CN110577433A - Preparation method of kitchen waste-based composite gel slow-release fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation method of kitchen waste-based composite gel slow-release fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN110577433A CN110577433A CN201910578229.6A CN201910578229A CN110577433A CN 110577433 A CN110577433 A CN 110577433A CN 201910578229 A CN201910578229 A CN 201910578229A CN 110577433 A CN110577433 A CN 110577433A
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- kitchen waste
- release fertilizer
- based composite
- composite gel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
the invention relates to a preparation method of a kitchen waste-based composite gel slow-release fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating kitchen garbage, and screening out residual rice; (2) drying to constant weight, pulverizing, and sieving; (3) under the conditions of heating and stirring, fully stirring the mixed aqueous solution containing montmorillonite, urea and the residual cooked rice treated in the step (2); (4) n is a radical of2Adding acrylic acid, N-methylene bisacrylamide and potassium persulfate in the atmosphere; (5) stirring until the system reaches the required viscosity, and standing to obtain the kitchen waste-based composite gel slow-release fertilizer. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the composite gel slow-release fertilizer is prepared by adopting the kitchen waste, the process is simple, the cost is low, the nutritional ingredients of the kitchen waste can be efficiently utilized, and the economic and social environmental benefits are higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and relates to a preparation method of a kitchen waste-based composite gel slow-release fertilizer.
Background
with the acceleration of the urbanization process and the rapid development of market economy, the garbage is developed as a cityThe annual production of the attachments is continuously increased at a high rate, and the 'refuse-enclosed city' becomes a troublesome problem to be solved urgently in the rapidly developing Chinese cities. The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the united nations predicts that approximately 13 million tons of kitchen waste are produced every year worldwide, accounting for 1/3 producing Food for human consumption worldwide. In terms of treatment and resource utilization of the kitchen waste at present, the conventional resource utilization technologies mainly include anaerobic fermentation, aerobic composting, feed conversion, landfill, dehydration, drying, incineration and power generation, and the like, wherein the anaerobic fermentation and the aerobic composting become mainstream technologies for resource utilization of the kitchen waste due to energy advantages thereof. However, from the aspect of resource utilization, both the two technologies aim at 'degradation' to obtain small molecular substance resources (such as CH)4、H2Organic acid, alcohol and the like) or further converted into humus, the process is complex, the utilization rate of nutrient elements such as C, N and the like is low, the secondary pollution is serious, and the control is difficult.
The primary components of the native kitchen waste are macromolecular substances such as starch, cellulose, protein and grease, contain characteristic functional groups such as-COOH, -OH and C-C, and have the characteristic of generating free radical polymerization reaction, so that the main components of the kitchen waste are polymerized and crosslinked to further convert into the macromolecular substances, and meanwhile, the obtained product can be further applied to the field of agriculture or environment, and the efficient recovery and resource utilization of the nutritional ingredients of the kitchen waste are realized.
At present, easily degradable organic wastes such as kitchen wastes, vegetable wastes in vegetable farms, livestock and poultry manure and the like are focused on aspects such as anaerobic fermentation, aerobic composting and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a kitchen waste-based composite gel slow-release fertilizer, which aims to solve the problems of high nutrient element loss, serious secondary pollution and the like in the existing kitchen waste treatment and recycling processes.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
A preparation method of a kitchen waste-based composite gel slow-release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreating kitchen garbage, and screening out residual rice;
(2) Drying to constant weight, pulverizing, and sieving;
(3) under the conditions of heating and stirring, fully stirring the mixed aqueous solution containing montmorillonite, urea and the residual cooked rice treated in the step (2);
(4)N2Adding acrylic acid, N-methylene bisacrylamide and potassium persulfate in the atmosphere;
(5) Stirring until the system reaches the required viscosity, and standing to obtain the kitchen waste-based composite gel slow-release fertilizer.
Preferably, in step (2), the drying is carried out in an oven at 70 ℃.
preferably, in step (2), the sieving means passing through a 100-mesh sieve.
Preferably, in step (3), the temperature of heating is 70 ℃.
preferably, in the step (3), the addition amounts of montmorillonite, urea and the residual cooked rice after the treatment in the step (2) are respectively 0-2.0 g, 10g and 1.0g in every 50mL of the mixed aqueous solution.
Preferably, in the step (3),
preferably, in the step (4), the ratio of the amount of the acrylic acid, the N, N-methylene-bisacrylamide, the potassium persulfate and the mixed solution is: 2 to 20g, 0.02 to 0.2g, 0.0135 to 0.1081g, 50mL
Preferably, the system is stirred for 20-60 min to reach the required viscosity.
Preferably, in the step (5), the standing time is 60 min.
preferably, the kitchen waste based composite gel slow-release fertilizer is in a yellow-soil gel state.
