CN115417723B - Modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer based on kitchen waste and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer based on kitchen waste and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115417723B CN115417723B CN202211149932.3A CN202211149932A CN115417723B CN 115417723 B CN115417723 B CN 115417723B CN 202211149932 A CN202211149932 A CN 202211149932A CN 115417723 B CN115417723 B CN 115417723B
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- kitchen waste
- shell powder
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- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-LXGUWJNJSA-N aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](C=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-LXGUWJNJSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 claims description 39
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 16
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
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- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 5
- VAPQAGMSICPBKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitroacridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C3N=C21 VAPQAGMSICPBKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 3
- CCDRPZFMDMKZSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(ethoxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde Chemical compound CCOCC1=CC=C(C=O)O1 CCDRPZFMDMKZSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100028292 Aladin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710065039 Aladin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 description 1
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N Trehalose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N alpha,alpha-trehalose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011067 equilibration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001002 functional polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000247 superabsorbent polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/18—Semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. foams or gels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
- C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer based on kitchen waste and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: adding water into kitchen waste, crushing and pulping, performing ultrasonic heat treatment, and adding shrimp shell powder into supernatant at 70-90 ℃; adding acrylate, acrylic acid, N-methylene bisacrylamide, potassium persulfate and acrylamide under the protection of inert gas, and reacting to obtain gel; finally mixing with oyster shell powder, biochar and water for reaction. The modified composite gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer based on kitchen waste is prepared from the kitchen waste, the shrimp shell powder and the oyster shell powder, has simple process and low cost, can realize the full utilization of the kitchen waste, efficiently utilizes the nutritional ingredients of the oyster shell powder and the shrimp shell powder, treats waste with waste, realizes the resource utilization of the kitchen waste, the shrimp shell powder and the oyster shell powder, and has higher economic and social environmental benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and relates to a modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer based on kitchen waste and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Kitchen waste is an inevitable product of human life consumption, and the resource utilization of the kitchen waste has important social and environmental benefits. The recycling rate of the kitchen waste is only 19.5%, and a large amount of kitchen waste is used as a main component of the urban household waste to be buried or burned.
The kitchen waste recycling technology mainly comprises aerobic composting, anaerobic fermentation and feed conversion, but landfill and incineration are not environmentally friendly and economically effective final treatment modes, wherein the aerobic composting and the anaerobic digestion become the main technology for recycling the kitchen waste. The aerobic composting further condenses certain decomposition products of the kitchen waste organic matters or certain synthetic products of microorganisms into complex humus, and mineralization and humification of the organic matters are finally realized. The humified product can be used as fertilizer or soil conditioner. The composting treatment method is simple, has low technical requirements and strong practicability, and can reduce the waste by more than 40 percent. But also has the defects of increased cost, loss of nutrient components, secondary pollution and the like.
The super absorbent polymer, also called hydrogel, is a functional polymer material that can absorb water in hundreds or even thousands of times its own weight and still retain most of its water under pressure. The three-dimensional network structure is generally formed by slightly crosslinking hydrophilic polymer chains, and the molecular chains of the three-dimensional network structure are provided with a large number of hydrophilic groups such as-OH, -COOH, -CONH 2 and the like, so that the three-dimensional network structure is mainly applied to the fields of sanitary articles, agriculture, medicine, polluted soil, wastewater treatment and the like.
The kitchen waste contains organic components such as starch, cellulose, protein, unsaturated fatty acid and the like, can be oxidized to break bonds, and generates low molecular weight echelon products such as polyphenol, amino acid, polyalcohol, furfural and the like through chemical catalytic oxidation, and the hydroxyl, carboxyl, double bonds and the like contained in the kitchen waste can further undergo polycondensation reaction under the induction of free radicals, so that the molecular chain is prolonged, and the catalytic oxidation and free radical polymerization rapid humification of the kitchen waste are realized.
