CN110546181B - 拉挤成型件、其制造和用途 - Google Patents
拉挤成型件、其制造和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110546181B CN110546181B CN201880025627.9A CN201880025627A CN110546181B CN 110546181 B CN110546181 B CN 110546181B CN 201880025627 A CN201880025627 A CN 201880025627A CN 110546181 B CN110546181 B CN 110546181B
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- 229910052627 muscovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TXXWBTOATXBWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,n',n'-tetramethylhexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCCCCN(C)C TXXWBTOATXBWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYZDCUGWXKHESN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzyl-n-methyl-1-phenylmethanamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WYZDCUGWXKHESN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKODFQOELJFMII-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethyldiethylenetriamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)CCN(C)C UKODFQOELJFMII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940037312 stearamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IUTCEZPPWBHGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(2+) Chemical class [Sn+2] IUTCEZPPWBHGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene Substances CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(O)=O AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
- B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
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- C08G18/24—Catalysts containing metal compounds of tin
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Abstract
本发明涉及基于聚氨酯和碳纤维的拉挤成型件、其制造和用途。
Description
本发明涉及基于聚氨酯和碳纤维的拉挤成型件、其制造和用途。
拉挤成型(也称为拉挤成型法)是用于制造具有恒定截面的纤维增强型材的连续方法。拉挤成型设备通常由浸渍单元和经加热的模具以及使该方法保持运行的输出设备(Abzugsanlage)构成。在开放浴中或在封闭注射箱中进行纤维的浸渍。对于热固性的反应性树脂,例如聚氨酯,封闭注射箱是优选的。注射箱可作为单独单元安装在实际模具上游或集成到模具中(“直接注射”)。
然后在经加热的模具中进行复合材料的成型和固化。借助输出设备从模具中拉出成品型材并最终切割到所需长度。为了使拉挤成型工艺尽可能有效,在拉挤成型件的极好机械性质和高表面质量的情况下追求高工艺速度。
