CN105092129B - A kind of axial-force testing device and its test method of rotating machinery - Google Patents
A kind of axial-force testing device and its test method of rotating machinery Download PDFInfo
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- CN105092129B CN105092129B CN201510401975.XA CN201510401975A CN105092129B CN 105092129 B CN105092129 B CN 105092129B CN 201510401975 A CN201510401975 A CN 201510401975A CN 105092129 B CN105092129 B CN 105092129B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to rotating machinery fields, more particularly to the axial-force testing device and its test method of a kind of rotating machinery, including shell, bearing, shaft and sensor, shaft is fixedly connected with the inner ring of bearing, the outer ring of bearing is fixedly connected with the casing, and sensor is set in shaft, and the output signal of sensor is electrically connected with signal processing apparatus, shaft uses non-key type connector, shaft to couple using shaft coupling with motor with rotating machinery.The present invention has extensive versatility to the test of the axial force of various machineries, it can realize the accurate measurement to the axial force in one or two direction, error range is 1%, it is simple in structure, it is an independent component, it is easy for installation, rotating machinery itself need not be transformed, it is easy to utilize to solve the problems, such as that the axial force balance of various machineries provides effective means.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rotating machinery field, more particularly to the axial-force testing device of a kind of rotating machinery and its test side
Method.
Background technology
Various rotating machineries such as water pump, wind turbine, compressor, air blower, steam turbine etc., blade is in rotary work process
In, since the effect of medium will produce axial force.By taking water pump as an example, in the process of running, water flows through impeller and does blade water pump
After work(, become high pressure water, generate differential water pressures afterwards before the impeller, differential water pressures and waterpower dynamical reaction are the masters that pump rotor generates axial force
Factor is wanted, and axial force can all have adverse effect on bearing life, operation stability, mechanical loss；In product design
The component for considering that balancing axial thrust is arranged is needed in journey, such as balance hole, balance pipe, back blade, balancing drum, balancing frame, structure pair
Claim arrangement etc., axial force changes with pump discharge, rotation speed change, if it is possible to axial force data is accurately measured, to water pump
R＆D process have very great help.
A kind of patent of invention " test dress of centrifugal pump impeller dynamic axial power of Patent No. " 201310673676.2 "
Set ", the axial-force testing device of centrifugal pump is disclosed, " pump shaft is axial for the patent of invention of Patent No. " 201410138404.7 "
Force test device " discloses the axial-force testing device of magnetic drive pump, however the two schemes are required for doing special change to the pump housing
It makes, it is complicated, and without forming relatively independent a test component or test device, cause using shortage versatility；
Further more, for single-stage single suction pump, need artificially to increase the parts such as shaft, pump shaft in flow channels, with current mainstream water
Pump configuration is not inconsistent, and flow streams after these parts the operating status for changing original fluid, and the running parameter of water pump is caused to occur
Variation so that real working condition cannot be simulated completely, test result generates error.
The utility model patent " axial force test instrument for pump " of Patent No. " 201120184174.X ", discloses a kind of pump shaft
To the test device of power, however the device can only survey the axial force in a direction, and two must be matched individually by surveying bidirectional axial force
Component has certain limitation, unless special designing bearing body, otherwise the installation dimension space of component in the inner part is difficult full
Foot requires.In order to realize that the sealing of high-pressure chamber, the sealing ring between the sealing of the piston and pressure regulating cover of the test device are necessary
It is compressed to certain degree, therefore will produce additional friction between piston and pressure regulating cover.According to its function realization principle, this
Partial frictional power can be included among axial force.And if in fact, not increasing dynamometry component, this frictional force is not present, therefore,
Frictional force included in axial force is additional increased, therefore this test method has the deviation that can not ignore.
Axial force is generally estimated using empirical equation at present；It is with sealing ring+impeller balance hole balancing axial thrust
Example, Guan Xingfan《Modern times pump design manual》The empirical value of (the 1st edition, P502) is that can reduce axial force 85~90%, i.e., remaining axis
It is original 10~15% to power, in fact, the structure of various pumps, specific speed, size have very big difference, the axial force much pumped
This range is had exceeded, estimated value still has larger error with actual value；Sealing ring+balance hole carries out the side of axial force balance
Formula, balance hole balance most axial force, and remaining axial force is then born by bearing, and balance hole is too small, bearing mechanical losses
It will increase, gross efficiency is caused to decline；However balance hole is excessive to a certain extent, can only bring the increase of leakage, it will not be to axial direction
Power generates variation, has also resulted in the decline of gross efficiency.Therefore, the problem that axial force is in the urgent need to address is accurately measured.
