CN115417723A - Kitchen waste-based modified composite water-retention gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Kitchen waste-based modified composite water-retention gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115417723A CN115417723A CN202211149932.3A CN202211149932A CN115417723A CN 115417723 A CN115417723 A CN 115417723A CN 202211149932 A CN202211149932 A CN 202211149932A CN 115417723 A CN115417723 A CN 115417723A
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- kitchen waste
- shell powder
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- nitrogen fertilizer
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/18—Semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. foams or gels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
- C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kitchen waste-based modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding water into the kitchen waste, smashing, pulping, performing ultrasonic heat treatment, and adding shrimp shell powder into supernate at 70-90 ℃; adding acrylate, acrylic acid, N-methylene-bisacrylamide, potassium persulfate and acrylamide under the protection of inert gas, and reacting to obtain gel; finally mixing the oyster shell powder, the charcoal and water for reaction to obtain the product. The kitchen waste, the shrimp shell powder and the oyster shell powder are adopted to prepare the modified composite gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer based on the kitchen waste, the process is simple, the cost is low, the full utilization of the kitchen waste can be realized, the nutritional ingredients of the oyster shell powder and the shrimp shell powder are efficiently utilized, the wastes are treated with the wastes, the resource utilization of the kitchen waste, the shrimp shell powder and the oyster shell powder is realized, and the economic and social environmental benefits are higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and relates to a kitchen waste-based modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The kitchen waste is a necessary product for human living consumption, and the resource utilization of the kitchen waste has important social and environmental benefits. At present, the resource utilization rate of the kitchen waste is only 19.5%, and a large amount of kitchen waste is buried or burned as a main component of municipal domestic waste.
The kitchen waste recycling technology mainly comprises aerobic composting, anaerobic fermentation and feed treatment, and landfill and incineration are not environmentally-friendly, economical and effective final treatment modes, wherein the aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion become mainstream technologies for recycling the kitchen waste. And further polycondensing decomposition products of organic matters of the kitchen waste or synthesis products of microorganisms into complex humus by aerobic composting, and finally realizing mineralization and humification of the organic matters. The humified product can be used as fertilizer or soil conditioner. The compost treatment method is simple, the technical requirement is low, the practicability is strong, and the amount of the waste can be reduced by more than 40%. However, there are disadvantages such as increase in cost, loss of nutrients, and secondary pollution.
Superabsorbent polymers, also known as hydrogels, are functional polymeric materials that can absorb hundreds or even thousands of times their weight in water and retain most of the water under pressure. It is generally a three-dimensional network structure formed by lightly crosslinking hydrophilic polymer chains, and the molecular chains of the three-dimensional network structure carry a large number of hydrophilic groups such as-OH, -COOH and-CONH 2 And the like, and is mainly applied to the fields of sanitary products, agriculture, medicine, polluted soil, wastewater treatment and the like.
The kitchen waste contains organic components such as starch, cellulose, protein and unsaturated fatty acid, can be oxidized to break bonds, generates low molecular weight echelon products such as polyphenol, amino acid, polyalcohol and furfural through chemical catalytic oxidation, and contains hydroxyl, carboxyl, double bonds and the like, which can further generate polycondensation reaction under the induction of free radicals, so that molecular chains are prolonged, and the catalytic oxidation and the rapid humification of free radical polymerization of the kitchen waste are realized.
