CN110560233B - Kitchen waste gradient crusher and gradient crushing method - Google Patents
Kitchen waste gradient crusher and gradient crushing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110560233B CN110560233B CN201910845575.6A CN201910845575A CN110560233B CN 110560233 B CN110560233 B CN 110560233B CN 201910845575 A CN201910845575 A CN 201910845575A CN 110560233 B CN110560233 B CN 110560233B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/0084—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage
- B02C18/0092—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage for waste water or for garbage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/04—Safety devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B15/00—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area
- B08B15/02—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area using chambers or hoods covering the area
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C2018/162—Shape or inner surface of shredder-housings
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kitchen waste gradient crusher, which mainly comprises a shell, an upper blade protecting block, a lower blade protecting block, an upper knife group, a lower knife group, two cover plates, a guide plate and the like; the upper blade protecting block, the upper blade group, the lower blade group and the lower blade protecting block are sequentially arranged in the shell from top to bottom; the two cover plates are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the upper blade protecting block and are hinged with the shell, and the cover plates are matched with the upper blade protecting block to seal the upper part of the shell; the upper cutter set and the lower cutter set are meshed and can rotate in opposite directions or in opposite directions, and the garbage is crushed into different particle levels by different tooth profiles of formed cutting edges; the guide plate is nested outside the lower knife tackle and can be driven by the lower knife tackle to rotate forwards and reversely, when the guide plate does not rotate, the lower part of the shell is sealed, and a material downflow channel is formed after the guide plate rotates. The gradient crusher can crush kitchen waste according to different particle levels, and can seal a channel between a processed material and an inlet and an outlet in non-operation time, so that odor is not emitted outwards.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment equipment and a garbage treatment method, in particular to a kitchen garbage gradient crusher and a gradient crushing method.
Background
The components of the kitchen waste are complex, substances contained in the kitchen waste are very easy to disperse to form slurry, some substances (such as shells, bones, fascia and the like) are difficult to break, and the size of broken particles is not uniform. However, the particle size and uniformity have a great influence on the subsequent solid-liquid separation and anaerobic or aerobic treatment. In addition, because the smell of the kitchen waste is poor, how to prevent the smell of the materials in the crushing equipment is also a difficult problem which is difficult to solve by the traditional equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a kitchen waste gradient crusher and a gradient crushing method aiming at the defects of the prior art, so that the crushing result with uniform particle size and gradient adjustable particle size can be realized on one machine aiming at the requirements of crushing subsequent treatment on different particle sizes and odor properties, and a channel between a treated material and an inlet can be sealed in non-operation time, so that the odor is not emitted outwards.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a kitchen waste gradient crusher comprises a shell, an upper blade protecting block, a lower blade protecting block, an upper cutter set, a lower cutter set, two cover plates and a guide plate;
the upper blade protecting block, the upper blade group, the lower blade group and the lower blade protecting block are sequentially arranged in the shell from top to bottom;
the two cover plates are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the upper edge protecting block, one end of each cover plate is hinged with the shell, the other end of each cover plate is limited by the upper edge protecting block, the cover plates can automatically return to the limiting positions through the elastic devices after rotating, and the cover plates and the upper edge protecting blocks are matched to seal the upper part of the shell at the moment;
the upper cutter group and the lower cutter group are meshed and can rotate in opposite directions or in opposite directions, the cutter groups respectively comprise a cutter shaft, a plurality of fixed cutters and a plurality of non-fixed cutters, the fixed cutters and the cutter shaft are relatively fixed in the circumferential direction, the non-fixed cutters can rotate at a certain angle relative to the cutter shaft, the cutter shaft is different in the distribution of the cutting edges formed by the fixed cutters and the non-fixed cutters after positive rotation and the cutter shaft rotates reversely, so that the distribution of the cutting edge gaps formed when the upper cutter group and the lower cutter group rotate in opposite directions and rotate in opposite directions is different, and garbage is crushed into different particle levels;
the guide plate nests outside lower knife tackle, can be driven and carry out forward, antiport, protect the sword piece down and provide spacing when positive and negative rotation for the guide plate, its higher one side edge all the time laminates with the casing inboard when the guide plate rotates, its both sides edge all laminates with the casing inboard when the guide plate does not rotate.
