CN110558133A - Planting method of jade green tea trees - Google Patents

Planting method of jade green tea trees Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110558133A
CN110558133A CN201910903619.6A CN201910903619A CN110558133A CN 110558133 A CN110558133 A CN 110558133A CN 201910903619 A CN201910903619 A CN 201910903619A CN 110558133 A CN110558133 A CN 110558133A
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fertilizer
planting
soil
tea
nitrogen
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江福英
吴志丹
尤志明
王峰
陈玉真
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Tea Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Tea Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2101/00—Agricultural use

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method of jade green tea trees, which belongs to the technical field of tea planting, wherein the planting method comprises the steps of preparing biological black carbon by using wheat straws, corn cobs, coconut shells and volcanic ash, improving sandy red soil for planting the tea trees by applying the biological black carbon, and then applying the biological black carbon and fertilizer together, so that the phenomenon that a large amount of nutrient substances are lost along with water in the process of planting the jade green tea trees is avoided, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of soil can be adjusted, the fertility is increased, the quantity and activity of soil enzymes generated by soil microorganisms can be obviously improved, organic matters in the soil are promoted to be hydrolyzed, nitrate nitrogen is reduced into ammonia and is absorbed and utilized by the tea trees, the planting survival rate and the tea yield are obviously improved, and the planting method conforms to the development concepts of green, precision and industrialization of modern agriculture.

Description

Planting method of jade green tea trees
Technical Field
the invention belongs to the technical field of tea planting, and particularly relates to a planting method of jade green tea trees.
background
in the tea planting process, a certain amount of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer is required to be applied. The addition of the fertilizers is beneficial to improving the soil fertility and providing sufficient nutrient substances for the tea trees so as to improve the survival rate of tea tree planting and obtain the tea trees with higher yield. In the traditional planting process, in order to improve the content of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil, a large amount of fertilizer can be applied, but because the capacity of the soil for utilizing the fertilizer is limited, excessive fertilizer cannot be utilized by tea trees, antagonism can be generated among the excessive fertilizer and the excessive fertilizer affects the utilization of the tea trees, and meanwhile, the excessive fertilizer can enter the surrounding water environment along with rainwater loss, so that the problem of water eutrophication is caused, and the production concept of green and environment-friendly modern agriculture is not met.
Yucui is a new improved variety of tea tree 'you 4' bred by tea research institute of agricultural academy of sciences of Fujian province, and is bred from natural filial generation of white Guanyin by adopting a single-plant breeding method. The spring tea-bud and leaf dry sample contains about 42.2% of water extract, 3.1% of amino acid and 21.07% of tea polyphenol, and has better drought resistance, cold resistance and disease and insect resistance compared with Fuding white tea. Because the utilization capacities of different varieties of tea trees to nutrient substances in soil are different, an environment-friendly planting method suitable for jade green tea trees is needed to be researched, the use amount of a fertilizer is controlled, and the utilization rate of nutrient elements in the soil is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: provides an environment-friendly planting method suitable for jade green tea trees.
in order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a planting method of jade green tea trees comprises the following steps:
Step 1, selecting sandy red soil with pH of 4.55-5.25 according to the proportion of 14-18t/hm2applying biological black carbon, scattering the biological black carbon on the surface of the soil, and turning 20cm deep to mix the biological black carbon with the soil;
Step 2, planting 5 clusters at intervals of 50cm in a single row, wherein the cluster distance is 30cm, and the row distance is 85-100 cm;
Step 3, applying a phosphate fertilizer, a nitrogenous fertilizer base fertilizer and a potash fertilizer base fertilizer 1 month after planting, wherein the application rates of the nitrogenous fertilizer base fertilizer and the potash fertilizer base fertilizer are respectively 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer and the total potash fertilizer; 4 months after planting, applying a germination accelerating nitrogen fertilizer and a germination accelerating potassium fertilizer, wherein the application rates of the germination accelerating nitrogen fertilizer and the germination accelerating potassium fertilizer are respectively 30% of the application rates of the total nitrogen fertilizer and the total potassium fertilizer, and applying a top dressing nitrogen fertilizer and a top dressing potassium fertilizer in 9 months after planting, wherein the application rates of the top dressing nitrogen fertilizer and the top dressing potassium fertilizer are respectively 30% of the application rates of the total nitrogen fertilizer and the total potassium fertilizer;
