CN110529546A - 用于控制司机室或机动车的水平位置的空气弹簧 - Google Patents

用于控制司机室或机动车的水平位置的空气弹簧 Download PDF

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CN110529546A
CN110529546A CN201910439157.7A CN201910439157A CN110529546A CN 110529546 A CN110529546 A CN 110529546A CN 201910439157 A CN201910439157 A CN 201910439157A CN 110529546 A CN110529546 A CN 110529546A
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valve
air spring
spring
control
pin member
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CN110529546B (zh
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M·韦伯
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Prestige Bark Commerial Vehicle Pneumatic Spring Co Ltd
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Prestige Bark Commerial Vehicle Pneumatic Spring Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/02Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means
    • B60G17/04Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means fluid spring characteristics
    • B60G17/052Pneumatic spring characteristics
    • B60G17/0521Pneumatic spring characteristics the spring having a flexible wall
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/02Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
    • F16F9/04Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall
    • F16F9/05Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall the flexible wall being of the rolling diaphragm type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G11/00Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
    • B60G11/32Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds
    • B60G11/48Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds not including leaf springs
    • B60G11/56Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds not including leaf springs having helical, spiral or coil springs, and also fluid springs
    • B60G11/58Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds not including leaf springs having helical, spiral or coil springs, and also fluid springs arranged coaxially
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G15/00Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type