该工艺的一个重要步骤是用树脂浸渍增强材料,例如纤维粗纱、纤维垫、纤维铺设物和纤维织物。为此必须尽可能有效地用树脂浸渍增强纤维的各长丝。极好的浸渍是纤维有效粘合到基质上的先决条件,这最终确保复合材料的功能性。
对树脂的浸渗能力的要求自然随工艺速度而提高。在高输出速度下,纤维的浸渍必须在比低输出速度下更短的时间内发生。不同的纤维材料同样对树脂的浸渗能力提出不同的要求。例如,由玻璃纤维制成的增强材料由于更高的长丝直径就已比由碳纤维制成的相应增强材料明显更容易浸渍。
为了在拉挤成型法中有效制造碳纤维复合材料,浸渍树脂应该在紧随组分混合后的浸渍阶段的过程中具有尽可能低的粘度并随后在经加热的拉挤成型模具中快速固化。
已经多次描述了聚氨酯拉挤成型件。
例如WO 2011/067246 A1描述了一种拉挤成型树脂体系,其含有(a) 二-或多异氰酸酯、(b) 包含至少两个异氰酸酯反应性基团的化合物、(c) 催化剂、(d) 具有大于等于2的官能度的更高官能的酸和任选地(e) 其它助剂和添加剂。该更高官能的酸具有在标准压力下至少200℃的沸点并可溶于具有至少两个异氰酸酯反应性基团的化合物。也描述了制造拉挤成型件的方法和相应的拉挤成型件(第1页,第5-13行)。作为纤维材料,特别优选使用碳纤维和玻璃纤维(第10页,第18行)。在该发明的实施例中仅使用玻璃纤维并且用所述树脂实现最多2.5 m/min的拉挤成型速度。没有提到拉挤成型树脂体系的使其适用于使用碳纤维进行拉挤成型的特定性质。除了暗示拉挤成型树脂体系在组分(a)至(e)刚混合后具有在25℃下小于1500 mPas的粘度(权利要求9)(这适用于所有列举的纤维材料)外,该申请绝没有关于用于使用碳纤维进行拉挤成型的所用聚氨酯树脂的化学组成和合适粘度的信息。
US 2008/090966 A1描述了用于在拉挤成型法中制造纤维增强复合材料的反应体系,其含有连续纤维增强材料和不混溶聚氨酯制剂,所述聚氨酯制剂含有包含至少一种多异氰酸酯的多异氰酸酯组分和包含至少一种异氰酸酯反应性物质的异氰酸酯反应性组分。也描述了拉挤成型法以及用这种方法制成的纤维增强的聚氨酯复合材料。作为增强纤维,提到了适用于拉挤成型的所有纤维,包括玻璃纤维和碳纤维。没有提到该反应体系的使其适用于使用碳纤维进行拉挤成型的特定性质,例如在聚氨酯形成过程中的合适粘度分布。
US 2008/0087373 A1描述了用于制造纤维增强的复合材料的聚氨酯体系和拉挤成型法。该聚氨酯体系由至少一种异氰酸酯和含有至少一种聚合物多元醇的异氰酸酯反应性组分构成。作为合适的纤维增强材料,尤其提到玻璃纤维和碳纤维。在该申请中没有用于与碳纤维一起加工的反应体系的特定性质。相反,预计聚合物多元醇由于其高粘度而更可能不利于在拉挤成型法的浸渍阶段的过程中足够地充分浸渍碳纤维。
本发明的目的因此是提供具有用树脂对纤维的极好充分浸渍且同时可以简单和快速制造的包含碳纤维作为增强材料的拉挤成型件。
令人惊讶地,可以通过根据本发明的聚氨酯拉挤成型件和根据本发明的方法实现该目的。
在本申请的意义上,术语“多异氰酸酯”用于含有两个或更多个异氰酸酯基团(–N=C=O)的有机化合物。
在本申请的意义上,“单体MDI”是指由选自4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和2,2'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的一种或多种化合物构成的多异氰酸酯混合物。
在本申请的意义上,“低聚MDI”是指由具有至少3个芳核和至少3的官能度的MDI的更多核的同系物构成的多异氰酸酯混合物。
在本申请的意义上,“聚合MDI”用于表示由低聚MDI和单体MDI构成的混合物。
本发明的主题是由40-80体积%,优选50-75体积%的碳纤维和具有> 1.05 g/cm3的密度的聚氨酯树脂构成的聚氨酯拉挤成型件,其中所述聚氨酯可由
多异氰酸酯组分(A),
多元醇组分(B),其由下列组分构成
b1) 至少两种多元醇的混合物,
b2) 基于(B)的总重量计0-20重量%的一种或多种不同于b1)的其它异氰酸酯反应性化合物,
构成的反应混合物在
b3) 基于(B)的总重量计0-5重量%的一种或多种催化剂,
b4) 基于(B)的总重量计0-20重量%的其它助剂和/或添加剂,和
基于(B)的总重量计0.1-8重量%的至少一种内脱模剂(C),
的存在下反应获得,
其特征在于
多异氰酸酯组分(A)
