CN107340091A - Bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods and pretightning force detection device - Google Patents

Bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods and pretightning force detection device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107340091A
CN107340091A CN201611077654.XA CN201611077654A CN107340091A CN 107340091 A CN107340091 A CN 107340091A CN 201611077654 A CN201611077654 A CN 201611077654A CN 107340091 A CN107340091 A CN 107340091A
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bearing
housing
design
axial displacement
displacement
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CN107340091B (en
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李丹
李昌华
汤清
邹荣静
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Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Corp
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Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods, first the axial displacement Ja according to temperature change mathematic interpolation housing and output shaft at bearing block1Radially turn axial displacement Ja2, then the two add up to total axial displacement；The axial displacement b of the bearing displacement variable sum a and housing in set temperature value are calculated again；The axial displacement b of bearing displacement variable sum a and housing is finally subtracted using total axial displacement can draw design pretension amount S, and design pretightning force A can be finally determined according to design pretension amount S.Using bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods provided by the invention can accurately calculation bearing assembles when required pretension amount and pretightning force, so as to extend its service life, and whether the pretightning force that bearing assembly pretightening power detection device provided by the invention can then detect after assembling in turn is consistent with design pretightning force, corrected so as to convenient.

Description

Bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods and pretightning force detection device
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of the assembling of the bearing in gearbox, more particularly to a kind of bearing assembly pretightening power to calculate Method and pretightning force detection device.
Background technology
Output shaft is usually supported using the cone bearing of two pairings in gearbox, and cone bearing can bear larger axial direction Power and radial load, superior performance, but the mounting and adjusting pad pretension amount certain to two pairing bearings is needed, to make up due to temperature Degree rise caused by caused gap between housing and shafting the dilatancy bearing and bearing block that bring, due to case material with Shafting material is different, and caused deformation is different under identical temperature difference for both, and case swells are larger, and shafting expansion is smaller, therefore And gap can be produced between bearing block and housing, bearing operates in the case where gap be present can influence bearing life decay, The life-span of installation axle and gear can be also influenceed simultaneously；Increase pretension amount makes bearing have axial interference under normal temperature confined state Amount, life-span and the precision of cone bearing can be improved, improve the life-span of gearbox；And pretension amount design how much, adjust pad be as What is chosen and it is confirmed that we need to solve the problems, such as, at present, the pretension amount design of cone bearing is without corresponding soft Part calculates.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods and pretightning force detection device, to solve the above problems, The installation pretension amount of accurate calculation bearing, improves its service life.
Bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods provided by the invention, including：
Step S1：According to the axial displacement Ja of temperature change mathematic interpolation housing and output shaft at bearing block1；
Step S2：According to the radial displacement of temperature change mathematic interpolation housing and output shaft at bearing block, and by the footpath Axial displacement Ja is converted to displacement2；
Step S3：According to the axial displacement Ja1With the axial displacement Ja2Calculate total axial displacement；
Step S4：The operation interval of bearing when being chosen at set temperature value according to bearing life curve, and in the workspace The interior displacement variable sum a for determining two bearings；
Step S5：Corresponding work pretightning force A under set temperature value is determined according to the displacement variable sum a of two bearings1；
Step S6：According to the axial rigidity value K of housing bearing block and the work pretightning force A1Housing is calculated in setting temperature Axial displacement b under angle value；
Step S7：Calculated according to total axial displacement, the displacement variable sum a and the axial displacement b Pretension amount S is designed, and design pretightning force A is confirmed according to the pretension amount S.
Bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods as described above, these, it is preferred to, also include after step s 7：
Step S8：According to work pretightning force A1Calculate the starting torque value T of output shaft.
Bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods as described above, these, it is preferred to, in step sl, according to following public affairs Formula calculates axial displacement Ja1：
ΔJa1=(L*C2*Δt2)–(L*C1*Δt1)；
Wherein, C2：The case material coefficient of expansion；
C1：Output shaft material expand coefficient；
Δt1：Case temperature changes difference；
Δt2：Output shaft temperature change difference；
L：The distance of the outer ring of two bearings.
Bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods as described above, these, it is preferred to, in step s 2,
Bearing radial design magnitude of interference Δ S is fixed value, housing and bearing be radially expanded caused by relative displacement Δ Q according to Below equation is calculated：
Δ Q=(D2*C2*Δt2)–(D1*C1*Δt1)；
Wherein, D1：The outer ring external diameter of clutch shaft bearing and second bearing；
D2：Housing bearing saddle bore internal diameter；
C2：The case material coefficient of expansion；
C1：Output shaft and the bearing material coefficient of expansion；
Δt1：Case temperature changes difference；
Δt2：Output shaft temperature change difference；
If housing and bearing are radially expanded the bearing block installation radial interference amount Δ that caused relative displacement Δ Q is less than design S, then housing and bearing are radially expanded according to below equation caused by relative displacement Δ Q be converted into axial displacement Ja2：
ΔJa2=(Y1/0.8*ΔQ1+Y2/0.8*ΔQ2)
Wherein,
Y1：The design factor of clutch shaft bearing；
Y2：The design factor of second bearing；
ΔQ1：Housing and clutch shaft bearing are radially expanded caused relative displacement；
ΔQ2：Housing and second bearing are radially expanded caused relative displacement；
When housing and bearing, which are radially expanded caused relative displacement Δ Q, is more than the bearing block installation magnitude of interference Δ S of design, Axial displacement Ja then into is changed the bearing block installation magnitude of interference Δ S of radial design according to below equation2：
ΔJa2=(Y1/0.8*ΔS1)+(Y2/0.8*ΔS2)
Wherein,
Y1：The design factor of clutch shaft bearing；
Y2：The design factor of clutch shaft bearing；
ΔS1：The radial interference amount of clutch shaft bearing installation；
ΔS2：The radial interference amount of second bearing installation.
Bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods as described above, these, it is preferred to, in step s3, according to following public affairs Formula calculates total axial displacement：
Δ=Δ Ja1+ΔJa2。
Bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods as described above, these, it is preferred to, in step s 6, according to following public affairs The axial rigidity value K of formula calculation bearing seat：
K=1/ (1/K1+1/K2)；
Wherein, K1For the axial rigidity of the bearing block of clutch shaft bearing；K2For the axial rigidity of the bearing block of second bearing；
Housing axial displacement b is calculated according to below equation：
B=A/K.
Bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods as described above, these, it is preferred to, in the step s 7, according to following public affairs Formula calculates design pretension amount S：
S=Δs-a-b.
Present invention also offers a kind of bearing assembly pretightening power detection device, including：
Output shaft；
Bearing, the bearing are set on the outer ring of the output shaft；
Pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is between the housing and the bearing；
Equipment is read, the reading equipment is connected with the pressure sensor, and the reading equipment is used in the first setting At a temperature of read the pressure value of the pressure sensor.
Using bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods provided by the invention can accurately calculation bearing assembles when it is required pre- Tight amount, so as to extend its service life, and bearing assembly pretightening power detection device provided by the invention can then detect in turn Whether the pretightning force after assembling is consistent with design pretightning force, is corrected so as to convenient.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the bearing assembling schematic diagram of bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the bearing life curve map of bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of bearing assembly pretightening power detection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals：
10- output shaft 20- clutch shaft bearing 21- second bearing 30- pressure sensors
40- reads equipment 50- housings
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are described below in detail, the example of the embodiment is shown in the drawings, wherein from beginning to end Same or similar label represents same or similar element or the element with same or like function.Below with reference to attached The embodiment of figure description is exemplary, is only used for explaining the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the claims.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is implemented for the present invention The bearing assembling schematic diagram for the bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods that example provides, as shown in Fig. 2 in the embodiment of the present invention, needs to count The bearing assembly method of calculation is the both ends that clutch shaft bearing 20 and second bearing 21 are set in output shaft 10, and then housing 50 is fixed again It is set on clutch shaft bearing 20 and second bearing 21.