    • B60G15/02Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring
    • B60G15/06Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper
    • B60G15/062Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper the spring being arranged around the damper
    • B60G15/065Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper the spring being arranged around the damper characterised by the use of a combination of springs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60G15/00Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type
    • B60G15/02Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring
    • B60G15/06Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper
    • B60G15/062Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper the spring being arranged around the damper
    • B60G15/066Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper the spring being arranged around the damper the spring being different from a coil spring
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G15/00Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type
    • B60G15/08Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having fluid spring
    • B60G15/12Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having fluid spring and fluid damper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60G17/00Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
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    • B60G17/052Pneumatic spring characteristics
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    • B60G17/0528Pressure regulating or air filling valves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B60G99/008Other suspension arrangements with fluid springs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D33/00Superstructures for load-carrying vehicles
    • B62D33/06Drivers' cabs
    • B62D33/0604Cabs insulated against vibrations or noise, e.g. with elastic suspension
    • B62D33/0608Cabs insulated against vibrations or noise, e.g. with elastic suspension pneumatic or hydraulic suspension
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
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    • B62D33/06Drivers' cabs
    • B62D33/063Drivers' cabs movable from one position into at least one other position, e.g. tiltable, pivotable about a vertical axis, displaceable from one side of the vehicle to the other
    • B62D33/0636Drivers' cabs movable from one position into at least one other position, e.g. tiltable, pivotable about a vertical axis, displaceable from one side of the vehicle to the other displaceable along a linear path
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
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    • B62D33/00Superstructures for load-carrying vehicles
    • B62D33/08Superstructures for load-carrying vehicles comprising adjustable means
    • B62D33/10Superstructures for load-carrying vehicles comprising adjustable means comprising means for the suspension of the superstructure on the frame
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/002Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising at least one fluid spring
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/08Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/10Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like
    • F16F13/101Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like characterised by buffering features or stoppers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/20Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper characterised by comprising also a pneumatic spring
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/02Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
    • F16F9/04Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall
    • F16F9/0472Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall characterised by comprising a damping device
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/43Filling or drainage arrangements, e.g. for supply of gas
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/02Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means
    • B60G17/04Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means fluid spring characteristics