The principle that the crushing grain sizes of the device are different is as follows: under the combined action of the mechanism and the characteristics, the relative positions of the fixed cutter and the cutter shaft are invariable all the time, and the cutter shaft drives the fixed cutter to rotate together all the time; when the non-fixed cutter rotates forwards and backwards, the position of the non-fixed cutter relative to the cutter shaft can be changed by a certain angle, so that the distribution of the cutting edges formed by the fixed cutter and the non-fixed cutter after the forward rotation is different from the distribution of the cutting edges formed by the fixed cutter and the non-fixed cutter after the backward rotation, and different crushing levels can be formed during the forward rotation and the backward rotation.
In the above technical solution, further, the upper and lower cutter groups are each composed of a cutter shaft and a plurality of cutter group modules, at least one protruding key tooth is distributed on the cutter shaft, each cutter group module is composed of a fixed cutter, a non-fixed cutter and a cutter ring, the fixed cutter and the non-fixed cutter have the same tooth shape, at least one key groove is formed on the shaft holes of the fixed cutter and the cutter ring, at least one sliding key groove is formed on the shaft hole of the non-fixed cutter, and the circumferential groove width of the sliding key groove is larger than that of the key groove; the cutter group module is arranged on the cutter shaft through the matching of the key groove and the key teeth, and the cutter shaft rotates to drive the cutter group module to rotate. In the rotating process, the positions of the fixed cutter and the cutter ring clamped on the key teeth are unchanged all the time; the non-fixed cutters are different in forward rotation and reverse rotation, the non-fixed cutters can rotate by a certain angle, and the non-fixed cutters are in contact with the key teeth through different circumferential surfaces of the key grooves. Similarly, when a plurality of non-stationary knives with different key slots are arranged, a plurality of crushing grades can be formed.
Furthermore, the cutter teeth of the fixed cutter and the non-fixed cutter comprise two-way cutter teeth and neutral cutter teeth, the two-way cutter teeth comprise an anticlockwise cutter for cutting materials when the cutter set rotates anticlockwise and a clockwise cutter for cutting materials when the cutter set rotates clockwise, the angle of the sharp corner of the anticlockwise cutter is smaller than or equal to 90 degrees, and the angle of the sharp corner of the clockwise cutter is smaller than or equal to 90 degrees; the knife surfaces on two sides of the knife sharp angle of the neutral knife tooth are symmetrical.
Further, lower knife tackle in, the knife ring of tip adopts the magnetic ring, the inside at least a set of symmetrical magnetic pole that is provided with of magnetic ring, be fixed with the axle sleeve on the guide plate, be provided with the magnetic pole in the axle sleeve equally, locate on the arbor and install the guide plate outside lower knife tackle with the laminating of magnetic ring through the axle sleeve cover, when knife tackle rotary work down, the magnetic ring drive axle sleeve at lower knife tackle both ends is rotatory thereupon, and then drive whole guide plate rotatory, when the guide plate changes to the limiting position who protects the sword piece down, the guide plate is at magnetic force, resistance when scraping the material and the effect of limiting position are kept stable down.
Furthermore, the guide plate is nested outside the lower knife tackle, the guide plate at the nesting position is in a comb tooth shape, the tooth shape of the comb tooth is matched with the outer contour of the lower knife tackle, and the comb tooth can scrape materials attached to the knife tackle when the lower knife tackle rotates relative to the guide plate.
Furthermore, the surface of the guide plate is an oleophobic plate surface.
Further, two contralateral wall structures of casing the same and symmetry, the lateral wall lower part all includes arc bounding wall and the skirtboard that meets, the skirtboard is located arc bounding wall downside, and opposite with the radian direction of arc bounding wall, the diameter of the inboard cambered surface of arc bounding wall is the same with guide plate length, its higher relative one side edge is laminated with arc bounding wall inboard all the time when the guide plate rotates, the opposite side then forms the passageway that supplies material to descend between and the skirtboard, thereby its both sides edge all seals the casing lower part with the laminating of arc bounding wall and skirtboard transition department when the guide plate does not rotate.
Furthermore, the two side faces of the upper blade protecting block are provided with inclined faces, the two cover plates are respectively limited in rotation, and the contact positions of the end parts of the cover plates and the inclined faces are completely attached.
Furthermore, both sides of the lower edge protecting block are provided with inclined planes for limiting the rotation of the guide plate.
