CN110520128B - 用于治疗与血管性血友病因子有关的并发症和疾病的组合物和方法 - Google Patents
用于治疗与血管性血友病因子有关的并发症和疾病的组合物和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110520128B CN110520128B CN201880012752.6A CN201880012752A CN110520128B CN 110520128 B CN110520128 B CN 110520128B CN 201880012752 A CN201880012752 A CN 201880012752A CN 110520128 B CN110520128 B CN 110520128B
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Classifications
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H21/00—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
- C07H21/02—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with ribosyl as saccharide radical
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Abstract
本发明提供血管性血友病因子(VWF)保护剂,其包括用于治疗和/或改善由VWF的异常结合或功能引起的并发症或疾病的适配体和抗体。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请案请求2017年5月19日提交的,名称为用于治疗与血管性血友病因子有关的并发症和疾病的组合物和方法的美国专利临时申请案No.62/508,530,及2018年3月5日提出申交的,名称为用于治疗与血管性血友病因子有关的并发症和疾病的组合物和方法的美国专利临时申请案No.62/638,579的优先权利益,其全部内容均通过引用整体并入本文。
序列表
本申请案与电子格式的序列表一起提交。该序列表于2018年5月18日创建,呈名称为20591002PCT_SL.txt之档案提供,大小为40,942个字符。序列表电子格式中的信息通过引用整体并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于治疗与血管性血友病因子相关的并发症和疾病的治疗模式领域。
发明背景
血管性血友病因子(VWF)对于维持止血的第一步骤(即,阻止脉管系统完整性已破损的部位出血)十分必要。VWF在血管内皮下的胶原结构基质与循环血液的血小板间形成分子桥梁,使血小板黏附于血管损伤部位,引发血栓形成从而阻止出血。VWF的这个必要功能是利用单独VWF分子的高分子量多聚体进行的,这些多聚体在暴露于血液动力学剪切力时被活化而与血小板结合(类似于解开绳索的方式)。已证实VWF的活化是经由两步骤构形转变发生的:流动引发的伸长,随后为张力依赖性局部转变成对血小板GpIbα具高亲和力的状态(Fu H,et al.,Flow-induced elongation of von Willebrand factor precedestension-dependent activation.Nat Commun.2017 Aug 23;8(1):324)。同时,活化VWF多聚体的所述解开亦使其暴露于蛋白质水解导致的毁坏,从而提供防止过度血栓形成的反馈回路。最近,已发现VWF参与脉管系统中的多个过程,包括调控新血管形成(Randi AM,etal.,Von Willebrand Factor,Angiodysplasia and Angiogenesis.Mediterr J HematolInfect Dis.2013;5(1):e2013060;eCollection 2013)。
称为心室辅助装置(“VAD”)的医疗仪器设计的新近进展具改进的VAD性能,此类装置可为患有严重心脏衰竭的病患提供血液动力学上的支撑。一个此类进展为引入持续的(相对于脉动)流动系统,其实例为例如HeartWare之或Thoratec之等装置。然而,机械支撑血液流动的主要缺点之一为血液局部暴露于例如高压及陡峭的速度梯度等非生理流动条件。因此,在VAD病患中,VWF(与其他血液成分)持续经受由VAD本身产生的高剪切力。由持续流动泵设计产生的血液动力学剪切力会导致称为获得性血管性血友病综合征(aVWS)的凝血系统功能缺陷,结果是大量发生大出血,尤其从胃肠(GI道)。在这些病患中也观察到异常血管形成并且导致出血(Suarez J,et al.,Mechanisms ofbleeding and approach to patients with axial-flow left ventricular assistdevices.Circ.Heart Fail.2011 4:779-84及其中之参考文献)。
当VWF多聚体开始解开且暴露其血小板结合位点(生物化学上称为“A1结构域”之位点)时,由于束缚循环血小板而进一步扩大这种机械剪切力的作用。亦即,当流动血液中的血小板结合暴露于该经部分解开的VWF多聚体上的A1结构域时,所结合的血小板施加牵引力且完全拉伸该多聚体链。一旦经完全拉伸,则VWF多聚体对蛋白质降解最敏感。此病理生理学范例预测,VAD病患将表现减少量的全功能的、高分子量的VWF多聚体,事实确实如此。预期给予外源性VWF或内源贮存的VWF的分泌刺激不可对该问题提供持久的校正,因为补充的VWF很快地也会以相同方式被蛋白质水解。