The biological black carbon is prepared from wheat straws, corn cobs, coconut shells and volcanic ash in a mass ratio of 70-85:20:35: 15;
The jade green tea tree is a new fine variety 'you 4' of tea tree bred by tea research institute of agricultural academy of sciences of Fujian province.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the planting method of jade green tea trees selects acidic sandy red soil, uses composite biological black carbon prepared from wheat straws, corn cobs, coconut shells and volcanic ash to improve the soil, the composite biological black carbon is highly aromatic and rich in carbon, has a porous structure, and shares the volcanic ash, so that the capability of controlling the water content of the soil by the biological black carbon is further improved, the loss of a large amount of nutrient substances along with water is avoided, the composite biological black carbon is applied to be matched with waste materials, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil can be adjusted, the soil can be improved, the fertility can be increased, the quantity and the activity of soil enzymes (urease, protease nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase) generated by soil microorganisms can be remarkably improved, the hydrolysis of organic matters in the soil is further promoted, and nitrate nitrogen is promoted to be reduced into ammonia to be absorbed and utilized by the tea trees. The planting method of jade green tea trees provided by the invention is accurate in regulation and control and easy to control, remarkably improves the survival rate of planting and the yield of tea leaves, and accords with the development concepts of green, environmental protection, accuracy and industrialization of modern agriculture.
Detailed Description
In order to explain the technical content, the objects and the effects of the present invention in detail, the following description will be given with reference to the embodiments.
The most key concept of the invention is as follows: the planting soil is improved by using the composite biological black carbon, and the environment-friendly planting method suitable for jade green tea trees is obtained by matching with a fertilizing method.
the invention provides a planting method of jade green tea trees, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, selecting sandy red soil with pH of 4.55-5.25 according to the proportion of 14-18t/hm2Applying biological black carbon, scattering the biological black carbon on the surface of the soil, and turning 20cm deep to mix the biological black carbon with the soil;
Planting tea seedlings, planting 5 clusters at intervals of 50cm in a single row, wherein the cluster distance is 30cm, the row distance is 85-100cm, and watering is carried out after planting;
Step 3, applying a phosphate fertilizer, a nitrogenous fertilizer base fertilizer and a potash fertilizer base fertilizer 1 month after planting, wherein the application rates of the nitrogenous fertilizer base fertilizer and the potash fertilizer base fertilizer are respectively 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer and the total potash fertilizer; 4 months after planting, applying a germination accelerating nitrogen fertilizer and a germination accelerating potassium fertilizer, wherein the application rates of the germination accelerating nitrogen fertilizer and the germination accelerating potassium fertilizer are respectively 30% of the application rates of the total nitrogen fertilizer and the total potassium fertilizer, and applying a top dressing nitrogen fertilizer and a top dressing potassium fertilizer in 9 months after planting, wherein the application rates of the top dressing nitrogen fertilizer and the top dressing potassium fertilizer are respectively 30% of the application rates of the total nitrogen fertilizer and the total potassium fertilizer;
the biological black carbon is prepared from wheat straws, corn cobs, coconut shells and volcanic ash in a mass ratio of 70-85:20:35: 15;
The jade green tea tree is a good variety 'you 4' of tea tree bred by tea research institute of agricultural academy of sciences of Fujian province.
From the above description, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the planting method of jade green tea trees selects acidic sandy red soil, uses composite biological black carbon prepared from wheat straws, corn cobs, coconut shells and volcanic ash to improve the soil, the composite biological black carbon is highly aromatic and rich in carbon, has a porous structure, and shares the volcanic ash, so that the capability of controlling the water content of the soil by the biological black carbon is further improved, the loss of a large amount of nutrient substances along with water is avoided, the composite biological black carbon is applied to be matched with waste materials, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil can be adjusted, the soil can be improved, the fertility can be increased, the quantity and the activity of soil enzymes (urease, protease, nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase) generated by soil microorganisms can be remarkably improved, the hydrolysis of organic matters in the soil is further promoted, and nitrate nitrogen is promoted to be reduced into ammonia to be absorbed and utilized by the tea trees. The planting method of jade green tea trees provided by the invention is accurate in regulation and control and easy to control, remarkably improves the survival rate of planting and the yield of tea leaves, and accords with the development concepts of green, environmental protection, accuracy and industrialization of modern agriculture.