When the gradient crusher is used for crushing garbage, when the cutter edge tooth profiles formed by all the cutters in the upper cutter set are controlled to be consistent, and the cutter edge tooth profiles formed by all the cutters in the lower cutter set are controlled to be consistent, the particles of crushed materials are thicker; when the distribution of the blade tooth profiles formed by all the blades in the upper blade group is controlled to be inconsistent or the distribution of the blade tooth profiles formed by all the blades in the lower blade group is controlled to be inconsistent, the particles of the crushed material are finer (thicker and finer in the two cases, the particle size is not specifically limited).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the gradient crusher can realize different operation effects under simple operation conditions;
2. the invention is provided with an independent crushing channel which is matched with the guide plate and the shell with a specific shape to realize the function of auxiliary crushing, thereby ensuring that materials with different crushing grain diameters are not mixed after crushing;
3. the kitchen odor-resistant device can realize the upper and lower automatic sealing of the device by matching the cover plate and the guide plate in non-working time under the condition of not adding additional devices and electric control components, effectively solves the problem of kitchen odor, and can avoid the problem that electronic devices such as electric control devices, sensors and the like in the traditional device are easy to fail due to garbage pollution.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of one embodiment of the gradient crusher of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the upper blade group (lower blade group);
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a specific structure of a fixed knife and a non-fixed knife;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a particular arrangement of baffles;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the principle of gradient disruption;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the gradient crusher of the present invention in different states.
In the figure: 1. the cutter comprises a shell, 11, a fixed cutter, 111, a shaft hole, 112, a key groove, 113, a counter-time needle edge, 114, a clockwise needle edge, 115, a neutral edge, 12, a non-fixed cutter, 121, a sliding key groove, 13, a cutter ring, 14, a cutter shaft, 15, a key tooth, 16, a magnetic ring, 2, an upper blade protecting block, 21, an upper blade protecting block inclined plane, 3, a cover plate, 4, an upper blade group, 5, a lower blade group, 6, an arc-shaped enclosing plate, 7, a guide plate, 71, a shaft sleeve with a magnetic pole, 72, a comb tooth, 73, an oil-repellent plate surface, 8, a lower blade protecting block, 81, an inclined plane of a lower blade protecting block and 9, an apron plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, a specific structure diagram of an embodiment of the gradient crusher of the present invention is shown.
In the embodiment, the kitchen waste gradient crusher mainly comprises a shell 1, an upper blade protecting block 2, a lower blade protecting block 8, an upper knife group 4, a lower knife group 5, two cover plates 3 and a guide plate 7;
wherein, the upper blade protecting block 2, the upper blade group 4, the lower blade group 5 and the lower blade protecting block 8 are sequentially arranged in the shell 1 from top to bottom so as to divide the space in the shell into a left part and a right part; two cover plates 3 are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the upper edge protection block 2 and respectively correspond to the left space and the right space, one end of each cover plate 3 is hinged with the shell 1, the other end of each cover plate is limited by the upper edge protection block 2, the cover plates can automatically return to the limiting positions through an elastic device after rotating, and the cover plates and the upper edge protection blocks are matched to seal the upper part of the shell at the moment; when apron 3 does not receive the exogenic action, because the effect of resilient means makes apron 3 be located limit position all the time to seal casing 1 upper portion jointly with last sword piece 2, promote apron 3 when external force and rotate, then open rubbish access channel, two apron 3 formation two rubbish access channels.