Starling等最近报导了心室辅助装置,特别是左心室辅助装置(LVADs)由于高剪切力的另一缺点,他们在接受HeartMate IITM LVAD之病患间观察到VAD仪器中血栓形成率增加。Starling RC,et al.,Unexpected Abrupt Increase in Left Ventricular AssistDevice Thrombosis,2014,N.Engl.J Med.,370:33-40。其他人也已报导LVAD的类似发现。Capoccia M,et al.,Recurrent Early Thrombus Formation in Heartmate II LeftVentricular Assist Device,2013,J.Inv.Med.,1:DOI:10,1177/2324709613490676;Meyer AL,et al.,Thrombus Formation in a Heartmate II Left Ventricular AssistDevice,2008,J.Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,135:203-204。VAD之高剪切速率活化VWF,引起VAD入口的局部血栓形成和导致aVWS的全身性VWF耗竭。
如上所述,血管损伤部位的血小板凝集对于阻止和控制出血以及随后血管修复十分重要;然而,血管损伤或动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂部位过大的血小板凝集反应会导致血管闭塞性血栓的发展。研究已证实,在非常高之剪切速率下,VWF–血小板相互作用介导闭塞性血栓形成。Le Behot A,et al.,GpIbα-VWF blockade restores vessel patency bydissolving platelet aggregates formed under very high shear rate inmice.Blood,2013:Feb 19,2014;DOI10.1182/blood-2013-12-543074。因此,VAD中剪切应力水平升高与aVWS(为VWF多聚体形成及随后被蛋白质水解毁坏的结果)和血栓形成(为VWF-血小板凝集反应的结果)相关。
冠状动脉与脑动脉中的血栓发展是全球死亡率和发病率最常见的原因,分别引发心肌梗塞与缺血性中风等疾病。目前的血栓溶解治疗只靶向血栓的一种成分—纤维蛋白,因此仅部分有效地溶解动脉与富含血小板的血栓。再者,虽然试图破坏血小板–纤维蛋白相互作用的治疗(即,血小板GpIIb/IIIa抑制剂)有效地用于防止初始血栓形成及溶解新鲜血小板凝集体,但此类破坏不能显著防止在具非常高剪切速率下堵塞前(pre-occluded)动脉中的血栓形成或对堵塞前动脉(至少50%堵塞之血管)的通畅性具显著影响。然而,更新的研究显示,封阻VWF(A1结构域)与其在血小板上的同源配体(GpIb)间的相互作用减缓于非常高剪切速率下闭塞性血栓形成的速率,且溶解已形成的闭塞性血栓,从而有效增加堵塞动脉的通畅性。
与VWF相互作用有关的另一疾病为镰状细胞病。
镰状细胞病是由于遗传突变体β-球蛋白等位基因(Glu6Val)产生的,或者是两套或者具指定不足的等位基因或者缺陷性β-球蛋白,其产生坚硬、黏着、容易溶解的红血球。这些特性说明了包括影响许多器官的慢性溶血性贫血与间歇性血管阻塞在内的镰状细胞病的临床表现。溶血率最高的病患具有由肺动脉高血压、阴茎异常勃起和腿溃疡组成的综合征的风险。包括VWF的数种黏着性分子已涉及镰状血管阻塞。经急性活化的内皮细胞可释放大量能自发结合红血球(尤其是镰状细胞)的很大且超黏着的VWF分子。
有大量医学文献叙述了与VAD有关的获得性血管性血友病综合征(aVWS)的现象;然而,目前尚无已知的可用疗法(参见:Suarez J,et al.,Mechanisms of Bleeding andApproach to Patients with Axial-Flow Left Ventricular AssistDevices.Circulation:Heart Failure 2011;4(6):779-784)。目前之治疗涉及给予额外的凝血因子或浓缩的VWF,均具显著风险。
同样地,最近有文献叙述了在接受VAD治疗(特别是LVAD治疗)的病患间观察到VAD仪器中的血栓形成。此类血栓形成在本文中称为“与VAD有关的泵血栓形成”。参见,例如,Starling RC,et al.,Unexpected Abrupt Increase in Left Ventricular AssistDevice Thrombosis,2014,N.Engl.J Med.,370:33-40的图2,其中显示了LVAD中的血栓形成。然而,迄今,除了抗凝剂疗法外,尚无预防血栓形成的疗法被提出或采用。
因此,业界对于靶向VWF相互作用的药物或生物治疗剂仍存在需求。具体而言,对于毁坏VAD病患中VWF多聚体的过程的药理学拮抗剂以及例如在VAD病患中以及在堵塞前血管在发现的在非常高剪切速率下形成的血栓(可能存在VAD以及非VAD个体二者中)的拮抗剂仍存在需求。对于VAD仪器中血栓形成的拮抗剂亦仍存在需求。于这些不同状况下,此类药剂可拮抗VWF的A1结构域与其在血小板、红血球和/或GpIb上的同源配体间的结合相互作用,从而增强VWF多聚体和/或减缓其毁坏。于VAD病患中使用此类化合物或组合物作为对aVWS的疗法是相当违反直觉的,因为它必需给予抗凝剂(其增加出血)以矫正出血问题。然而该治疗原理很合理,因为保留VAD病患中的高分子量VWF多聚体将防止最终导致VWF蛋白质水解的下游级联反应。此类药剂亦可拮抗VWF的A1结构域与其在血小板和/或GpIb上的同源配体的相互结合作用,从而破坏和/或减缓闭塞性血栓的形成。