It is basis to have tension-compression sensor method and spring scale mensuration, tension-compression sensor method to the measurement method of axial force at present
Tension-compression sensor is directly installed on centrifugal pump gland by the structure of centrifugal pump, and pulling piston is connected with pump rotor component, passes through
Power to tension-compression sensor, then is converted to electric signal and measures axial force by axial force transmission by it；Spring scale mensuration is bearing
Seat is fastened on motionless on stator, and bearing holder (housing, cover) and right axle bearing are clearance fit, and the part being mounted in bearing holder (housing, cover) can be with rotor one
Axial movement is acted as, dynamometry pull rod is connect on gland, using lever principle, axial force measuration is carried out with spring scale, when pumping operating,
Vane rotor body is biased to one end under the action of axial force, pulls rotor placed in the middle with external force, this pulling force is equal with axial force, dynamometry
The pulling force that mechanism measures is axial force；However both methods can not precisely measure out axial force, also neither one
An independent measuring device is shaped, difficulty and inconvenience are brought to measurement.
Invention content
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of axial-force testing device of rotating machinery and its test sides
Method, the device have extensive versatility to the test of the axial force of various machineries, can realize to one or two direction
The accurate measurement of axial force, to solve the problems, such as that the axial force balance of various machineries provides effective means.The technical side of the present invention
Case is as follows：
A kind of axial-force testing device of rotating machinery, including shell, bearing, shaft and sensor, shaft and bearing
Inner ring is fixedly connected, and the outer ring of bearing is fixedly connected with the casing, and sensor, the output signal and letter of sensor are set in shaft
The electrical connection of number processing unit, shaft use non-key type connector, shaft to couple using shaft coupling with motor with rotating machinery.
Further, sensor is ring bodies, and the mesoporous of ring bodies has certain interval with the shaft surface.
Further, bearing includes the first bearing and second bearing being close together, and the sensor is a sensing
The outside in the outside or second bearing outer ring in first bearing outer ring is arranged in device, is arranged between the bearing and sensor and mends
Repay ring.
Further, bearing includes the first bearing and second bearing being close together, and the sensor is two sensings
First sensor is arranged in the outside of first bearing outer ring, outside second bearing in device, including first sensor and second sensor
Second sensor is arranged in the outside of circle, and the first compensation ring is arranged between the first bearing and first sensor, described the
The second compensation of setting ring between two bearings and second sensor.
Further, shaft is stairstepping shaft, and against the ladder of shaft, the other side passes through for the inner ring side of the bearing
Axle sleeve and locking nut are fixed.
Further, the non-key type connector that shaft couples with rotating machinery is chuck, what the shaft coupled with motor
Shaft coupling is claw coupling.
Specifically, shell includes mounting base and end cap, and the outer ring of bearing, the ring bodies of sensor, compensation ring setting are being pacified
It fills on seat, end cap includes left end cap and right end cap, and shaft is pierced by the mesoporous of end cap, and the flange hole of left and right end cap passes through spiral shell respectively
Bolt is fixedly connected with mounting base.
A kind of test method of the axial-force testing device of rotating machinery, includes the following steps：
1) axial movement value of the shaft of axial-force testing device is adjusted between 0.35~0.45mm；
2) before testing, by the bearing replacing for bearing axial force of rotating machinery at the bearing for being solely subjected to radial load；
3) the shaft both ends of axial-force testing device are coupled with rotating machinery and motor respectively, the signal of sensor
Line is coupled with the transmitter of signal processing apparatus and touch screen；
4) coarse adjustment：The shaft of rotating machinery carried out in axial tune, is measured with 1 millimeter of dimension accuracy；
5) accurate adjustment：The shaft of axial-force testing device, the shaft of rotating machinery and motor shaft are carried out in radial tune, with
0.01 millimeter of dimension accuracy measures, it is ensured that three axial-force testing device, rotating machinery and motor axis are in the same axis
On；
6) start rotating machinery and motor, pass through the axial force data of each operating point of signal processing apparatus real-time display；
7) flow for changing rotating machinery records the corresponding axial force data of each flow point respectively；
8) data for recording 3 groups or more, average.