Compared with the prior art, the compound gel slow-release fertilizer is prepared by the kitchen waste through free radical polymerization crosslinking, the process is simple, the cost is low, the nutritional ingredients of the kitchen waste can be efficiently utilized, and the compound gel slow-release fertilizer has higher economic and social environmental benefits.
Drawings
fig. 1 shows the water absorption performance of the kitchen waste-based composite gel slow-release fertilizer in aqueous solution and NaCl solution under different synthesis conditions shown in example 1, wherein: FIG. 1(a) represents the influence of the addition amount of potassium sulfate as a per-initiator on the water absorption performance of the kitchen waste-based composite gel slow-release fertilizer; FIG. 1(b) represents the influence of the addition amount of a cross-linking agent N, N-methylene bisacrylamide on the water absorption performance of the kitchen waste-based composite gel slow-release fertilizer; FIG. 1(c) represents the influence of the addition amount of inorganic montmorillonite on the water absorption performance of the kitchen waste-based composite gel slow-release fertilizer; FIG. 1(d) represents the influence of the addition amount of the polymerized monomer acrylic acid on the water absorption performance of the kitchen waste-based composite gel slow-release fertilizer.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the leaching and loss change curve of the N element in the kitchen waste-based composite gel slow-release fertilizer shown in example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
A preparation method of a kitchen waste-based composite gel slow-release fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking the kitchen waste squeezed from a canteen of a certain school in Shanghai, pretreating the kitchen waste, and screening to obtain relatively pure residual rice (LR);
(2) drying in a 70 deg.C oven to constant weight, pulverizing with high-speed universal pulverizer (Tesla FW100 can be adopted), and sieving with 100 mesh sieve;
(3) Adding 50mL of mixed aqueous solution containing 0-2.0 g of montmorillonite, 10.0g of urea and 1.0g of LR into a 100mL beaker under a constant-temperature water bath electromagnetic stirrer at 70 ℃, and fully stirring;
(4)N2Adding 2.0-20.0 g of acrylic acid, 0.02-0.2 g N, N-methylene bisacrylamide and 0.0135-0.1081 g of potassium persulfate into the atmosphere;
(5) stirring for 20-60 min, stopping stirring until the system has certain viscosity, and standing for 60min to complete the preparation of the gel slow-release fertilizer.
in this example, montmorillonite, urea, acrylic acid, and N, N-methylenebisacrylamide were all analytical grade, purchased from shanghai Aladdin biochemical science and technology, inc, without any pretreatment prior to use.
The embodiment examines the water absorbability of the kitchen waste-based composite gel slow-release fertilizer under different conditionsThe effect of energy, as shown in figure 1. FIG. 1(a) shows the effect of an initiator potassium persulfate (KPS) on the water absorption performance of the composite gel slow-release fertilizer. The maximum water absorption rate of the composite gel slow-release fertilizer is continuously increased along with the increase of the addition amount of the potassium persulfate from 1.0mmol/L to 6.0mmol/L, the maximum water absorption rate is reached when the potassium persulfate is 6.0mmol/L, the saturated water absorption rate in distilled water is 15.4g/g, and the water absorption rate in a 1.0 wt.% NaCl solution is 13.1 g/g; FIG. 1(b) shows the influence of the addition amount of a cross-linking agent MBA on the water absorption performance of the composite gel slow-release fertilizer. When in 3.0 wt.% WMBA/WAAUnder the condition, the composite gel slow release fertilizer obtains the maximum water absorption in deionized water and 1.0 wt.% of NaCl solution, and the maximum water absorption is 34.2g/g and 15.2g/g respectively; FIG. 1(c) shows the effect of MMT addition level on LR-g-PAA/MMT/Urea water absorption performance. With WMMT/WAAThe value is increased, the water absorption of the gel sustained-release agent is gradually increased, and QeqThe maximum occurs at a WMMT/WAA of 10%. Subsequently, as the MMT content increases, QeqBut rather gradually decreases; FIG. 1(d) is a graph showing the effect of Acrylic Acid (AA) content on the water absorption properties of LR-g-PAA/MMT/Urea. WLR/WAAEquilibrium Water absorption Q of LR-g-PAA/MMT/Urea when increasing from 5% to 10%eqGradually rising. Following WLR/WAAEquilibrium Water absorption Q of LR-g-PAA/MMT/Urea when increasing from 10% to 30%eqGradually decreases. WLR/WAAAt 10% (i.e., 10g of AA), the gel had a maximum swelling of 102.3 g/g.
The prepared LR-g-PAA/MMT/Urea is not only a water retention agent, but also a nitrogen fertilizer slow release agent. The leaching method is used in the section to investigate the potential of LR-g-PAA/MMT/Urea carrying N fertilizer, and the result is shown in figure 2. As can be seen from the figure, under the same condition of N, after 24 hours of leaching, the loss rate of the N in LR-g-PAA/MMT/Urea is 19.7 percent and is far lower than the loss rate of the N in pure Urea (52.3 percent), and the phenomenon shows that the hydrogel slow release fertilizer sample prepared by the research can effectively control the leaching loss of fertilizer nutrients and has the potential of N retention and slow release.