业界对于血管腔封闭(闭塞)期间拮抗血小板凝集或交联(即,于非常高剪切速率下,例如于VAD病患和/或具有堵塞前血管的个体中发现的)的药剂及能解聚或破坏血管中已形成的闭塞性血栓的药剂仍存在需求。此类药剂可拮抗VWF与血小板间的相互作用,从而经由崩解已存在的血栓,恢复闭塞性血栓形成后的血管通畅性。此类药剂可用于治疗心血管与冠状动脉疾病,例如心肌梗塞与缺血性中风。此类药剂亦可用以阻止于VAD治疗期间闭塞性血栓的发展。
对于由VWF多聚体与红血球的其他相互作用产生的并发症与疾病,特别是镰状细胞病中VWF与红血球异常结合的情形下,亦存在治疗性介入的进一步需求。此类药剂可调节镰状细胞病中VWF与红血球的结合。
如上所述,业界对用于治疗心室辅助装置(VAD)相关的并发症与疾病,例如aVWS与闭塞性血栓症,及由VWF多聚体与红血球相互作用(例如于镰状细胞病中VWF多聚体与红血球间发生的相互作用)产生的疾病的治疗剂仍存在需求。此外对于用VAD仪器治疗期间,拮抗血管腔闭塞期间或血栓形成期间的血小板凝集的治疗剂,以及在心血管和/或冠状动脉疾病(例如中风)治疗中能崩解或破坏血管中已形成的闭塞性血栓或在VAD泵中已形成的血栓的药剂仍存在需求。
发明概述
此外,本公开内容提供了在诸如镰状细胞病(独立地或与VAD治疗组合)的情况下发生的,以及可能在VAD病患的闭塞性血栓形成期间或在血管腔封闭期间(例如在多种情况下可能发生的,例如缺血性中风)的血小板凝集情况下发生的VWF-血小板相互作用及VWF-红血球相互作用的拮抗剂。此类拮抗剂可作为VWF保护剂用。此类拮抗剂亦可作为调控与调节止血的治疗剂、治疗心室辅助装置(VAD)相关并发症与疾病(例如aVWS与闭塞性血栓症)的治疗剂、治疗由VWF多聚体与红血球相互作用产生的疾病(例如镰状细胞病)的治疗剂。此外,此类药剂可于心血管与脑血管疾病(例如心肌梗塞与中风)的治疗中作为治疗剂用。
本公开内容亦提供包含合成多核苷酸的VWF保护剂,其中合成多核苷酸包含SEQID NO:1的至少21个连续的核苷酸,其显示具有至少6个碱基对的双链区。相较于具有5个或5个以下碱基对较短双链区的保护剂,具有至少6个碱基对双链区的VWF保护剂于较高温度下可具较高的热稳定性,从而对VWF具有更大的亲和力与增加的官能性。较短的双链区于较高温度下可能导致茎环结构解开以及相关的亲和力与官能性丧失。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的合成多核苷酸可为25至30个核苷酸长。双链区可为约6至约9个碱基对。再者,双链区由3’和5’端或邻近3’和5’端的6个或6个以上核苷酸形成。
本发明的合成多核苷酸可经化学修饰。各核苷酸可含至少一个化学修饰。此类化学修饰可在该合成多核苷酸的糖、核碱基或核苷间连接处。糖的修饰可由2’O-甲基修饰组成。
端帽(terminal cap)结构亦可并入3’和/或5’端。此类结构包括,但不限于至少一个反向的脱氧胸苷或氨基(NH2)。在一个方面,3’端帽包含反向的脱氧胸苷,5’端帽包含氨基(NH2)。在一个方面,合成多核苷酸为SEQ ID NO:2。
包含核酸适配体的VWF保护剂可经任何数量的轭合物(conjugate)修饰。一此类轭合物为PEG(聚乙二醇)部分。此类部分可为任何大小或分支结构。在一个方面,PEG原子团可共缀合至核酸适配体的5’端。于另一态样中,PEG部分可缀合至核酸适配体的3’端。在一个方面,该合成多核苷酸为SEQ ID NO:3。
本文进一步提供能与上述任何VWF保护剂全部或部分杂交或结合的互补的合成多核苷酸。在一个方面,互补的合成多核苷酸可包含SEQ ID NO:4的至少12个连续的核苷酸。在另一方面,互补的合成多核苷酸可包含SEQ ID NO:4的至少15个连续的核苷酸。再一方面,互补的合成多核苷酸可包含SEQ ID NO:4的至少18至22个连续的核苷酸。
互补的合成多核苷酸可经化学修饰。化学修饰可对互补的合成多核苷酸的至少一个核苷酸进行。在一些方面,每个核苷酸含有至少一个化学修饰。化学修饰可为对核苷酸糖的2'-O-甲基修饰。互补的合成多核苷酸可进一步包含3’端帽。在一个方面,3’端帽可为反向的脱氧胸苷。
在一些实施方案中,互补的合成多核苷酸包含SEQ ID NO:5。
本文进一步提供防止诸如全血或血浆的样品中或在经受血液动力学流动的医学或外科手术装置内VWF多聚体解离的方法。虽然多聚体解离可能部份地留下功能性VWF类,但在若干情形下,解离会导致功能降低。因此,VWF保护剂可起作减轻此损失或功能减少的作用。
在一些实施方案中,所提供的为本文所述的合成多核苷酸或互补的合成多核苷酸在制备用于治疗VWF相关疾患、疾病或并发症的药物中的用途。在一个方面,疾病为血栓性疾病。在一个方面,血栓性疾病为缺血性中风。
在其他实施方案中,所提供的为本文所述的合成多核苷酸或互补的合成多核苷酸在制备用于治疗VAD相关并发症或疾病的药物中的用途。在一个方面,并发症或疾病可能为获得性血管性血友病综合征(aVWS)、血管形成异常、闭塞性血栓症或与VAD有关的泵血栓症(VAD-associated pump thrombosis)。
在其他实施方案中,所提供的为本文所述的任一合成多核苷酸或互补的合成多核苷酸在制备用于治疗包含VWF与红血球异常结合的并发症或疾病的药物中的用途。在一个方面,并发症或疾病可为镰状细胞病。