The upper cutter group 4 is meshed with the lower cutter group 5, the upper cutter group and the lower cutter group can rotate in opposite directions or in opposite directions, the cutter groups respectively comprise a cutter shaft, a plurality of fixed cutters and a plurality of non-fixed cutters, the fixed cutters and the cutter shaft are sleeved on the cutter shaft, the fixed cutters and the non-fixed cutters are relatively fixed in the circumferential direction, the non-fixed cutters can rotate at a certain angle relative to the cutter shaft, the distribution of the cutting edges formed by the fixed cutters and the non-fixed cutters after the cutter shaft rotates in the positive direction is different from that formed by the fixed cutters and the non-fixed cutters after the cutter shaft rotates in the negative direction, so that the distribution of the cutting edge gaps formed when; such as: when the blade tooth profiles formed by all the blades in the upper blade group 4 are controlled to be consistent, and the blade tooth profiles formed by all the blades in the lower blade group 5 are controlled to be consistent, the particles of the crushed materials are thicker; when the distribution of the blade tooth profiles formed by all the knives in the upper knife group 4 is controlled to be inconsistent or the distribution of the blade tooth profiles formed by all the knives in the lower knife group 5 is controlled to be inconsistent, the particles of the crushed materials are finer compared with the above situation.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, each of the upper and lower cutter sets comprises a cutter shaft 14 and a plurality of cutter set modules, at least one protruding key tooth 15 is distributed on the cutter shaft 14, each cutter set module is formed by attaching a fixed cutter 11, a non-fixed cutter 12 and a cutter ring 13, the fixed cutter 11 and the non-fixed cutter 12 have the same tooth form, shaft holes of the fixed cutter 11 and the cutter ring 13 are both provided with at least one key slot 112, a shaft hole of the non-fixed cutter 12 is provided with at least one sliding key slot 121, and the circumferential groove width of the sliding key slot 121 is greater than that of the key slot 112; the cutter group modules are arranged on the cutter shaft through the matching of the key groove and the key teeth and are axially fixed, the two ends of the cutter shaft can be fixed with the cutter shaft through the cutter rings, or the axial fixing of all the cutter group modules is realized by adopting a mode of tightly extruding a shaft shoulder and a flange, and the cutter shaft rotates to drive the cutter group modules to rotate.
As shown in fig. 3, the teeth of the fixed knife 11 and the non-fixed knife 12 include two-way edge teeth and a neutral edge tooth, the two-way edge teeth include a counter-clockwise edge 113 for cutting the material when the knife set rotates counterclockwise and a clockwise edge 114 for cutting the material when the knife set rotates clockwise, the angle of the counter-clockwise edge towards the counterclockwise corner is less than or equal to 90 degrees, and the angle of the clockwise edge towards the clockwise corner is less than or equal to 90 degrees; the blade angle 115 of the neutral blade tooth is symmetrical on the two sides of the blade surface.
As shown in fig. 5, when the upper cutter group 4 rotates counterclockwise and the lower cutter group 5 rotates clockwise in a meshing manner, for the upper cutter group, the protruding key teeth 15 on the cutter shaft drive the left sides of the key groove and the sliding key groove to rotate, so that the tooth profiles formed by all the cutters in the upper cutter group are consistent, and similarly, the tooth profiles formed by all the cutters in the lower cutter group are also consistent, namely, the tooth profile distribution of the right side of fig. 4 is formed, and at this time, the particles of the crushed materials are coarse. When the upper cutter group 4 rotates clockwise and the lower cutter group 5 rotates anticlockwise in a meshed mode, the protruding key teeth 15 on the cutter shafts in the upper cutter group drive the key grooves and the right side edges of the sliding key grooves to rotate, the sliding key grooves slide on the key teeth at a certain angle in the circumferential direction, so that the tooth shapes of the cutters in the upper cutter group are staggered, the lower cutter group is in the same mode, the tooth shape distribution of the left side diagram in the diagram 4 is finally formed, and particles of broken materials are fine.
In another embodiment of the invention, in the lower cutter group, the cutter rings at the two ends of the lower cutter group are all magnetic rings 16, at least one group of symmetrical magnetic poles is arranged in each magnetic ring, the guide plate 7 is a plate with a hollowed middle part to form a comb tooth 72, two side edges of the middle part of the guide plate 7 are respectively fixed with a shaft sleeve 71 with magnetic poles, the symmetrical magnetic poles are distributed in the shaft sleeve 71 with magnetic poles, and the diameter of the excircle of the shaft sleeve is the same as that of the cutter ring 13; the guide plate is nested and arranged outside the lower knife tackle 5 by sleeving the shaft sleeve 71 with the magnetic pole on the shaft of the lower knife tackle and attaching the magnetic ring 16, the tooth form of the comb tooth 72 is matched with the outer contour of the lower knife tackle, and the comb tooth can scrape materials attached to the knife tackle when the lower knife tackle rotates relative to the guide plate. When the lower knife tackle rotates, the magnetic rings at the two ends of the lower knife tackle drive the shaft sleeves to rotate along with the lower knife tackle, so that the whole guide plate is driven to rotate, and when the guide plate rotates to the limiting position of the lower blade protecting block, the guide plate is kept stable under the action of magnetic force and limiting force.