1) 含有基于(A)的总重量计> 55重量%的单体二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI),其中
2) 基于(A)的总重量计2,2'-MDI和2,4'-MDI之和为< 40重量%,且
3) 不含预聚物,
多元醇组分(B)不含聚合物多元醇,
(B)中的组分总和的数均羟值为≥ 400 mg KOH/g且≤2000 mg KOH/g,
(B)中的标称OH官能度之和具有2.5至3.5的数均值,且
(A)中的NCO基团数与(B)和(C)中的OH基团数之和的比率乘以100(所谓的指数)具有90-120的值。
特别优选的是由50-75体积%的碳纤维和具有> 1.05 g/cm3的密度的聚氨酯树脂构成的聚氨酯拉挤成型件,其中所述聚氨酯可由
多异氰酸酯组分(A),
多元醇组分(B),其由下列组分构成
b1) 至少两种聚醚多元醇的混合物,
b2) 基于(B)的总重量计0-15重量%的脂族醇,
构成的反应混合物在
b3) 基于(B)的总重量计0-5重量%,特别优选0.1-2重量%,非常特别优选0.5-2重量%的一种或多种金属催化剂,
b4) 基于(B)的总重量计0-20重量%的其它助剂和/或添加剂,
基于(B)的总重量计0.1-6重量%,特别优选0.1-4重量%的至少一种内脱模剂(C),
的存在下反应获得,
其特征在于
多异氰酸酯组分(A)
1) 含有基于(A)的总重量计> 65重量%,特别优选> 80重量%的单体MDI,其中
2) 基于(A)的总重量计2,2'-MDI和2,4'-MDI之和为≤ 30重量%,且
3) 不含预聚物,
多元醇组分(B)不含聚合物多元醇,
(B)中的组分总和的数均羟值为≥ 420 mg KOH/g且≤700 mg KOH/g,特别优选≥450 mg KOH/g且≤ 650 mg KOH/g,且
(B)中的标称OH官能度之和具有2.6至2.8的数均值,且
(A)中的NCO基团数与(B)和(C)中的OH基团数之和的比率乘以100具有90-120的值。
多异氰酸酯组分(A)优选含有基于(A)的总重量计多于55重量%,优选多于65重量%,特别优选多于80重量%的单体二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)。
除了少于40重量%(优选≤ 30重量%)的2,4'-MDI和/或2,2'-MDI外,该多异氰酸酯组分优选还含有4,4'-MDI和低聚MDI。
多异氰酸酯组分(A)的NCO含量优选为大于25重量%,优选大于30重量%,特别优选大于31.5重量%。
根据DIN 53019-1测得的多异氰酸酯组分(A)的粘度优选为≤ 250 mPas(在25℃),优选≤ 50 mPas(在25℃),特别优选≤ 35 mPas(在25℃)。
多异氰酸酯组分(A)的官能度优选为2.1至2.9,优选2.1至2.5,特别优选2.1至2.3。
另外可以使用常规的脂族、脂环族、芳脂族二-和/或多异氰酸酯,特别是聚氨酯化学中已知的芳族异氰酸酯。此类合适的多异氰酸酯的实例是乙二异氰酸酯、1,4-丁二异氰酸酯、1,5-戊二异氰酸酯、1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、1,12-十二烷二异氰酸酯、环丁烷-1,3-二异氰酸酯、环己烷-1,3-和-1,4-二异氰酸酯和这些异构体的混合物、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、2,4-和2,6-六氢甲苯二异氰酸酯和这些异构体的混合物、2,2,4-和/或2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、双(4,4'-、2,4'-和2,2'-异氰酸根合环己基)甲烷或这些异构体的混合物、和通式R(NCO)z的芳族异氰酸酯,其中R是具有芳基(Aromaten)的多价有机基团且z是至少2的整数。其实例是1,3-二异氰酸根合邻二甲苯、1,3-二异氰酸根合对二甲苯、1,3-二异氰酸根合间二甲苯、2,4-二异氰酸根合-1-氯苯、2,4-二异氰酸根合-1-硝基苯、2,5-二异氰酸根合-1-硝基苯、间苯二异氰酸酯、对苯二异氰酸酯、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯、2,4-和2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯的混合物、1,5-萘二异氰酸酯、1-甲氧基-2,4-苯二异氰酸酯、4,4'-联苯二异氰酸酯、3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和3,3'-二甲基二苯基甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯;三异氰酸酯,如4,4',4''-三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯和2,4,6-甲苯三异氰酸酯,和四异氰酸酯,如4,4'-二甲基-2,2'-5,5'-二苯基甲烷四异氰酸酯以及1,3-和/或1,4-双(2-异氰酸根合丙-2-基)苯(TMXDI)、1,3-双(异氰酸根合甲基)苯(XDI)。