在其他实施方案中,所提供的为本文所述的任一合成多核苷酸或互补的合成多核苷酸在制备用于治疗与血管形成异常有关的胃肠(GI)出血相关的并发症或疾病的药物中的用途。
在其他实施方案中,所提供的为本文所述的任一合成多核苷酸或互补的合成多核苷酸在制备用于恢复具有一或多个被至少一个闭塞性血栓阻塞的血管的个体的血管通畅性的药物中的用途,其中所述血管至少50%被阻塞,该方法包含使所述个体接触VWF保护剂,从而恢复血管通畅性。
在其他实施方案中,提供了本文所述的任一合成多核苷酸或互补的合成多核苷酸在制备用于崩解具有至少一个血管被阻塞至少50%的个体的一或多个闭塞性血栓的药剂的用途。此类方法包含使该个体接触VWF保护剂,从而该一或多个闭塞性血栓崩解。
在有关闭塞性血栓症的任一上述方法的特定实施方案中,所述制剂崩解所述该闭塞性血栓的外层。在有关闭塞性血栓症任一上述方法的特定实施方案中,所述闭塞性血栓在10,000s-1或更高的剪切速率条件下形成。在有关闭塞性血栓症任一上述方法的特定实施方案中,所述闭塞性血栓对纤维蛋白溶解和/或抗血栓剂具抗性。由闭塞性血栓形成产生的疾患或疾病可包括急性冠状动脉综合征、急性闭塞性血栓症和缺血性中风。
进一步提供了为本文所述的任一合成多核苷酸或互补的合成多核苷酸在制备用于预防具有血栓性疾病或并发症的个体中血小板凝集的药物中的用途。所述合成多核苷酸可经由静脉内注射或皮下注射给予。在一个方面,相对于静脉内注射,皮下注射的生物利用率为至少85%。在另一方面,相对于静脉内注射,皮下注射的生物利用率为至少95%。在一些实施方案中,该合成多核苷酸可以约0.01mg/kg至约0.5mg/kg个体体重的剂量给予。该合成多核苷酸可具有约70小时至约100小时的血浆半衰期。在一些实施方案中,该合成多核苷酸可不具抗凝剂的功能。该合成多核苷酸可不延长凝血时间和/或改变凝血酶产生。在一个方面,该血栓性疾病或并发症为心肌梗塞。在其他方面,该血栓性疾病或并发症为缺血性中风。
在一些实施方案中提供治疗血栓性疾病与其并发症的方法,该方法包括使诊断患有该疾病或并发症的病患与本发明的任一VWF保护剂接触。在一个方面,该血栓性疾病为缺血性中风。
在一些实施方案中提供治疗VAD相关并发症或疾病(例如,举例而言,aVWS与闭塞性血栓症)的方法,该方法包括使诊断患有该并发症或疾病的病患与本发明的任一VWF保护剂接触。在某些实施方案中,血栓症发生于VAD仪器中。在其他实施方案中,闭塞性血栓症发生于VAD病患或非VAD个体心血管或脑血管的血管内腔中。在一些情形下,可能也需要反转或滴定分析本发明VWF保护剂的作用。在这种情形下,本发明提供特定逆转剂。
在其他实施方案中提供以VWF保护剂治疗由VWF与红血球的异常相互作用产生的疾患或疾病的方法。在某些实施方案中,红血球为镰状细胞。此类疾患或疾病的治疗可与VAD治疗组合或独立于VAD治疗。
在其他实施方案中提供以VWF保护剂治疗包括与血管形成异常有关的胃肠出血的并发症或疾病的方法,其与VAD治疗组合或独立于VAD治疗。
在其他实施方案中提供以VWF保护剂治疗包括与VAD治疗相关的血栓症的并发症或疾病的方法。在一实施方案中,闭塞性血栓形成可发生于病患的一或多个血管中。在另一实施方案中,血栓形成可于VAD仪器本身中发生。另外提供了用于崩解VAD病患中一或多个血栓的方法,包括使VAD病患与VWF保护剂接触。进一步提供了用于降低VAD病患中血栓形成速率的方法,包括使VAD病患与VWF保护剂接触,从而血栓形成速率相对于未治疗VAD病患的血栓形成速率降低。
在其他实施方案中提供以VWF保护剂治疗并发症或疾病的方法,该并发症或疾病包括与非长高的剪切速率(≥10,000s-1)例如于闭塞血管中发现的剪切速率相关的闭塞性血栓形成。闭塞性血栓形成可发生于个体的一或多个血管中。
额外提供了用于恢复具有一或多个闭塞血管的个体的血管通畅性的方法,该方法包括使所述个体与VWF保护剂接触。还提供用于崩解一或多个闭塞血管中的闭塞性血栓的方法,包括使具有至少一个闭塞血管的个体与VWF保护剂接触。进一步提供了用于降低个体中血管闭塞率的方法,包括使所述个体与VWF保护剂接触,从而血管闭塞率相对于未治疗个体的血管闭塞率降低。
在有关闭塞性血栓症的任一上述方法的特定实施方案中,该一或多个血管至少50%闭塞。在有关闭塞性血栓症任一上述方法的特定实施方案中,该制剂崩解闭塞性血栓的外层。在有关闭塞性血栓症任一上述方法的特定实施方案中,该闭塞性血栓是在10,000s-1或更高的剪切速率条件下形成的。在有关闭塞性血栓症任一上述方法的特定实施方案中,该闭塞性血栓对纤维蛋白溶解和/或抗血栓剂具抗性。
进一步提供用于治疗由血管中闭塞性血栓形成而产生的疾患或疾病的方法。在某些实施方案中,该疾患或疾病为急性闭塞性血栓症或急性冠状动脉综合征,包括,例如心肌梗塞与不稳定性心绞痛。在其他实施方案中,该疾患或疾病为缺血性中风。
在进一步实施方案中提供本文所述的任一合成多核苷酸或互补的合成多核苷酸在制备用于治疗与严重和/或大脑疟疾相关的中枢神经系统(CNS)血栓症的药物中的用途。
在进一步实施方案中提供本文所述的任一合成多核苷酸或互补的合成多核苷酸在制备用于治疗与海德(Heyde)氏综合征相关的胃肠(GI)出血的药物中的用途。
附图简单说明
如随附图式中所阐明,从本发明特定实施方案的下述说明,前文所述的以及其他的目的、特征和优点将显而易见。该等图式不必然依比例绘制,而将重点放在阐明本发明各个实施方案的原理。
图1说明三种适配体建构体的图式。显示本发明的BT-100(SEQ ID NO:2)与现有技术化合物ARC15105(SEQ ID NO:6)与ARC1779(SEQ ID NO:7)的比较。
