CN110574824A - Utilization method of vegetable oil cake meal - Google Patents

Utilization method of vegetable oil cake meal Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110574824A
CN110574824A CN201910660669.6A CN201910660669A CN110574824A CN 110574824 A CN110574824 A CN 110574824A CN 201910660669 A CN201910660669 A CN 201910660669A CN 110574824 A CN110574824 A CN 110574824A
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Prior art keywords
cake
enzymolysis
protein
liquid
oil cake
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邹学满
邹凌
邹远飞
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GUANGZHOU BOCAI BIOTECHNOLOGY CO Ltd
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GUANGZHOU BOCAI BIOTECHNOLOGY CO Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K10/00Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K10/00Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K10/00Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a utilization method of vegetable oil cake meal, which comprises the following steps: step (1): grinding the cake, adding water to form slurry, adding protease to obtain an enzymolysis product, and filtering to obtain a filtrate and filter residue; step (2): adding water, cellulase and/or hemicellulase into filter residue for enzymolysis to obtain enzymolysis liquid, sterilizing to obtain sterilized liquid, and adding microorganism strain capable of secreting hydrolysis cellulose or hemicellulase protein into the sterilized liquid as organic carbon source for microorganism fermentation to obtain microorganism fermentation liquid. The invention can completely utilize the vegetable oil cake, and converts the protein and cellulose in the vegetable oil cake to prepare the protein product or amino acid product through a series of steps on the cakes such as cottonseed cake, rapeseed cake, castor cake, flax cake, camellia seed cake and oakenia seed cake containing toxin and anti-nutritional factors, and can be used as animal feed.