Further, the planting time of the step 2 is 11 months.
Further, the preparation method of the biological black carbon comprises the following steps: mixing and crushing wheat straws, corn cobs and coconut shells, sieving the mixture with a 40-mesh sieve, mixing and crushing the mixture and volcanic ash, sieving the mixture with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder, spraying water on the mixed powder until the water content of the mixed powder is 30-40%, and performing anaerobic carbonization for 2-4h at 400-500 ℃.
Compared with the traditional biological black carbon, the prepared biological black carbon has the advantages that the pore structure is developed, the pore size is more diversified, the regulation and control capability on moisture is stronger, and the activity of enzymes related to nitrogen conversion can be effectively improved by sharing the corn cob, the coconut shell and the volcanic ash.
Further, the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied was 225kg/hm2The total amount of the applied potassium fertilizer is 150kg/hm2The total amount of the applied phosphate fertilizer is 190kg/hm2。
Further, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate, and the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate.
Furthermore, the organic carbon content of the sandy red soil is 3-4g/kg, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 11-13.
As can be seen from the above description, the sandy red soil has good water-draining property and proper carbon-nitrogen ratio, and is beneficial to use and improvement.
Further, the method also comprises the step 2 and the step 3, wherein improved sandy red soil with the thickness of 1-5mm is paved on the surface of the soil, the improved sandy red soil is obtained by mixing the sterile sandy red soil obtained in the step 1 with tea seed powder according to the mass ratio of 8-10:1, the tea seed powder is obtained by drying and crushing tea seed meal, and the tea seed meal is obtained by pressing oil from seeds of camellia oleifera in the family Theaceae.
According to the description, the improved sandy red soil is laid on the surface of the soil, so that the antibacterial effect can be effectively achieved in the early stage of planting, the survival rate of planting is improved, and compared with the use of insecticides and disinfectants, the improved sandy red soil is not easy to cause pesticide residue and is more environment-friendly.
Further, the particle size of the tea seed powder is 60-80 meshes.
the first embodiment of the invention is as follows:
The planting method of jade green tea trees specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1, planting jade green tea trees in 11 months in a tea garden with the altitude of 89m (annual average rainfall is 1646mm, annual frost-free period is 285 days, annual average temperature is 19.3 ℃) in the town of Fuan city, Fujian province, the east longitude is 119.57231 degrees, the north latitude is 27.21920 degrees, and the jade green tea trees are planted, sandy red soil with the pH value of 4.85 is selected, and 16t/hm is carried out according to the formula2Applying biological black carbon, scattering the biological black carbon on the surface of the soil, and turning 20cm deep to mix the biological black carbon with the soil;
planting tea seedlings, planting 5 clusters at intervals of 50cm in a single row, wherein the cluster distance is 30cm, the row distance is 85cm, and watering is carried out after planting;
step 3, laying improved sandy red soil with the thickness of 1-5mm on the soil surface, wherein the improved sandy red soil is obtained by mixing the sterile sandy red soil in the step 1 with tea seed powder according to the mass ratio of 8:1, and the tea seed powder is obtained by drying and crushing tea seed meal; the particle size of the tea seed powder is 80 meshes;
Step 4, applying a phosphate fertilizer, a nitrogenous fertilizer base fertilizer and a potash fertilizer base fertilizer 1 month after planting, wherein the application rates of the nitrogenous fertilizer base fertilizer and the potash fertilizer base fertilizer are respectively 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer and the total potash fertilizer; 4 months after planting, applying a germination accelerating nitrogen fertilizer and a germination accelerating potassium fertilizer, wherein the application rates of the germination accelerating nitrogen fertilizer and the germination accelerating potassium fertilizer are respectively 30% of the application rates of the total nitrogen fertilizer and the total potassium fertilizer, and applying a top dressing nitrogen fertilizer and a top dressing potassium fertilizer in 9 months after planting, wherein the application rates of the top dressing nitrogen fertilizer and the top dressing potassium fertilizer are respectively 30% of the application rates of the total nitrogen fertilizer and the total potassium fertilizer;
The biological black carbon is prepared from wheat straws, corn cobs, coconut shells and volcanic ash in a mass ratio of 70:20:35: 15; the preparation method of the biological black carbon comprises the following steps: mixing and crushing wheat straws, corn cobs and coconut shells, sieving the mixture with a 40-mesh sieve, mixing and crushing the mixture and volcanic ash, sieving the mixture with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder, spraying water to the mixed powder until the water content of the mixed powder is 40%, and performing anaerobic carbonization for 2 hours at 500 ℃;
The jade green tea tree is a new fine variety 'you 4' of tea tree bred by the tea research institute of agricultural academy of sciences of Fujian province;
the total amount of the applied nitrogen fertilizer is 225kg/hm2the total amount of the applied potassium fertilizer is 150kg/hm2the total amount of the applied phosphate fertilizer is 190kg/hm2；
The nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate, and the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate;
the sandy red soil has organic carbon content of 3-4g/kg and carbon-nitrogen ratio of 11-13.