Fig. 1 to Fig. 2 is refer to, bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods provided in an embodiment of the present invention include：
Step S1：According to the axial displacement Ja of temperature change mathematic interpolation housing 50 and output shaft 10 at bearing block1。 In this step, specifically axial displacement Ja can be calculated according to below equation1：
ΔJa1=(L*C2*Δt2)–(L*C1*Δt1)； (1)
Wherein, C2：The material expand coefficient of housing 50；
C1：The material expand coefficient of output shaft 10；
Δt1：The temperature change difference of housing 50；
Δt2：The temperature change difference of output shaft 10；
L：The distance of the outer ring of two bearings.
Temperature change difference is preferably for environment temperature herein, typically refers to 20 DEG C more.
Step S2：According to the radial displacement of temperature change mathematic interpolation housing 50 and output shaft 10 at bearing block, and will The radial displacement is converted to axial displacement Ja2。
Temperature variation herein is referred to for environment temperature, typically refers to 20 degree more.Due to output shaft 10 The outer ring of two bearings and housing 50 are interference fit, in temperature change, can also be become between radial direction housing 50 and bearing Change, housing 50 expands more, and gap gradually increases, and the magnitude of interference is gradually reduced；Radial direction typically between housing 50 and bearing is set It is reference to count magnitude of interference Δ S,
Bearing radial design magnitude of interference Δ S is fixed value, housing and bearing be radially expanded caused by relative displacement Δ Q according to Below equation is calculated：
Δ Q=(D2*C2*Δt2)–(D1*C1*Δt1)； (2)
Wherein, D1：The outer ring external diameter of clutch shaft bearing and second bearing；
D2：Housing bearing saddle bore internal diameter；
C2：The case material coefficient of expansion；
C1：Output shaft and the bearing material coefficient of expansion；
Δt1：Case temperature changes difference；
Δt2：Output shaft temperature change difference；
If housing and bearing are radially expanded the bearing block installation radial interference amount Δ that caused relative displacement Δ Q is less than design S, then housing and bearing are radially expanded according to below equation caused by relative displacement Δ Q be converted into axial displacement Ja2：
ΔJa2=(Y1/0.8*ΔQ1+Y2/0.8*ΔQ2) (3)
Wherein,
Y1：The design factor of clutch shaft bearing；
Y2：The design factor of second bearing；
ΔQ1：Housing and clutch shaft bearing are radially expanded caused relative displacement；
ΔQ2：Housing and second bearing are radially expanded caused relative displacement；
When housing and bearing, which are radially expanded caused relative displacement Δ Q, is more than the bearing block installation magnitude of interference Δ S of design, Axial displacement Ja then into is changed the bearing block installation magnitude of interference Δ S of radial design according to below equation2：
ΔJa2=(Y1/0.8*ΔS1)+(Y2/0.8*ΔS2) (4)
Wherein,
Y1：The design factor of clutch shaft bearing；
Y2：The design factor of clutch shaft bearing；
ΔS1：The radial interference amount of clutch shaft bearing installation；
ΔS2：The radial interference amount of second bearing installation.
Step S3：According to the axial displacement Ja1With the axial displacement Ja2Calculate total axial displacement.Specifically may be used To calculate total axial displacement according to below equation：
Δ=Δ Ja1+ΔJa2。 (5)
Step S4：The operation interval of bearing when being chosen at set temperature value according to bearing life curve, and in the workspace The interior displacement variable sum a for determining two bearings.As shown in Fig. 2 the bearing life curve provided for bearing supplier, selection Bearing at a set temperature, the operation interval when design temperature is preferably operating temperature (90 DEG C), namely the ash shown in Fig. 3 Color section, the selection in this section are the longevity in the higher value section, the now bearing of two pairings in comprehensive two bearing curve life-spans Life is higher, and the median for then choosing this region is bearing working clearance now.Abscissa value in Fig. 3 represents two bearings Change in displacement value sum a, ordinate represents the service life of two bearings under the displacement variable sum respectively.