Chinese patent (publication No. CN110577433A, publication date 2019, 12 month 17) discloses a preparation method of a kitchen waste-based composite gel slow-release fertilizer, which takes the residual rice in the kitchen waste as a substrate, and urea, acrylic acid, N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, persulfate, montmorillonite and the like are added to generate the composite gel slow-release fertilizer, so that the composite gel slow-release fertilizer has certain water absorption (the maximum swelling rate is 102.3 g/g). However, most of the kitchen wastes are mixture at present, and the operation difficulty is certain when the residual rice is separated independently, and the near full-scale recycling of the kitchen wastes can not be realized. Through research and development, the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer can be prepared from the mixed kitchen waste, shrimp shell powder and oyster shell powder by using biochar, so that the full-scale recycling of the kitchen waste is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer based on kitchen waste and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method innovatively adopts (1) an ultrasonic heat treatment process, realizes the green catalytic oxidation of the kitchen waste with high water content, and improves the utilization rate and conversion rate of the kitchen waste; the ultrasonic heat treatment can attack organic matters by means of free radical targeting, so that the rapid degradation of organic macromolecules is realized. Macromolecular polysaccharide substances such as starch and cellulose can be directly catalyzed to react to prepare ethylene glycol, sorbitol, trehalose, 5-ethoxymethyl furfural (EMF) and the like, and proteins can be catalyzed and oxidized to obtain small molecular substances such as polypeptide, amino acid and the like, so that the element loss caused by traditional microbial degradation is avoided. (2) By utilizing the free radical polymerization crosslinking technology, the modified composite water-retaining gel with high performance is synthesized. (3) The oyster shell powder and the biochar are utilized to couple and modify the kitchen waste-based hydrogel, so that the acidity of the hydrogel is neutralized, the slow release performance of the hydrogel is enhanced, and the hydrogel is more suitable for land protection and fertilization. The invention can provide a new thought and a new method for the rapid humification resource conversion and the high-efficiency reservation and utilization of nutrient elements of the kitchen waste.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer based on kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreating the kitchen waste to remove impurities and oil, and then adding water to break and slurry to obtain kitchen waste slurry;
(2) Carrying out ultrasonic heat treatment on the kitchen waste slurry, and centrifuging to obtain supernatant;
(3) Adding shrimp shell powder into the supernatant at 70-90 ℃ and fully mixing to obtain modified slurry;
(4) Under the protection of inert gas, adding acrylate, acrylic acid, N-methylene bisacrylamide, potassium persulfate and acrylamide into the modified slurry, and reacting to obtain gel;
(5) Mixing the gel obtained in the step (4) with oyster shell powder, biochar and water, and reacting for 20min to obtain the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the water added in the step (1) to the kitchen waste is 2-6:1.
Preferably, the temperature of the ultrasonic heat treatment in the step (2) is 50-80 ℃, preferably 65-75 ℃.
Preferably, the ultrasonic heat treatment in the step (2) is carried out for 0.1-1 h.
Preferably, the ultrasonic heat treatment in the step (2) adopts a pulse mode; preferably, in the pulse mode, the start time is 3 to 6 seconds, and the stop time is 1 to 3 seconds.
Preferably, the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic heat treatment in the step (2) is 20 kHz, and the ultrasonic amplitude is 36-120 μm, preferably 60-120 μm.
According to the invention, the kitchen waste slurry is treated by ultrasonic heat, so that the kitchen waste is converted into a porous flocculation structure from a sheet shape, and the refractory macromolecules in the kitchen waste can be rapidly degraded into small molecules in a non-selective way, so that the rapid humification and resource utilization of the kitchen waste can be realized, the crosslinking site is increased, and the water absorption and sustained release performance of the sustained-release modified compound fertilizer are further improved.
Preferably, the shrimp shell powder in the step (3) is obtained by drying shrimp shells, crushing the dried shrimp shells and sieving the crushed shrimp shells with a 300-mesh sieve.
Preferably, in the step (3), the mass ratio of the shrimp shell powder to the supernatant is 5-20:100.
Preferably, in the step (4), the mass ratio of the acrylate, the acrylic acid, the N, N-methylenebisacrylamide, the potassium persulfate, the acrylamide and the supernatant is 0-2:3.1-15.1:0.2-0.8:0.7-2.2:0.1-0.3:100.
Preferably, the reaction in step (4) is carried out under stirring for 20 to 60 minutes to bring the system to the desired viscosity.
Preferably, the step (4) further comprises a step of vacuum heat drying the obtained gel, and more preferably, the time of vacuum heat drying is 3 d-5 d.
Preferably, the oyster shell powder in the step (5) is obtained by drying oyster shells, grinding and crushing, and sieving with a 300-mesh sieve.
Preferably, the biochar in the step (5) is prepared by firing sundries in kitchen waste, wherein the sundries comprise bones.
Preferably, the biochar is prepared by the following steps:
Roasting the sundries for 2 hours at 700 ℃ in the N 2 atmosphere, taking out, soaking in 6M dilute hydrochloric acid for 30 minutes, filtering, cleaning and drying. The washing is performed by washing with pure water twice and then washing with ethanol twice.