In another embodiment of the invention, the surface of the flow guide plate adopts an oleophobic plate surface which can make oily substances difficult to adhere.
In another embodiment of the invention, the two opposite side walls of the shell have the same and symmetrical structure, the lower parts of the side walls comprise an arc-shaped coaming 6 and an apron board 9 which are connected, the apron board 9 is positioned at the lower side of the arc-shaped coaming 6 and is opposite to the radian direction of the arc-shaped coaming, the diameter of the arc surface at the inner side of the arc-shaped coaming is the same as the length of the guide plate 7, one relatively higher side edge of the guide plate is always attached to the inner side of the arc-shaped coaming when the guide plate rotates, a channel for material to flow down is formed between the other side of the guide plate and the apron board, and two side edges of.
In another embodiment of the invention, two side surfaces of the upper edge protection block 2 are provided with upper edge protection block inclined surfaces 21 which respectively limit the rotation of two cover plates, and the contact part of the end part of the cover plate and the inclined surfaces is completely jointed. The angle and size characteristics of the upper edge guard block bevel 21 cooperate with the cover plate 3 to ensure that the cover plate can be kept in a good closed state when no material is present. Lower blade protecting block inclined planes 81 are arranged on two side faces of the lower blade protecting block 8, the inclined angles of the lower blade protecting block inclined planes 81 are used for limiting two limit positions of the guide plate 7, the upper end of the guide plate is attached to the arc-shaped enclosing plate, and a reasonable distance for materials to smoothly flow down is reserved between the lower end of the guide plate and the enclosing plate.
As figure 6, right side apron 3 rotates and opens, and the work of knife tackle clockwise, lower knife tackle anticlockwise rotation is gone up in the control, and two whole baffles of drive of lower knife tackle are rotatory, and when the baffle rotated to the spacing position of protecting sword piece inclined plane 81 down and remain stable, between two knife tackle, fall to the baffle left side after the breakage by broken material from right side apron 3, finally fall to whole device below. When the whole knife group works reversely, the whole device acts symmetrically with the process. When whole device was out of work, apron 3 replied to the dotted line position under resilient means's effect, and the guide plate replied to the dotted line position, and at this moment, whole device's entry was carried out the secondary by guide plate 7 and two apron 3 and is sealed, can prevent effectively that the smell from giving off.
The gradient garbage crusher and the gradient crushing mode provided by the invention are described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A kitchen waste gradient crusher is characterized by comprising a shell, an upper blade protecting block, a lower blade protecting block, an upper knife group, a lower knife group, two cover plates and a guide plate;
the upper blade protecting block, the upper blade group, the lower blade group and the lower blade protecting block are sequentially arranged in the shell from top to bottom;
the two cover plates are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the upper edge protecting block, one end of each cover plate is hinged with the shell, the other end of each cover plate is limited by the upper edge protecting block, the cover plates can automatically return to the limiting positions through the elastic devices after rotating, and the cover plates and the upper edge protecting blocks are matched to seal the upper part of the shell at the moment;
the upper cutter group and the lower cutter group are meshed and can rotate in opposite directions or in opposite directions, the cutter groups respectively comprise a cutter shaft, a plurality of fixed cutters and a plurality of non-fixed cutters, the fixed cutters and the cutter shaft are relatively fixed in the circumferential direction, the non-fixed cutters can rotate at a certain angle relative to the cutter shaft, the cutter shaft is different in the distribution of the cutting edges formed by the fixed cutters and the non-fixed cutters after positive rotation and the cutter shaft rotates reversely, so that the distribution of the cutting edge gaps formed when the upper cutter group and the lower cutter group rotate in opposite directions and rotate in opposite directions is different, and garbage is crushed into different particle levels;
the guide plate is nested outside the lower knife tackle and can be driven to rotate forwards and backwards, the lower blade protecting block provides limiting for the guide plate when the guide plate rotates forwards and backwards, one side edge of the guide plate which is relatively higher is attached to the inner side of the shell when the guide plate rotates, and two side edges of the guide plate are both attached to the inner side of the shell when the guide plate does not rotate;
the upper cutter group and the lower cutter group are respectively composed of a cutter shaft and a plurality of cutter group modules, at least one protruding key tooth is distributed on the cutter shaft, each cutter group module is formed by attaching a fixed cutter, a non-fixed cutter and a cutter ring, the tooth shapes of the fixed cutter and the non-fixed cutter are the same, at least one key groove is formed in the shaft holes of the fixed cutter and the cutter ring, at least one sliding key groove is formed in the shaft hole of the non-fixed cutter, and the circumferential groove width of the sliding key groove is larger than that of the key groove; the cutter group module is arranged on the cutter shaft through the matching of the key groove and the key teeth, and the cutter shaft rotates to drive the cutter group module to rotate.