The LR-g-PAA/MMT/Urea composite gel slow release fertilizer contains N element and has the effect of improving the soil performance. The results of 40d soil application shown in Table 1 show that the soil indexes are increased to some extent after addition of Urea and LR-g-PAA/MMT/Urea, except that the pH is maintained substantially unchanged. The organic matter is low in the original soil sample (13.7g/kg), the content of the organic matter is increased to 25.9g/kg after LR-g-PAA/MMT/Urea is applied, and the organic matter in the composite hydrogel slow-release agent is released into the soil after the composite hydrogel slow-release agent is applied, so that the organic matter retained in soil particles is greatly increased. Compared with the blank, after addition of Urea and LR-g-PAA/MMT/Urea, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus of the soil are also greatly improved, which is benefited by release supply of N and P elements of Urea and LR-g-PAA/MMT/Urea.
TABLE 1
The preparation method of the kitchen waste-based composite gel slow-release fertilizer has the advantages of simple process and low cost, can efficiently utilize the nutritional ingredients of the kitchen waste, and has higher economic and social environmental benefits. Solves the problems of high loss of nutrient elements, serious secondary pollution and the like in the existing kitchen waste treatment and recycling process.
The embodiments described above are intended to facilitate the understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a kitchen waste-based composite gel slow-release fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Pretreating kitchen garbage, and screening out residual rice;
(2) Drying to constant weight, pulverizing, and sieving;
(3) Under the conditions of heating and stirring, fully stirring the mixed aqueous solution containing montmorillonite, urea and the residual cooked rice treated in the step (2);
(4)N2Adding acrylic acid, N-methylene bisacrylamide and potassium persulfate in the atmosphere;
(5) stirring until the system reaches the required viscosity, and standing to obtain the kitchen waste-based composite gel slow-release fertilizer.
2. The preparation method of the kitchen waste based composite gel slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the drying is performed in an oven at 70 ℃.
3. The preparation method of the kitchen waste based composite gel slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the sieving is performed by a 100-mesh sieve.
4. The preparation method of the kitchen waste based composite gel slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the heating temperature is 70 ℃.
5. the preparation method of the kitchen waste-based composite gel slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the addition amounts of montmorillonite, urea and the remaining cooked rice after the treatment in the step (2) are 0-2.0 g, 10g and 1.0g respectively in 50mL of mixed aqueous solution.
6. The preparation method of the kitchen waste based composite gel slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the ratio of the dosage of the acrylic acid, the N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, the potassium persulfate and the mixed solution is as follows: 2-20 g, 0.02-0.2 g, 0.0135-0.1081 g, 50 mL.
7. the preparation method of the kitchen waste based composite gel slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized by stirring for 20-60 min to make the system reach the required viscosity.
8. The preparation method of the kitchen waste based composite gel slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the standing time is 60 min.
9. The preparation method of the kitchen waste based composite gel slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the kitchen waste based composite gel slow-release fertilizer is in a yellow-earthy gel state.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112079972A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-15 | 上海环境卫生工程设计院有限公司 | Method for converting percolate into high water absorption gel solid particles |
| CN114560733A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-05-31 | 河南工程学院 | Preparation method of nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-protecting and carbon-storing sludge-kitchen-based soil slow-release fertilizer |
| CN114558556A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-05-31 | 河南工程学院 | Method for jointly preparing gel filler for purifying nitrogen and phosphorus in sewage by using solid wastes |
| CN115093507A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-09-23 | 同济大学 | Preparation method of fireproof material coupling chlorine/phosphorus elements and organic functional group characteristics of kitchen waste |
| CN115368624A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-11-22 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Kitchen waste-based porous hydrogel water-retaining material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115417723A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-12-02 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Kitchen waste-based modified composite water-retention gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112079972A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-15 | 上海环境卫生工程设计院有限公司 | Method for converting percolate into high water absorption gel solid particles |
| CN114560733A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-05-31 | 河南工程学院 | Preparation method of nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-protecting and carbon-storing sludge-kitchen-based soil slow-release fertilizer |
| CN114558556A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-05-31 | 河南工程学院 | Method for jointly preparing gel filler for purifying nitrogen and phosphorus in sewage by using solid wastes |
| CN115093507A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-09-23 | 同济大学 | Preparation method of fireproof material coupling chlorine/phosphorus elements and organic functional group characteristics of kitchen waste |
| CN115368624A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-11-22 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Kitchen waste-based porous hydrogel water-retaining material and preparation method and application thereof |
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