the second embodiment of the invention is as follows:
Step 1, planting jade green tea trees in 11 months in a tea garden with the altitude of 89m (annual average rainfall is 1646mm, annual frost-free period is 285 days, annual average temperature is 19.3 ℃) in the town of Fuan city, Fujian province, Fujian city, China, and the east longitude is 119.57231 degrees, the northern latitude is 27.21920 degrees, and the planting jade green tea trees are selected, sandy red soil with the pH value of 5.25 is selected, and 14t/hm is carried out according to the formula2Applying biological black carbon, scattering the biological black carbon on the surface of the soil, and turning 20cm deep to mix the biological black carbon with the soil;
Planting tea seedlings, planting 5 clusters at intervals of 50cm in a single row, wherein the cluster distance is 30cm, the row distance is 100cm, and watering is carried out after planting;
step 3, laying improved sandy red soil with the thickness of 1-5mm on the soil surface, wherein the improved sandy red soil is obtained by mixing the sterile sandy red soil in the step 1 with tea seed powder according to the mass ratio of 10:1, and the tea seed powder is obtained by drying and crushing tea seed meal; the particle size of the tea seed powder is 60 meshes;
Step 4, applying a phosphate fertilizer, a nitrogenous fertilizer base fertilizer and a potash fertilizer base fertilizer 1 month after planting, wherein the application rates of the nitrogenous fertilizer base fertilizer and the potash fertilizer base fertilizer are respectively 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer and the total potash fertilizer; 4 months after planting, applying a germination accelerating nitrogen fertilizer and a germination accelerating potassium fertilizer, wherein the application rates of the germination accelerating nitrogen fertilizer and the germination accelerating potassium fertilizer are respectively 30% of the application rates of the total nitrogen fertilizer and the total potassium fertilizer, and applying a top dressing nitrogen fertilizer and a top dressing potassium fertilizer in 9 months after planting, wherein the application rates of the top dressing nitrogen fertilizer and the top dressing potassium fertilizer are respectively 30% of the application rates of the total nitrogen fertilizer and the total potassium fertilizer;
The biological black carbon is prepared from wheat straws, corn cobs, coconut shells and volcanic ash in a mass ratio of 75:20:35: 15; the preparation method of the biological black carbon comprises the following steps: mixing and crushing wheat straws, corn cobs and coconut shells, sieving the mixture with a 40-mesh sieve, mixing and crushing the mixture and volcanic ash, sieving the mixture with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder, spraying water on the mixed powder until the water content of the mixed powder is 30%, and carrying out anaerobic carbonization for 2 hours at 400 ℃;
The jade green tea tree is a new fine variety 'you 4' of tea tree bred by the tea research institute of agricultural academy of sciences of Fujian province;
The total amount of the applied nitrogen fertilizer is 225kg/hm2The total amount of the applied potassium fertilizer is 150kg/hm2the total amount of the applied phosphate fertilizer is 190kg/hm2；
the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate, and the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate;
The sandy red soil has organic carbon content of 3-4g/kg and carbon-nitrogen ratio of 11-13.
