CN110567626A - Indirect bearing pretightening force measuring method and system - Google Patents
Indirect bearing pretightening force measuring method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110567626A CN110567626A CN201910941810.XA CN201910941810A CN110567626A CN 110567626 A CN110567626 A CN 110567626A CN 201910941810 A CN201910941810 A CN 201910941810A CN 110567626 A CN110567626 A CN 110567626A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0009—Force sensors associated with a bearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
Abstract
the invention discloses an indirect bearing pretightening force measuring method and system, belonging to the field of high-precision instrument measurement, wherein deformation conditions of a shafting shell under different pretightening forces are simulated through finite element simulation; then, detecting the deformation condition of the shell under different pretightening forces in the bearing assembling process by a designed indirect bearing pretightening force measuring system; and finally, matching the deformation condition obtained by finite element simulation with the deformation condition obtained by detection, and obtaining the pre-tightening force corresponding to the deformation of the bearing shell under actual assembly according to the matching result, thereby realizing the monitoring of the pre-tightening force in the bearing assembly process. The invention can objectively and quantitatively detect the variation condition of the pre-tightening force caused by different compression amounts in the pre-tightening assembly process of the bearing, thereby improving the assembly quality of the shafting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of measurement of high-precision instruments and meters, and particularly relates to an indirect bearing pretightening force measuring method and system.
Background
high-precision navigation products such as astronomical navigation equipment, inertial navigation equipment and the like have higher requirements on the precision, the operation flexibility and the rotation responsiveness of the shafting. The bearing pretightening force directly influences the axis shaking precision and the operation flexibility of the shafting and the responsiveness of a servo control system. When the bearing is actually assembled, the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing can be inclined to a certain extent due to the existence of processing errors of the shell and the shaft, so that an angle error is formed; the balls and the inner and outer race tracks also deform due to uneven distribution of the load. In addition, the precision of the shaft and the housing which are matched with the bearing is influenced by the processing capability of the machine tool, and particularly, the processing precision of the shaft and the housing which are weak in rigidity is difficult to ensure. Therefore, even if a high-precision bearing is adopted, due to the limitation of the processing precision of the shaft and the shell and the difficulty in controlling the application of pretightening force, the problems of uncontrollable shafting precision, unsmooth bearing operation, large friction torque fluctuation and the like are caused after assembly.
At present, for high-precision shafting products, the control of the bearing pretightening force is very important to the shafting rotation precision, the operation flexibility and the response sensitivity of a shafting servo system. However, after the bearing is installed, because of the sealing performance and the completeness of the product, it is difficult to have a direct and effective method to measure the pre-tightening force of the bearing, and the pre-tightening force range of the bearing can only be roughly controlled by designing the pre-tightening amount and other methods in advance, which depends on the experience of the assembler.
disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides an indirect bearing pretightening force measuring method and system, so that the problem of strict control on the pretightening force of a high-precision shafting is solved.
to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an indirect bearing preload measurement system, comprising: the device comprises a shafting shell, a connecting plate, a single-degree-of-freedom electric sliding table, a two-degree-of-freedom laser displacement sensor, a bearing and a rotating shaft;
The rotating shaft is installed on the shafting shell through the bearing, the bottom of the shafting shell is connected with the single-degree-of-freedom electric sliding table through the connecting plate, and the two-degree-of-freedom laser displacement sensor is installed on the single-degree-of-freedom electric sliding table and can move along the y direction along with the single-degree-of-freedom electric sliding table.
Preferably, during operation, the single-degree-of-freedom electric sliding table generates motion in the y direction, the two-degree-of-freedom laser displacement sensor can directly measure the distance between the x direction and the z direction, and the position change of all sampling points in the local area can be measured through the cooperation of the single-degree-of-freedom electric sliding table and the two-degree-of-freedom laser displacement sensor.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an indirect bearing preload force measurement method, applied to the indirect bearing preload force measurement system described in any one of the above, the method including:
(1) simulating the deformation condition of the shafting shell under different pretightening forces through finite element simulation;
(2) The indirect bearing pretightening force measuring system is used for detecting the deformation condition of the shell under different pretightening forces in the bearing assembling process;
(3) And matching the deformation condition obtained by finite element simulation with the deformation condition obtained by detection, and obtaining the pre-tightening force corresponding to the deformation of the bearing shell under actual assembly according to the matching result, thereby realizing the monitoring of the pre-tightening force in the bearing assembly process.