除上文提到的异氰酸酯外,也可以使用改性异氰酸酯,例如具有脲二酮、异氰脲酸酯、碳二亚胺、脲酮亚胺、脲基甲酸酯或缩二脲结构的那些。
根据本发明,可用作至少两种多元醇的混合物(b1)的是聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚醚酯多元醇和/或聚碳酸酯多元醇。在混合物(b1)中优选使用聚醚多元醇和/或聚酯多元醇,特别优选聚醚多元醇。
除OH官能外,用作b1)的多元醇还可含有其它异氰酸酯反应性氢原子(= 活性氢原子),例如NH基团和NH2基团。如果存在这样的其它活性氢原子,多元醇制剂中的所有异氰酸酯反应性氢原子的优选多于90%,特别是多于95%,特别优选多于99%,非常特别优选100%源自OH官能。
例如Ionescu在"Chemistry and Technology of Polyols for Polyurethanes",Rapra Technology Limited, Shawbury 2005, 第31页及其后(第3章: The GeneralCharacteristics of Oligo-Polyols、第55页及其后(第4章: Oligo-Polyols forElastic Polyurethanes)、第263页及其后(第8章: Polyester Polyols for ElasticPolyurethanes),特别是在第321页及其后(第13章: Polyether Polyols for RigidPolyurethane Foams)和第419页及其后(第16章: Polyester Polyols for RigidPolyurethane Foams)中描述了这样的多元醇。
优选用作混合物b1)的是两种或更多种可以本身已知的方式通过环氧烷如环氧丙烷和/或环氧乙烷在催化剂存在下加聚到多官能起始剂化合物上制成的聚醚多元醇。多羟基聚醚优选由具有平均2至8个活性氢原子的起始剂化合物和一种或多种环氧烷,例如环氧乙烷、环氧丁烷和/或环氧丙烷制成。优选的起始剂化合物是每分子具有2至8个羟基的分子,如水、乙二醇、丙二醇、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、三乙二醇、三丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、双酚A、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、山梨糖醇和蔗糖和胺类起始剂化合物,例如乙二胺和三乙醇胺。这些可独自或混合使用。特别优选的是1,2-和1,3-丙二醇、二乙二醇、山梨糖醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、蔗糖和所提到的产品的混合物。所提到的组分b1)的代表描述在例如Kunststoff-Handbuch, 第VII卷"Polyurethanes", 第3版, Carl Hanser Verlag, München / Wien, 1993, 第57-67页和第88-90页中。
所述聚酯多元醇是包含酯基团的多羟基化合物,例如蓖麻油或多羟基聚酯,其如可通过过量的上文举例提到的类型的简单多元醇与优选二元羧酸或其酐,例如己二酸、邻苯二甲酸或邻苯二甲酸酐的缩聚获得。
所述聚氨酯体系可含有基于(B)的总重量计0-20重量%,优选0-15重量%的不同于混合物b1)的其它异氰酸酯反应性组分b2)。它们本身已知为聚氨酯的组分。实例是多元醇和(氧化)烯二醇,例如乙二醇及其低聚物、丙二醇及其低聚物、1,6-己二醇、甘油或三羟甲基丙烷和其它OH官能化合物,例如山梨糖醇或双(2-羟基亚乙基氧基)苯。