Chinese patent 'A preparation method of kitchen waste based composite gel slow-release fertilizer' (publication No. CN110577433A, published date 2019, 12 months and 17 days), discloses a preparation method of kitchen waste based composite gel slow-release fertilizer, which takes residual rice in kitchen waste as a substrate, and adds urea, acrylic acid, N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, persulfate, montmorillonite and the like to generate the composite gel slow-release fertilizer, and the composite gel slow-release fertilizer has certain water absorption (the maximum swelling rate is 102.3 g/g). However, most of the kitchen waste is a mixture at present, the operation difficulty of separating the residual rice is certain, and the near-total resource utilization of the kitchen waste cannot be realized. Through research and development, the modified composite water-retention type gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer can be prepared by mixing the kitchen waste, the shrimp shell powder, the oyster shell powder and the biochar, so that the full resource utilization of the kitchen waste is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a kitchen waste-based modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and the method creatively adopts (1) an ultrasonic heat treatment process is added, so that green catalytic oxidation of the kitchen waste with high water content is realized, and the utilization rate and the conversion rate of the kitchen waste are improved; the ultrasonic heat treatment can attack organic matters by means of free radicals in a targeted manner, so that the organic macromolecules are rapidly degraded. Macromolecular polysaccharide substances such as starch, cellulose and the like can be directly subjected to catalytic reaction to prepare ethylene glycol, sorbitol, trehalose, 5-Ethoxy Methyl Furfural (EMF) and the like, and proteins can be subjected to catalytic oxidation to obtain small molecular substances such as polypeptides, amino acids and the like, so that element loss caused by traditional microbial degradation is avoided. (2) The modified composite water-retaining gel with high performance is synthesized by utilizing a free radical polymerization cross-linking technology. (3) The kitchen waste-based hydrogel is modified by coupling oyster shell powder and charcoal to neutralize acidity and strengthen slow release performance, so that the kitchen waste-based hydrogel is more suitable for land protection and fertilization. The invention can provide a new idea and a new method for rapid humification resource conversion and efficient reservation and utilization of nutrient elements of the kitchen waste.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a modified composite water-retention gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer based on kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreating the kitchen waste to remove impurities and oil, adding water, smashing and pulping to obtain kitchen waste slurry;
(2) Carrying out ultrasonic heat treatment on the kitchen waste slurry, and then centrifuging to obtain a supernatant;
(3) Adding shrimp shell powder into the supernatant at 70-90 ℃ and fully mixing to obtain modified slurry;
(4) Under the protection of inert gas, adding acrylate, acrylic acid, N-methylene bisacrylamide, potassium persulfate and acrylamide into the modified slurry, and reacting to obtain gel;
(5) And (5) mixing the gel obtained in the step (4) with oyster shell powder, charcoal and water, and reacting for 20min to obtain the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the water added in the step (1) to the kitchen waste is 2-6.
Preferably, the temperature of the ultrasonic heat treatment in the step (2) is 50 to 80 ℃, preferably 65 to 75 ℃.
Preferably, the time of the ultrasonic heat treatment in the step (2) is 0.1 to 1 hour.
Preferably, the ultrasonic heat treatment in the step (2) adopts a pulse mode; preferably, in the pulse mode, the start time is 3 to 6 seconds, and the stop time is 1 to 3 seconds.
Preferably, the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic heat treatment in the step (2) is 20 kHz, and the ultrasonic amplitude is 36-120 μm, preferably 60-120 μm.
According to the invention, the kitchen waste slurry is subjected to ultrasonic heat treatment, so that the kitchen waste is converted into a porous flocculation structure from a sheet shape, and the refractory macromolecules in the kitchen waste can be rapidly degraded into micromolecules in a non-selective manner, so that the rapid humification and resource utilization of the kitchen waste can be realized, the crosslinking sites are increased, and the water absorption and slow release performance of the slow release modified compound fertilizer are further improved.
Preferably, the shrimp shell powder in the step (3) is obtained by drying and crushing shrimp shells and then sieving the dried and crushed shrimp shells with a 300-mesh sieve.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the shrimp shell powder to the supernatant in the step (3) is 5 to 20.
Preferably, in the step (4), the mass ratio of the acrylate, the acrylic acid, the N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, the potassium persulfate, the acrylamide and the supernatant is 0 to 2.
Preferably, the reaction in step (4) is carried out under stirring for 20-60 min to reach the desired viscosity of the system.
Preferably, the step (4) further comprises a step of vacuum heat drying the obtained gel, and more preferably, the vacuum heat drying time is from 3d to 5d.
Preferably, the oyster shell powder in the step (5) is obtained by drying, grinding and crushing oyster shells and sieving the crushed oyster shells with a 300-mesh sieve.
Preferably, the biochar in the step (5) is formed by firing sundries in the kitchen waste, and the sundries comprise bones.