    • B60G17/048Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means fluid spring characteristics with the regulating means inside the fluid springs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60G17/06Characteristics of dampers, e.g. mechanical dampers
    • B60G17/08Characteristics of fluid dampers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60G2202/00Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10Type of spring
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    • B60G2202/152Pneumatic spring
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    • B60G2202/314The spring being a pneumatic spring
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    • B60G2206/00Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于控制司机室或机动车的水平位置的空气弹簧(10),具有封闭件(12)、滚动活塞(14)和在形成填充有流体的压力腔(20)情况下联接至滚动活塞(14)和封闭件(12)的空气弹簧囊(16),用于供应和/或排出流体的水平控制系统(32)被集成入压力腔(20)以便根据空气弹簧行程控制司机室或机动车的水平位置,该水平控制系统具有至少一个将流体供入压力腔(20)和/或排出流体的控制阀(34)和与控制阀(34)有效连接的操作机构(36),该操作机构具有与滚动活塞(14)或封闭件(12)相连且活动安置在压力腔(20)内的引导管(38)、呈销件(56)形式且操作控制阀(34)的操作件(40)及压缩弹簧机构(42),该压缩弹簧机构具有与滚动活塞(14)或封闭件(12)相连的中心弹簧(52)和与销件(56)相连的预紧弹簧(54),引导管(38)具有控制凸缘(46),销件(56)与控制凸缘相连且预紧弹簧(54)支承在控制凸缘上以将销件压到控制阀上。

Description

用于控制司机室或机动车的水平位置的空气弹簧
技术领域
本发明涉及用于控制司机室或机动车的水平位置的空气弹簧,具有封闭件、滚动活塞和空气弹簧囊,该空气弹簧囊在形成填充有流体的压力腔的情况下与所述滚动活塞和封闭件联接。
背景技术
前述类型的空气弹簧被用于减振两个可相对运动的机动车部件并由此提高机动车或司机室的悬挂舒适性。在弹性压缩和伸张时,空气弹簧囊在滚动活塞的外表面上滚动以便因此减振传导入的振动。
还知道了阻尼功能也被集成入空气弹簧中。这样的空气弹簧也被称为空气弹簧阻尼器。为此,液压阻尼器或油压阻尼器被集成到空气弹簧中和/或位于压力腔内的流体在压力腔和另一个腔之间经由阻尼通道来回流动。
此外,空气弹簧也被用于恒定保持或可调节地改变在不同的负荷或重量载荷下机动车或司机室的期望水平位置。为此,该压力腔内的压力通过供应流体或排出流体而依据空气弹簧行程而变。为此,压力腔通过控制阀连通至流体源,其中该控制阀在弹性压缩和伸张期间或者说根据负荷状态或重量载荷将流体供给压力腔或排出流体。
DE102011108249A1公开了一种空气弹簧,其具有集成到空气弹簧中的用于控制机动车或司机室的水平位置的机械作动式控制阀。控制阀安装在盖上并包括用于调节压缩空气供应或压缩空气排出的调节阀。调节阀操作通过安装在可转动的凸轮轴上的凸轮进行。在此,该凸轮轴的转动运动通过一个拖动杆进行,拖动杆以其自由端贴靠在该空气弹簧的滚动活塞的安放面上。通过拖动杆的转动运动使凸轮轴转动,由此,根据空气弹簧的弹性压缩或伸张,其中一个所述凸轮操作被弹簧力顶住的调节阀的顶杆。
DE10201111475A1公开了一种空气弹簧装置,其具有用于控制机动车或司机室的水平位置的整体式阀控制机构。整体式阀控制机构包括进气阀和排气阀。为了所述阀的启闭,设有呈两件式压缩弹簧机构。压缩弹簧机构具有朝向滚动活塞或盖的中心弹簧和朝向进入阀的控制阀预紧弹簧。中心弹簧和控制阀预紧弹簧安置在引导管内,引导管可沿轴向自由运动地安置在滚动活塞与盖之间。在这两个弹簧之间设有径向凸出的止挡,该止挡用作用于操作进入阀的阀顶杆的控制件。压缩弹簧机构被保持就位在夹紧部件之间,其中一个所述夹紧部件操作排出阀。当弹性压缩时,引导管向下滑动,同时该控制阀预紧弹簧被压缩,直到该止挡在跨过空程之后接触进入阀并操作它。当弹性伸张时,引导管向上运动,其中该控制阀预紧弹簧向外弹动,使得配属于排出阀的夹紧部件离开排出阀并且排出阀打开。
发明内容
本发明基于以下任务,提供一种空气弹簧,其具有改善的水平调整、更好的舒适性以及更长的使用寿命且同时成本低廉。
为了完成该任务,提出一种具有权利要求1的特征的空气弹簧。