图2以图示说明BT-100逆转剂。图2依出现顺序分别公开SEQ ID NOs3与12。
图3显示血管性血友病因子多聚体的凝胶以及BT-100对保护人类血浆中多聚体免被由高剪切条件诱发的蛋白质降解的影响。
图4描绘血栓形成的连续步骤示意图。图4A显示在生理学剪切应力下,<50%阻塞时血栓形成的初始阶段,其中血小板-血小板交联主要涉及GpIIb/IIIa相互作用。图4B显示在非常高的剪切应力下,≥50%阻塞时血栓形成的下一步骤,其中血小板-血小板交联主要涉及GpIbα-VWF相互作用。图4C显示完全闭塞性血栓症(100%堵塞)的下一步骤,其于早期阶段对GpIIb/IIIa抑制剂具有抗性且对GpIbα-VWF相互作用的抑制剂敏感。
发明详述
虽然专家共识认为该现象的机械原因是由轴流泵作用于VWF产生的血液动力学剪切力,但单独由VAD产生的流动剪切力并不足以引起VWF的广泛蛋白质水解(Siediecki CA,et al.,Shear-dependent changes in the three-dimensional structure of humanvon Willebrand factor.Blood 1996;88(8):2939-2950;Schneider SW,et al.Shear-induced unfolding triggers adhesion of von Willebrand factorfibers.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2007;104(19):7899-7903;Selgrade BP and Truskey GA.Computational fluid dynamics analysis todetermine shear stresses and rates in a centrifugal left ventricular assistdevice.Artif Organs 2012;36(4):E89-E96;Zheng Y,et al.,Flow-driven assembly ofVWF fibres and webs in in vitro microvessels.Nat Commun.2015 Jul 30;6:7858;其全部内容各自通过引用并入本文)。
举例而言,一般悉知,束缚于VWF A1结构域的血小板于剪切条件下增加解开及增强VWF蛋白质水解,结合A1结构域的药物或生物治疗剂拮抗VWF-血小板相互作用(Shim K,et al.,Platelet-VWF complexes are preferred substrates of ADAMTS13 underfluid shear stress.Blood 2008;111(2):651-657;Nishio K,et al.,Binding ofplatelet glycoprotein Ibαto von Willebrand factor domain A1 stimulates thecleavage of the adjacent domain A2 by ADAMTS13.Proceedings of the NationalAcademy of Sciences of the United States of America 2004;101(29):10578-10583;Huang RH,et al.,A structural explanation for the antithrombotic activity ofARC1172,a DNA aptamer that binds von Willebrand factor domain A1.Structure2009;17(11):1476-1484;Siller-Matula JM,et al.,ARC15105 Is a Potent Antagonistof Von Willebrand Factor Mediated Platelet Activation andAdhesion.Arteriosclerosis,Thrombosis,and Vascular Biology 2012;32(4):902-909;与Diener JL,et al.,Inhibition of von Willebrand factor-mediated plateletactivation and thrombosis by the anti-von Willebrand factor A1-domain aptamerARC1779.Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2009;7(7):1155-1162;其全部内容各自通过引用并入本文)。此外,已知于非常高的剪切速率(例如于VAD治疗中观察到的剪切速率)下,VWF–血小板相互作用介导闭塞性血栓形成。封阻VWF(A1结构域)与其血小板上的配体(GpIb)间的相互作用减缓于非常高剪切速率下形成闭塞性血栓的速率,并溶解已形成的闭塞性血栓。