Preferably, in the step (5), the weight ratio of the oyster shell powder to the dried hydrogel is 1:2-5, and the weight ratio of the biochar to the dried hydrogel is 1:20-50.
Preferably, the step (5) further comprises a step of carrying out thermal vacuum drying on the obtained modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, wherein the thermal vacuum drying time is 1-2 d.
The invention combines the three-dimensional network structure of the high-performance water-absorbing material through the adsorption of the biochar, can further improve the slow release performance of the slow release fertilizer, and improves the adsorption performance of the slow release nitrogen fertilizer on heavy metals in soil.
The invention is coupled with oyster shell powder, can reduce the acidity of high-performance water absorbing materials, and increase the content of elements such as calcium, magnesium and the like in the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, thereby further realizing the recycling and full-quantification application of kitchen waste and oyster shell powder.
The obtained modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer based on kitchen waste is in brown to tan gel.
The invention also provides the modified composite hydrogel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared by the preparation method.
The invention also provides application of the modified composite hydrogel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared by the preparation method.
Preferably, the application comprises: grinding and crushing the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, then sieving the ground and crushed modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer with a 20-mesh screen, and applying the ground and crushed modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer into soil according to the mass ratio of the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer to the soil of 1:100-6:100. The modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared by the invention can realize high-efficiency water retention and improve soil fertility.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
The modified composite gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer based on the kitchen waste is prepared from the kitchen waste, the shrimp shell powder and the oyster shell powder, has simple process and low cost, can realize the full utilization of the kitchen waste, and efficiently utilizes the nutritional ingredients of the oyster shell powder and the shrimp shell powder, wherein the addition of the biochar can strengthen the slow-release performance of the slow-release fertilizer, treat waste with waste, realize the resource utilization of the kitchen waste, the shrimp shell powder and the oyster shell powder, and has higher economic and social environmental benefits. The invention provides a new thought and a new method for the rapid humification resource conversion and the high-efficiency reservation and utilization of nutrient elements of the kitchen waste.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an electron microscope (SEM) image (experimental group) of the modified composite hydrogel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared in example 1.
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of the modified composite hydrogel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared in example 2.
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of oyster shell powder.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the water retention performance of the modified composite water retention gel slow release nitrogen fertilizer prepared in example 1 in soil.
Fig. 5 is a graph of N-comparison of leaching losses of urea and the modified composite hydrogel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to examples of embodiments shown in the drawings.
The kitchen waste in the embodiment is kitchen waste from a student canteen of the university of southwest. In the examples, potassium acrylate, urea, acrylic acid, persulfates, N-methylenebisacrylamide, and acrylamide were all analytically pure, purchased from Aladin Biotechnology Inc., shanghai, without any pretreatment prior to use. The oyster shell in the examples is from Fujian province of China.
Determination of Water absorption Properties: and (3) selecting 0.2-0.5 g of a dry block sample, placing the dry block sample in 150 mL deionized water, standing at room temperature (25-30 ℃) to absorb water until the water absorption is balanced, namely wiping the water on the surface of the water absorption gel by using filter paper, and continuously weighing and measuring the difference of the water absorption gel surface moisture is less than or equal to 0.05 g. The maximum swelling ratio Q m of the hydrogel, which is also measured as the maximum water absorption, is as follows:
Qm=(W1-W0)/W0；
W 0 (g) and W 1 (g) are gel masses after drying and water absorption equilibration, respectively.
Determination of TOC and Ammonia-nitrogen Release Capacity: and (3) selecting a dried block sample of 0.5 g, immersing the dried block sample in 150: 150 mL deionized water for 48 hours, and then measuring parameters such as TOC, ammonia nitrogen and the like of the leachate.