Description

Utilization method of vegetable oil cake meal
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microbial fermentation and resource regeneration, in particular to a utilization method of plant oil cakes.
Background
The protein feed refers to beans, vegetable oil cakes and the like with natural water content of less than 45%, crude fiber of dry matter of less than 18% and crude protein content of 20% or more in dry matter. Protein feeds can be classified into four major types, i.e., vegetable protein feeds, animal protein feeds, single-cell protein feeds, and non-protein ammonia feeds, according to the source. The plant protein feed comprises cakes, leguminous seeds, starch industrial byproducts and the like, wherein the cakes are mainly used in the compound feed in China, and the plant protein is a main source of the protein feed in China, so that the plant protein feed has the advantages of multiple varieties, wide source, low price and the like. How to strengthen the reasonable development and utilization of the existing plant protein feed resources is an important research content. Except soybean meal, peanut meal and sunflower meal, other vegetable oil cakes contain different types of toxins and anti-nutritional factors, the use of protein feed is severely restricted, and the total amount of dry and solid substances reaches more than ten million tons.
Although there are many researches on how to remove cake toxins and improve the utilization rate of cake proteins, the processes are complicated, the utilization rate maximization cannot be realized, and many proteins cannot be utilized. For example, patent publication No. CN101897383A discloses a method for removing toxic substances from cotton and rapeseed meal and improving nutritive value by fermentation, which is based on the principle that the content of harmful components can be reduced by mixing cotton and rapeseed meal to make them complementary and diluting effect. By reducing cellulose, amino acid digestibility is improved. However, the preparation method has the following disadvantages: 1. the complementarity can be realized only by mixing the cottonseed meal and the rapeseed meal, and the method is not suitable for other cakes; 2. in the method, the fermentation of the microorganisms utilizes the protein of the cake, so that the waste of the protein of the cake is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a utilization method of vegetable oil cake dregs, which can effectively and comprehensively utilize the vegetable oil cake dregs containing toxin and anti-nutritional factors to process and obtain amino acid or protein products, wherein cellulose, toxic substances and anti-nutritional factors are also completely utilized.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a utilization method of vegetable oil cake meal comprises the following steps:
Step (1): grinding the cake, adding water to form slurry, adding protease to obtain an enzymolysis product, and filtering to obtain a filtrate and filter residue;
Step (2): adding water, cellulase and/or hemicellulase into filter residue for enzymolysis to obtain enzymolysis liquid, sterilizing to obtain sterilized liquid, and adding microbial strain capable of secreting enzyme protein capable of hydrolyzing cellulose or hemicellulose into the sterilized liquid as organic carbon source for microbial fermentation to obtain microbial fermentation liquid.
The cake is firstly subjected to enzymolysis by protease, and the mixture of the amino acid and the peptide substance is water-soluble substance, so that the mixture of the amino acid and the peptide substance exists in the filtrate after filtration. The method can realize extraction of more than 95% of protein content in the cake. The residual protein, cellulose, hemicellulose and toxic substances or anti-nutritional factors exist in the filter residue, the filter residue is soaked in water, cellulase and/or hemicellulase are added for enzymolysis, and then the treatment solution is used as an organic carbon source for microbial fermentation and added with microbial strains for fermentation. Toxic substances and anti-nutritional factors in the cakes are used as organic carbon sources for microbial culture and are completely absorbed and utilized by microbes, and then cell proteins of the microbes are directly used as protein supply sources, so that the protein sources are greatly enriched, and subsequently prepared feed products can be effectively absorbed by the animals.
Preferably, in the step (2), cellulase is firstly added for enzymolysis to obtain cellulase enzymolysis liquid, and hemicellulase is then added for enzymolysis to obtain mixed enzymolysis liquid of the cellulase enzymolysis liquid and the hemicellulase enzymolysis liquid. The weight ratio of the cellulase to the hemicellulase is (1-5): (1-5); the temperature required by enzymolysis is 40-50 ℃ and the time is 1-3 hours.
In the step (1), the temperature range of enzymolysis is 38-43 ℃, and the time is 1-6 hours;
