CN115093507A - Preparation method of fireproof material coupling chlorine/phosphorus elements and organic functional group characteristics of kitchen waste - Google Patents
Preparation method of fireproof material coupling chlorine/phosphorus elements and organic functional group characteristics of kitchen waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN115093507A CN115093507A CN202210436987.6A CN202210436987A CN115093507A CN 115093507 A CN115093507 A CN 115093507A CN 202210436987 A CN202210436987 A CN 202210436987A CN 115093507 A CN115093507 A CN 115093507A
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- fireproof material
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- flame retardant
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- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical group [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009283 thermal hydrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003017 phosphorus Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011837 N,N-methylenebisacrylamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001002 functional polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035440 response to pH Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006903 response to temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F251/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/44—Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F251/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
- C08F251/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polysaccharides or derivatives thereof on to cellulose or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F289/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to macromolecular compounds not provided for in groups C08F251/00 - C08F287/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/16—Halogen-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/16—Halogen-containing compounds
- C08K2003/166—Magnesium halide, e.g. magnesium chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K2003/321—Phosphates
- C08K2003/324—Alkali metal phosphate
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a fireproof material for coupling chlorine/phosphorus elements and organic functional group characteristics of kitchen waste, which comprises the following steps: taking the residual kitchen waste in a restaurant or a canteen, and pretreating the residual kitchen waste to obtain kitchen waste slurry serving as a base substance for synthesizing a fireproof material; secondly, measuring the contents of chlorine and phosphorus elements in the substrate slurry, and determining the proportion of the added flame retardant; thirdly, adding a quantitative flame retardant mixed solution into a constant-temperature water bath at a certain temperature, and fully stirring; fourthly, adding a certain amount of acrylic acid, N-methylene bisacrylamide and potassium persulfate under the atmosphere of normal pressure, and fully stirring for reaction; and fifthly, stirring at a proper speed until a certain viscosity of the system appears, stopping stirring, and standing for a certain time to complete the preparation of the gel fireproof material. The invention prepares the polymer materials such as the composite gel fireproof material after pulping and pretreating perishable organic garbage, is used in the fields of fire safety, agriculture, environment and the like, and realizes the rapid directional conversion of the polymer materials into high value-added products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solid waste treatment and recycling, belongs to the field of perishable organic solid waste recycling, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a fireproof material coupling the characteristics of chlorine/phosphorus elements and organic functional groups in kitchen waste.
Background
The classification of domestic garbage is a major strategic requirement of the country, and perishable organic garbage (wet garbage) accounts for 60% of the domestic garbage, and is about 1.2 hundred million tons every year in the country. The water content of the perishable organic garbage is 60-80%, the anaerobic fermentation produces biogas and aerobic compost, the water content is not suitable, and the carbon conversion rate is low; the water content is too high and the calorific value is not high when the fuel is incinerated for power generation. A large amount of perishable organic waste is still mixed with domestic waste for landfill disposal.
Macroscopically, the perishable organic wastes are extremely easy to putrefy, biodegrade and chemically decompose, and microscopically, the perishable organic wastes contain typical components such as starch, cellulose and protein, contain characteristic functional groups such as-OH, -COOH and C ═ C, and have the characteristic of undergoing radical polymerization. Therefore, the perishable organic wastes are high-activity biochemical materials, wherein starch and cellulose are linear polymers with repeating units, monomers contain single bonds such as-OH, C-C, C-O and the like, functional polymers or super absorbent resins with response to temperature and pH are prepared by graft copolymerization of the starch and the cellulose with monomers such as Acrylic Acid (AA), Acrylamide (AM), Acrylonitrile (AN) and the like, and the high-activity biochemical materials are used for heat insulation and flame retardance, soil water retention, wastewater heavy metal adsorption and the like; proteins are complex polymers formed by arranging amino acid monomers in different sequences, and are usually polymerized and crosslinked with other substances to improve the properties of thermodynamics, rheology, adsorbability and the like. Therefore, the method is suitable for producing high polymer materials after pulping and pretreatment of the perishable organic wastes, is used in the fields of fire safety, agriculture, environment and the like, and realizes the rapid directional conversion of the perishable organic wastes into high value-added products.