Determination of water retention in soil: the water retention performance of the hydrogel is studied in field soil, 1.0g gel samples are mixed with 40. 40g soil and then filled in a 50 mL plastic centrifuge tube, then 15 mL tap water is slowly poured in, and the mass is recorded as W 1; the opening was placed in a laboratory in the dark and weighed daily and noted as W i. Blank groups the rest of the procedure was identical to the experimental group except that no gel sample was added. The water evaporation rate (W%) was calculated as follows:
W%=(（W1-Wi）/15)100。
Example 1
Experimental group: removing oil from kitchen waste, picking out foreign matters such as bones and the like from the kitchen waste, processing the foreign matters into biochar, removing sundries such as plastic bags, chopsticks and the like, mixing the kitchen waste with water according to a weight ratio of 1:5, pulping the mixture into slurry, and carrying out ultrasonic heat treatment on the slurry for 1h. The ultrasonic device adopts a U.S. Qsonica Q700,700 ultrasonic breaker, the ultrasonic frequency is 20, 20 kHz, the ultrasonic reaction temperature is 70 ℃, the amplitude is 96 μm, a pulse mode is adopted, the pulse starting time is 2 seconds, and the pulse stopping time is 3 seconds. Centrifuging the kitchen waste slurry subjected to ultrasonic treatment, and taking supernatant for later use. Adding the supernatant into a reaction vessel, placing the reaction vessel into a magnetic stirring water bath, adding 13.0 g shrimp shell powder into every 100g of kitchen waste slurry supernatant under the atmosphere of N 2, and stirring and preheating for 10min at 70 ℃. Then adding 1.0 g g of potassium acrylate, 8.6g of acrylic acid, 1.0 g potassium persulfate, 0.4 g N, N-methylene bisacrylamide and 0.1 g acrylamide into each 100g of supernatant fluid of the kitchen waste slurry, adding a reagent, stirring for 60min until the viscosity of the system is reached, and standing to obtain the hydrogel. And (3) washing the obtained hydrogel with ethanol for three times, washing with pure water for three times, and drying under hot vacuum for later use. Uniformly mixing the dried hydrogel and oyster shell powder according to a weight ratio of 5:2, adding a proper amount of pure water after uniformly mixing the biochar and the hydrogel according to a weight ratio of 1:20, reacting for 20min, thermally and vacuum drying for 1-2 d, and crushing to obtain the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer.
Control group: removing oil from kitchen waste, picking out foreign matters such as bones and the like from the kitchen waste, processing the foreign matters into biochar, removing sundries such as plastic bags, chopsticks and the like, mixing the kitchen waste with water according to a weight ratio of 1:5, pulping the mixture into slurry, and performing heat treatment on the slurry at 70 ℃ for 1h. Centrifuging the kitchen waste slurry subjected to heat treatment, and taking supernatant for later use. Adding the supernatant into a reaction vessel, placing the reaction vessel into a magnetic stirring water bath, adding 13.0 g shrimp shell powder into every 100g of kitchen waste slurry supernatant under the atmosphere of N 2, and stirring and preheating for 10min at 70 ℃. Then adding 1.0 g g of potassium acrylate, 8.6g of acrylic acid, 1.0 g potassium persulfate, 0.4 g N, N-methylene bisacrylamide and 0.1 g acrylamide into each 100g of supernatant fluid of the kitchen waste slurry, adding a reagent, stirring for 60min until the viscosity of the system is reached, and standing to obtain the hydrogel. And (3) washing the obtained hydrogel with ethanol for three times, washing with pure water for three times, and drying under hot vacuum for later use. Uniformly mixing the dried hydrogel, oyster shell powder and biochar according to the weight ratio of 5:2:0.2, adding a proper amount of pure water, reacting for 20min, thermally and vacuum drying for 1-2 d, and crushing to obtain the slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer for the control group.
As shown in figure 1, compared with oyster shell powder (figure 3), the surface of the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer can see obvious micropore structures, shrimp shell powder crystals and oyster shell powder crystals, and the prepared modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer has good water retention property and capability of slowly releasing nutrient substances.
The water absorption performance, TOC release and ammonia nitrogen release capacities of the prepared slow-release nitrogenous fertilizers of the experimental group and the control group are measured, and the results are shown in table 1:
Table 1 comparison Table of Water absorption Properties, TOC Release, ammonia Nitrogen Capacity of Experimental group and control group
| Experimental group | Blank control group | |
| TOC(mg/L) | 1613.5 | 240.5 |
| NH3-N (mg/L) | 31.5 | 2.3 |
| Water absorption (g/g) | 170.9 | 45.7 |
From table 1, after ultrasonic heat treatment is added, TOC, ammonia nitrogen and water absorption of the leaching solution are greatly improved, which indicates that the nondegradable macromolecules in the kitchen waste are degraded into small molecules, and crosslinking sites are added, so that the water absorption and sustained release performance of the modified compound fertilizer are further improved, and the recycling of the kitchen waste is realized to a greater extent.