Preferably, step (1) comprises:
obtaining node coordinates of the deformed surface through finite element simulation, then solving a fitting plane rotation parameter of the deformed surface based on a binary linear regression method, and representing the deformation condition of the shell under different pretightening forces by using the rotation parameter.
Preferably, is prepared fromdetermining a fitted plane curl parameter of the deformed surface,Wherein alpha is an included angle between the rotation axis and an end face normal vector around an x axis, beta is an included angle between the rotation axis and the end face normal vector around a y axis, and w is displacement of the shell deformation surface along a z direction,n represents the number of sampling points of the deformed surface, xiAxial coordinate, y, representing the ith sample pointiRadial coordinate, z, representing the ith sample pointiThe normal coordinate of the ith sample point is represented, i is 1, …, n.
Preferably, is prepared fromDetermining the deformation condition of the shell under different pretightening forces under the simulation result, wherein f1～fnwhich represents the pre-load force,Indicating the pre-tension fiThe spin number parameter ofiShowing the displacement of the mating surfaces of the housing and bearing in the x-direction, viShowing the displacement of the mating surfaces of the housing and bearing in the y-direction, wiIndicating the displacement of the housing and bearing-engaging surface in the z-direction, alphaiRepresenting the angle of rotation, beta, of the mating surfaces of the housing and bearing about the x-axisiRepresenting the angle of rotation, gamma, of the mating surfaces of the housing and bearing about the y-axisiThe rotation angle of the housing and the bearing matching surface around the z axis is shown, and i is 1,2,3, …, n.
Preferably, step (2) comprises:
(2.1) acquiring motion in the y direction by the single-degree-of-freedom electric sliding table, and measuring the distances in the x direction and the z direction by the two-degree-of-freedom laser displacement sensor so as to measure the position changes of all points on the deformation surface under different pretightening forces;
(2.2) solving plane rotation parameters of the deformation surface under the actual assembly condition based on a binary linear regression method, and obtaining rotation parameters corresponding to deformation caused by the pretightening force through zero correction to determine the deformation condition of the shell under different pretightening forces in the actual assembly process.
preferably, is prepared fromdetermining a plane rotation parameter of the deformation surface under the actual assembly condition, wherein,Six-degree-of-freedom rotation parameter, u, representing the shape of the shell under different pre-tightening forcesi1Showing the displacement of the contact surface of the housing with the bearing in the x-direction, vi1Showing the displacement of the contact surface of the housing and the bearing in the y-direction, wi1indicating the displacement of the contact surface of the housing and the bearing in the z-direction, alphai1Representing the angle of rotation, beta, of the mating surfaces of the housing and bearing about the x-axisi1Representing the angle of rotation, gamma, of the mating surfaces of the housing and bearing about the y-axisi1The rotation angle of the housing and the bearing matching surface around the z axis is shown, and i is 0, 1,2,3, …, n.
