CN110563672B - 一种制备4位手性取代的γ-丁内酯的方法 - Google Patents
一种制备4位手性取代的γ-丁内酯的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D307/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D307/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/32—Oxygen atoms
- C07D307/33—Oxygen atoms in position 2, the oxygen atom being in its keto or unsubstituted enol form
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种制备4位手性取代的γ‑丁内酯的方法,包括以下步骤:(a)以取代琥珀酸酐为原料经手性还原得到化合物2;(b)化合物2经羟基转为氨基的反应制备成相应的化合物3;(c)化合物3通过一些手性拆分酸进行手性拆分得到化合物4;(d)化合物4经脱氨基反应得到最终产物化合物5。取代基R选自C1‑C8直链或支链烷基、3‑8元脂环族基团、芳基、杂芳基、Ar(CH2)n‑基团,其中,Ar代表芳基、杂芳基,n=1‑6。本发明提供了一种新的合成路线,原料易得,一般取代琥珀酸酐均有大量生产;操作步骤均为常规的化学反应,简易,可操作性强;最终产品的手性选择性好,产品ee值在85~99.5%之间,纯度高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化学合成手性药物中间体的方法,具体涉及一种制备4位手性取代的γ-丁内酯的方法。
背景技术
手性取代的γ-丁内酯作为一类非常重要的结构单元,可见于众多具有重要生物活性的分子中。例如,可抑制乳腺癌和结肠癌的木质素肠内酯6,具有抑制I类艾滋病病毒整合酶的潜力的牛蒡子甙7和异牛蒡子甙8,具有潜在的抗胰腺癌、白血病、黑素瘤的活性的小白菊内酯9,具有抗真菌和细菌活性的仲康酸10和11。
另外,作为重要的药物中间体,手性取代的γ-丁内酯,尤其是4位手性取代的γ-丁内酯,在药物合成中也有着广泛的应用。例如,新一代抗癫痫药物布瓦西坦12的合成,用于治疗外周神经痛以及辅助治疗局限性部分癫痫发发作的药物普瑞巴林13的合成。
鉴于手性取代的γ-丁内酯不仅是重要的活性基团,而且在药物合成中也有着广泛的应用,研究手性取代的γ-丁内酯的合成方法就具有重要意义。
本专利着重研究了4位手性取代的γ-丁内酯的合成方法,综合查阅文献,发现4位手性取代的γ-丁内酯的合成方法主要有下列几条路线:
不对称Baeyer-Villiger氧化反应,自2008年Ding小组报道了手性磷酸催化环丁酮的不对称BV氧化反应,后陆续有其他小组发现更多催化剂可用于该反应。该方法过程简单,原料结构简单,收率在90~99%,ee值在55~93%,缺点是催化剂都过于昂贵,不利于工业化。
不对称氢化反应,Starodubtseva小组开发了基于RuCl3-(R)-BINAP-HCl催化的γ-酮基酯的不对称氢化反应,可一步合成多种γ取代-丁内酯。后续其他小组设计了其他高亲和力的催化剂,以及制备出多手性中心的γ-丁内酯。
不对称金属卡宾转化反应,Doyle等人首先报道了原位生成的金属卡宾促进重氮酯转化为丁内酯的反应。经过多年发展,催化不对称金属卡宾转化已成为合成各种又有生物活性的环状和双环状内酯的关键步骤。
不对称环羰基化反应,1997年Alper等人报道了首例对映选择性的钯催化烯丙基醇的环羰基化反应得到γ-丁内酯。后续的进一步发展,其他团队设计出更稳定的催化剂,更简单的操作方式。
还有一些以更为复杂(或者更不易得)的原料制备得到4位手性取代的γ-丁内酯,虽然可以得到目标产物,显然实际意义不大,简单路线如下:
现有工艺过程要么原料复杂不易得,要么要使用特殊的昂贵的催化剂,为克服已知路线存在的问题,本发明人设计出新的4位手性取代的γ-丁内酯合成工艺路线,并通过实验验证其可行性。新工艺路线具有起始物料易得、操作简单、手性选择性好等优点,具有广泛的工业应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有4位手性取代的γ-丁内酯合成工艺中的各种问题,提供一种新的制备方法,该方法原料易得,过程可控,具备工业化生产的条件。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种制备4位手性取代的γ-丁内酯的方法,包括以下步骤:
(a)在有机溶剂中加入手性CBS催化剂和硼烷二甲硫醚,在酸性条件下滴加取代琥珀酸酐(化合物1)反应得到化合物2;
(b)在有机溶剂中,化合物2经卤代后氨化制备成相应的化合物3;
(c)在有机溶剂中,化合物3与相应的手性拆分酸成盐后析出,过滤后固体加碱游离得到化合物4;
(d)在有机溶剂中,化合物4与还原剂发生还原反应得到最终产物化合物5。
反应路线如下:
其中,*位所示构型为R型、S型;
取代基R选自C1-C8直链或支链烷基、3-8元脂环族基团、芳基、杂芳基、Ar(CH2)n-基团,其中,Ar代表芳基、杂芳基,n=1-6。
在本发明所述的4位手性取代的γ-丁内酯的合成路线中,步骤(a)中所述手性CBS催化剂选自(R)-2-甲基-CBS-恶唑硼烷、(S)-2-甲基-CBS-恶唑硼烷、(R)-2-苯基-CBS-恶唑硼烷、(S)-2-苯基-CBS-恶唑硼烷、(R)-2-(O-甲基)苯-CBS-恶唑硼烷、(S)-2-(O-甲基)苯-CBS-恶唑硼烷。