Preferably, the biochar is prepared by the following steps:
N 2 roasting the impurities at 700 ℃ for 2h in the atmosphere,taking out, soaking in 6M dilute hydrochloric acid for 30min, filtering, cleaning, and drying. The cleaning is that pure water is adopted for cleaning twice and then ethanol is adopted for cleaning twice.
Preferably, in the step (5), the weight ratio of the oyster shell powder to the dried hydrogel is 1 to 2 to 5, and the weight ratio of the biochar to the dried hydrogel is 1 to 20 to 50.
Preferably, the step (5) further comprises a step of carrying out hot vacuum drying on the obtained modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, wherein the hot vacuum drying time is 1d to 2d.
The invention can further improve the slow release performance of the slow release fertilizer and improve the adsorption performance of the slow release nitrogen fertilizer on heavy metals in soil by the adsorption effect of the biochar and the combination of the three-dimensional network structure of the high-performance water-absorbing material.
The coupled oyster shell powder can reduce the acidity of the high-performance water-absorbing material, increase the contents of calcium, magnesium and other elements in the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, and further realize the recycling and full-scale application of the kitchen waste and the oyster shell powder.
The obtained modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer based on the kitchen waste is in a gel form from brown to tan.
The invention also provides the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared by the preparation method.
The invention also provides application of the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared by the preparation method.
Preferably, the application comprises: grinding and crushing the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, then screening the ground and crushed modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer by a 20-mesh screen, and applying the ground and crushed modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer to soil according to the mass ratio of the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer to the soil of 1. The modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared by the invention can realize high-efficiency water retention and soil fertility improvement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the kitchen waste, the shrimp shell powder and the oyster shell powder are adopted to prepare the modified composite gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer based on the kitchen waste, the process is simple, the cost is low, the full utilization of the kitchen waste can be realized, the nutritional ingredients of the oyster shell powder and the shrimp shell powder are efficiently utilized, the slow-release performance of the slow-release fertilizer can be enhanced by adding the charcoal, the waste is treated by the waste, the resource utilization of the kitchen waste, the shrimp shell powder and the oyster shell powder is realized, and the economic and social environmental benefits are higher. The invention provides a new idea and a new method for rapid humification resource conversion and efficient nutrient element retention and utilization of the kitchen waste.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an electron microscope (SEM) picture (experimental group) of a modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared in example 1.
FIG. 2 is an SEM picture of the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared in example 2.
FIG. 3 is an SEM photograph of oyster shell powder.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the water-retaining property of the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared in example 1 in soil.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the leaching loss N of a modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared in example 1 and urea.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to examples of embodiments shown in the drawings.
The kitchen waste in the embodiment is kitchen waste from student canteens of southeast university. In the examples, potassium acrylate, urea, acrylic acid, persulfate, N-methylenebisacrylamide and acrylamide were analytically pure and purchased from Shanghai Addin Biochemical technology Co., ltd without any pretreatment prior to use. The oyster shells in the examples are from Fujian province of China.
Determination of Water absorption Properties: selecting 0.2 to 0.5 g of a dry block sample to be filled in 150 mL of deionized water, standing at room temperature (25 to 30 ℃) for water absorption until the water absorption is balanced, wiping the water on the surface of the water absorption gel by using filter paper, and continuously weighing and measuring the difference to be less than or equal to 0.05 g. Maximum swelling ratio Q of hydrogel m Also for the maximum water absorption determination, the formula is as follows:
Q m =(W 1 -W 0 )/W 0 ；
W 0 (g) And W 1 (g) The gel mass after drying and water absorption equilibrium, respectively.
And (3) determining TOC and ammonia nitrogen releasing capacity: selecting 0.5 g of a dry block sample, immersing in 150 mL of deionized water for 48 hours, and then measuring parameters such as TOC, ammonia nitrogen and the like of an extract.