Le Behot A,et al.,GpIbα-VWF blockade restores vessel patency bydissolving platelet aggregates formed under very high shear rate in mice,Blood,2013:Feb 19,2014;DOI 10.1182/blood-2013-12-543074;Starling RC,et al.,Unexpected Abrupt Increase in Left Ventricular Assist Device Thrombosis,2014,N.Engl.J Med.,370:33-40;Capoccia M,et al.,Recurrent Early Thrombus Formationin Heartmate II Left Ventricular Assist Device,2013,J.Inv.Med.,1:DOI:10,1177/2324709613490676;Meyer AL,et al.,Thrombus Formation in a Heartmate II LeftVentricular Assist Device,2008,J.Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,135:203-204;其全部内容各自通过引用并入本文。
于此背景下,本发明人假设,施用VWF拮抗剂将预防和/或改善与VAD有关的并发症和/或疾病(例如aVWS与闭塞性血栓症)或其副作用。
已经于VWF-血小板结合过度活化的疾患中证明血管性血友病因子拮抗剂的治疗效用。一此类实例为称为栓塞性血小板减少性紫瘢病(TTP)的血栓性疾病,其中VWF高分子量多聚体蛋白质水解失败导致其累积,反过来可能引起弥散性血管内血栓症。已经证明给予TTP病患VWF拮抗剂可以纠正血小板减少症(此疾病的标志),且正在进行临床实验以证明利用此方式可改善临床结果。
VWF拮抗作用治疗效用的另一实例为治疗称为Von Willebrand Disease Type 2b(VWD Type 2b)的罕见的遗传疾病。患有此疾病的病患于VWF A1结构域中具有突变,使其具组成性活性,消除了经由血液动力剪切力活化VWF的正常需求。由于VWF此未经调节的活化和血小板的结合,此等病患逐渐形成血小板减少及VWF的高分子量多聚体含量减少,且容易发生自发性粘膜皮肤出血(尤其是鼻出血或月经过多)。
已证实给予患有VWD Type 2b病患VWF拮抗剂可矫正其血小板减少症并使其高分子量VWF多聚体质量正常化(参见Jilma-Stohlawetz P,et al.,A dose ranging phase I/II trial of the von Willebrand factor inhibiting aptamer ARC1779 in patientswith congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.Thromb Haemost 2011;106(3);Jilma-Stohlawetz P,et al.,Inhibition of von Willebrand factor by ARC1779in patients with acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.Thromb Haemost2011;105(3):545-552;US Publication 2009/0203766;International PublicationWO2010/091396与Jilma-Stohlawetz P,et al.,The anti-von Willebrand factoraptamer ARC1779 increases von Willebrand factor levels and platelet counts inpatients with type 2B von Willebrand disease.Thromb Haemost 2012;108(2);其全部内容各自通过引用并入本文)。
然而鉴于所有以上所述,对于植入VAD后发生于病患的获得性血管性血友病综合征(aVWS)仍无令人满意的治疗。理论上,可能推测给予得自含VWF的供体血浆浓缩物或得自基因重组来源(尚未商业化)的外源性VWF能暂时恢复高分子量VWF多聚体水平。然而,给予外源性VWF不会矫正从机械诱发的剪切力升高导致VWF不适当活化开始,接着引起过量血小板与VWF结合,进而引起VWF暴露于蛋白质水解,造成缺乏功能性VWF多聚体产生的因果链的潜在问题。除了去除病患因血液动力学上的支撑所依赖的剪切力来源(即,VAD)外,中断此因果链的下一最佳方法将为利用包括,但不限于封阻血小板与剪切力活化的且部分解开的VWF多聚体结合等数种方法的任一者,以保护本文提出的多聚体本身。
本领域技术人员亦可能提出,上述提及的发现可用于栓塞性血小板减少性紫瘢病或Von Willebrand Disease Type 2b(VWD Type 2b)的化合物(例如ARC1779或ARC15105)可能有效。本发明人惊奇地发现情况并非如此。
已发现于基线的镰状细胞病与高浓度的超黏着VWF有关,其与溶血速率密切相关(Chen J,et al.The rate of hemolysis in sickle cell disease correlates withthe quantity of von Willebrand factor in the plasma.Blood 2011,117,3680-3683;其全部内容均通过引用并入本文)。因此,VWF代表改善镰状细胞病中的溶血的治疗靶标,无论与VAD治疗组合或者与VAD治疗无关。