在本发明所述的4位手性取代的γ-丁内酯的合成路线中,步骤(a)中所述滴加取代琥珀酸酐(化合物1)过程的温度在-80℃~40℃。
所述CBS催化剂和取代琥珀酸酐的当量比在0.1:1到1:1之间。
所述硼烷二甲硫醚和取代琥珀酸的当量比在1:1到2:1之间。
步骤b中,化合物2卤代后氨化反应为将羟基转为氨基的反应,采用本领域中常用方法即可。
在本发明所述的4位手性取代的γ-丁内酯的合成路线中,步骤(c)中所述手性拆分酸选自酒石酸、苹果酸、樟脑酸、樟脑磺酸、扁桃酸。
步骤d中化合物4脱氨基反应采用本领域中常用方法即可。
在本发明所述的4位手性取代的γ-丁内酯的合成路线中,步骤(c)中所述溶剂选自四氢呋喃、乙腈、1,4-二氧六环、二氯甲烷、甲基叔丁醚、乙醚、甲醇、乙醇。
有益效果:
本发明提供了一种新的合成路线,原料易得,一般取代琥珀酸酐均有大量生产;操作步骤均为常规的化学反应,简易,可操作性强;最终产品的手性选择性好,产品ee值在85~99.5%之间,纯度高。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本发明,以下将通过具体的实例进行详细的阐述,应该说明的是,以下实例并非是对本发明范围的限制,显然,本领域的普通技术人员可以根据本文说明,在本发明范围内对本发明做出各种各样的修正和改变,这些修正和改变也纳入本发明的范围。
实施例1(R)-4-丙基二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮的制备
步骤一:(5R)-5-羟基-4-丙基二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮的制备
先将14.2g(100mmol)的丙基琥珀酸酐加入60g二氯甲烷中配成溶液,在1000ml反应瓶中加入二氯甲烷200g、95%硼烷二甲硫醚10.0g(125mmol)、(R)-2-甲基-CBS-恶唑硼烷24.7g(25mmol),加完控制反应温度在25~30℃,待温度稳定后,滴加丙基琥珀酸酐的二氯甲烷溶液,滴加过程控制温度在25~30℃,滴加结束保温反应约2小时后,中控确认反应完成。反应完成后,降温至20℃,将60g甲醇滴加至反应瓶中,后将5%双氧水149.5g(220mmol)滴加至反应瓶中,后20%硫酸186.2g(380mmol)滴加至反应瓶中,三次滴加过程中均保持温度在20℃以下。滴加结束,控制物料温度在25~30℃搅拌半小时,后静置分相,有机相依次用250ml 10%稀硫酸、250ml饱和亚硫酸钠水溶液洗涤。干燥,过滤,浓缩至干,得到无色油状物13.4g(纯度96%,收率93%)。
步骤二:(5R)-5-氨基-4-丙基二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮的制备
在250ml反应瓶中加入四氢呋喃100g,(5R)-5-羟基-4-丙基二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮13.0g(90mmol),加完控温在15~35℃直接,滴加二氯亚砜12.9g(110mmol),滴加结束,升温至50~60℃保温反应约3小时后,中控确认反应完成,浓缩至干,得到淡红色油状物,控温至55~65℃滴加入5%氨的甲醇溶液122.4g(360mmol),滴加结束保温反应约2小时后,中控确认反应完成。过滤,滤液浓缩至干,得到淡黄色油状液体12.5g(纯度93%,收率97%)。
步骤三:(4R,5R)-5-氨基-4-丙基二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮的制备
在250ml反应瓶中加入甲醇100g,(5R)-5-氨基-4-丙基二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮11.5g(80mmol),D-酒石酸7.5g(50mmol),室温搅拌6小时,过滤,得到固体投入15%甲醇钠甲醇溶液100g,室温搅拌2小时,过滤,滤液浓缩至干,得到淡黄色液体5.3g(纯度95%,收率46%)。
步骤四:(R)-4-丙基二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮的制备
在250ml反应瓶中加入四氢呋喃40g,(4R,5R)-5-氨基-4-丙基二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮5.0g(35mmol),搅拌,降温至0~5℃,向反应液内滴加二碘化钐(28.3g,70mmol)和六甲基磷酰胺(12.5g,70mmol)的四氢呋喃(60g)溶液,后继续滴加甲醇(5.6g,175mmol)的四氢呋喃(20g)溶液。滴加完毕,反应液升至室温搅拌半小时。加甲基叔丁基醚200g,饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液150g,搅拌分相。有机相经饱和食盐水150g洗涤,干燥,过滤,滤液浓缩至干,得到淡黄色液体3.8g(纯度96%,收率85%,ee值98.8%)。
实施例2(R)-4-苯甲基二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮的制备