Step S5：Corresponding work pretightning force A under design temperature is determined according to the displacement variable sum a of two bearings1.Tool Body can determine work pretightning force A according to the form precalculated1.The form precalculated is as shown in table 1 below.
Table 1
As shown in table 1, rigidity value, displacement, displacement variable sum and the work of two bearings are enumerated in table The corresponding relation of pretightning force, according to the table, it is known that the displacement variable sum a of two bearings, you can work is pre- corresponding to inquiring Clamp force A1, such as：When the displacement variable sum a of two bearings is -9.7um, corresponding work pretightning force A1For 500N.
Step S6：According to the axial rigidity value K of bearing block and the work pretightning force A1Housing 50 is calculated in design temperature Axial displacement b under value.Specifically can be according to precalculating and (calculated using finite element software Abqus etc.) two bearings in respective axle The rigidity value K of bearing1And K2, and the rigidity value K of the bearing block according to two bearings1And K2The axial rigidity value K of calculation bearing seat.
Further, the axial rigidity value K of housing bearing block can be specifically calculated according to below equation：
K=1/ (1/K1+1/K2)； (6)
Axial displacement b is calculated according to below equation：B=A/K. (7)
Step S7：According to total axial displacement, the displacement variable sum a and the housing 50 in set temperature value Under axial displacement b calculate design pretension amount S, and design pretightning force A is confirmed according to the pretension amount S.Specifically can according to Lower formula calculates design pretension amount S：S=Δ-a-b, design pretightning force A and then can then be drawn with computed in advance by tabling look-up, Referring specifically to table 2.
Table 2
Design pretightning force Design pretension amount
A1/N S/um
125 16
250 25
375 41
500 58
625 68
750 80
875 95
1000 110
1125 34
Step S8：The starting torque value T of output shaft 10 is calculated according to design pretightning force A.Specifically can be according to below equation Calculate starting torque value T：
T=μ * A* (D1+D2)/2； (8)
Wherein, μ：Coefficient of friction；
A：Design pretightning force；
D1：The outer ring external diameter of clutch shaft bearing 20；
D2：The outer ring external diameter of second bearing 21.
The method provided using the present embodiment, pretension amount required during installation bearing can be accurately calculated, so as to extend The service life of bearing.
Fig. 4 is bearing assembly pretightening power detection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 4, the embodiment of the present invention The bearing assembly pretightening power detection device of offer includes output shaft 10, bearing 20 and pressure sensor 30.
Wherein, bearing 20 is set on the outer ring of output shaft 10, and pressure sensor 30 is located at housing 50 and clutch shaft bearing 20 Between, read equipment 40 and be connected with pressure sensor 30, read equipment 40 and be used under the first design temperature (being preferably 20 DEG C) The pressure value of pressure sensor 30 is read, and by the pressure value compared with the design pretightning force A in any embodiment of the present invention, really Whether the fixed pressure value is qualified.In the present embodiment, read equipment can be preferably computer, and if read equipment 40 read pressure Force value has difference with design design pretightning force A results, then needs to adjust design pretightning forces of the pretension amount S until meeting design requirement A。
Further, in another embodiment, any of the above-described starting torque value T can also be verified by equipment, specifically Ground, the equipment with checking pretension amount is similar, and using same parts, distinctive points are not needing pressure sensor, but Pressure sensor is replaced using the adjust pad that practical set is chosen by design pretension amount, needs elder generation when being pressed output shaft The oil jet lubrication at bearing bearing block, after attaching together housing, positive and negative each rotary output axis three of both direction enclose, and ensure in bearing outer ring With formation oil film at housing bearing block, whole output shaft is rotated with torque wrench, reads torque value when starting, repeatedly measures and takes Average value, whether contrast starting torque within scope of design, because previous step surveyed axial pre tightening force, therefore according to pretightning force with The relation of starting torque corrects the friction coefficient μ in the calculation formula of starting torque (4), due to friction coefficient μ and lubrication shape State has relation, therefore needs, by check and correction, after the completion of check and correction, the result of calculation after check and correction can be applied as judging basis, due to reality Border measurement has some deviations, therefore design load and measured value have some deviations, controls and is subjected to 10%, and repeatedly measurement is read When starting torque and close design load, pretension amount now is to design pretension amount.