Specifically, step 1 further includes,
Until shaft is axially pushed into dieback toward arbitrary side, the axial end in the other side installs dial gauge, returns to zero,
The shaft is pushed into dieback to negative direction, the axial movement value of the shaft is determined by the reading of dial gauge；If described alter
Momentum does not meet technology requirement, need to be adjusted to the size for compensating ring after ressembling and repeat above step, until meeting
Until it is required that.
The present invention has the advantages that：
The present invention has extensive versatility to the test of the axial force of various machineries, can realize to one or two side
To axial force accurate measurement, error range 1% is simple in structure, is an independent component, easy for installation, does not need
Rotating machinery itself is transformed, to solve the problems, such as that the axial force balance of various machineries provides effective means, convenient for promoting
Using.
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention one；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram that the present invention is connect with the pump housing；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention two；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention three.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment one
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention one, the axial force for measuring first bearing direction.Such as Fig. 1 institutes
Show, a kind of axial-force testing device of rotating machinery, including shell, bearing, shaft 1 and sensor, the inner ring of shaft 1 and bearing
It is fixedly connected, the outer ring of bearing is fixedly connected with the casing, and sensor, the output signal and signal of sensor are set in shaft 1
Processing unit is electrically connected, and shaft 1 uses non-key type connector, shaft to couple using shaft coupling with motor with rotating machinery.
Shaft 1 is stairstepping shaft, and against the ladder of shaft 1, the other side passes through axle sleeve 14 and lock for the inner ring side of bearing
Tight nut 15 is fixed, and is axially fastened to realize；The non-key type connector that shaft 1 couples with rotating machinery 20 is chuck 2, shaft
1 shaft coupling coupled with motor 21 is claw coupling 3.
Bearing includes the first bearing 4 being close together and second bearing 5, and the sensor of embodiment one is a sensor 8,
Outside in 4 outer ring of first bearing is set, the first compensation ring 6 is set between first bearing 4 and sensor 8, compensation ring, which rises, to be mended
It repays axial dimension and transmits the effect of axial force；Certainly, for the dismounting of equipment and easy to adjust, embodiment one is in second bearing
The second compensation ring 7 can also be arranged in the outside of 5 outer rings.
Sensor 8 is ring bodies, and mesoporous and 1 surface of shaft of ring bodies have certain interval；The sensor 8 of embodiment one
Sensing element for the pull pressure sensor of hollow type structure, sensor 8 is ring bodies structure, and shaft 1 passes through the interior of sensor
Hole and mistake, sensor 8 are not directly contacted with shaft 1；Axial force is born by the bearing of the present invention, then passes to sensing by the bearing
The annular entity position of device 8, must design to solving traditional sensor can just measure axial force mounted on the end of axis,
Motor, the pump housing axis separated by sensor, the problem of torque of motor can not pass to the pump housing.
Shell includes mounting base 9 and end cap, and the outer ring of bearing, the ring bodies of sensor, compensation ring are arranged in mounting base 9
On, end cap includes left end cap 10 and right end cap 11, and shaft 1 is pierced by the mesoporous of end cap, the flange hole of left end cap 10 and right end cap 11
It is fixedly connected respectively with mounting base 9 by bolt, first outside framework oil seal 12 is set in the internal diameter seam allowance of left end cap 10, in right end cap
The second outside framework oil seal 13 is arranged in 11 internal diameter seam allowance, bulge loop can be arranged in left end cap 10 or 11 inside of right end cap, for being pressed against
Firmly sensor, embodiment one are arranged bulge loop in the inside of left end cap 10, press against sensor 8.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram that the present invention couples with the pump housing.As shown in Fig. 2, the present invention is arranged in the pump housing 20 and motor
Between 21, the shaft coupling 3 of embodiment one is claw elastic coupling, can be avoided additional axial force transmission to motor 21,
Ensure that the axial force of the invention surveyed is the axial force of water pump；The chuck 2 of embodiment one uses flange form with the axis of the pump housing 20
Connection, the i.e. axis of the pump housing are disc-shape with chuck butted part, and have bored bolt hole, structure and work in its periphery
Principle similar to flange, in the disk pair of chuck 2 and the axis of the pump housing 20 after, fastening bolt is joined two side discs by bolt hole
It connects and fastens, can not only transmit axial force, but also torque can be transmitted；The chuck 2 of the present invention is universal accessories, if the axis of pump shaft
Diameter size changes, and chuck 2 can also select to process matching with corresponding size.
