CN110527567A - M100车用甲醇燃料性能改良剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种M100车用甲醇燃料性能改良剂及其制备方法,该改良剂包括:异丙醇、甲基叔丁基醚、乙醇胺、环己醇、吐温80、油酸、甲基异丁基醚、异戊烷、石油醚(沸程60~90℃)。本发明将甲醇与性能改良剂经过混合、搅拌、静置生成M100车用甲醇燃料成品。M100车用甲醇燃料在不改变现行发动机结构的条件下使用,解决车用甲醇燃料直接在发动机使用出现的油品遇水分层、乳化,低温启动困难、高温气阻,腐蚀溶胀,动力下降、油耗增高等问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及甲醇燃料技术领域,特别涉及一种M100车用甲醇燃料性能改良剂及制备方法。
背景技术
我国是一个人口大国,工业和民用能源需求量巨大,同时,我国又是一个煤矿资源丰富且石油资源贫乏的国家,基本国情因素决定着我国经济高速发展,必然面临着经济增长和环境保护的双重压力。问题为能源和资源消耗大国,中国的资源环境矛盾日益突出。改变能源生产和消费方式,开发利用可再生能源燃料等可再生清洁能源资源对建立可持续的能源系统,促进国民经济发展和环境保护具有重大意义。近年来,随着国家对能源安全和环境保护的不断重视,一系列政策法规相继出台。
2009年12月国家标准《车用甲醇汽油(M85)》正式实施,为高比例车用甲醇汽油提供了标准依据。
甲醇可以用煤及天然气等作原料大规模生产的液态燃料,生产工艺成熟,储存使用安全可靠。车用甲醇汽油是将甲醇以掺混的方式添加在汽油里,制备成甲醇汽油进行掺烧,是最为简单的甲醇燃料使用方法,通常根据甲醇含量,将甲醇汽油分为M3~M85,其中M表示甲醇,数字表示甲醇的体积分数。
近年来,(M3~M85)甲醇汽油的研究应用已经取得了一定的成效,但基于甲醇的理化性质,高比例甲醇汽油直接在发动机中使用,仍会出现低温环境下冷启动困难、动力下降、腐蚀性等一系列问题。
发明内容
本发明针对上述的技术问题,提供一种M100车用甲醇燃料性能改良剂及制备方法,将甲醇与性能改良剂经过混合、搅拌、静置生成M100车用甲醇燃料成品。M100车用甲醇燃料在不改变现行发动机结构的条件下使用,解决车用甲醇燃料直接在发动机使用出现的油品遇水分层、乳化,低温启动困难、高温气阻,腐蚀溶胀,动力下降、油耗增高等问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明具体技术方案如下:
一种M100车用甲醇燃料性能改良剂,其包括质量百分数的以下组分为原料调配制成:
优选地,该改良剂与甲醇的体积比为:1∶(40~60)。
进一步地,该改良剂与甲醇的体积比为:1∶49。
本发明上述的M100车用甲醇燃料性能改良剂,是一种复合添加剂,采用下述方法制备得到:
将异丙醇、甲基叔丁基醚、乙醇胺混合升温回流反应180~240min,得到组分A;
将环己醇、吐温80、油酸混合反应90~120min,得到组分B;
将甲基叔丁基醚、异戊烷、石油醚与得到的组分A、组分B混合均匀得到性能改良剂。
其中,将甲基叔丁基醚、异戊烷、石油醚、组分A、组分B进行混合时,控制混合温度为10~20℃。
将本发明制备的性能改良剂加入甲醇中,在常温和常压条件下进行物理调和,即可调配得到M100车用甲醇燃料,且配制的M100车用甲醇燃料符合GB/T 23799-2009车用甲醇汽油(M85)规定的技术要求。
对比现有技术,本发明M100车用甲醇燃料性能改良剂具有以下优点:
(1)与甲醇互溶效果好,产品透明清亮,无杂质,-35℃条件下不分层;
(2)抗水性好,抗水比例达1%,稳定性好,保存期可达一年以上;
(3)台架试验表明,其冷启动、动力性、燃油经济性、环保性与95#汽油基本相当;
(4)铜片腐蚀试验表明,本发明M100车用甲醇燃料性能改良剂的腐蚀性较小。
具体实施方式
下列实施例仅用于对本发明进行详细说明,但应理解的是本发明的范围并不限于这些实施例。
实施例1:
在带有机械搅拌、温度计、加料漏斗、冷凝管的四口瓶中依次加入5g异丙醇、10g甲基叔丁基醚、4g乙醇胺,升温至80℃反应2小时后,降至室温,得到组分A19g。
将12g环己醇、12g吐温80、12g油酸加入四口瓶中,升温至回流,反应1.5小时,得到组分B 36g。