可用作催化剂组分(b3)的是例如已知的聚氨酯催化剂,例如有机金属化合物,如有机羧酸的钾或钠盐,例如乙酸钾;还有有机羧酸的锡(II)盐,例如乙酸锡(II)、辛酸锡(II)、乙基己酸锡(II)和月桂酸锡(II),和有机羧酸的二烷基锡(IV)盐,例如二乙酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二甲基锡、马来酸二丁基锡和二乙酸二辛基锡,以及例如2,2'-[(二辛基亚甲锡烷基)双(硫基)]二乙酸二异辛基酯、二-正丁基-双(十二烷基硫基)锡、4,4`-二丁基-10-乙基-7-氧代-8-氧杂-3,5-二硫杂-4-锡十四烷酸2-乙基己酯、二硫代乙醇酸二甲基锡和/或强碱性胺,如2,2,2-二氮杂双环辛烷、N,N-二甲基氨基丙基胺、N,N-双(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-N-异丙醇胺、三乙基胺、三亚乙基二胺、四甲基六亚甲基二胺、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、N,N-二甲基环己基胺或双(N,N-二甲基氨基乙基)醚、N,N-二甲基苄基胺、N,N-甲基二苄基胺和N-甲基咪唑和潜伏催化剂。潜伏催化剂和它们的作用机理描述在例如EP 2531538 A1第1 – 4页和第9页第26行至第10页第2行中。典型的潜伏催化剂是封闭型胺和脒催化剂,例如制造商Air Products的催化剂(例如Polycat® SA-1/10、Dabco KTM 60)和制造商Tosoh Corporation的催化剂(例如Toyocat® DB 2、DB 30、DB 31、DB 40、DB 41、DB 42、DB 60、DB 70)。催化剂的进一步代表和关于催化剂的作用模式的细节描述在Kunststoff-Handbuch, 第VII卷"Polyurethanes", 第3版, Carl Hanser Verlag, München / Wien, 1993, 第104 - 110页中。
可用作助剂和添加剂b4)的是已知用于制造聚氨酯的所有助剂和添加剂。这样的物质是已知的并描述在例如"Kunststoffhandbuch, 第7卷, Polyurethane", CarlHanser Verlag, 第3版1993, 第3.4.4和3.4.6至3.4.11章中。例如可以提到表面活性物质、消泡剂、乳化剂、降粘剂、染料、颜料、阻燃剂、水粘合剂例如原甲酸三(氯乙基)酯、碱土金属氧化物、沸石、铝氧化物和硅酸盐,和增粘剂以及填料,如碳酸钙、硫酸钡、二氧化钛、例如由玻璃或碳或天然矿物,例如滑石、硅灰石或白云母制成的短纤维。
可用作内脱模剂(C)的是在聚氨酯制造中常规的所有脱模剂,例如长链单羧酸,特别是脂肪酸如硬脂酸、长链羧酸的胺如硬脂酰胺、脂肪酸酯、长链脂肪酸的金属盐如硬脂酸锌或硅酮。特别合适的是可获得的专门用于拉挤成型的内脱模剂,例如可获自AxelPlastics的MOLD WIZ INT-1948 MCH、MOLD WIZ INT-1947 MCH、MOLD WIZ INT-1960 MCH或可获自Lehmann&Voss的Luvotrent TL HB 550-D、Luvotrent TL HB 550。所述内脱模剂以基于(B)的总重量计0.1-8重量%,优选0.1-6重量%,特别优选0.1-4重量%的量使用。
本发明的主题还是制造根据本发明的聚氨酯拉挤成型件的方法,其包括步骤:
i) 混合组分(A)、(B)和(C)以获得聚氨酯反应性混合物
ii) 将所述聚氨酯反应性混合物传送到注射箱
iii) 与方法步骤ii)同时,将碳纤维引过注射箱,以用所述聚氨酯反应性混合物浸渍碳纤维
iv) 将用所述聚氨酯反应性混合物浸渍的碳纤维引入经加热的固化模具
v) 在固化模具中使得用所述聚氨酯反应性混合物浸渍的碳纤维固化以形成聚氨酯拉挤成型件
vi) 借助拉拔机械装置(Zugmechanism)从固化模具中拉出固化的聚氨酯拉挤成型件
vii) 将固化的聚氨酯拉挤成型件切割到所需长度。
组分(A)、(B)和(C)的混合可在此以用于制造聚氨酯反应性混合物的常规方式,例如在高压或低压法中进行。优选预混组分(B)和(C)并将所得混合物与组分(A)混合。
在方法步骤iii)中的碳纤维浸渍过程中的温度优选为0-75℃,特别优选10-50℃,非常特别优选15-35℃。固化步骤v)优选在140-220℃的模具温度下进行,其中该模具优选具有多个,例如3或4个不同温度的区域。
所述碳纤维作为连续纤维存在。在此,连续纤维应被理解为是指具有至少几米的长度的纤维材料。它们从例如卷或线轴退卷。在此,可用作纤维材料的是单纤维、所谓的纤维粗纱、编织纤维、纤维垫、纤维铺设物和纤维织物。特别在纤维复合物如编织纤维、加捻纤维或纤维织物的情况下,包含在这些纤维复合物中的单纤维中也可含有较短的单纤维。但是,该纤维复合物本身必须作为连续材料存在。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,碳纤维以纤维粗纱的形式使用。
