnace when the biomass particle furnace is in operation.

According to one embodiment, the shape of the cross section of the hearth can be a drum shape as shown in fig. 3, and the whole hearth is formed by welding special steel plates for the boiler.

as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the furnace 4 and the tube heat exchanger 5 are enclosed by an inner sealing plate 8 to form a heat exchange chamber, and a hot air outlet 11 is provided. Interior shrouding 8 keeps away from furnace 4 side at tubular heat exchanger 5 and opens there is external cold wind entry, and cold wind gets into the back and can pass through the clearance between the heat exchange tube in the tubular heat exchanger, and hot flue gas in the furnace is walked from intraductally, and cold wind walks from the pipe outward, carries out heat exchange through the pipe wall, later flows from the air outlet promptly.

The tubular heat exchanger is formed by welding a plurality of seamless tubes and a plurality of plates; the seamless tubes are arranged in multiple groups (for example, 2 to 4 groups, 4 groups are shown in the figure) according to different required heat generation amounts, so as to change the heat exchange area. In the figure, the tube heat exchanger 5 is composed of 4 sets of heat exchange tubes 23. The tube heat exchanger 5 has baffle plates so that a plurality of commutation compartments are formed in the tube heat exchanger 5, comprising a plurality of upper commutation compartments 51 and a plurality of lower commutation compartments 52. The upper reversing compartment 51 and the lower reversing compartment 52 are arranged in a staggered mode, and are communicated through the pipe inner channels corresponding to the heat exchange pipes 23, multi-stage reversing is achieved, and therefore scorching hot smoke generated after particle combustion in the hearth 4 can flow along a specified route under the driving of the range hood 6, and sufficient heat exchange is achieved. The arrows in fig. 1 show one flow direction. The tube array of the tube array heat exchanger 5 is communicated with the hearth 4 and is provided with a smoke outlet, and the range hood 6 is arranged at the smoke outlet.

The heat exchange chamber is provided with a smoke outlet, a smoke exhaust fan 6 is arranged at the smoke outlet, the smoke exhaust fan 6 is used for providing a negative pressure source for the hearth-tube heat exchanger, hot air generated by burning fuel in the hearth is guided into the tube heat exchanger, the hot air is guided and discharged after exchanging heat in the tube heat exchanger, and the smoke outlet of the heat exchange chamber is communicated with the compartment for reversing at the last stage. The smoke exhaust fan can be used for enabling the scorching hot smoke generated after the particles in the hearth 4 are combusted to exchange heat along a specified route, heating external cold air, enabling the external cold air to be hot air, and meanwhile enabling the smoke after heat exchange to be output through the smoke exhaust fan 6.

Because the heat exchange tube 23 is main heat exchange position, and inside cross-section is little, so inside flue gas smugglies debris secretly and easily piles up and block up heat exchange tube 23, because traditional hot-blast furnace is mostly closed structure, in case block up, extremely difficult clearance. According to one embodiment, the present invention provides access openings 24 on each upper turnaround compartment, and the openings of the access openings protrude from the inner sealing plate 8, i.e. the inner sealing plate no longer encloses the access openings inside, which facilitates maintenance and cleaning by personnel. In another embodiment, the lower turnaround compartment may also be provided with access openings. The access opening can also be arranged at the side.

As a further optimization scheme, the plate on one side of the tubular heat exchanger 5 close to the hearth 4 has higher temperature of contacting flue gas and most impurities, so that the risk of corrosion and damage exists, and a refractory mortar coating can be increased or stainless steel with higher quality can be replaced.

FIG. 9 is a top view of the biomass pellet furnace shown in FIG. 1 with the upper turnaround compartment hidden. As shown in fig. 9, in order to improve heat exchange efficiency, the biomass particle furnace has a partition 25 according to an embodiment. The partition plate 25 is connected between one side of the hearth 4, which is close to the hot air outlet and close to the tubular heat exchanger 5, and the inner sealing plate 8, so that all cold air can pass through the tubular heat exchanger 5. That is, since the gap between the inner sealing plate and the tube heat exchanger is not completely sealed, if the partition plate 25 is not provided, the cool air from the side of the inner sealing plate 8 away from the furnace 4 directly reaches the air outlet without heat exchange through the gap between the inner sealing plate and the heat exchanger. This phenomenon can be avoided by providing a baffle 25, which directs the air around the furnace 4. That is, the partition 25 prevents the air flow passing through the gaps between the tubes of the tube heat exchanger or the gaps between the tube heat exchanger and the inner seal pipe 8 from directly entering the hot air outlet, and the air flow must travel around the furnace and enter the hot air outlet 11 from the other side of the partition 25. Thus, the heat exchange area is further increased and overheating of the furnace chamber 4 is avoided.

According to one embodiment, lifting lugs 7 are welded on the tubular heat exchanger 5 and used for moving and transporting the biomass particle furnace.