By another approach, the filtrate in step (1) can be utilized, in particular: in the step (1), the filtrate passes through a cation resin exchange column, the cation resin exchange column is eluted by ammonia water, and the eluent is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a concentrated solution containing amino acid; or, in the step (1), the filtrate is subjected to spray drying to obtain the amino acid product. Through this step, can accomplish the comprehensive utilization of vegetable oil cake dregs: carrying out enzymolysis on protein in the cake, separating and purifying to obtain an amino acid product; the organic carbon source required by the fermentation of microbial strains is obtained after the fibers in the cakes are subjected to enzymolysis, and the fermentation of the microorganisms can be completed only by adding a certain amount of inorganic nitrogen source (the nitrogen source can be added before the fermentation, can also be added in the fermentation process, and can also be added in batches in two time periods), so that the microbial fermentation liquor (a large amount of protein exists in the microbial fermentation liquor and can be directly used as a protein supply source) is obtained. Therefore, compared with the traditional cake processing method, the cake can be deeply and comprehensively utilized, and the method is efficient and environment-friendly.
In the step (2), adding protease into the microbial fermentation liquor of the microbial fermentation liquor, hydrolyzing proteins in microbial mycelia, passing through a cation resin exchange column, eluting the cation resin exchange column with ammonia water, and concentrating the eluent under reduced pressure to obtain a concentrated solution containing amino acid; or, in the step (2), the protein product is obtained by spray drying the microbial fermentation liquor.
The concentration of ammonia water eluted by the cation resin exchange column is 0.5-1.2 mol/L.
The cake comprises one or more of cottonseed cake, rapeseed cake, castor cake, sesame cake, camellia seed cake, and linkage wood seed cake. Or other cake for squeezing vegetable oil. The cakes contain a large amount of protein, cellulose and toxic substances, cannot be directly eaten by animals, and can be used as an organic carbon source required by the growth of microorganisms to provide microbial fermentation.
The microbial strains include but are not limited to one or more of geotrichum candidum, candida, trichoderma, shiitake and mushroom; the strain can secrete enzyme protein for hydrolyzing cellulose and hemicellulose.
Preferably, the microbial strains comprise one or two of geotrichum candidum and candida.
In the step (2), the fermentation temperature is 30-35 ℃, and the fermentation time is 20-40 hours;
Preferably, the fermentation time is 25-32 hours.
In the step (2), adding a nitrogen source into the sterilization treatment solution before fermentation; the nitrogen source comprises inorganic ammonium salt; the inorganic ammonium salt comprises ammonium bicarbonate and/or urea.
the amino acid-containing concentrated solution obtained by the utilization method of the vegetable oil cake meal is applied to preparing amino acid-containing animal feed.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
The invention utilizes protein and cellulose in vegetable oil cake dregs containing toxin completely through two ways of a set of process, can prepare amino acid products or protein products (the products do not contain toxin), and can further produce animal feed. The method has the advantages of simple process, loose process conditions and almost no waste discharge, is suitable for equipment of microbial fermentation plants at the present stage, and can be popularized quickly.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but the technical solutions of the present invention are not limited by the following examples.
The protein content test method adopts a Kjeldahl method in GB 5009.5-2010.
The following experiments are laboratory experiments, and the used amount of protease, cellulase and the like is high, but the proportion used in actual production is reduced. However, other temperatures and times may be adjusted within ranges to scale up to actual production conditions.
example 1: soaking 10g of rapeseed cake meal in proper amount of water, grinding into slurry, adding 1g of protease, performing enzymolysis at 40 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain an enzymolysis product, and filtering by using a solid-liquid separation technology to obtain filtrate and filter residue; passing the filtrate through a cation resin exchange column, then using 0.8mol/L ammonia water to perform desorption to obtain amino acid desorption solution, and performing reduced pressure concentration on the amino acid desorption solution to obtain an amino acid concentrated solution product; adding water and 0.5g of cellulase into filter residue for enzymolysis, adding 0.5g of hemicellulase for enzymolysis, and carrying out enzymolysis for 2 hours at 40 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution of cellulase hydrolysate and hemicellulase hydrolysate. Then, after steam sterilization treatment, 0.2g of urea is added to obtain a culture solution, geotrichum candidum is added, the fermentation temperature is 30-35 ℃, the fermentation time is 28 hours, microbial fermentation liquor is obtained, and a protein product is obtained after steam spray drying.
Example 2: soaking 10g of rapeseed cake meal in proper amount of water, grinding into slurry, adding 1g of protease, performing enzymolysis at 40 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain an enzymolysis product, and filtering by using a plate-and-frame filter press to obtain filtrate and filter residue; passing the filtrate through a cation resin exchange column, then using 0.8mol/L ammonia water to perform desorption to obtain amino acid desorption solution, and performing reduced pressure concentration on the amino acid desorption solution to obtain an amino acid concentrated solution product; adding water and 0.5g of cellulase into filter residue for enzymolysis, adding 0.5g of hemicellulase for enzymolysis, and carrying out enzymolysis for 2 hours at 40 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution of cellulase hydrolysate and hemicellulase hydrolysate. Then sterilizing, adding 0.2g urea to obtain culture solution, adding candida, fermenting at 30-35 deg.C for 30 hr to obtain microbial fermentation liquid, and steam spray drying to obtain protein product.