在另一个实施方案中,一定含量的碳纤维,优选在聚氨酯拉挤成型件的边缘区域中的碳纤维可被玻璃纤维替代。
在本发明的另一个优选的实施方案中,在方法步骤iii)中除了碳纤维外还将剥离织物(所谓的脱模布)如此引过注射箱,以使它们优选形成成品聚氨酯拉挤成型件的至少两个外侧面。在根据本发明的聚氨酯拉挤成型件的进一步加工中,可除去该剥离层,以在外侧面上形成至少两个粗糙表面,由此例如使聚氨酯拉挤成型件的胶粘变容易。
根据本发明的聚氨酯拉挤成型件可以例如用作车辆构造和飞机构造中和风力发电站中的轻质增强型材和结构元件。这种轻质增强型材可以例如用于制造风力发电站的转子叶片中的所谓“梁帽(Spar Caps)”。
在下列实施例中应更详细阐释本发明。
实施例:
在混合组分(A)、(B)和(C)后使用流变仪测定根据本发明的聚氨酯反应性混合物的粘度分布,并与非本发明的聚氨酯反应性混合物进行比较。
流变仪: Anton Paar公司的MCR 502
粘度测量根据DIN 53019-1:2008-09 ( H << R )、(d/dt = 100 1/s): d/dt =剪切速率、板-板测量系统PP 25,旋转测量
为了记录粘度分布,在每种情况下向表1中所列的多元醇混合物加入所示量的内脱模剂,强烈彼此搅拌,并调温到23℃。随后,加入调温到23℃且与表1中所示的指数对应的量的异氰酸酯,并将该混合物搅拌20秒。然后将300微升混合物立即置于流变仪的板上,并开始测量。在测量开始前将流变仪的板调温到23℃。在测量开始时将板温度以33 K/min的速率加热到139℃,并测定在不同时间间隔后的粘度以及粘度最小值。在此,在多元醇/脱模剂混合物与异氰酸酯混合结束后15秒记录第一测量点。
在聚氨酯拉挤成型件的制造过程中还评估聚氨酯反应性混合物的纤维浸渍和固化。
使用具有内部尺寸为60 x 5 mm的可加热模具和安装在模具上游的注射箱的拉挤成型设备。相应地,制造具有60 mm的宽度和5 mm的壁厚度的矩形型材。使用碳纤维粗纱(Mitsubishi Rayon Co. Ltd.公司的Pyrofil® TRW 40 50L KNA)作为增强材料,并拉过注射箱和模具。成品型材中的碳纤维浓度为大约65体积%。在每种情况下向表1中所列的多元醇混合物加入所示量的内脱模剂,并强烈搅拌。这些混合物在每种情况下使用具有静态混合器的低压混合机在23℃下与如此多的异氰酸酯混合,以使得存在表1中所示的各自的NCO指数,并将所得聚氨酯反应性混合物连续注入注射箱。借助拉挤成型设备的输出机械装置,以1.50 m/min的速度将润湿的碳纤维连续拉过经加热的模具并固化。将模具的调温分成3个区域,其中区域1中的温度为170℃(在输出方向上的模具入口)、区域2中190℃(模具中心)和区域3中200℃(模具出口)。随后将成品型材连续切割到所需长度。
使用下列原材料:
·多元醇1: 甘油起始的三醇,丙氧基化,OHZ(羟值) = 235 mg KOH/g
·多元醇2: 甘油起始的三醇,丙氧基化,OHZ = 1050 mg KOH/g
·多元醇3: 甘油起始的三醇,丙氧基化,OHZ = 400 mg KOH/g
·多元醇4: 丙二醇起始的二醇,丙氧基化,OHZ = 28 mg KOH/g
·多元醇5: 丙二醇起始的二醇,丙氧基化,OHZ = 515 mg KOH/g
·多元醇6: 丙二醇起始的二醇,丙氧基化和乙氧基化,OHZ = 57 mg KOH/g
·多元醇7: 甘油起始的三醇,丙氧基化,OHZ = 800 mg KOH/g
·甘油
·催化剂1: 2,2'-[(二辛基亚甲锡烷基)双(硫基)]二乙酸二异辛基酯
·催化剂2: Tosoh Corporation公司的TOYOCAT-DB30
·水粘合剂1: UOP公司的MOLSIV® L - 粉末
·水粘合剂2: UOP公司的MOLSIV® L – 糊料(MOLSIV® L粉末在蓖麻油中的50%分散体)
·更高官能的酸: 基于邻苯二甲酸与二乙二醇的酯的酸,酸值 = 127 mg KOH/g
·内脱模剂1: 用于拉挤成型的来自Lehmann&Voss的Luvotrent® TL HB 550
·内脱模剂2: MOLD WIZ INT-1947 MCH
·MDI 1: 具有32.0重量%的NCO含量、69重量%的单体MDI含量的聚合MDI;2,4'-MDI和2,2'-MDI的含量合计为8重量%