At present, easily degradable organic wastes such as kitchen wastes, vegetable wastes in vegetable farms, livestock and poultry manure and the like are focused on aspects such as anaerobic fermentation, aerobic composting and the like. In the subject group, a method (No.201710072875.6) for preparing hydrogel as a soil water-retaining agent by using vegetable field waste is researched at the early stage, and for kitchen waste, a technology and a method for preparing a gel fireproof material by polymerization by using halogen elements and phosphorus elements contained in the kitchen waste and by means of the activity reaction characteristics of characteristic functional groups under the condition of adding an additive and a flame retardant are not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a fireproof material coupling chlorine/phosphorus elements and organic functional group characteristics of kitchen waste, which is used for pulping and pretreating perishable organic waste to prepare a composite gel fireproof material which is a high polymer material, is used in the fields of fire safety, agriculture, environment and the like, realizes the rapid directional conversion of the composite gel fireproof material into a high-added-value product, and can avoid the problems of high loss of nutrient elements, serious attached secondary pollution and the like in the traditional biological treatment process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a fireproof material coupling chlorine/phosphorus elements and organic functional group characteristics of kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
s1, taking the residual kitchen waste in a restaurant or a canteen, and pretreating the residual kitchen waste to obtain kitchen waste slurry serving as a substrate substance for synthesizing the fireproof material;
s2, measuring the contents of chlorine and phosphorus elements in the substrate slurry, and determining the proportion of the added flame retardant;
s3, adding a certain amount of flame retardant mixed solution into a constant-temperature water bath at a fixed temperature, and fully stirring;
s4, adding acrylic acid, N-methylene-bisacrylamide and potassium persulfate in the atmosphere of normal pressure, and fully stirring for reaction;
and S5, stirring until the system has viscosity, and standing to complete the preparation of the gel fireproof material.
Preferably, after the kitchen waste is pretreated in the step S1, bones, bamboo chopsticks, tissues, plastic fragments and the like in the kitchen waste are manually removed, and after pulping, thermal hydrolysis is performed for 2 hours at a water bath temperature of 80 ± 5 ℃, wherein the action principle of the thermal hydrolysis is that macromolecules in a particle state are converted towards a dissolved state at a temperature of 80 ± 5 ℃ in the slurry of the kitchen waste, so that the dissolution of macromolecules such as starch, cellulose, protein and the like in the kitchen waste is realized.
Preferably, in the step 2, the chlorine and phosphorus elements in the kitchen waste slurry are measured mainly because the Cl-series, P-series and inorganic metal substances have flame retardant properties; the amount of the flame retardant to be added is determined according to the content of the slurry.
Preferably, the flame retardant is mainly chloride or phosphorus, the addition amount of the flame retardant is determined according to the content of chlorine and phosphorus in the slurry, and the mass ratio of the addition amount to the slurry is 1: 10-1: 20.
preferably, magnesium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are used as the phosphorus series substances.
Preferably, the temperature of the constant-temperature water bath in the step S3 is 70 ± 5 ℃.
Preferably, the reaction stirring speed in the step S3 is 150-200 r/m.
Preferably, in the step S4, the mass ratio of the added amount of acrylic acid, the added amount of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, the added amount of potassium persulfate to the slurry is 15 to 20: 3-5: 0.5 to 1.0: 500.
preferably, the time for stirring until the viscosity of the system appears in the step S5 is 20-40 min.
The invention prepares the polymer materials such as the composite gel fireproof material after pulping and pretreating perishable organic garbage, is used in the fields of fire safety, agriculture, environment and the like, and realizes the rapid directional conversion of the polymer materials into high value-added products. The invention provides a new idea and a new method for the resource treatment of the existing perishable organic garbage, and simultaneously avoids the problems of high nutrient element loss, serious secondary pollution and the like in the traditional biological treatment process.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
The invention provides a preparation method of a fireproof material for coupling chlorine/phosphorus elements and organic functional group characteristics of kitchen waste, which comprises the following steps:
s1, taking the residual kitchen waste in a restaurant or a canteen, and pretreating the residual kitchen waste to obtain kitchen waste slurry serving as a substrate substance for synthesizing the fireproof material;
s2, measuring the contents of chlorine and phosphorus elements in the substrate slurry, and determining the proportion of the added flame retardant;
s3, adding a quantitative flame retardant mixed solution into a constant-temperature water bath at a fixed temperature, and fully stirring;
s4, adding acrylic acid, N-methylene bisacrylamide and potassium persulfate under the normal pressure atmosphere, and fully stirring for reaction;
and S5, stirring until the system has viscosity, and standing to complete the preparation of the gel fireproof material.