Determination of water binding properties in soil: the water holding performance of the hydrogel is researched in field soil, 1.0 g of the gel sample is mixed with 40 g of soil and then is filled into a 50 mL plastic centrifuge tube, then 15 mL of tap water is slowly poured into the gel sample, the weight is recorded as W 1 (ii) a Placing the open in the dark place of the laboratory, weighing every day and recording as W i . The blank set was identical to the experimental set except that no gel sample was added. The water evaporation rate (W%) is calculated as follows:
W%=(（W 1 -W i ）/15)
100。
example 1
Experimental groups: deoiling the kitchen waste, picking out foreign matters such as bones and the like in the kitchen waste, processing the foreign matters into biochar, removing impurities such as plastic bags, chopsticks and the like, mixing the kitchen waste and water according to a weight ratio of 1. The ultrasonic device adopts a U.S. Qsonica Q700 ultrasonic crusher, the ultrasonic frequency is 20 kHz, the ultrasonic reaction temperature is 70 ℃, the amplitude is 96 mu m, a pulse mode is adopted, the pulse starting time is 2 seconds, and the pulse stopping time is 3 seconds. Centrifuging the kitchen waste slurry subjected to ultrasonic treatment, and taking supernatant for later use. Adding the supernatant into a reaction vessel, and putting the reaction vessel into a magnetic stirring water bath kettle, wherein N is 2 Adding 13.0 g of shrimp shell powder into every 100g of kitchen waste slurry supernatant in the atmosphere, and stirring and preheating for 10min at 70 ℃. Then adding a reagent according to the proportion of 1.0 g of potassium acrylate, 8.6g of acrylic acid, 1.0 g of potassium persulfate, 0.4 g of N, N-methylene-bisacrylamide and 0.1 g of acrylamide into every 100g of the kitchen waste serous supernatant, stirring for 60min until the viscosity of the system is reached, and standing to obtain the hydrogel. And washing the obtained hydrogel with ethanol for three times, washing the hydrogel with pure water for three times, and carrying out hot vacuum drying for later use. Drying the obtained productUniformly mixing the hydrogel and the oyster shell powder according to a weight ratio of 5, adding a proper amount of pure water after uniformly mixing the biochar and the hydrogel according to a ratio of 1.
Control group: deoiling kitchen waste, picking out foreign matters such as bones and the like, processing the foreign matters into biochar, removing impurities such as plastic bags, chopsticks and the like, mixing the kitchen waste and water according to a weight ratio of 1. Centrifuging the kitchen waste slurry after heat treatment, and taking supernatant for later use. Adding the supernatant into a reaction vessel, and putting the reaction vessel into a magnetic stirring water bath kettle, wherein N is 2 Adding 13.0 g of shrimp shell powder into every 100g of kitchen waste slurry supernatant in the atmosphere, and stirring and preheating for 10min at 70 ℃. Then adding a reagent according to the proportion of 1.0 g of potassium acrylate, 8.6g of acrylic acid, 1.0 g of potassium persulfate, 0.4 g of N, N-methylene-bisacrylamide and 0.1 g of acrylamide into every 100g of the kitchen waste serous supernatant, stirring for 60min until the viscosity of the system is reached, and standing to obtain the hydrogel. And washing the obtained hydrogel with ethanol for three times, washing the hydrogel with pure water for three times, and carrying out hot vacuum drying for later use. And (3) uniformly mixing the dried hydrogel, the oyster shell powder and the biochar according to a weight ratio of 5.
As shown in figure 1, compared with oyster shell powder (figure 3), the obvious micropore structure, shrimp shell powder crystals and oyster shell powder crystals can be seen on the surface of the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, which shows that the prepared modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer has good water-retaining property and nutrient substance slow-release capacity.
The water absorption performance, TOC release capacity and ammonia nitrogen release capacity of the prepared slow-release nitrogen fertilizers of the experimental group and the control group are measured, and the results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 comparison table of water absorption performance, TOC release and ammonia nitrogen capacities of experimental group and control group
| Experimental group | Blank control group | |
| TOC(mg/L) | 1613.5 | 240.5 |
| NH 3 -N (mg/L) | 31.5 | 2.3 |
| Water absorption (g/g) | 170.9 | 45.7 |
As can be seen from the table 1, after the ultrasonic heat treatment is added, the TOC, ammonia nitrogen and water absorption of the leachate are greatly improved, which indicates that the nondegradable macromolecules in the kitchen waste are degraded into micromolecules, the crosslinking sites are added, the water absorption and the sustained release performance of the modified compound fertilizer are further improved, and the resource utilization of the kitchen waste is realized to a greater extent.