·MDI 2: 具有31.5重量%的NCO含量、47.5重量%的单体MDI含量的聚合MDI;2,4'-MDI和2,2'-MDI的含量合计为5.4重量%
·MDI 3: 具有33.6重量%的NCO含量的单体MDI;2,4'-MDI和2,2'-MDI的含量合计为55.1重量%
·MDI 4: 80 GT(重量份)的具有在25℃下200 mPas的粘度和39重量%的单体MDI含量的聚合MDI和20 GT的基于2,4'-MDI和4,4'-MDI的单体MDI的混合物。单体MDI的混合物的含量为51.2重量%。
实施例中所用的产生具有>1.05g/cm³的密度的聚氨酯的聚氨酯反应性混合物概括在表1中(用量数据以重量份计),相应的结果概括在表2中。
表1
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 (对比) | 实施例4 (对比) | 实施例5 (对比) | 实施例6 | 实施例7 (对比) | |
多元醇1 | 28.47 | - | 28.47 | 28.47 | 28.33 | - | - |
多元醇2 | 26.00 | - | 26.00 | 26.00 | 20.00 | - | - |
甘油 | - | 11.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
多元醇3 | 23.81 | 62.20 | 23.81 | 23.81 | - | 50.00 | 50.00 |
多元醇4 | 9.79 | - | 9.79 | 9.79 | 10.00 | - | - |
多元醇5 | 9.26 | 10.00 | 9.26 | 9.26 | 39.00 | - | - |
多元醇6 | - | 12.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
多元醇7 | - | - | - | - | - | 45.00 | 45.00 |
催化剂1 | 0.67 | 0.80 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.67 | - | - |
催化剂2 | - | - | - | - | - | 1.25 | 1.25 |
水粘合剂1 | 2.00 | - | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | - | - |
水粘合剂2 | - | 4.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
更高官能的酸 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.00 | 2.00 |
B的平均OH值 | 486 | 512 | 486 | 486 | 480 | 570 | 570 |
B的标称官能度 | 2.73 | 2.64 | 2.73 | 2.73 | 2.43 | 2.9 | 2.9 |
IMR 1 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | - | - |
IMR 2 | - | - | - | - | - | 5.00 | 5.00 |
异氰酸酯 | MDI 1 | MDI 1 | MDI 2 | MDI 3 | MDI 1 | MDI 1 | MDI 4 |
单体MDI之和 | 69 | 69 | 47.5 | 100 | 69 | 69 | 51.2 |
2,2'-MDI和2,4'-MDI之和 | 8 | 8 | 5.4 | 55.1 | 8 | 8 | 14.4 |
表2
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3(对比) | 实施例4(对比) | 实施例5(对比) | 实施例6 | 实施例7(对比) | |
粘度[mPas]在t = 15秒下(温度= 23℃) | 272 | 246 | 571 | 88 | 191 | 285 | 637 |
粘度[mPas]在t = 59秒下(T = 51℃) | 122 | 99 | 196 | 36 | 75 | 215 | 218 |
粘度[mPas]在t = 91秒下(T = 69℃) | 44 | 43 | 91 | 19 | 35 | 40 | 76 |
粘度最小值[mPas] | 29 | 31 | 45 | 13 | 24 | 30 | 39 |