preferably, is prepared fromDetermining the deformation condition of the shell under different pretightening forces in the actual assembly process, wherein TiAnd (3) representing the corresponding rotation parameter of the shell deformation under different pre-tightening forces, i is 1,2,3, …, n.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
The invention simulates the deformation condition of the shafting shell under different pretightening forces through finite element simulation; secondly, detecting the deformation condition of the shell under different pretightening forces in the bearing assembling process by designing a set of three-dimensional deformation measuring system, and matching the simulated deformation and the actual detected deformation through a six-degree-of-freedom rotation quantity theory; and finally, acquiring the pre-tightening force corresponding to the deformation of the bearing shell under actual assembly, thereby realizing the monitoring of the pre-tightening force in the bearing assembly process. The variation condition of the pre-tightening force under different compression amounts in the bearing pre-tightening assembly process is objectively and quantitatively detected, so that the shafting assembly quality is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bearing preload measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an indirect bearing preload measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
The device comprises a 1-rotating shaft, a 2-bearing, a 3-two-degree-of-freedom laser displacement sensor, a 4-single-degree-of-freedom electric sliding table, a 5-connecting plate and a 6-shell.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention relates to an indirect bearing pretightening force measuring method and a corresponding detection system, and particularly aims to measure and monitor the bearing pretightening force in the assembling and adjusting process of a conventional shafting product. According to the invention, by designing the indirect bearing pretightening force measuring method, the variation condition of the pretightening force caused by different compression amounts in the bearing pretightening force assembling process is objectively and quantitatively detected, so that the shafting assembling quality is improved. The method is mainly applied to detection of the pretightening force in the installation and adjustment process of the high-precision navigation product shafting.
The invention designs an indirect bearing pretightening force measuring method and a corresponding system. Firstly, simulating the deformation condition of a shafting shell under different pretightening forces through finite element simulation; secondly, detecting the deformation condition of the shell under different pretightening forces in the bearing assembling process by designing a set of three-dimensional deformation measuring system, and matching the simulated deformation and the actual detected deformation through a six-degree-of-freedom rotation quantity theory; and finally, acquiring the pre-tightening force corresponding to the deformation of the bearing shell under actual assembly, thereby realizing the monitoring of the pre-tightening force in the bearing assembly process.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the example of the process of mounting the U-shaped frame type case.
in the installation process of the U-shaped frame type shell, axial pretightening force needs to be applied to the shafting, and the U-shaped frame type shell has poor rigidity, so that the shell can deform when the axial pretightening force is applied, and the axis shaking precision is reduced.
The deformation conditions of the shell holes at the left end and the right end under different axial forces are obtained through statics analysis, then the node coordinates of the deformation surface are extracted, the rotation parameters of the deformation surface are fitted through a least square method, the deformation conditions of the shell under different axial forces are finally obtained, and the deformation conditions are expressed in the form of the rotation parameters.
The finite element analysis obtains the node coordinates of the deformation surface, x, y and z are coordinate values in 3 directions respectively, and the deformation surface can be represented by the following matrix:
xi、yi、zirespectively representing x, y and z coordinates of the ith sampling point on the surface, and solving the momentum parameter of the fitting plane of the end surface measuring point according to the coordinate values of the measured n points and a binary linear regression method, wherein the formula is as follows:
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification, In the above formula, α is an angle between the rotation axis and the normal vector of the end surface around the x-axis, β is an angle between the rotation axis and the normal vector of the end surface around the y-axis, and w is a displacement of the deformation surface of the housing along the z-direction. The six-degree-of-freedom rotation parameters of the surfaces under different deformation conditions can be obtained through the formula (1) and the formula (2), and the rotation parameters under different pretightening forces are assumed to be obtained through simulation analysis at the moment:
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,Indicating the pre-tension fiThe spin number parameter ofiShowing the displacement of the mating surfaces of the housing and bearing in the x-direction, vishowing the displacement of the mating surfaces of the housing and bearing in the y-direction, wiIndicating the displacement of the housing and bearing-engaging surface in the z-direction, i.e. the axial direction, alphaiRepresenting the angle of rotation, beta, of the mating surfaces of the housing and bearing about the x-axisiRepresenting the angle of rotation, gamma, of the mating surfaces of the housing and bearing about the y-axisiIndicating the angle of rotation of the housing and bearing mating surfaces about the z-axis. i is 1,2,3, …, n. The shell is axially displaced, overturned and twisted under the action of axial pretightening force, and at the moment ui、vi、γiIs 0.