空气弹簧的有利实施方式是从属权利要求的主题。
用于控制机动车或司机室的水平位置的空气弹簧具有封闭件、滚动活塞和空气弹簧囊,该空气弹簧囊在形成填充有流体的压力腔的情况下联接至所述滚动活塞和封闭件,其中,用于供应和/或排出流体的水平控制系统被集成到该压力腔中,以便根据空气弹簧行程来控制该司机室或机动车的水平位置,其中该水平控制系统具有至少一个用于将流体供入压力腔和/或排出流体的控制阀和与该控制阀有效连接的操作机构,其中该操作机构具有与所述滚动活塞或封闭件相连且活动安置在该压力腔内的引导管、呈销件形式且操作该控制阀的操作件和压缩弹簧机构,其中该压缩弹簧机构具有与该滚动活塞或封闭件相连的中心弹簧和与该销件相连的预紧弹簧,其中该引导管具有控制凸缘,该销件与控制凸缘相连且该预紧弹簧支承在控制凸缘上以将该销件压到该控制阀上。
通过这种操作机构的结构设计,该预紧弹簧可以完全支承在该控制凸缘上,使得预紧弹簧的整个弹簧力压迫该操作件和进而压迫该控制阀。由此,该预紧弹簧和中心弹簧的弹簧力或者说预紧力可被减小。因此,该空气弹簧的压缩弹簧机构总体具有小的预紧力,由此改善空气弹簧的舒适性和声学行为。由于压缩弹簧机构的预紧力减小,该封闭件可以设计得更薄,这导致材料节约。此外,对于所述封闭件和/或滚动活塞可以采用刚性较低或强度较低的材料比如PA6,这导致成本节约。此外,该操作机构具有少量零部件,因此空气弹簧的安装成本降低。此外,该滚动活塞的直径可被缩小,从而可以在较大的范围内表现出空气弹簧的刚性。最后,因为操作机构的结构设计,有更多结构空间供阻尼器盖所用,从而其直径可以被增大,这导致了阻尼器有更长的使用寿命。此外,该压缩弹簧机构且尤其是中心弹簧具有小的弹簧变形量。此外,因为所述水平调整系统的结构设计,可以省掉在现有技术中所需要的辅助弹簧,因此在集成并入液压阻尼器时避免由辅助弹簧造成的在液压阻尼器上的表面涂层磨损。
作为流体,优选采用空气、尤其是压缩空气。此外,作为流体,可以采用气体或可压缩介质。
在一个有利的实施方式中,至少一个阻尼装置可以被集成到空气弹簧中。该阻尼装置可以作为工作介质地采用位于该压力腔内的流体。为此,该空气弹簧除了压力腔外还可以具有另一个腔,它们通过阻尼通道相互连通。通过改变阻尼通道横截面,可以调节阻尼特性。此外,作为阻尼装置,可以将单独的液压阻尼器集成到该空气弹簧中。配设有阻尼装置的空气弹簧也可以被称为空气弹簧阻尼器。
在一个有利的实施方式中,该销件和控制凸缘可彼此相对活动。为此,该销件能活动安装在该控制凸缘的通孔内。该控制凸缘沿径向有利地遮盖控制阀。尤其有利的是,该控制凸缘沿径向完全地遮盖预紧弹簧。由此,该中心弹簧和预紧弹簧的预紧力可被减小。由此,该预紧弹簧可以完全支承在该控制凸缘上。另外,该引导管有利地在弹性压缩和伸张方向上可在该压力腔内运动。
在一个有利实施方式中,该预紧弹簧完全支承在该控制凸缘的朝向控制阀的一侧。由此,该预紧弹簧的全部力被施压至排出阀。
在一个有利实施方式中,所述中心弹簧和预紧弹簧被设计成压缩弹簧。因此,该中心弹簧可以比预紧弹簧更强烈地被预紧。此外,该中心弹簧可以具有比预紧弹簧更大的弹簧力。通过中心弹簧的弹簧变形量,可以调节在弹性压缩方向上的空气弹簧行程。
在一个有利实施方式中,该控制凸缘以材料接合且材料统一的方式联接至该引导管。
在一个有利实施方式中,所述滚动活塞、封闭件、引导管、控制凸缘和/或销件由塑料、尤其是纤维加强塑料构成。
在一个有利实施方式中,该预紧弹簧被如此预紧,即,当弹性伸张时,该预紧弹簧经过第一空程将该销件压到控制阀上。由此,该控制阀在小的弹性伸张运动时还未被作动。
在一个有利实施方式中,所述销件和控制凸缘可彼此相对运动,因此在空气弹簧弹性伸张时,该控制凸缘相对于销件运动经过第一空程并且在跨过第一空程之后,该控制凸缘抵住销件并离开控制阀。因为该控制凸缘和销件可彼此相对运动,故该销件在空气弹簧弹性伸张时因预紧弹簧预紧而一直被压迫到控制阀上,直到跨过了第一空程。只有在跨过第一空程后,该销件才离开控制阀。第一空程对应于预紧弹簧的预紧力。该销件最好延伸穿过开设于控制凸缘内的通孔。
在一个有利实施方式中,该销件在第一端具有加宽结构。加宽结构在控制凸缘已经克服第一空程时造成在弹性伸张时抵住销件。该销件最好在通孔被引导移动,其中,该加宽结构的直径大于通孔直径。
在一个有利实施方式中,加宽结构作为锁止凸起构成。在控制凸缘已克服第一空程之后,在空气弹簧弹性伸张期间通过锁止凸起抵住该销件。该锁止凸起优选设置在该销件的自由端。此外,该锁止凸起可以由可弹性摆动的销构成,它们通过缺口相互分开并且在其自由端配设有加粗结构。在跨过第一空程时,通过所述加粗结构实现由控制凸缘抵住该销件。此外,还通过锁止凸起进行销件固定在控制凸缘上。为此,带有锁止凸起的销件被装入该通孔中,从而锁止凸起摆动。当锁止凸起移出通孔时,它们又摆动到其初始状态并因此防止从通孔抽出销件。
在一个有利实施方式中,该销件在第二端具有环绕的台肩,该预紧弹簧支承在台肩上以将销件压到控制阀上。因此该预紧弹簧通过环绕的台肩施力至该销件以将销件压到控制阀上。因此,该预紧弹簧在一侧支承在控制凸缘上,在另一侧支承在台肩上,并且因其预紧力而将销件压到控制阀上。在一个有利实施方式中,台肩的直径大于通孔直径。