粘度[mPas]在t = 209秒下(T = 131℃) | 1285 | 1461 | 1147 | 69 | 400 | 551 | 513 |
粘度[mPas]在t = 227秒下(T = 139℃) | 9336 | 9588 | 8966 | 140 | 1602 | 3956 | 3631 |
纤维浸渍 | 好 | 好 | 差;许多未润湿纤维 | 好 | 好 | 好 | 差;许多未润湿纤维 |
固化 | 好 | 好 | 好 | 差;具有大量磨损的型材粘性表面;尺寸不稳定 | 差;型材非常软 | 好 | 好 |
实施例1和2在反应开始时表现出低粘度,这导致碳纤维的良好浸渍。在227秒后的高粘度反映在拉挤成型实验中观察到的好的固化。在实施例3中,初始粘度明显更高且碳纤维的浸渍相应地差。实施例4中所用的混合物虽然导致好的纤维浸渍,但在所用拉拔速度下固化远远不足。在实施例5中,组分B的低官能度导致差的固化行为;在预定速度下,聚氨酯拉挤成型件在模具末端太软。实施例6和7显示,当与更高官能的酸一起使用多元醇体系时,只有根据本发明的异氰酸酯在使用碳纤维的拉挤成型中产生好的纤维浸渍和好的固化的所需组合。
Claims (4)
1.由40-80体积%的碳纤维和具有> 1.05 g/cm³的密度的聚氨酯树脂构成的聚氨酯拉挤成型件,其中所述聚氨酯由
多异氰酸酯组分(A),
多元醇组分(B),其由下列组分构成
b1) 至少两种多元醇的混合物,
b2) 基于(B)的总重量计0-20重量%的一种或多种不同于b1)的其它异氰酸酯反应性化合物,
构成的反应混合物在
b3) 基于(B)的总重量计0-5重量%的一种或多种催化剂,
b4) 基于(B)的总重量计0-20重量%的其它助剂和/或添加剂,
基于(B)的总重量计0.1-8重量%的至少一种内脱模剂(C),
的存在下反应获得,
其特征在于
多异氰酸酯组分(A)
1) 含有基于(A)的总重量计> 55重量%的单体二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI),其中
2) 基于(A)的总重量计2,2'-MDI和2,4'-MDI之和为< 40重量%,且
3) 不含预聚物,
多元醇组分(B)不含聚合物多元醇,
(B)中的组分总和的数均羟值为≥ 400 mg KOH/g且≤2000 mg KOH/g,且
(B)中的标称OH官能度之和具有2.5至3.5的数均值,且
(A)中的NCO基团数与(B)和(C)中的OH基团数之和的比率乘以100具有90-120的值。
2.由50-75体积%的碳纤维和具有> 1.05 g/cm3的密度的聚氨酯树脂构成的聚氨酯拉挤成型件,其中所述聚氨酯由
多异氰酸酯组分(A),
多元醇组分(B),其由下列组分构成
b1) 至少两种聚醚多元醇的混合物,
b2) 基于(B)的总重量计0-15重量%的脂族醇,
构成的反应混合物在
b3) 基于(B)的总重量计0-5重量%的一种或多种金属催化剂,
b4) 基于(B)的总重量计0-20重量%的其它助剂和/或添加剂,
基于(B)的总重量计0.1-6重量%的至少一种内脱模剂(C),
的存在下反应获得,
其特征在于
多异氰酸酯组分(A)
1) 含有基于(A)的总重量计> 65重量%的单体MDI,其中
2) 基于(A)的总重量计2,2'-MDI和2,4'-MDI之和为≤ 30重量%,且
3) 不含预聚物,
多元醇组分(B)不含聚合物多元醇,
(B)中的组分总和的数均羟值为≥ 420 mg KOH/g且≤700 mg KOH/g,且
(B)中的标称OH官能度之和具有2.6至2.8的数均值,且
(A)中的NCO基团数与(B)和(C)中的OH基团数之和的比率乘以100具有90-120的值。
3.制造如权利要求1或2中所述的聚氨酯拉挤成型件的方法,其包括步骤:
i) 混合组分(A)、(B)和(C)以获得聚氨酯反应性混合物,
ii) 将所述聚氨酯反应性混合物传送到注射箱,
iii) 与方法步骤ii)同时,将碳纤维引过注射箱,以用所述聚氨酯反应性混合物浸渍碳纤维,
iv) 将用所述聚氨酯反应性混合物浸渍的碳纤维引入经加热的固化模具,
v) 在固化模具中使得用所述聚氨酯反应性混合物浸渍的碳纤维固化以形成聚氨酯拉挤成型件,
vi) 借助拉拔机械装置从固化模具中拉出固化的聚氨酯拉挤成型件,
vii) 将固化的聚氨酯拉挤成型件切割到所需长度。
4.如权利要求1或2中所述的聚氨酯拉挤成型件作为车辆构造和飞机构造中和风力发电站中的轻质增强型材和结构元件的用途。
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