The water retention performance of the prepared experimental group in soil is measured, and as shown in a graph 2, the weight of a blank group without the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is not changed any more at 19d, the weight of the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is not changed any more at 22d, and the water evaporation rate of the experimental group with the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is always smaller than that of the blank group. The modified composite water-retention gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer has good water retention performance in soil.
The method for measuring the urea leaching loss N of the prepared modified composite hydrogel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer comprises the following steps: drying a soil sample without pollution, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, weighing 40.0 g quartz stone, and placing into a leaching device; after calculating the N content in the urea, fully mixing the modified composite hydrogel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and urea with the same N content with 200.0 g soil respectively, placing the mixture into a leaching device, and covering the surface layer with 40.0 undersize soil; 125 mL deionized water was sprayed 3 times (45 mL, 40mL, 40mL respectively) on top of the centrifuge tube soil, filtrate 24 h was collected, and the filtrate volume was calculated and the TN content in the filtrate was determined. The N leaching loss rate (Leaching loss ratio, LLR) is calculated by the following equation: llr= (leaching loss amount of TN)/tn×100%.
As shown in the figure 3, under the condition of the same N element, the loss rate of the N element in the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is 20.1 percent after 24 h leaching, which is far lower than the loss rate of the N element (56.8 percent) of pure urea, and the phenomenon shows that the prepared hydrogel slow-release fertilizer sample can effectively control the leaching loss of fertilizer nutrients and has the N element retaining and slow-release capacities.
Example 2
Removing oil from kitchen waste, picking out foreign matters such as bones and the like from the kitchen waste, processing the foreign matters into biochar, removing sundries such as plastic bags, chopsticks and the like, mixing the kitchen waste with water according to a weight ratio of 1:5, pulping the mixture into slurry, and carrying out ultrasonic heat treatment on the slurry by 0.8 h. The ultrasonic frequency is 20 kHz, the ultrasonic reaction temperature is 75 ℃, the amplitude is 120 mu m, a pulse mode is adopted, the pulse starting time is 6 seconds, and the pulse stopping time is 3 seconds. Centrifuging, and collecting supernatant. Adding the supernatant into a reaction vessel, placing into a magnetic stirring water bath, adding 20.0 g shrimp shell powder into every 100g of kitchen waste slurry supernatant under the atmosphere of N 2, and stirring and preheating at 80 ℃ for 10min. Then adding 1.0 g g of potassium acrylate, 8.6g of acrylic acid, 1.3 g g of potassium persulfate, 0.4 g of N, N-methylenebisacrylamide and 0.2 g g of acrylamide into each 100g of supernatant of the kitchen waste slurry, stirring for 40min until the viscosity of the system is reached, and standing to obtain the hydrogel. And (3) washing the obtained hydrogel with ethanol for three times, washing with pure water for three times, and drying under hot vacuum for later use. Uniformly mixing the dried hydrogel, oyster shell powder and biochar according to the weight ratio of 5:2, adding a proper amount of pure water after uniformly mixing the biochar and the hydrogel according to the weight ratio of 1:50, reacting for 20min, thermally and vacuum drying for 1-2 d, and smashing to obtain the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer.
Measurement of seed germination rate: uniformly mixing the obtained modified composite hydrogel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and urea with the same N content with 200g of razor clam stone respectively, respectively spreading 20 Shanghai green seeds, then placing into a plant intelligent incubator, setting the humidity to 70%, the temperature to between 6:00 and 19:00 at 25 ℃, and the illumination intensity to 400%mol m-2 S -1, the rest time temperature is 20 ℃, and the illumination intensity is 0molm-2 S -1. After curing for 7d, the germination rate of the seeds is calculated. The germination rates of the seeds obtained are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 Effect of different fertilizers on seed germination Rate
| Fertilizer type | Seed germination rate |
| Not applied with | 51% |
| Urea | 57% |
| Modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer | 75% |
As can be seen from Table 2, the experimental group with the modified composite hydrogel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer applied had the highest seed germination rate. Therefore, the modified composite water-retention gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer has a promoting effect on seed germination.