2. The kitchen waste gradient crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the teeth of the fixed knife and the non-fixed knife comprise two-way edge teeth and neutral edge teeth, the two-way edge teeth comprise a counterclockwise edge for cutting materials when the knife set rotates counterclockwise and a clockwise edge for cutting materials when the knife set rotates clockwise, the angle of the sharp corner of the counterclockwise edge is less than or equal to 90 degrees, and the angle of the sharp corner of the clockwise edge is less than or equal to 90 degrees; the knife surfaces on two sides of the knife sharp angle of the neutral knife tooth are symmetrical.
3. The kitchen waste gradient crusher as recited in claim 1, wherein the guide plate is nested outside the lower cutter group, the guide plate at the nesting is in a comb-tooth shape, the tooth shape of the comb-tooth is matched with the outer contour of the lower cutter group, the comb-tooth can scrape off materials attached to the cutter group when the lower cutter group rotates relative to the guide plate, and the guide plate is pushed to rotate towards the discharging side under the resistance action when the materials are scraped off.
4. The kitchen waste gradient crusher as recited in claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the deflector is an oleophobic plate surface.
5. The kitchen waste gradient crusher as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two opposite side walls of the housing are identical and symmetrical in structure, the lower portion of each side wall comprises an arc-shaped enclosing plate and a skirt plate which are connected, the skirt plate is arranged on the lower side of the arc-shaped enclosing plate and is opposite to the arc direction of the arc-shaped enclosing plate, the diameter of the arc surface on the inner side of the arc-shaped enclosing plate is identical to the length of the guide plate, one relatively high side edge of the guide plate is attached to the inner side of the arc-shaped enclosing plate when the guide plate rotates, a channel for material to flow down is formed between the other side edge of the guide plate and the skirt plate, and the two side edges of the.
6. The kitchen waste gradient crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that two side faces of the upper blade protecting block are provided with inclined faces respectively for limiting the rotation of the two cover plates, and the end parts of the cover plates are completely attached to the contact positions of the inclined faces.
7. The kitchen waste gradient crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that two side faces of the lower blade protecting block are provided with inclined faces for limiting the rotation of the guide plate.
8. The kitchen waste gradient crusher according to claim 2, characterized in that in the lower cutter group, the cutter ring at the most end part adopts a magnetic ring, at least one set of symmetrical magnetic poles is arranged in the magnetic ring, a shaft sleeve is fixed on the guide plate, magnetic poles are also arranged in the shaft sleeve, the guide plate is arranged outside the lower cutter group by being sleeved on the cutter shaft through the shaft sleeve and attached to the magnetic ring, when the lower cutter group rotates, the magnetic rings at the two ends of the lower cutter group drive the shaft sleeve to rotate along with the guide plate, so that the whole guide plate is driven to rotate, and when the guide plate rotates to the limiting position of the lower blade protecting block, the guide plate is kept stable under the action of magnetic force and limiting force.
9. A kitchen waste gradient crushing method is characterized in that the gradient crusher according to claim 1 is adopted for realizing, no additional device or control is needed, a cover plate and a guide plate realize the upper and lower automatic sealing of the device in non-working time, and when the device works, the blade tooth profiles formed by all the knives in an upper knife group are controlled to be distributed uniformly, and the blade tooth profiles formed by all the knives in a lower knife group are controlled to be distributed uniformly, the particles of crushed materials are thicker; when the distribution of the tooth profiles of the cutting edges formed by all the cutters in the upper cutter group is controlled to be inconsistent or the distribution of the tooth profiles of the cutting edges formed by all the cutters in the lower cutter group is controlled to be inconsistent, the particles of the crushed materials are finer, and the material channels with different crushed particle sizes are independent from each other and cannot be mixed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910845575.6A CN110560233B (en) | 2019-09-06 | 2019-09-06 | Kitchen waste gradient crusher and gradient crushing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
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| CN110560233A (en) | 2019-12-13 |
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