Further, after the kitchen waste is pretreated in the step S1, bones, bamboo chopsticks, tissues, plastic chips and the like in the kitchen waste are manually removed, and after pulping treatment, thermal hydrolysis is performed for 2 hours at the water bath temperature of 80 ± 5 ℃, wherein the action principle of the thermal hydrolysis is that the macromolecules in the particle state are converted towards the dissolution state at the temperature of 80 ± 5 ℃ in the kitchen waste slurry, so that the dissolution of the macromolecules such as starch, cellulose, protein and the like in the kitchen waste is realized.
Further, in the step 2, chlorine and phosphorus in the kitchen waste slurry are measured mainly because Cl-series, P-series and inorganic metal substances have flame retardant properties; the amount of the flame retardant to be added is determined according to the content of the slurry.
Further, the flame retardant is mainly chloride or phosphorus, the addition amount of the flame retardant is determined according to the content of chlorine and phosphorus in the slurry, and the mass ratio of the addition amount to the slurry is 1: 10-1: 20; the phosphorus series material adopts magnesium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Further, the temperature of the constant-temperature water bath in the step S3 is 70 +/-5 ℃, and the reaction stirring speed is 150-200 r/min.
Further, in the step S4, the mass ratio of the added amount of acrylic acid, the added amount of N, N-methylene-bisacrylamide, the added amount of potassium persulfate to the slurry is 15-20: 3-5: 0.5-1.0: 500.
further, the time for stirring until the viscosity of the system appears in the step S5 is 20-40 min.
The invention prepares the polymer materials such as the composite gel fireproof material after pulping and pretreating perishable organic garbage, is used in the fields of fire safety, agriculture, environment and the like, and realizes the rapid directional conversion of the polymer materials into high value-added products. The invention provides a new idea and a new method for the resource treatment of the existing perishable organic garbage, and simultaneously avoids the problems of high nutrient element loss, serious secondary pollution and the like in the traditional biological treatment process.
The following analyses were performed with specific data:
examples
In the embodiment, the contents of chlorine and phosphorus in the kitchen waste are detected, and the kitchen waste is tested to contain 0.9-1.2% of chlorine and 0.1-0.3% of phosphorus. According to the determination of chlorine and phosphorus content, the mass ratio of sodium dihydrogen phosphate to the kitchen waste slurry in the embodiment is 1: 10, and finally obtaining the kitchen waste based gel fireproof material through the preparation method and steps of the gel fireproof material.
When testing the water absorption performance of the gel fireproof material, 5.0g of completely dehydrated gel samples are taken from each group, placed in a beaker filled with water for absorbing water, and the weight of the gel is measured at 3h, 9h, 24h, 48h and 72 h. After the fire retardant is added into the gel, the water retention property and the water absorption property of the gel are not greatly influenced, and the gel still has good water retention property and water absorption property and plays a positive role in the fireproof and flame retardant properties of the gel. It can be seen more intuitively that adding a single flame retardant will enhance the water retention and absorption properties of the gel, while adding the mixture mainly pays more attention to the proportions thereof.
When the influence of the using amount of the flame retardant in the gel fireproof material on the flame retardant performance of the gel is tested, experiments are carried out by using a horizontal/vertical combustion instrument under the UL94 standard and the GB2408 standard, and the experimental device and the experimental table are shown as follows. During the experiment, the gel prepared from each group is cut into strips according to the corresponding requirements of the standard experiment, and according to the UL-94 experiment requirements, the horizontal combustion test is firstly carried out: after two 10 second burn tests by the instrument, each group was extinguished within 10s and no melt ignited the cotton wool below. Meanwhile, the difference between the burnt length after combustion and the actual length is measured to be not large, the combustion speed is obviously lower than the HB grade requirement, and the flame retardant property is good. Then, a vertical burning test is carried out according to the standard of GB 2408: the blast burner is inclined by 45 degrees to burn the sample, no obvious afterflame is generated after the first combustion and the second combustion of each group of combustion, no melt-down matter is generated, and the result shows that the gel vertical combustion meets the requirement of 5 VA-level fireproof materials through calculation of data such as total afterflame time and the like.