在一个有利实施方式中,该控制阀具有排出阀和进入阀,其中该销件与排出阀有效连接,该控制凸缘与进入阀有效连接。通过进入阀,流体可被供给该压力腔,通过该排出阀,流体可以从该压力腔被排出。这两个阀优选设计成弹簧阀。因为操作机构的结构设计,所述进入阀和排出阀相比于从现有技术中知道的阀可以设计得较短。由此获得成本优势。此外,进入阀的低矮结构减小了在进入阀中由集成弹簧造成的磨损,进而延长其使用寿命。该预紧弹簧的预紧力或弹簧力最好大于排出阀弹簧的弹簧力。
在一个有利实施方式中,如此设计该操作机构,在弹性伸张期间,进入阀关闭而排出阀打开,而在弹性压缩期间,进入阀打开而排出阀关闭。尤其是如此设计该操作机构,在弹性伸张期间,该进入阀关闭而排出阀在跨过第一空程后被打开,而在弹性压缩期间,该进入阀在跨过第二空程后打开且排出阀关闭。通过中心弹簧的和预紧弹簧的弹簧力的相互协调,可以简单实现在空气弹簧弹性压缩和伸张时的开关顺序。尤其是可以通过两个弹簧的弹簧力或预紧力调节出预定的开关状态。
在一个有利实施方式中,在弹性压缩期间,在跨过第二空程后,该控制凸缘压迫进入阀以打开进入阀。由此,进入阀没有直接在空气弹簧的弹性压缩时被作动,而是只在克服第二空程后被作动。
在一个有利实施方式中,该操作机构具有另一个弹簧,所述另一个弹簧设置在所述控制凸缘和进入阀之间并且压迫控制凸缘离开排出阀。所述另一个弹簧最好在跨过第一空程之后压迫销件离开排出阀。因此,该弹簧造成所述销件在弹性伸张时移动离开排出阀以便打开排出阀。
在一个有利实施方式中,该中心弹簧围绕该引导管布置。尤其是该中心弹簧直接贴靠引导管。该中心弹簧由此在弹性压缩和伸张期间被引导。
在一个有利实施方式中,该滚动活塞通过凸缘件联接至该引导管,其中,该凸缘件支承在该中心弹簧上且可移动地安置在引导管上。该滚动活塞因此在弹性压缩期间通过该凸缘件压迫中心弹簧,从而中心弹簧在弹性压缩时被压缩。在一个有利实施方式中,该引导管在端侧具有突起部,突起部防止凸缘件滑脱引导管。凸缘件最好设计成环形板,其中该滚动活塞径向靠外地支承在该凸缘件上。环形板可以径向靠内地具有套筒部。
在一个有利实施方式中,该引导管具有至少一个凸起,凸起在弹性压缩和伸张期间在开设于封闭件内的通道内移动。由此阻止在弹性压缩和伸张期间的在操作机构与阻尼器之间的转动。
在一个有利实施方式中,该空气弹簧具有阻尼器,该引导管活动安置在阻尼器上。由此,该空气弹簧除了弹性减振和水平控制功能外还具有阻尼功能。此外,引导管的运动在弹性压缩和伸张期间在阻尼器上被可靠引导。阻尼器最好设计成液压阻尼器。
在一个有利实施方式中,在引导管中开设至少一个开口。开口作为阻尼器的散热窗。在一个有利实施方式中,许多开口开设到引导管中。
在一个有利实施方式中,该控制凸缘具有卵形轮廓。由此,为了安装空气弹簧,可以将在无压状态中呈软管状的空气弹簧囊简单绷紧到该控制凸缘上。
附图说明
以下,结合如附图示意性所示的实施例来描述所述空气弹簧以及其它特征和优点,其中:
图1示出带有水平控制系统的空气弹簧的纵截面,
图2示出图1的控制阀的纵截面的放大局部,
图3示出空气弹簧的纵截面,其中该水平控制系统被未剖切示出。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出了空气弹簧10,其用于控制未示出的司机室或未示出的机动车的水平位置。
空气弹簧10具有封闭件12、滚动活塞14和将封闭件12和滚动活塞14相互联接的空气弹簧囊16。空气弹簧囊16分别借助夹紧环18被气密固定在封闭件12和滚动活塞14上并且形成填充有流体的压力腔20。流体可以是空气,尤其是压缩空气、气体或者可压缩介质。
空气弹簧10还具有阻尼器22,其活塞杆24延伸穿过滚动活塞14并且在其自由端连接至第一弹性体支座26。通过第一弹性体支座26,空气弹簧10被固定在未示出的第一车辆部件上。为了密封压力腔20,在滚动活塞14和活塞杆24之间设有密封圈28。
为了限制空气弹簧10的弹性压缩运动,在滚动活塞14内设有缓冲器72,缓冲器被活塞杆24穿过并且支承在滚动活塞14的底面上。缓冲器72与设于阻尼器22的顶面上的阻尼器盖74配合。
还如图1所示,阻尼器22联接至封闭件12。尤其是,阻尼器22延伸穿过封闭件12。为了密封该压力腔20,在封闭件12和活塞杆24之间设有密封圈28。阻尼器22在其从封闭件12伸出的一端具有第二弹性体支座30,第二弹性体支座用于将空气弹簧10固定在未示出的第二车辆部件上。
此外,用于将流体供入压力腔20和/或排出流体的水平控制系统32被集成到空气弹簧10中,以便根据空气弹簧行程来控制机动车或司机室的水平位置。
水平控制系统32具有至少一个用于控制流体供入压力腔20和/或流体排出的控制阀34以及与控制阀34有效连接的操作机构36。
操作机构36具有与滚动活塞14相连且活动安置在阻尼器22上的引导管38和操作控制阀34的操作件40以及压缩弹簧机构42。
引导管38通过凸缘件44与滚动活塞14相连接。凸缘件44被设计成环形板并且径向靠内地具有套筒部45,套筒部可移动地安置在引导管38上。滚动活塞14径向靠外地支承在凸缘件44上。为了防止凸缘件44自引导管38下滑,引导管38在端侧具有突出部47。