Example 3: soaking 10g of rapeseed cake meal in proper amount of water, grinding into slurry, adding 1g of protease, performing enzymolysis at 40 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain an enzymolysis product, and filtering by using a solid-liquid separation technology to obtain filtrate and filter residue; passing the filtrate through a cation resin exchange column, then using 0.8mol/L ammonia water to perform desorption to obtain amino acid desorption solution, and performing reduced pressure concentration on the amino acid desorption solution to obtain an amino acid concentrated solution product; soaking the filter residue in water, adding 0.5g of cellulase for enzymolysis, adding 0.5g of hemicellulase for enzymolysis, and carrying out enzymolysis for 2 hours at 40 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution of the cellulase hydrolysate and the hemicellulase hydrolysate. Then sterilizing with steam to obtain a treatment solution, adding 0.2g of urea into the treatment solution to obtain a microorganism culture solution, and adding trichoderma, wherein the fermentation temperature is 31-35 ℃, and the fermentation time is 28 hours to obtain a microorganism fermentation broth product; and (3) performing cation resin ion exchange on the microbial fermentation liquid product, then dissociating with ammonia water to obtain an amino acid dissociation liquid, and concentrating the amino acid dissociation liquid under reduced pressure to obtain an amino acid mixture concentrated product.
Example 4: example 4 differs from example 1 in that rapeseed cake was replaced with camellia seed cake, and other parameters and conditions were unchanged.
example 5: the difference between example 5 and example 1 is that the enzymolysis is carried out for 2 hours without adding 0.5g of hemicellulase, and the sterilization treatment is directly carried out after the enzymolysis is finished.
Comparative example 1: the Geotrichum candidum of comparative example 1 was replaced with yeast, Lactobacillus, and Rhodopseudomonas palustris as compared to example 1, and the remaining formulation and preparation method were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2: soaking 10g of rapeseed cake meal in proper amount of water, grinding into slurry, adding 0.5g of cellulase for enzymolysis, adding 0.5g of hemicellulase for enzymolysis, performing enzymolysis for 2 hours at 40 ℃, sterilizing, adding 0.2g of urea to obtain a culture solution, adding candida, fermenting at 30-35 ℃ for 30 hours to obtain a microbial fermentation liquid, and performing steam spray drying to obtain a protein product.
And (3) detection: the amino acid or protein weight in the product is obtained by detecting the concentrated solution product and the protein product of the amino acid of the examples 1 to 5, detecting the concentrated solution product and the protein product of the amino acid of the comparative example 1, and detecting the protein or amino acid content in the protein product of the comparative example 2 through a Kjeldahl method, and then through weight conversion.
The results are given in the following table: TABLE 1
Example 1 Example 2 example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2
Concentrated solution product of amino acid, amino acid content% 38 40 38 37 35 Average 39 -
protein product, protein content% 92 91 93 91 87 Average 34 81%
Concentrated solution product of amino acid, actual weight of amino acid, g 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.9 Average 3.0 -
Protein product, actual weight of protein, g 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.6 Average 1.3 5.4
Kjeldahl method, the nitrogen content of a product is tested to calculate the amino acid or protein content, and thus, for example, in a protein product, there is also a portion of amino acids, which is calculated as the protein content.
in the results of the protein product of comparative example 2, although the amount of protein per unit weight was still suitable, the yield was low, and was reduced by 20% or more compared to the examples, because a part of the protein in the cake was consumed in the microbial fermentation process, and the total yield of amino acids and protein was reduced.
As can be seen from example 5, although Geotrichum candidum secretes some hemicellulase, it does not completely decompose hemicellulose during the fermentation time of the process, resulting in incomplete utilization of organic carbon sources and thus requiring an additional increase in fermentation time.
According to the invention, cellulase is preferably added for enzymolysis, and hemicellulase is preferably added for hydrolysis, so that all cellulose can be hydrolyzed, and the utilization of an organic carbon source for subsequent microbial fermentation is accelerated. However, if the subsequently added microbial species can secrete hemicellulase, then no hemicellulase may be added, however, such fermentation time may require an appropriate extension, or adjustment of other process parameters.