Construction, feature and the action effect of the present invention, above institute is described in detail according to the embodiment shown in schema above Only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is stated, but the present invention is not to limit practical range shown in drawing, it is every according to structure of the invention Want made change, or be revised as the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations, when still without departing from specification and illustrating covered spirit, All should be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

  1. A kind of 1. bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods, it is characterised in that including：
    Step S1：According to the axial displacement Ja of temperature change mathematic interpolation housing and output shaft at bearing block1；
    Step S2：According to the radial displacement of temperature change mathematic interpolation housing and output shaft at bearing block, and by the radial direction position Transfer is changed to axial displacement Ja2；
    Step S3：According to the axial displacement Ja1With the axial displacement Ja2Calculate total axial displacement；
    Step S4：The operation interval of bearing when being chosen at set temperature value according to bearing life curve, and in the operation interval Determine the displacement variable sum a of two bearings；
    Step S5：Corresponding work pretightning force A under set temperature value is determined according to the displacement variable sum a of two bearings1；
    Step S6：According to the axial rigidity value K of housing bearing block and the work pretightning force A1Housing is calculated under set temperature value Axial displacement b；
    Step S7：Design is calculated according to total axial displacement, the displacement variable sum a and the axial displacement b Pretension amount S, and design pretightning force A is confirmed according to the pretension amount S.
  2. 2. bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also wrap after step s 7 Include：
    Step S8：According to the starting torque value T for calculating output shaft.
  3. 3. bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step sl, according to Lower formula calculates axial displacement Ja1：
    ΔJa1=(L*C2*Δt2)–(L*C1*Δt1)；
    Wherein, C2：The case material coefficient of expansion；
    C1：Output shaft material expand coefficient；
    Δt1：Case temperature changes difference；
    Δt2：Output shaft temperature change difference；
    L：The distance of the outer ring of two bearings.
  4. 4. bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step s 2, bearing footpath It is fixed value to design magnitude of interference Δ S, housing and bearing are radially expanded caused relative displacement Δ Q and counted according to below equation Calculate：
    Δ Q=(D2*C2*Δt2)–(D1*C1*Δt1)；
    Wherein, D1：The outer ring external diameter of clutch shaft bearing and second bearing；
    D2：Housing bearing saddle bore internal diameter；
    C2：The case material coefficient of expansion；
    C1：Output shaft and the bearing material coefficient of expansion；
    Δt1：Case temperature changes difference；
    Δt2：Output shaft temperature change difference；
    If housing and bearing are radially expanded the bearing block installation radial interference amount Δ S that caused relative displacement Δ Q is less than design, Relative displacement Δ Q caused by being radially expanded housing and bearing according to below equation is converted into axial displacement Ja2：
    ΔJa2=(Y1/0.8*ΔQ1+Y2/0.8*ΔQ2)
    Wherein,
    Y1：The design factor of clutch shaft bearing；
    Y2：The design factor of second bearing；
    ΔQ1：Housing and clutch shaft bearing are radially expanded caused relative displacement；
    ΔQ2：Housing and second bearing are radially expanded caused relative displacement；
    When the bearing block that relative displacement Δ Q caused by housing and bearing are radially expanded is more than design installs magnitude of interference Δ S, then root The bearing block installation magnitude of interference Δ S of radial design is changed into axial displacement Ja according to below equation2：
    ΔJa2=(Y1/0.8*ΔS1)+(Y2/0.8*ΔS2)
    Wherein,
    Y1：The design factor of clutch shaft bearing；
    Y2：The design factor of clutch shaft bearing；
    ΔS1：The radial interference amount of clutch shaft bearing installation；
    ΔS2：The radial interference amount of second bearing installation.