引导管38在其朝向控制阀34的一端具有呈卵形的控制凸缘46。因为控制凸缘46的卵形轮廓,故为了安装空气弹簧10可以将在无压状态下呈软管形的空气弹簧囊16简单绷紧至控制凸缘46上。
如图2所示,引导管38具有凸起48,该凸起在形成在封闭件12内的通道50中被引导。在空气弹簧10的弹性压缩和伸张期间,凸起48在通道50内移动。由此防止在弹性压缩和伸张期间在阻尼器22与操作机构36之间的转动。
如图3所示,引导管38具有许多开口49。这些开口49用于阻尼器32的散热。
压缩弹簧机构42具有围绕引导管38的中心弹簧52和配属于控制阀34的预紧弹簧54。两个弹簧被设计成压缩弹簧,其中,中心弹簧52比预紧弹簧54更强烈地被预紧。凸缘件54支承在中心弹簧52上。中心弹簧52本身支承在控制凸缘46上。预紧弹簧54连接至操作件40并且完全支承在控制凸缘46的底面上。
尤其如图2所示,操作件40被设计成销件56,其活动延伸穿过开设于控制凸缘46内的通孔58。
销件56在背对控制阀34的一侧具有呈锁止凸起62形式的加宽结构60。锁止凸起62设计成在自由端有加粗结构65的销63状。销63通过缺口相互分开,从而锁止凸起62可以摆动。通过锁止凸起62来进行将销件56固定在控制凸缘46上。为此,带有锁止凸起62的销件56被装入通孔58中。由此,锁止凸起62被压缩,使得销件56能移动穿过通孔58。当锁止凸起62离开通孔58时,它们又摆动到其初始状态并因此防止从通孔58抽出销件56。
还如图2所示,销件56在朝向控制阀34的一端具有环绕的台肩67,预紧弹簧54支承在该台肩上以将销件56压到控制阀34上。
控制阀34具有排出阀66和进入阀68,两者都设计成弹簧阀,其中排出阀66有效连接至销件56,进入阀68有效连接至控制凸缘46。还如图2所示,在控制凸缘46和进入阀68之间设置有属于操作机构36的弹簧70。
当排出阀66打开时,在弹性伸张期间,流体从压力腔20流出。当进入阀68打开时,在弹性压缩期间给压力腔20供应流体。为此,进入阀68通过连接件69被连接至未示出的流体供应装置。
在如图1和图3所示的状态中,排出阀66和进入阀68关闭,做法是销件56通过压缩弹簧机构42的预紧力被压迫至排出阀66上,并且控制凸缘46与进入阀68间隔开。为了排出阀66保持关闭,预紧弹簧54的压紧力必须大于排出阀66中的弹簧的预紧力。为了在弹性伸张期间打开排出阀66,引导管38因为弹簧70的预紧力而移动离开控制阀34,其中销件56在跨过第一空程76后由控制凸缘46通过锁止凸起62抵住,因此移动离开排出阀66。为了在弹性压缩期间打开进入阀68,控制凸缘46在跨过第二空程78后并根据弹簧70的弹簧力施压至进入阀68。
接着,描述借助水平控制系统32的空气弹簧10的水平位置的控制。在图1和图3中示出空气弹簧10的中性位置,此时排出阀66和进入阀68关闭。
在弹性压缩或承载期间,活塞杆24移入阻尼器22中且同时该空气弹簧囊16在滚动活塞14上滚动。由此,滚动活塞14向下运动向封闭件12,因此施力于凸缘件44。因为凸缘件44支承在中心弹簧52上,故中心弹簧52施压于引导管38,从而该引导管运动向封闭件12。在弹性压缩期间,压缩弹簧机构42和控制凸缘46将销件56压迫到排出阀66上。由此,排出阀66在弹性压缩期间被关闭。同时,引导管38因传导入中心弹簧52的力而运动向封闭件12,在此,控制凸缘46压缩该弹簧70。在跨过第二空程78后,凸缘件44压迫进入阀68。由此,进入阀68被打开,使得流体经进入阀68流入压力腔20。当进一步弹性压缩时,中心弹簧52被压缩并因此接管减振任务。
当弹性伸张或卸载时,滚动活塞14向上运动离开封闭件12,其中,中心弹簧52弹性伸张并且向上压迫凸缘件44。同时,预紧弹簧54和弹簧70向上压迫引导管38。只要第一空程76尚未被跨过,控制凸缘46就相对于销件56运动,其中该销件56还因为预紧弹簧54的预紧力被压迫至排出阀66。在跨过第一空程76后,预紧弹簧54完全弹性伸张,从而弹簧70仅还将引导管38压向滚动活塞14。在跨过第一空程76后,控制凸缘46通过锁止凸起62抵住销件56。由此使销件56移动离开排出阀66,并且排出阀66被打开,使得流体从压力腔20流入环境。
在空气弹簧10中,预紧弹簧54可以因为操作机构36的结构设计而整面地支承在控制凸缘46上,从而预紧弹簧54的整个弹簧力施压至销件56和进而施压至排出阀66。由此,预紧弹簧54的和中心弹簧52的弹簧力或预紧力可被减小。因此,空气弹簧10的压缩弹簧机构42可以总体上具有小的预紧力,由此改善空气弹簧10的舒适性和声学行为。因为压缩弹簧机构42的预紧力减小,故封闭件12可设计得薄,这导致材料节约。此外,对于封闭件12和/或滚动活塞14,可以采用具有较小的刚性或强度的材料比如PA6,这导致成本节约。此外,操作机构36具有少量零部件,因此空气弹簧10的安装成本降低。此外,滚动活塞14的直径可以被减小,从而可以在较大范围内表现出空气弹簧10的刚性。最后,因为操作机构36的结构设计,故有更多结构空间可供阻尼器盖74使用,从而其直径可被增大,这导致缓冲器72有更长的使用寿命。另外,压缩弹簧机构42尤其是中心弹簧52具有小的弹簧变形量。