The third embodiment of the invention is as follows:
Step 1, planting jade green tea trees in 11 months in a tea garden with the altitude of 89m (annual average rainfall is 1646mm, annual frost-free period is 285 days, annual average temperature is 19.3 ℃) in the town of Fuan city, Fujian province, Fujian city, China, and the east longitude is 119.57231 degrees, the northern latitude is 27.21920 degrees, and the planting jade green tea trees are selected, sandy red soil with the pH value of 4.55 is selected, and 18t/hm is carried out according to the formula2Applying biological black carbon, scattering the biological black carbon on the surface of the soil, and turning 20cm deep to mix the biological black carbon with the soil;
Planting tea seedlings, planting 5 clusters at intervals of 50cm in a single row, wherein the cluster distance is 30cm, the row distance is 90cm, and watering is carried out after planting;
Step 3, applying a phosphate fertilizer, a nitrogenous fertilizer base fertilizer and a potash fertilizer base fertilizer 1 month after planting, wherein the application rates of the nitrogenous fertilizer base fertilizer and the potash fertilizer base fertilizer are respectively 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer and the total potash fertilizer; 4 months after planting, applying a germination accelerating nitrogen fertilizer and a germination accelerating potassium fertilizer, wherein the application rates of the germination accelerating nitrogen fertilizer and the germination accelerating potassium fertilizer are respectively 30% of the application rates of the total nitrogen fertilizer and the total potassium fertilizer, and applying a top dressing nitrogen fertilizer and a top dressing potassium fertilizer in 9 months after planting, wherein the application rates of the top dressing nitrogen fertilizer and the top dressing potassium fertilizer are respectively 30% of the application rates of the total nitrogen fertilizer and the total potassium fertilizer;
the biological black carbon is prepared from wheat straws, corn cobs, coconut shells and volcanic ash in a mass ratio of 85:20:35: 15; the preparation method of the biological black carbon comprises the following steps: mixing and crushing wheat straws, corn cobs and coconut shells, sieving the mixture with a 40-mesh sieve, mixing and crushing the mixture and volcanic ash, sieving the mixture with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder, spraying water on the mixed powder until the water content of the mixed powder is 35%, and performing anaerobic carbonization for 3 hours at 480 ℃;
The jade green tea tree is a new fine variety 'you 4' of tea tree bred by the tea research institute of agricultural academy of sciences of Fujian province;
The total amount of the applied nitrogen fertilizer is 225kg/hm2The total amount of the applied potassium fertilizer is 150kg/hm2The total amount of the applied phosphate fertilizer is 190kg/hm2；
The nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate, and the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate;
The sandy red soil has organic carbon content of 3-4g/kg and carbon-nitrogen ratio of 11-13.
the first comparative example of the present invention is:
the difference between the first comparative example and the first example is that the biological black carbon is prepared from wheat straws, and the preparation method of the biological black carbon in the first comparative example comprises the following steps: crushing the wheat straws, sieving the crushed wheat straws with a 80-mesh sieve, spraying water until the water content of the crushed wheat straws is 40 percent, and performing anaerobic carbonization for 2 hours at 500 ℃, wherein the weight of the crushed wheat straws is the same as that of the mixed powder in the first embodiment.
the second comparative example of the present invention is:
The comparative example two differs from the example one in that no bio-black carbon was applied.
The third comparative example of the present invention is:
Comparative example three differs from example one in that no nitrogen fertilizer is applied.
Comparative example four of the present invention is:
Comparative example four differs from example one in that no biological black carbon and no nitrogen fertilizer was applied.
Test example 1:
The results of physicochemical analysis of the soil of example one are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
the average survival rate, tree height, tree breadth, germination density and fresh leaf yield of the plants are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Survival rate (%) Tree height (cm) tree breadth (cm) Germination density (pieces/0.1 m)2) fresh leaf yield (kg/m)2)
Example one 92.70 26.70 32.34 103 2.01
example two 91.88 26.71 32.40 102 2.03
EXAMPLE III 89.80 25.68 31.78 102 1.95
Comparative example 1 88.60 25.80 31.48 98 1.88
Comparative example No. two 84.69 24.55 31.50 93 1.71
Comparative example No. three 83.85 24.12 31.30 95 1.77
Comparative example No. four 80.90 24.32 31.38 93 1.68
As can be seen from table 1, the survival rate of tea trees and the yield of tea leaves can be significantly improved by using the biological black carbon, and the survival rate of the first example and the second example which are covered with the improved sandy red soil is higher than that of the third example which is not covered with the improved sandy red soil.
test example 2:
1. Selection of samples
The tea trees of examples one to three and comparative examples one to four were planted, autumn tea was harvested after one year, then 0 to 20cm of soil was taken, each soil sample consisted of 5 spots of soil, one spot was distributed between the tea plants, two spots were distributed at 20cm of the tea row (distributed at both sides of the tea row, respectively), two spots were distributed at 40cm of the tea row (distributed at both sides of the tea row, respectively), and the samples were thoroughly mixed, air-dried, and sieved to obtain air-dried samples for use.