除了于维持止血(即,阻止出血)中的作用外,VWF还涉及脉管系统中的包括血管发炎与平滑肌细胞增殖等许多过程。亦已知VWF为血管新生的负调节剂。本文所用的“血管新生”界定为新血管的形成。已发现VWF经由控制VEGFR2信号转导而通过限制血管新生发挥“制动”的作用(Starke RD,et al.,Endothelial von Willebrand factor regulatesangiogenesis.Blood,2011,117:1071-80;其全部内容各自通过引用并入本文)。
已知VAD病患从GI道的出血是由血管形成异常引起(Islam S,et al,Leftventricular assist devices and gastrointestinal bleeding:a narrative reviewof case reports and case series.Clin Cardiol.2013,36:190-200与Suarez J,PatelCB,Felker GM,Becker R,Hernandez AF,Rogers JG.Mechanisms of bleeding andapproach to patients with axial-flow left ventricular assistdevices.Circ.Heart Fail.2011 4:779-84与其中的参考文献;其全部内容均通过引用并入本文)。本文所用的“血管形成异常”界定为GI道中的血管畸形,其与失调的血管新生相关。
不希望受理论束缚下,由暴露于血液动力学剪切力引起的经由VWF多聚体的蛋白质水解的VWF全身性耗竭可能导致GI道血管内皮中的VWF减少并导致VAD病患的血管形成异常。因此,经由其于维持止血和/或限制血管新生的作用,功能性VWF对于GI道中血管内皮健康的维持可能至关重要。
本发明提供防止血管内皮中的VWF耗竭的VWF制剂组合物与方法。在一些实施方案中,这些组合物预防GI道形成血管畸形与VAD病患的GI出血。在本文所述的头对头研究中,发明人证明,VWF多聚体的保护是由不同于本领域的适配体所提供。
一般已知,血小板糖蛋白IIb/IIIa(GpIIb/IIIa)与血浆蛋白质间的相互作用介导动脉血栓中的血小板交联。然而,过去的研究显示,GpIIb/IIIa抑制剂不显著影响堵塞前动脉的通畅性,于心肌梗塞或缺血性中风后,未能分散血小板凝集体(Mehilli J,et al.,Abciximab in patients with acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarctionundergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention after clopidogrelloading:a randomized double-blind trial.Circulation.2009;119(14):1933-1940;Kleinschnitz C,et al.,Targeting platelets in acute experimental stroke:impactof glycoprotein Ib,VI,and IIb/IIIa blockade on infarct size,functionaloutcome,and intracranial bleeding.Circulation.2007;115(17):2323-2330;Adams HPJr,et al;AbESTT-II Investigators,Emergency administration of abciximab fortreatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke:results of an internationalphase III trial:Abciximab in Emergency Treatment of Stroke Trial(AbESTT-II).Stroke.2008;39(1):87-99;Kellert L,et al.,Endovascular stroke therapy:tirofiban is associated with risk of fatal intracerebral hemorrhage and pooroutcome.Stroke.2013;44(5):1453-1455;其全部内容各自通过引用并入本文)。
另一方面,研究已证明,在豚鼠中,于光致血栓诱发的中风后,封阻GpIbα与VWF间的相互作用导致再灌注(至于GpIIb/IIIa抑制剂则不起作用)。Momi S,et al.,Reperfusion of cerebral artery thrombosis by the GPIb-VWF blockade with theNanobody ALX-0081 reduces brain infarct size in guinea pigs.Blood.2013;121(25):5088-5097;其全部内容均通过引用并入本文。同样地,其他研究已显示了在短暂机械式中风模式中,GpIbα-VWF靶向作用经由抑制再灌注后的血栓炎症反应的有利效应。