Claims (10)

1. A utilization method of vegetable oil cake dregs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step (1): grinding the cake, adding water to form slurry, adding protease to obtain an enzymolysis product, and filtering to obtain a filtrate and filter residue;
Step (2): adding water, cellulase and/or hemicellulase into filter residue for enzymolysis to obtain enzymolysis liquid, sterilizing to obtain sterilized liquid, and adding microbial strain capable of secreting enzyme protein capable of hydrolyzing cellulose or hemicellulose into the sterilized liquid as organic carbon source for microbial fermentation to obtain microbial fermentation liquid.
2. The utilization method of the plant oil cake meal according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), cellulase is firstly added for enzymolysis to obtain cellulase enzymolysis liquid, and hemicellulase is then added for enzymolysis to obtain mixed enzymolysis liquid of the cellulase enzymolysis liquid and the hemicellulase enzymolysis liquid; the temperature required by enzymolysis is 40-50 ℃ and the time is 1-3 hours.
3. The method of utilizing plant oil cake as claimed in claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of cellulase to hemicellulase is (1-5): (1-5).
4. the method for utilizing the plant oil cake pulp according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the temperature range of enzymolysis is 38-43 ℃ and the time is 1-6 hours; in the step (1), the filtrate passes through a cation resin exchange column, the cation resin exchange column is eluted by ammonia water, and the eluent is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a concentrated solution containing amino acid; or, in the step (1), the filtrate is subjected to spray drying to obtain the amino acid product.
5. The utilization method of the plant oil cake pulp as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), protease is added into the microbial fermentation liquor, protein in microbial mycelium is hydrolyzed, then the protein passes through a cation resin exchange column, the cation resin exchange column is eluted by ammonia water, and then the eluate is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain amino acid-containing concentrated solution; or, in the step (2), the protein product is obtained by spray drying the microbial fermentation liquor.
6. The method for utilizing the vegetable oil cake pulp as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein the ammonia water is 0.5-1.2 mol/L.
7. The method for utilizing the plant oil cake as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cake comprises one or more of cottonseed cake, rapeseed cake, castor cake, sesame cake, camellia seed cake and oarthia seed cake.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the microbial species include but are not limited to one or more of geotrichum candidum, candida, trichoderma, shiitake and mushroom; preferably, the microbial strains comprise one or two of geotrichum candidum and candida.
9. The method for utilizing the plant oil cake pulp according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the fermentation temperature is 30-35 ℃, and the fermentation time is 20-40 hours; preferably, the fermentation time is 25-32 hours.
10. The method for utilizing the plant oil cake pulp according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), a nitrogen source is added into the sterilization treatment solution before fermentation; the nitrogen source comprises inorganic ammonium salt; the inorganic ammonium salt comprises ammonium bicarbonate and/or urea.
CN201910660669.6A 2018-07-25 2019-07-22 Utilization method of vegetable oil cake meal Pending CN110574824A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112219934A (en) * 2020-09-25 2021-01-15 新疆希普生物科技股份有限公司 Method for producing cottonseed protein by enzymolysis and fermentation
CN114794160A (en) * 2022-04-22 2022-07-29 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 Method for harvesting plants by utilizing wetland in resource mode and application of product of method

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101828628A (en) * 2010-04-09 2010-09-15 江苏省农业科学院 Biological treatment method for effectively extracting rapeseed protein
CN102334599A (en) * 2011-09-06 2012-02-01 甘肃省农业科学院生物技术研究所 Method for producing livestock nutrient solution by fermenting flaxseed cake meal
CN105010750A (en) * 2015-07-16 2015-11-04 山东西王糖业有限公司 Method for co-producing epsilon-polylysine and protein feed using byproducts of corns

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101828628A (en) * 2010-04-09 2010-09-15 江苏省农业科学院 Biological treatment method for effectively extracting rapeseed protein
CN102334599A (en) * 2011-09-06 2012-02-01 甘肃省农业科学院生物技术研究所 Method for producing livestock nutrient solution by fermenting flaxseed cake meal
CN105010750A (en) * 2015-07-16 2015-11-04 山东西王糖业有限公司 Method for co-producing epsilon-polylysine and protein feed using byproducts of corns

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112219934A (en) * 2020-09-25 2021-01-15 新疆希普生物科技股份有限公司 Method for producing cottonseed protein by enzymolysis and fermentation
CN112219934B (en) * 2020-09-25 2021-07-16 新疆希普生物科技股份有限公司 Method for producing cottonseed protein by enzymolysis and fermentation
CN114794160A (en) * 2022-04-22 2022-07-29 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 Method for harvesting plants by utilizing wetland in resource mode and application of product of method
CN114794160B (en) * 2022-04-22 2023-09-12 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 Method for harvesting plants by utilizing wetland in recycling manner

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