2. Urease activity assay
urease activity was measured using sodium phenolate colorimetry. Weighing 5g of the air-dried sample passing through a 1mm sieve into a 100ml volumetric flask, then adding 10ml of 10% urea solution and 20ml of citric acid buffer solution (pH6.7), carefully mixing, placing the volumetric flask into a 37 ℃ incubator, culturing for 24h, after the culture is finished, diluting to the scale with water heated to 38 ℃, carefully shaking, and filtering the suspension in a triangular flask by using dense filter paper. The colorimetric determination of the chromogenic solution at 578nm in a 1-cm cuvette in a spectrophotometer over 1h ((blue color of the cyanine) phenol remained stable over 1 h) is shown in Table 3.
3. Protease activity assay
Protease activity was determined by the indetrione method. Placing 2g of air-dried soil passing through a 1mm sieve in a 50mL volumetric flask, and adding 10mL of 1% gelatin solution prepared by using a phosphate buffer solution with the pH value of 7.4 and 0.5mL of toluene; culturing in 30 deg.C incubator for 24 hr; after the culture is finished, filtering the content in the bottle; placing 5mL of the filtrate in a test tube, adding 0.5mL of 0.1N sulfuric acid and 3mL of 20% sodium sulfate to precipitate the protein, then filtering into a 50mL volumetric flask, and adding 1mL of 2% ninhydrin solution; the mixture was carefully shaken and heated in a boiling water bath for 10 min; diluting the obtained coloring solution with distilled water to a constant volume to scale marks; finally, the color was measured at 560nm, and the results are shown in Table 3.
4. nitrate reductase Activity assay
Nitrate reductase activity was measured by phenoldisulfonic acid colorimetry. 1g of fresh soil sample (sample mixing method 1, sample selection) was placed in a 100ml plastic bottle, and 20mg of CaCO was added3And 1ml of KNO3The solution was mixed well and 1ml of glucose solution was added, and the other set was added with the same amount of distilled water instead of the substrate (substrate). The bottle stopper is tightly covered (the anaerobic environment is ensured), the plastic bottle is slightly shaken, and the bottle is placed in a constant temperature incubator at 30 ℃ for culture for 24 hours while the other group of reagents is used as a blank control. Adding 50ml deionized water and 1ml potassium aluminum solution after the culture, standing for 20min, mixing uniformly and filtering. Taking 20ml of filtrate in a porcelain evaporation dish, evaporating to dryness in a water bath, adding 2ml of phenol disulfonic acid solution for dissolving treatment for 10min, then adding 15ml of deionized water, adjusting to yellowish with 10% NaOH, finally transferring to a 50ml volumetric flask, carrying out color comparison at 400-500nm after constant volume, and obtaining the results shown in Table 3.
5. nitrite reductase Activity assay
Nitrite reductase activity was developed using Grignard reagents. Weighing 1g of air-dried soil which is sieved by 1mm, placing the soil in a 100ml pressure reduction triangular flask, and adding 20mg of CaCO3and 1ml NaNO2Shaking, adding 1ml of 1% glucose solution, vacuumizing for 3min, culturing in 30 deg.C incubator for 24 hr, adding 50ml of water and 1ml of Alkalite, shaking, filtering, adding 1ml of filtrate into 50ml volumetric flask, adding 5ml of water and 4ml of Grignard reagent, mixing, developing, fixing volume to 50ml, carrying out color comparison at 550-600nm, and measuring NO before and after reaction2the difference in the amount of-N was calculated for the enzyme activity, and the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
As can be seen from Table 3, the effect of the application of the biological black carbon on the activity of the enzyme related to the nitrogen conversion of the soil is great, the activities of urease, protease, nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase after the application are obviously improved compared with the activities of the enzyme not applied, and the difference reaches an extremely significant level, which indicates that the planting method provided by the application can regulate and control the activity of the enzyme related to the nitrogen conversion of the tea garden soil, and achieves the purposes of controlling the nitrification rate of the nitrogen fertilizer and reducing the loss of the nitrogen fertilizer.