At this time, a bearing pretightening force deformation measurement system shown in fig. 1 is designed, and the whole shafting pretightening force measurement system comprises a shafting shell 6, a connecting plate 5, a single-degree-of-freedom electric sliding table 4, a two-degree-of-freedom laser displacement sensor 3, a bearing 2 and a rotating shaft 1.
wherein, the connection relation of each part is: the rotating shaft 1 is arranged on a shafting shell 6 through a bearing 2, the bottom of the shell 6 is connected with the single-freedom-degree electric sliding table 4 and the shell 6 through a connecting plate 5, and the two-freedom-degree laser displacement sensor 3 is arranged on the single-freedom-degree electric sliding table 4 and can move along the y direction along with the single-freedom-degree electric sliding table 4.
As shown in fig. 1, the single-degree-of-freedom electric sliding table 4 generates motion in the y direction, and the two-degree-of-freedom laser displacement sensor 3 can directly measure the distance in the x and z directions and belongs to a linear laser displacement sensor. The two are matched, so that the position change of all points of the local area can be measured. Initially, after the bearing assembly is completed, no pre-tightening force is applied, and the position of the housing 6 at this time can be measured by the apparatus, and is represented by the following matrix:
wherein x is0i，y0i，z0iAnd coordinate values of the ith point measured by the electric sliding table in three directions are respectively shown.
according to equation (2), the above shell initial position matrix can be converted into a rotation parameter as follows:
Then changing the pre-tightening displacement of the bearing, measuring the local deformation condition of the shell under different pre-tightening displacements, and obtaining the rotation parameter of the shell by a binary linear regression method, wherein the parameters are as follows:
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,Six-degree-of-freedom rotation parameter, u, representing the shape of the shell under different pre-tightening forcesi1showing the displacement of the contact surface of the housing with the bearing in the x-direction, vi1Showing the displacement of the contact surface of the housing and the bearing in the y-direction, wi1indicating the displacement of the contact surface of the housing and the bearing in the z-direction, alphai1representing the angle of rotation, beta, of the mating surfaces of the housing and bearing about the x-axisi1Representing the angle of rotation, gamma, of the mating surfaces of the housing and bearing about the y-axisi1Indicating the angle of rotation of the housing and bearing mating surfaces about the z-axis. The shell is axially displaced, overturned and twisted under the action of axial pretightening force, and at the moment ui1、vi1、γi1Is 0.
After the rotation parameters of the shell deformation under different pretightening forces are obtained, the rotation parameters corresponding to the deformation caused by the pretightening force can be obtained through zero correction (namely, the variation relative to the initial position), as shown in the following formula:
Wherein, TiIs shown to be differentAnd (4) under the action of the pretightening force, corresponding rotation parameters of the deformation of the shell.
And matching the formula (7) with the formula (3) to obtain the bearing pretightening force in the actual assembling process.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an indirect bearing preload measurement method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which includes the following steps:
S1: simulating the deformation condition of the shafting shell under different pretightening forces through finite element simulation;
S2: detecting the deformation condition of the shell under different pretightening forces in the bearing assembling process by an indirect bearing pretightening force measuring system, and matching the deformation condition obtained by finite element simulation with the deformation condition obtained by detection;
S3: and acquiring the pre-tightening force corresponding to the deformation of the bearing shell under actual assembly according to the matching result, thereby realizing the monitoring of the pre-tightening force in the bearing assembly process.
The detailed implementation of each step can refer to the description of the above embodiments, and the embodiments of the present invention will not be repeated.
It should be noted that, according to the implementation requirement, each step/component described in the present application can be divided into more steps/components, and two or more steps/components or partial operations of the steps/components can be combined into new steps/components to achieve the purpose of the present invention.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An indirect bearing preload force measurement system, comprising: the device comprises a shafting shell, a connecting plate, a single-degree-of-freedom electric sliding table, a two-degree-of-freedom laser displacement sensor, a bearing and a rotating shaft;
The rotating shaft is installed on the shafting shell through the bearing, the bottom of the shafting shell is connected with the single-degree-of-freedom electric sliding table through the connecting plate, and the two-degree-of-freedom laser displacement sensor is installed on the single-degree-of-freedom electric sliding table and can move along the y direction along with the single-degree-of-freedom electric sliding table.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein in operation, the single degree of freedom electric slide table generates a motion in a y direction, the two degree of freedom laser displacement sensor can directly measure a distance in an x direction and a z direction, and the position change of all sampling points in a local area can be measured through the cooperation of the single degree of freedom electric slide table and the two degree of freedom laser displacement sensor.