The water retention performance in soil of the prepared experimental group is measured, and the result is shown in figure 2, the weight of the blank group without the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is not changed at 19d, the weight of the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is not changed at 22d, and the water evaporation rate of the experimental group with the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is always smaller than that of the blank group. The modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer has good water-retaining property in soil.
The method for measuring the urea leaching loss N of the prepared modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer comprises the following steps: drying an uncontaminated soil sample, sieving the soil sample with a 100-mesh sieve, weighing 40.0 g of quartz, and putting the quartz into a leaching device; after the N content in the urea is calculated, respectively and fully mixing the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer with the same N content and the urea with 200.0 g of soil, putting the mixture into a leaching device, and covering the surface layer with 40.0 g of undersize soil; 125 mL of deionized water was sprayed onto the top of the centrifuge tube soil 3 times (45 mL, 40mL, respectively), the filtrate was collected for 24 h, and the volume of filtrate and TN content in the filtrate were calculated. The N Leaching Loss Rate (LLR) is calculated by the following equation: LLR = (leaching loss amount of TN)/TN × 100%.
The result is shown in figure 3, and it can be known from the figure that under the same N condition, after 24 hours of washing, the loss rate of N in the modified composite water-retention gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is 20.1%, which is much lower than the loss rate of N (56.8%) of pure urea, and this phenomenon shows that the hydrogel slow-release fertilizer sample prepared by the invention can effectively control the leaching loss of fertilizer nutrients, and has the N retention and slow-release capabilities.
Example 2
Deoiling kitchen waste, picking out foreign matters such as bones and the like, processing the foreign matters into biochar, removing impurities such as plastic bags and chopsticks, mixing the kitchen waste and water according to a weight ratio of 1. The ultrasonic frequency is 20 kHz, the ultrasonic reaction temperature is 75 ℃, the amplitude is 120 mu m, a pulse mode is adopted, the pulse starting time is 6 seconds, and the pulse stopping time is 3 seconds. Centrifuging, and taking supernatant for later use. Adding the supernatant into a reaction vessel, and putting the reaction vessel into a magnetic stirring water bath kettle, wherein N is 2 Adding 20.0 g of shrimp shell powder into every 100g of supernatant of the kitchen waste slurry in the atmosphere, and stirring and preheating for 10min at 80 ℃. Then adding a reagent according to the proportion of adding 1.0 g of potassium acrylate, 8.6g of acrylic acid, 1.3 g of potassium persulfate, 0.4 g of N, N-methylene-bisacrylamide and 0.2 g of acrylamide into every 100g of the supernatant of the kitchen waste serous fluid, stirring for 40min until the viscosity of the system is reached, and standing to obtain the hydrogel. And washing the obtained hydrogel with ethanol for three times, washing the hydrogel with pure water for three times, and carrying out hot vacuum drying for later use. And (3) mixing the dried hydrogel, oyster shell powder and charcoal according to a weight ratio of 5Uniformly mixing the hydrogel according to the weight ratio of 1.
Determination of seed germination rate: the obtained modified composite water-retention gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and urea with the same N content are respectively and uniformly mixed with 200g of razor clam, 20 Shanghai Qing seeds are respectively scattered, and then the mixture is put into a plant intelligent incubator, the humidity is set to be 70%, the temperature is set to be 25 ℃ at 6-00-19
mol m -2 
s -1 The rest time is 20 deg.C, and the illumination intensity is 0
molm -2 
s -1 . And after 7d of conservation, calculating the germination rate of the seeds. The germination rates of the seeds obtained are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 Effect of different fertilizers on seed germination
| Kind of fertilizer | Germination rate of seeds |
| Not applied | 51% |
| Urea | 57% |
| Modified composite water-retaining gelSlow |
75% |
As can be seen from Table 2, the germination rate of the seeds of the experimental group to which the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer was applied was the highest. Therefore, the modified composite water-retention gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer has a promoting effect on the germination of seeds.