Embodiment two
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention two, the axial force for measuring second bearing direction.Such as Fig. 3 institutes
Show, the sensor 8 of embodiment two is arranged in the outside of 5 outer ring of second bearing, and is arranged between second bearing 5 and sensor 8
Two compensation rings 7.Other settings of embodiment two are identical as embodiment one, and details are not described herein.
Embodiment three
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention three, for measuring first bearing direction and second bearing direction
The axial force of both direction.As shown in figure 4, the bearing of embodiment three includes the first bearing 4 being close together and second bearing 5,
The bearing of embodiment three is angular contact ball bearing, its main feature is that larger axial force can be born, and it is directional, match two axis
Hold the axial force requirement for being suitable for both direction；Sensor is two sensors, including first sensor 8 and second sensor
16, first sensor 8 is set in the outside of 4 outer ring of first bearing, second sensor is set in the outside of 5 outer ring of second bearing
16, the first compensation ring 6 is set between first bearing 4 and first sensor 8, between second bearing 5 and second sensor 16
Setting the second compensation ring 7.
The first sensor 8 and second sensor 16 of embodiment three, can measure the power of both direction respectively；When axial force
When 20 direction of the pump housing is directed toward in direction, the sensor of main stress is first sensor 8, and axial force all passes to first sensor
8, by axial compressive force flexible deformation is occurred for the ring bodies of sensor, causes internal strain sheet resistance to change, to make electric current
It changes, the current signal of variation is exported, by signal filtering, amplification, and convert analog signals into digital signal, then
Digital signal is shown on relevant device, the reading value that first sensor 8 exports is to survey axial force, to realize axis
Measurement to power；When axial force direction is directed toward 21 direction of motor, main force sensor is second sensor 16, similarly second
The reading value that sensor 16 exports is to survey axial force；Which sensor output numerical value axis can certainly be judged according to
To the direction of power.
Other settings of embodiment three are identical as embodiment one, and details are not described herein.
The test method of the axial-force testing device of rotating machinery of the present invention, includes the following steps：
1) axial movement value of the shaft of axial-force testing device is adjusted between 0.35~0.45mm；
Until shaft is axially pushed into dieback toward arbitrary side, the axial end in the other side installs dial gauge, returns to zero,
The shaft is pushed into dieback to negative direction, the axial movement value of the shaft is determined by the reading of dial gauge；If shifting amount
Technology requirement is not met, the size for compensating ring need to be adjusted or is carried out in the end face of left end cap and right end cap and sensor
Processing adjustment is processed adjustment in the end face of left end cap and right end cap and mounting base, and the above step is repeated after ressembling
Suddenly, until meeting the requirements；It effectively prevents installation and pre-tightens the presence of axial force, while controlling pump rotor shifting amount again and existing
In the permission working range of the parts such as mechanical seal, bearing spacer device, and ensure the axial movement value of rotor 0.35~
Between 0.45mm；
2) before testing, by the bearing replacing for bearing axial force of rotating machinery at the bearing for being solely subjected to radial load；
3) the shaft both ends of axial-force testing device are coupled with rotating machinery and motor respectively, the signal of sensor
Line is coupled with the transmitter of signal processing apparatus and touch screen；
4) coarse adjustment：The shaft of rotating machinery carried out in axial tune, is measured with 1 millimeter of dimension accuracy；
5) accurate adjustment：The shaft of axial-force testing device, the shaft of rotating machinery and motor shaft are carried out in radial tune, with
0.01 millimeter of dimension accuracy measures, it is ensured that three axial-force testing device, rotating machinery and motor axis are in the same axis
On；
6) start rotating machinery and motor, pass through the axial force data of each operating point of signal processing apparatus real-time display；
7) flow for changing rotating machinery records the corresponding axial force data of each flow point respectively；
8) data for recording 3 groups or more, average.
Water pump operation surveys the axial force of a certain operating point after stablizing, in order to avoid data have fluctuation, mistake when measurement
A few minutes and then the axial force data for recording same operating point, 3 groups or more of record, then average；It is model below
The axial force testing data of KCP80X50-315 water pumps, test the axial force under 3 flows respectively, and each flow has recorded
Then 3 groups of axial direction force datas average to 3 groups of axial forces, as shown in table 1.
Table 1：
In short, the present invention perceives the transmission of axial force, the elasticity member of sensor by the sensor being arranged on the outside of bearing
Flexible deformation occurs for part, and internal strain sheet resistance is caused to change, to make electric current change, the current signal of variation is defeated
Go out, by signal filtering, amplification, and converts analog signals into digital signal, show on the display device, finally record 3 groups
Above data are averaged, and finally obtain the measured value of axial force, to realize the measurement of axial force.