Effects on soil fertility: the obtained modified composite hydrogel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and urea with the same N content are respectively and uniformly mixed with soil under 300 g sieve, and then the mixture is put into an environment with 30 ℃ and 70% humidity for curing, and is watered for 20 ml every 2 d. After curing 40 d, the soil is taken out and the corresponding soil index is measured. The soil index obtained is shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 Effect of different fertilizers on soil fertility
| No fertilizer was applied | Urea | Modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer | |
| pH | 7.59 | 7.40 | 7.38 |
| Organic matter (g/kg) | 13.5 | 13.9 | 26.2 |
| Cation exchange capacity (cmol (+)/kg) | 7.50 | 8.35 | 9.10 |
| Total nitrogen (g/kg) | 0.640 | 0.901 | 1.012 |
| Total phosphorus (g/kg) | 0.639 | 0.789 | 0.843 |
| Whole potassium (g/kg) | 12.5 | 12.4 | 15.6 |
| Exchangeable potassium (cmol/kg) | 0.39 | 0.50 | 0.92 |
| Exchangeable calcium (cmol/kg) | 62.9 | 86.3 | 91.2 |
| Exchangeable sodium (cmol/kg) | 0.34 | 0.35 | 1.20 |
| Exchangeable magnesium (cmol/kg) | 4.40 | 4.60 | 5.23 |
As shown in Table 3, the effect of different fertilizers on soil fertility shows that the application of the modified composite hydrogel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer has a certain increase compared with the application of urea except for the basic unchanged pH. The organic matters are lower (13.5 g/kg) in the original soil, and after the modified composite hydrogel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the content of the organic matters is increased to 26.2g/kg, which indicates that the organic matters in the modified composite hydrogel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer are released into the soil, so that the organic matters held in soil particles are greatly increased. The total nitrogen and total phosphorus of the applied urea and modified composite hydrogel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer are also greatly increased relative to the unapplied soil, which benefits from the N-element release supply therein. In particular, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium of the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer are also improved, and the release of calcium and magnesium elements in oyster shell powder coupled in the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is benefited.
As shown in figure 2, compared with oyster shell powder, obvious micropore structures can be seen on the surface of the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, and shrimp shell powder crystals and oyster shell powder crystals, which demonstrate that the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer has good water-retaining property and slow-release nutrient capacity.
The previous description of the embodiments is provided to facilitate a person of ordinary skill in the art in order to make and use the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be readily made to these embodiments and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and those skilled in the art, based on the present disclosure, should make improvements and modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. The preparation method of the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer based on the kitchen waste is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Pretreating the kitchen waste to remove impurities and oil, and then adding water to break and slurry to obtain kitchen waste slurry;
(2) Carrying out ultrasonic heat treatment on the kitchen waste slurry, and centrifuging to obtain supernatant; the temperature of the ultrasonic heat treatment is 50-80 ℃; the ultrasonic heat treatment time is 0.1-1 h; the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic heat treatment is 20 kHz, and the ultrasonic amplitude is 36-120 mu m;
(3) Adding shrimp shell powder into the supernatant at 70-90 ℃ and fully mixing to obtain modified slurry;
(4) Under the protection of inert gas, adding acrylate, acrylic acid, N-methylene bisacrylamide, potassium persulfate and acrylamide into the modified slurry, and reacting to obtain gel;
(5) Mixing the gel obtained in the step (4) with oyster shell powder, biochar and water, and reacting for 20min to obtain the modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer.
2. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the water added in the step (1) to the kitchen waste is 2-6:1.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the ultrasonic heat treatment in the step (2) is 65 to 75 ℃; the ultrasonic heat treatment time is 0.1-1 h; the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic heat treatment is 20 kHz, and the ultrasonic amplitude is 60-120 mu m.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic heat treatment in step (2) is in a pulse mode.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the pulse mode is a start time of 3 to 6 seconds and a stop time of 1 to 3 seconds.
6. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the shrimp shell meal to the supernatant in the step (3) is 5-20:100.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the mass ratio of the acrylic acid salt, the acrylic acid, the N, N-methylenebisacrylamide, the potassium persulfate, the acrylamide and the supernatant is 0-2:3.1-15.1:0.2-0.8:0.7-2.2:0.1-0.3:100.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the weight ratio of the oyster shell powder to the dried hydrogel is 1:2-5, and the weight ratio of the biochar to the dried hydrogel is 1:20-50.
9. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein the step (5) further comprises a step of thermally and vacuum drying the obtained modified composite water-retaining gel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, and the thermal and vacuum drying time is 1 d-2 d.
10. The modified composite hydrogel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-9.
11. Use of the modified composite hydrogel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-9.
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| CN110577433A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-12-17 | 同济大学 | Preparation method of kitchen waste-based composite gel slow-release fertilizer |
| CN112189531A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-01-08 | 施亚琼 | Method for preparing slow-release culture soil based on kitchen waste |
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