3. An indirect bearing preload force measurement method is applied to any one indirect bearing preload force measurement system, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Simulating the deformation condition of the shafting shell under different pretightening forces through finite element simulation;
(2) The indirect bearing pretightening force measuring system is used for detecting the deformation condition of the shell under different pretightening forces in the bearing assembling process;
(3) and matching the deformation condition obtained by finite element simulation with the deformation condition obtained by detection, and obtaining the pre-tightening force corresponding to the deformation of the bearing shell under actual assembly according to the matching result, thereby realizing the monitoring of the pre-tightening force in the bearing assembly process.
4. the method of claim 3, wherein step (1) comprises:
Obtaining node coordinates of the deformed surface through finite element simulation, then solving a fitting plane rotation parameter of the deformed surface based on a binary linear regression method, and representing the deformation condition of the shell under different pretightening forces by using the rotation parameter.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method is performed byDetermining the rotation parameter of the fitting plane of the deformation surface, wherein alpha is an included angle between a rotation axis and an end surface normal vector around an x axis, beta is an included angle between the rotation axis and the end surface normal vector around a y axis, and w is the displacement of the shell deformation surface along the z direction, n represents the number of sampling points of the deformed surface, xiAxial coordinate, y, representing the ith sample pointiradial coordinate, z, representing the ith sample pointithe normal coordinate of the ith sample point is represented, i is 1, …, n.
6. a method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterised in that the method is carried out byDetermining the deformation condition of the shell under different pretightening forces under the simulation result, wherein f1～fnWhich represents the pre-load force,Indicating the pre-tension fiThe spin number parameter ofiShowing the displacement of the mating surfaces of the housing and bearing in the x-direction, viShowing the displacement of the mating surfaces of the housing and bearing in the y-direction, wiIndicating the displacement of the housing and bearing-engaging surface in the z-direction, alphaiRepresenting the angle of rotation, beta, of the mating surfaces of the housing and bearing about the x-axisiRepresenting the angle of rotation, gamma, of the mating surfaces of the housing and bearing about the y-axisithe rotation angle of the housing and the bearing matching surface around the z axis is shown, and i is 1,2,3, …, n.
7. the method of claim 3, wherein step (2) comprises:
(2.1) acquiring motion in the y direction by the single-degree-of-freedom electric sliding table, and measuring the distances in the x direction and the z direction by the two-degree-of-freedom laser displacement sensor so as to measure the position changes of all points on the deformation surface under different pretightening forces;
(2.2) solving plane rotation parameters of the deformation surface under the actual assembly condition based on a binary linear regression method, and obtaining rotation parameters corresponding to deformation caused by the pretightening force through zero correction to determine the deformation condition of the shell under different pretightening forces in the actual assembly process.
8. the method of claim 7, wherein the method is performed byDetermining a plane rotation parameter of the deformation surface under the actual assembly condition, wherein,Six-degree-of-freedom rotation parameter, u, representing the shape of the shell under different pre-tightening forcesi1Showing the displacement of the contact surface of the housing with the bearing in the x-direction, vi1Showing the displacement of the contact surface of the housing and the bearing in the y-direction, wi1indicating the displacement of the contact surface of the housing and the bearing in the z-direction, alphai1Representing the angle of rotation, beta, of the mating surfaces of the housing and bearing about the x-axisi1Representing the angle of rotation, gamma, of the mating surfaces of the housing and bearing about the y-axisi1The rotation angle of the housing and the bearing matching surface around the z axis is shown, and i is 0, 1,2,3, …, n.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method is performed bydetermining the deformation condition of the shell under different pretightening forces in the actual assembly process, wherein TiAnd (3) representing the corresponding rotation parameter of the shell deformation under different pre-tightening forces, i is 1,2,3, …, n.
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| CN113124810A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-16 | 新疆金风科技股份有限公司 | Method and system for measuring matching quality of shafting bearing |
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