The present invention has extensive versatility to the test of the axial force of various machineries, can realize to one or two side
To axial force accurate measurement, error range 1% is simple in structure, is an independent component, easy for installation, does not need
Rotating machinery itself is transformed, to solve the problems, such as that the axial force balance of various machineries provides effective means, can be applied
In the other rotating machineries for needing detection axial force demand, for example, wind turbine, compressor, air blower, steam turbine etc., convenient for promoting
Using.
Although embodiment has described the invention in detail, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that, still
It can modify to technical scheme of the present invention and equivalent replacement, should all cover and work as in scope of the presently claimed invention
In.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of axial-force testing device of rotating machinery, characterized in that including shell, bearing, shaft and sensor, described turn
Axis is fixedly connected with the inner ring of bearing, and the outer ring of the bearing is fixedly connected with the casing, and sensor, institute are set in the shaft
The output signal for stating sensor is electrically connected with signal processing apparatus, and the shaft uses non-key type connector, institute with rotating machinery
Shaft is stated with motor to couple using shaft coupling.
2. the axial-force testing device of rotating machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor is ring-type
Body, the mesoporous of ring bodies have certain interval with the shaft surface.
3. the axial-force testing device of rotating machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearing includes leaning against
First bearing together and second bearing, the sensor be a sensor, be arranged first bearing outer ring outside or
The outside of second bearing outer ring, the setting compensation ring between the bearing and sensor.
4. the axial-force testing device of rotating machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearing includes leaning against
First bearing together and second bearing, the sensor are two sensors, including first sensor and second sensor,
First sensor is set in the outside of first bearing outer ring, second sensor is set in the outside of second bearing outer ring, described
The first compensation of setting ring, is arranged second between the second bearing and second sensor between first bearing and first sensor
Compensate ring.
5. the axial-force testing device of rotating machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft is stairstepping
Shaft, against the ladder of shaft, the other side is fixed by axle sleeve and locking nut for the inner ring side of the bearing.
6. the axial-force testing device of rotating machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft and whirler
The non-key type connector of tool connection is chuck, and the shaft coupling that the shaft couples with motor is claw coupling.
7. the axial-force testing device of rotating machinery according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the shell
Including mounting base and end cap, the outer ring of the bearing, the ring bodies of sensor, compensation ring are arranged in the mounting base, institute
The end cap stated includes left end cap and right end cap, and the shaft is pierced by the mesoporous of end cap, and the flange hole of the left and right end cap leads to respectively
Bolt is crossed to be fixedly connected with mounting base.
8. a kind of test method of the axial-force testing device of rotating machinery according to any one of claims 1 to 6, special
Sign is to include the following steps：
1) axial movement value of the shaft of the axial-force testing device is adjusted between 0.35~0.45mm；
2) before testing, by the bearing replacing for bearing axial force of rotating machinery at the bearing for being solely subjected to radial load；
3) the shaft both ends of the axial-force testing device are coupled with rotating machinery and motor respectively, the letter of sensor
The transmitter and touch screen of number line and signal processing apparatus are attached；
4) coarse adjustment：The shaft of rotating machinery carried out in axial tune, is measured with 1 millimeter of dimension accuracy；
5) accurate adjustment：The shaft of the axial-force testing device, the shaft of rotating machinery and motor shaft are carried out in radial tune, with
0.01 millimeter of dimension accuracy measures, it is ensured that three axial-force testing device, rotating machinery and motor axis are in the same axis
On；
6) start rotating machinery and motor, pass through the axial force data of each operating point of signal processing apparatus real-time display；
7) flow for changing rotating machinery records the corresponding axial force data of each flow point respectively；
8) data for recording 3 groups or more, average.
9. the test method of the axial-force testing device of rotating machinery according to claim 8, characterized in that the step
1 further includes,
Until the shaft is axially pushed into dieback toward arbitrary side, the axial end in the other side installs dial gauge, returns to zero,
The shaft is pushed into dieback to negative direction, the axial movement value of the shaft is determined by the reading of dial gauge；If described alter
Momentum does not meet technology requirement, need to be adjusted to the size for compensating ring after ressembling and repeat above step, until meeting
Until it is required that.
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| CN201510401975.XA CN105092129B (en) | 2015-07-09 | 2015-07-09 | A kind of axial-force testing device and its test method of rotating machinery |
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