  5. 5. bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step s3, according to Lower formula calculates total axial displacement：
    Δ=Δ Ja1+ΔJa2。
  6. 6. bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods according to claim 5, it is characterised in that in step s 6, according to The axial rigidity value K of lower formula calculation bearing seat：
    K=1/ (1/K1+1/K2)；
    Wherein, K1For the axial rigidity of the bearing block of clutch shaft bearing；K2For the axial rigidity of the bearing block of second bearing；
    Housing axial displacement b is calculated according to below equation：
    B=A/K.
  7. 7. the bearing assembly pretightening power computational methods according to any one of claim 1-6, it is characterised in that in step S7 In, design pretension amount S is calculated according to below equation：
    S=Δs-a-b.
  8. A kind of 8. bearing assembly pretightening power detection device, it is characterised in that including：
    Output shaft；
    Bearing, the bearing are set on the outer ring of the output shaft；
    Pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is between the housing and the bearing；
    Equipment is read, the reading equipment is connected with the pressure sensor, and the reading equipment is used in the first design temperature The lower pressure value for reading the pressure sensor.
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CN110567626A (en) * 2019-09-30 2019-12-13 华中光电技术研究所（中国船舶重工集团有限公司第七一七研究所） Indirect bearing pretightening force measuring method and system
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CN109614764B (en) * 2019-01-31 2023-06-09 青岛高测科技股份有限公司 Method for quantitatively determining axial pretightening force of ultra-precise angular contact ball bearing
CN110567626A (en) * 2019-09-30 2019-12-13 华中光电技术研究所（中国船舶重工集团有限公司第七一七研究所） Indirect bearing pretightening force measuring method and system
CN110567626B (en) * 2019-09-30 2021-05-11 华中光电技术研究所（中国船舶重工集团有限公司第七一七研究所） Indirect bearing pretightening force measuring method and system
CN113124810A (en) * 2019-12-31 2021-07-16 新疆金风科技股份有限公司 Method and system for measuring matching quality of shafting bearing
CN113819142A (en) * 2020-06-18 2021-12-21 新疆金风科技股份有限公司 Shafting structure and mounting method thereof
CN113819142B (en) * 2020-06-18 2024-04-12 金风科技股份有限公司 Shafting structure and installation method thereof
CN111767617B (en) * 2020-06-28 2022-10-25 上海羿弓精密科技有限公司 Main bearing pre-tightening amount matching method and system for RV reducer and storage medium
CN111767617A (en) * 2020-06-28 2020-10-13 上海羿弓精密科技有限公司 Main bearing pre-tightening amount matching method and system for RV reducer and storage medium
CN112033255A (en) * 2020-08-14 2020-12-04 常州机电职业技术学院 Calculation method for pre-tightening amount of double-row short cylindrical roller bearing
CN113530944A (en) * 2021-07-13 2021-10-22 哈电风能有限公司 Bolt pre-tightening method and system
CN113530944B (en) * 2021-07-13 2022-08-09 哈电风能有限公司 Bolt pre-tightening method and system
CN114705326B (en) * 2022-04-22 2024-01-30 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所 Pretightening force adjusting method of flexible auxiliary supporting structure
CN114705326A (en) * 2022-04-22 2022-07-05 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所 Pretightening force adjusting method of flexible auxiliary supporting structure

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