Effect on the fertility of the soil: the obtained modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and urea with the same N content are respectively and uniformly mixed with 300 g of soil under a sieve, the mixture is placed in an environment with the temperature of 30 ℃ and the humidity of 70 percent for maintenance, and 20 ml of water is added every 2 days. And after maintaining for 40 d, taking out and measuring the corresponding soil indexes. The soil indices obtained are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 Effect of different fertilizers on soil fertility
| Without fertiliser application | Urea | Modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer | |
| pH | 7.59 | 7.40 | 7.38 |
| Organic matter (g/kg) | 13.5 | 13.9 | 26.2 |
| Cation exchange capacity (cmol (+)/kg) | 7.50 | 8.35 | 9.10 |
| Total nitrogen (g/kg) | 0.640 | 0.901 | 1.012 |
| Total phosphorus (g/kg) | 0.639 | 0.789 | 0.843 |
| Total potassium (g/kg) | 12.5 | 12.4 | 15.6 |
| Exchangeable potassium (cmol/kg) | 0.39 | 0.50 | 0.92 |
| Exchangeable calcium (cmol/kg) | 62.9 | 86.3 | 91.2 |
| Exchangeable sodium (cmol/kg) | 0.34 | 0.35 | 1.20 |
| Exchangeable magnesium (cmol/kg) | 4.40 | 4.60 | 5.23 |
As shown in Table 3, the effect of different fertilizers on the soil fertility indicates that the soil indexes except the pH value are basically unchanged are increased to a certain extent by applying the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer compared with the urea. The content of organic matters in the original soil is lower (13.5 g/kg), and after the modified composite water-retention gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the content is increased to 26.2g/kg, which shows that the organic matters in the modified composite water-retention gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer are released into the soil, so that the organic matters in the soil particles are greatly increased. The total nitrogen and the total phosphorus of the applied urea and the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer are greatly improved relative to the unapplied soil, and the improvement is benefited by N element release supply. In particular, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium of the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer are improved, and the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer benefits from the release of coupled calcium and magnesium in oyster shell powder.
As shown in figure 2, compared with the oyster shell powder, the obvious micropore structure can be seen on the surface of the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, and the shrimp shell powder crystals and the oyster shell powder crystals show that the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer has good water-retaining property and nutrient substance slow-release capacity.
The embodiments described above are intended to facilitate one of ordinary skill in the art in understanding and using the present invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer based on kitchen waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Pretreating the kitchen waste to remove impurities and oil, adding water, smashing and pulping to obtain kitchen waste slurry;
(2) Carrying out ultrasonic heat treatment on the kitchen waste slurry, and then centrifuging to obtain a supernatant;
(3) Adding shrimp shell powder into the supernatant at the temperature of 70-90 ℃, and fully mixing to obtain modified slurry;
(4) Under the protection of inert gas, adding acrylate, acrylic acid, N-methylene bisacrylamide, potassium persulfate and acrylamide into the modified slurry, and reacting to obtain gel;
(5) And (5) mixing the gel obtained in the step (4) with oyster shell powder, charcoal and water, and reacting for 20min to obtain the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the water added in the step (1) to the kitchen waste is 2 to 6.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the ultrasonic heat treatment in step (2) is 50 to 80 ℃, preferably 65 to 75 ℃; the time of the ultrasonic heat treatment is 0.1 to 1 hour; the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic heat treatment is 20 kHz, and the ultrasonic amplitude is 36-120 μm, preferably 60-120 μm.
4. The method for preparing a composite material according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic heat treatment of the step (2) is performed in a pulse mode; preferably, in the pulse mode, the start time is 3 to 6 seconds, and the stop time is 1 to 3 seconds.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the shrimp shell powder to the supernatant in step (3) is 5 to 20.
6. The production method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the mass ratio of the acrylate, the acrylic acid, the N, N-methylenebisacrylamide, the potassium persulfate, the acrylamide and the supernatant is from 0 to 2.
7. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the weight ratio of the oyster shell powder to the dry hydrogel is 1 to 2 to 5, and the weight ratio of the charcoal to the dry hydrogel is 1 to 20 to 50.
8. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the step (5) further comprises the step of drying the obtained modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer under vacuum for 1d to 2d.
9. The modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-8.
10. The use of the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-8.
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