in conclusion, according to the planting method of jade green tea trees, acid sandy red soil is selected, the composite biological black carbon prepared from wheat straws, corn cobs, coconut shells and volcanic ash is used for improving soil, the composite biological black carbon is highly aromatic and rich in carbon, has a porous structure, and is shared by volcanic ash, so that the capability of the biological black carbon for controlling the water content of the soil is further improved, the loss of a large amount of nutrient substances along with water is avoided, the composite biological black carbon is applied to be matched with waste materials, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil can be adjusted, the soil can be improved, the fertility can be increased, the quantity and the activity of soil enzymes (urease, protease nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase) generated by soil microorganisms can be remarkably improved, the hydrolysis of organic matters in the soil is further promoted, and the nitrate nitrogen is reduced into ammonia to be absorbed and utilized by the tea trees. The planting method of jade green tea trees provided by the invention is accurate in regulation and control and easy to control, remarkably improves the survival rate of planting and the yield of tea leaves, and accords with the development concepts of green, environmental protection, accuracy and industrialization of modern agriculture.
the above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent modifications made by the present invention in the specification or directly or indirectly applied to the related technical field are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. the planting method of jade green tea trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting sandy red soil with pH of 4.55-5.25 according to the proportion of 14-18t/hm2Applying biological black carbon, scattering the biological black carbon on the surface of the soil, and turning 20cm deep to mix the biological black carbon with the soil;
step 2, planting 5 clusters at intervals of 50cm in a single row, wherein the cluster distance is 30cm, and the row distance is 85-100 cm;
Step 3, applying a phosphate fertilizer, a nitrogenous fertilizer base fertilizer and a potash fertilizer base fertilizer 1 month after planting, wherein the application rates of the nitrogenous fertilizer base fertilizer and the potash fertilizer base fertilizer are respectively 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer and the total potash fertilizer; 4 months after planting, applying a germination accelerating nitrogen fertilizer and a germination accelerating potassium fertilizer, wherein the application rates of the germination accelerating nitrogen fertilizer and the germination accelerating potassium fertilizer are respectively 30% of the application rates of the total nitrogen fertilizer and the total potassium fertilizer, and applying a top dressing nitrogen fertilizer and a top dressing potassium fertilizer in 9 months after planting, wherein the application rates of the top dressing nitrogen fertilizer and the top dressing potassium fertilizer are respectively 30% of the application rates of the total nitrogen fertilizer and the total potassium fertilizer;
The biological black carbon is prepared from wheat straws, corn cobs, coconut shells and volcanic ash in a mass ratio of 70-85:20:35: 15;
The jade green tea tree is a good variety 'you 4' of tea tree bred by tea research institute of agricultural academy of sciences of Fujian province.
2. The method for planting emerald tea trees according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the biological black carbon comprises the following steps: mixing and crushing wheat straws, corn cobs and coconut shells, sieving the mixture with a 40-mesh sieve, mixing and crushing the mixture and volcanic ash, sieving the mixture with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder, spraying water on the mixed powder until the water content of the mixed powder is 30-40%, and performing anaerobic carbonization for 2-4h at 400-500 ℃.
3. the method for planting Jade green tea tree as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied is 225kg/hm2the total amount of the applied potassium fertilizer is 150kg/hm2The total amount of the applied phosphate fertilizer is 190kg/hm2。
4. the method for planting emerald tea trees according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate, and the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate.
5. the method for planting emerald tea trees according to claim 1, wherein the sandy red soil has an organic carbon content of 3-4g/kg and a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 11-13.
6. The planting method of Jade green tea trees as claimed in claim 1, further comprising, between step 2 and step 3, laying modified sandy red soil with a thickness of 1-5mm on the soil surface, wherein the modified sandy red soil is obtained by mixing the sterile sandy red soil of step 1 with tea seed powder according to a mass ratio of 8-10:1, and the tea seed powder is obtained by drying and crushing tea seed meal.
7. The method for planting emerald tea tree according to claim 6, wherein the particle size of the tea seed powder is 60-80 meshes.
CN201910903619.6A 2019-09-24 2019-09-24 Planting method of jade green tea trees Pending CN110558133A (en)

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CN104094718A (en) * 2014-06-25 2014-10-15 覃柏鸿 Pollution-free fertilizing method for tea trees
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Application publication date: 20191213