附图标记列表
10 空气弹簧
12 封闭件
14 滚动活塞
16 空气弹簧囊
18 夹紧环
20 压力腔
22 阻尼器
24 活塞杆
26 第一弹性体支座
28 密封圈
30 第二弹性体支座
32 水平控制系统
34 控制阀
36 操作机构
38 引导管
40 操作件
42 压缩弹簧机构
44 凸缘件
45 套筒部
46 控制凸缘
47 突出部
48 凸起
49 开口
50 通道
52 中心弹簧
54 预紧弹簧
56 销件
58 通孔
60 加宽结构
62 锁止凸起
63 销
64 缺口
65 加粗部
66 排出阀
67 台肩
68 进入阀
69 连接件
70 弹簧
72 缓冲器
74 阻尼器盖
76 第一空程
78 第二空程

Claims (15)

1.一种用于控制司机室或机动车的水平位置的空气弹簧(10),具有封闭件(12)、滚动活塞(14)和在形成填充有流体的压力腔(20)情况下联接至所述滚动活塞(14)和封闭件(12)的空气弹簧囊(16),其中用于供应和/或排出流体的水平控制系统(32)被集成到该压力腔(20)中以便根据空气弹簧行程控制司机室或机动车的水平位置,其中该水平控制系统(32)具有至少一个用于将流体供入压力腔(20)和/或排出流体的控制阀(34)和与该控制阀(34)有效连接的操作机构(36),其中该操作机构(36)具有与所述滚动活塞(14)或封闭件(12)相连的且活动安置在该压力腔(20)内的引导管(38)、呈销件(56)形式的且操作该控制阀(34)的操作件(40)以及压缩弹簧机构(42),其中该压缩弹簧机构(42)具有与所述滚动活塞(14)或封闭件(12)相连的中心弹簧(52)和与该销件(56)相连的预紧弹簧(54),其中该引导管(38)具有控制凸缘(46),该销件(56)与该控制凸缘相连并且该预紧弹簧(54)支承在该控制凸缘上以将该销件(54)压到该控制阀(34)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的空气弹簧,其特征是,该销件(56)和该控制凸缘(46)能彼此相对运动,从而在该空气弹簧(10)弹性伸张期间,该控制凸缘(46)相对于该销件(56)运动经过第一空程(76),并且在跨过第一空程(76)后该控制凸缘(46)抵住该销件(56)并带其离开该控制阀(34)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的空气弹簧,其特征是,该销件(56)在其第一端具有加宽结构(60)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的空气弹簧,其特征是,该加宽结构(60)被设计成锁止凸起(62)。
5.根据前述权利要求之一所述的空气弹簧,其特征是,该销件(56)在第二端具有环绕的台肩(67),该预紧弹簧(54)支承在该台肩上以将该销件(54)压到该控制阀(34)上。
6.根据前述权利要求之一所述的空气弹簧,其特征是,该控制阀(34)具有排出阀(66)和进入阀(68),其中该销件(56)有效连接至该排出阀(66),该控制凸缘(46)有效连接至该进入阀(68)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的空气弹簧,其特征是,如此设计该操作机构(36),在弹性伸张期间,该进入阀(68)关闭而该排出阀(66)打开,并且在弹性压缩期间,该进入阀(68)打开而该排出阀(66)关闭。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的空气弹簧,其特征是,在弹性压缩期间,在跨过第二空程(78)后该控制凸缘(46)压向该进入阀(68)以打开该进入阀(68)。
9.根据权利要求6至8之一所述的空气弹簧,其特征是,该操作机构(36)具有另一个弹簧(70),该另一个弹簧设置在所述控制凸缘(46)和进入阀(68)之间并且压迫该控制凸缘(46)离开该排出阀(66)。
10.根据前述权利要求之一所述的空气弹簧,其特征是,该中心弹簧(52)围绕该引导管(38)布置。
11.根据前述权利要求之一所述的空气弹簧,其特征是,该滚动活塞(14)通过凸缘件(44)联接至该引导管(38),其中该凸缘件(44)支承在该中心弹簧(52)上并且可移动地安置在该引导管(38)上。
12.根据前述权利要求之一所述的空气弹簧,其特征是,该引导管(38)具有至少一个凸起(48),该凸起在弹性压缩和伸张期间在开设于该封闭件(12)或滚动活塞(14)内的通道(50)内运动。
13.根据前述权利要求之一所述的空气弹簧,其特征是,设有阻尼器(22),该引导管(38)活动安置在该阻尼器上。
14.根据前述权利要求之一所述的空气弹簧,其特征是,在该引导管(38)中开设至少一个开口(49)。
15.根据前述权利要求之一所述的空气弹簧,其特征是,该控制凸缘(46)具有卵形轮廓。
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