将15g甲基叔丁基醚、15g异戊烷、15g石油醚与上述组分A、组分B加入反应瓶中,控制温度在15℃,充分搅拌均匀后得到性能改良剂淡黄色液体100g,20℃密度0.7994g/cm3。
将20.0mL上述性能改良剂加入980.0mL甲醇(纯度99.9%)中,调配成1000mL的M100车用甲醇燃料。
实施例2:
按照实施例1组分比例,工业制备性能改良剂。取性能改良剂2.0L与甲醇98.0L调配成100L M100车用甲醇燃料,进行台架试验。
检测依据GB 18285-2005《点燃式发动机汽车排气污染物排放限值及测量方法(双怠速法及简易工况法)》、GB/T 12547-2009《汽车最低稳定车速试验方法》、GB/T 12543-2009《汽车加速性能试验方法》、GB/T 12544-2012《汽车最高车速试验方法》、GB/T12545.1-2008《乘用车燃料消耗量试验方法》等标准,试验用油为国标95#汽油和调配好的M100车用甲醇燃料,测试结果如下:
(1)、动力方面,M100车用甲醇燃料输出扭力比国标95#汽油低0.32%,底盘输出功率低0.16%;40~80Km/h加速距离增加0.4%,加速时间增加0.67%;从油耗上看,M100车用甲醇燃料比国标95#汽油平均高1.11%。
(2)、环保方面,经汽车稳态工况排气污染物测试,M100车用甲醇燃料与国标95#汽油比较,排气污染物CO平均下降94.3%,HC平均下降98.9%。
(3)、冷启动方面,-20℃环境下多次测试表明,国标95#汽油与M100车用甲醇燃料均可正常启用。
实施例3:
在50L反应釜中依次加入1.44kg异丙醇、2.88kg甲基叔丁基醚、1.15kg乙醇胺,升温至80℃反应2小时后,降至室温得到产品A。
将3.46kg环己醇、3.46kg吐温80、3.46kg油酸加入反应釜中,升温至回流温度反应1.5h,得到产品B。
将、4.32kg甲基叔丁基醚、4.32kg异戊烷、4.32kg石油醚以及上述得到的产品A、产品B一起加入反应釜中,控制反应温度10℃,充分搅拌得到淡黄色的性能改良剂液体产品28.81Kg,20℃密度0.7994g/cm3。
以30L性能改良剂与1470L甲醇(纯度99.9%)调配成M100车用甲醇燃料1500L,台架试验结果如下:
(1)、动力方面,M100车用甲醇燃料输出扭力比国标95#汽油低0.46%,底盘输出功率低0.17%;40~80Km/h加速距离增加0.42%,加速时间增加0.71%;从油耗上看,M100车用甲醇燃料比国标95#汽油平均高1.2%。
(2)、环保方面,经汽车稳态工况排气污染物测试,M100车用甲醇燃料与国标95#汽油比较,排气污染物CO平均下降92.6%,HC平均下降98.9%。
(3)、冷启动方面,-20℃环境下多次测试表明,国标95#汽油与M100车用甲醇燃料均可正常启用。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干简单推演或替换,都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种M100车用甲醇燃料性能改良剂,其特征在于,包括以下组分质量百分数为原料:
2.根据权利要求1所述的M100车用甲醇燃料性能改良剂,其特征在于,该改良剂与甲醇的体积比为:1∶(40~60)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的M100车用甲醇燃料性能改良剂,其特征在于,该改良剂与甲醇的体积比为:1∶49。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的M100车用甲醇燃料性能改良剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)、将异丙醇、甲基叔丁基醚、乙醇胺混合升温回流反应180~240min,得到组分A;
(2)、将环己醇、吐温80、油酸混合反应90~120min,得到组分B;
(3)、将甲基叔丁基醚、异戊烷、石油醚与得到的组分A、组分B混合均匀得到性能改良剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,将甲基叔丁基醚、异戊烷、石油醚、组分A、组分B进行混合时,控制混合温度为10℃~20℃。
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