On the other hand, when the position of the hopper 10 is high due to structural limitation, a sleeve feeding device can be provided for the hopper 10, automatic feeding and supplementing are achieved, and labor cost is reduced.

According to one embodiment, an outer closure plate member 9 is also included. The external sealing plate component 9 is mainly an appearance component and comprises an external sealing plate and a frame structure for mounting the external sealing plate; the inner sealing plate and the outer sealing plate are isolated by heat insulation cotton for preventing the internal heat from dissipating.

The above description is only exemplary and not restrictive of the scope of the present invention, and any additions, substitutions and the like within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention are within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. a biomass particle furnace comprises a hopper (10), a feeding mechanism (1), an air distribution system (3) and a hearth (4), wherein the hopper (10) is used for containing biomass particle fuel, the lower part of the hopper is provided with a discharge hole, the hearth is provided with a fire grate (22), and the biomass particle furnace is characterized in that,

The feeding mechanism (1) comprises a feeding pipe (15), a connecting pipe (19) and a power assembly, wherein one end of the feeding pipe (15) is communicated with the hearth (4) and is positioned above the fire grate;

One end of the connecting pipe (19) is connected with the discharge hole, the other end of the connecting pipe is communicated with the feeding pipe, and the power assembly is used for controlling the conveying of the biomass granular fuel;

The air distribution system (3) is provided with an air blower (2), a main cavity for receiving air flow from the air blower, a material pipe air supply pipeline and a hearth connecting pipe, wherein the material pipe air supply pipeline is connected with the other end of the feeding pipe (15), the connecting pipe (19) is communicated with the feeding pipe (15) at the upper part of the feeding pipe (15), and the hearth connecting pipe is communicated with the hearth and is communicated below the grate.

2. The biomass pellet furnace of claim 1 wherein the power assembly comprises an auger, or

The power assembly comprises a material stirring motor (16), a transmission mechanism (17) and a material stirring plate (20), the material stirring plate is arranged in the connecting pipe (19), and the transmission mechanism receives power from the material stirring motor so as to control the transportation of the biomass granular fuel.

3. The biomass pellet furnace of claim 1, further comprising an ignition device provided in an ignition tube having one end communicating with the furnace chamber, the ignition device igniting the biomass pellet fuel via the ignition tube,

the air distribution system (3) further comprises an ignition tube channel, one end of the ignition tube channel is connected with the main cavity body, and the other end of the ignition tube channel can supply air to the ignition tube.

4. the biomass particle furnace as claimed in claim 3, wherein the main cavity, the material pipe air supply pipeline, the ignition pipe channel and the hearth connecting pipe all have uniform cross sections, and the cross section area ratio of the main cavity, the material pipe air supply pipeline, the ignition pipe channel and the hearth connecting pipe is 5-8: 1.5-2: 1.5-3.

5. The biomass particle furnace of claim 4, wherein the furnace chamber further comprises an ash removal door, a furnace chamber door and a viewing port, the ash removal door is positioned below the grate and is convenient for cleaning residual ash after the biomass particles are combusted, and the furnace chamber door is positioned above the grate and is used for taking out the grate and cleaning the residual ash on the grate; the observation port is positioned above the hearth door and used for observing the flame condition in the biomass particle furnace when the biomass particle furnace works, and the section of the hearth is drum-shaped.

6. The biomass particle furnace of claim 1, further comprising an inner sealing plate, a tubular heat exchanger and an induced draft fan, wherein the tubular heat exchanger is communicated with the furnace chamber, the tubular heat exchanger is provided with a smoke outlet, the induced draft fan is arranged at the smoke outlet, the inner sealing plate surrounds the furnace chamber and the tubular heat exchanger and is provided with a hot air outlet, and an external cold air inlet is formed in one side, away from the furnace chamber, of the tubular heat exchanger.

7. The biomass pellet furnace of claim 6, wherein the tube heat exchanger includes a plurality of sets of heat exchange tubes and baffle plates to form a plurality of reversing compartments for reversing in the tube heat exchanger, the plurality of reversing compartments including a plurality of upper reversing compartments and a plurality of lower reversing compartments, the upper reversing compartments and the lower reversing compartments being staggered to provide multi-stage reversing of the gas flow through tube communication of the tubes of the tube heat exchanger,

The smoke outlet is communicated with the reversing compartment for reversing at the last stage.

8. The biomass pellet furnace of claim 7 wherein each of said upper diverter compartments is configured with a service opening, said service opening projecting from said inner closure plate.

9. the biomass pellet furnace of claim 7, wherein the tubular heat exchanger comprises a plurality of seamless tubes and a plurality of plates, and the plates on the side of the tubular heat exchanger near the hearth are refractory coated or made of stainless steel.

10. The biomass pellet furnace of claim 6, further comprising a partition plate connected between the inner sealing plate and a side of the hearth near the hot air outlet and near the tubular heat exchanger.