The prepared gel fireproof material has good effects on water absorption performance and water retention performance, so that the gel fireproof material can meet fireproof requirements, has excellent performance on flame retardance, and also shows that the material can effectively resist sudden conditions under high temperature or combustion conditions. The stable mechanical properties of the gel fire-retardant material enable it to adapt to most working environments.
The following table 1 and table 2 show the results of examining the influence of the amount of the added flame retardant on the water absorption performance and the flame retardant performance of the obtained kitchen waste-based gel fireproof material for the present embodiment.
Table 1 shows the change of the water absorption performance of the gel fireproof material prepared with the addition of the sodium dihydrogen phosphate flame retardant along with time.
TABLE 1
| Time (hours) | Mass of gel Material (g) | Water absorption rate (times) |
| 0 | 5.0 | 0 |
| 3 | 10.4 | 1.08 |
| 9 | 14.3 | 1.86 |
| 24 | 15.9 | 2.18 |
| 48 | 16.1 | 2.22 |
Table 2 shows the flame retardant property analysis of the gel fire-retardant material prepared with the addition of sodium dihydrogen phosphate flame retardant.
TABLE 2
| Group of | Burning time(s) |
| Blank group | 3.75 |
| The addition of the flame retardant is 10 percent | 6.15 |
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention and the equivalent alternatives or modifications according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a fireproof material for coupling chlorine/phosphorus elements and organic functional group characteristics of kitchen waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, taking the residual kitchen waste in a restaurant or a dining hall, and pretreating the residual kitchen waste to obtain kitchen waste slurry serving as a base substance for synthesizing the fireproof material;
s2, measuring the contents of chlorine and phosphorus elements in the substrate slurry, and determining the proportion of the added flame retardant;
s3, adding a quantitative flame retardant mixed solution into a constant-temperature water bath at a fixed temperature, and fully stirring;
s4, adding acrylic acid, N-methylene bisacrylamide and potassium persulfate under the normal pressure atmosphere, and fully stirring for reaction;
and S5, stopping stirring until the viscosity of the system appears, and standing to complete the preparation of the gel fireproof material.
2. The method for preparing a fireproof material coupling chlorine/phosphorus elements and organic functional group characteristics of kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, after the kitchen waste is pretreated, bones, bamboo chopsticks, paper towels, plastic fragments and the like in the kitchen waste are manually removed, and after pulping treatment, thermal hydrolysis is performed for 2 hours at a water bath temperature of 80 ± 5 ℃, wherein the action principle of the thermal hydrolysis is that the macromolecules in a particle state are converted to a dissolved state at a temperature of 80 ± 5 ℃ in the slurry of the kitchen waste, so that the macromolecules such as starch, cellulose and protein in the kitchen waste are dissolved out.
3. The method for preparing a fireproof material coupling chlorine/phosphorus elements and organic functional group characteristics of kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, chlorine and phosphorus elements in the kitchen waste slurry are measured mainly because Cl-series, P-series, and inorganic metal substances have flame retardant properties; the amount of the flame retardant to be added is determined according to the content of the slurry.
4. The preparation method of the fireproof material for coupling the chlorine/phosphorus elements and the organic functional group characteristics of the kitchen waste according to claim 3, wherein the flame retardant is mainly chloride or phosphorus series, the addition amount of the flame retardant is determined according to the content of the existing chlorine and phosphorus elements in the slurry, and the mass ratio of the addition amount to the slurry is 1: 10-1: 20.
5. the preparation method of the fireproof material for coupling the chlorine/phosphorus elements and the organic functional group characteristics of the kitchen waste according to claim 4, wherein the phosphorus series substance is magnesium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
6. The method for preparing the fireproof material for coupling the characteristics of chlorine/phosphorus elements and organic functional groups in kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the constant-temperature water bath in the step S3 is 70 +/-5 ℃.
7. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 6, wherein the reaction stirring speed in the step S3 is 150-200 rpm.
8. The preparation method of the fireproof material for coupling the chlorine/phosphorus element and organic functional group characteristics of the kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the mass ratio of the added amount of acrylic acid, the added amount of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, the added amount of potassium persulfate to the slurry is 15-20: 3-5: 0.5-1.0: 500.
9. the preparation method of the fireproof material for coupling the characteristics of the chlorine/phosphorus element and the organic functional group in the kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the time for stirring until the viscosity of the system is 20-40min in the step S5.
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