步骤一:(5R)-5-羟基-4-苯甲基二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮的制备
先将19.0g(100mmol)的苯甲基琥珀酸酐加入50g甲苯中配成溶液,在1000ml反应瓶中加入甲苯200g、95%硼烷二甲硫醚10.0g(125mmol)、(R)-2-甲基-CBS-恶唑硼烷24.7g(25mmol),加完控制反应温度在-40~-30℃,待温度稳定后,滴加苯甲基琥珀酸酐的二氯甲烷溶液,滴加过程控制温度在-40~-30℃,滴加结束保温反应约2小时后,中控确认反应完成。反应完成后,升温至20℃,将60g甲醇滴加至反应瓶中,后将5%双氧水149.5g(220mmol)滴加至反应瓶中,后20%硫酸186.2g(380mmol)滴加至反应瓶中,三次滴加过程中均保持温度在20℃以下。滴加结束,控制物料温度在25~30℃搅拌半小时,后静置分相,有机相依次用250ml 10%稀硫酸、250ml饱和亚硫酸钠水溶液洗涤。干燥,过滤,减压浓缩至干,加甲醇40g升温回流1小时后降温至0℃过滤,烘干得到白色粉末固体17.5g(纯度98%,收率91%)。
步骤二:(5R)-5-氨基-4-苯甲基二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮的制备
在500ml反应瓶中加入四氢呋喃100g,(5R)-5-羟基-4-苯甲基二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮17.3g(90mmol),加完控温在15~35℃直接,滴加二氯亚砜12.9g(110mmol),滴加结束,升温至50~60℃保温反应约3小时后,中控确认反应完成,浓缩至干,得到淡红色油状物,控温至55~65℃滴加入5%氨的甲醇溶液122.4g(360mmol),滴加结束保温反应约2小时后,中控确认反应完成。降温至0℃,过滤,过滤除固体用水漂洗,烘干,得到淡黄色粉末固体15.6g(纯度97%,收率91%)。
步骤三:(4R,5R)-5-氨基-4-苯甲基二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮的制备
在250ml反应瓶中加入四氢呋喃100g,(5R)-5-氨基-4-苯甲基二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮15.3g(80mmol),D-酒石酸7.5g(50mmol),室温搅拌6小时,过滤,得到固体投入15%甲醇钠甲醇溶液100g,室温搅拌2小时,降温至0℃,过滤,水漂洗,烘干得到淡黄色粉末固体7.2g(纯度97%,收率47%)。
步骤四:(R)-4-苯甲基二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮的制备
在250ml反应瓶中加入水30g,氨基磺酸10.5g(108mmol),氢氧化钠4.3g(108mmol),搅拌,降温至0~5℃,向反应液内滴加(4R,5R)-5-氨基-4-苯甲基二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮6.9g(36mmol)的甲苯(50g)溶液。滴加完毕,反应液继续保温搅拌半小时后分相。有机相经饱和食盐水40g洗涤,干燥,过滤,滤液浓缩至干,加甲醇40g,升温回流,降温至0℃过滤,得到类白色固体5.5g(纯度98%,收率87%,ee值99.5%)。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,并不用于限制本发明,应当指出,对于本技术领域的技术人员来说,在部脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变型,这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种制备4位手性取代的γ-丁内酯的方法,其特征在于:步骤(a)中所述手性CBS催化剂选自(R)-2-甲基-CBS-恶唑硼烷、(S)-2-甲基-CBS-恶唑硼烷、(R)-2-苯基-CBS-恶唑硼烷、(S)-2-苯基-CBS-恶唑硼烷、(R)-2-(O-甲基)苯-CBS-恶唑硼烷、(S)-2-(O-甲基)苯-CBS-恶唑硼烷。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种制备4位手性取代的γ-丁内酯的方法,其特征在于:步骤(c)中所述手性拆分酸选自酒石酸、苹果酸、樟脑酸、樟脑磺酸、扁桃酸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种制备4位手性取代的γ-丁内酯的方法,其特征在于:步骤(c)中所述溶剂选自四氢呋喃、乙腈、1,4-二氧六环、二氯甲烷、甲基叔丁醚、乙醚、甲醇、乙醇。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种制备4位手性取代的γ-丁内酯的方法,其特征在于:步骤(a)中所述CBS催化剂和化合物1的当量比在0.1:1到1:1之间。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种制备4位手性取代的γ-丁内酯的方法,其特征在于:步骤(a)中所述硼烷二甲硫醚和化合物1的当量比在1:1到2:1之间。
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