Kleinschnitz C,et al.,Deficiency of von Willebrand factor protects mice fromischemic stroke.Blood.2009;113(15):3600-3603;Pham M,et al.,Sustainedreperfusion after blockade of glycoprotein-receptor-Ib in focal cerebralischemia:an MRI study at 17.6 Tesla.PLoS One.2011;6(4):e18386;Stoll G,et al.,The role of glycoprotein Ibalpha and von Willebrand factor interaction instroke development.Hamostaseologie.2010;30(3):136-138;Kleinschnitz C,et al.,Targeting platelets in acute experimental stroke:impact of glycoprotein Ib,VI,and IIb/IIIa blockade on infarct size,functional outcome,and intracranialbleeding.Circulation.2007;115(17):2323-2330;其全部内容各自通过引用并入本文。
最近,于不同发育阶段大脑中动脉血液流动的计算流体动力学(CFD)模拟以及活体内血栓性中风模型已证明,血管腔封闭期间的血小板交联依赖于GpIbα-VWF相互作用,并且破坏GpIbα-VWF相互作用经由特异性崩解闭塞性血栓的外层而恢复血管通畅性,该闭塞性血栓含有于非常高剪切速率(10,000s-1或更高)下形成的血小板凝集体。Le Behot A,etal.,GpIbα-VWF blockade restores vessel patency by dissolving plateletaggregates formed under very high shear rate in mice.Blood,2013:Feb 19,2014;DOI 10.1182/blood-2013-12-543074;其全部内容均通过引用并入本文。
已进一步证明,闭塞性血栓形成发生于三个不同发展阶段,其中各阶段经受不同的局部剪切速率且经由不同机制调控,产生三个不同的闭塞性血栓区域如下:(1)血栓基部,其于整个血栓形成(纤维蛋白)过程中,暴露于1,500s-1以下的剪切速率;(2)血栓核心,对应于剪切速率于约1500s-1与约10,000s-1间的第一发展步骤期间形成的血栓部分(0%至<50%闭塞性血栓形成)(参见图4A);(3)血栓外层,于血栓形成(≥50%至100%闭塞性血栓形成)最后步骤中,以非常高的剪切速率(10,000s-1或更高)形成(参见图4B),且负责血管腔闭合(参见图4C)。血栓核心主要由利用GpIIb/IIIa依赖性相互作用交联的血小板组成,而血栓外层的形成则依赖于Gp1bα-VWF相互作用。Le Behot A,et al.,Blood,2013:Feb 19,2014;DOI 10.1182/blood-2013-12-543074。
由GpIbα-VWF相互作用引起的剪切依赖性血栓形成发生于狭窄的冠状动脉或破裂的动脉粥样硬化斑块病变中(Sadler JE.Biochemistry and genetics of vonWillebrand factor.Annu Rev Biochem.1998;67:395–424;其全部内容均通过引用并入本文)。经受与预后较差相关的心脏不良情况的患者,其VWF量也升高(Collet JP,et al.,Acute release of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in ST-segment elevationmyocardial infarction predicts mortality.Circulation.2003;108:391–394;FuchsI,et al.,Platelet function in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)predicts recurrent ACS.J Thromb Haemost.2006;4:2547–2552;Thompson SG,et al.,Hemostatic factors and the risk of myocardial infarction or sudden death inpatients with angina pectoris.European Concerted Action on Thrombosis andDisabilities Angina Pectoris Study Group.N Engl J Med.1995;332:635–641;其全部内容各自通过引用并入本文)。心肌梗塞的传统疗法减少血小板活化与凝集,但主要涉及VWF以外的受体与标靶。经由拮抗GpIb或胶原结合而靶向初始粘附步骤可能于抗血小板药物的开发中很有效力,尤其是因为可发现这些相互作用很少冗余。再者,由于高剪切条件下GpIb-VWF相互作用的特殊需求,可于不干扰静脉系统下靶向动脉侧,因此可能降低出血问题的风险,此为目前使用抗血小板药物的最显著的副作用。此外,干扰血小板粘附的药物尚具有减少血小板活化与分泌的额外优点,甚至可能变得有助于预防再狭窄(De Meyer SF,et al.,Antiplatelet drugs.British Journal of Haematology,142,515-528;其全部内容均通过引用并入本文)。
本公开内容提供崩解在非常高剪切速率(例如于堵塞前血管中或于VAD治疗中发现的剪切速率)下形成的闭塞性血栓的VWF制剂、组合物和方法。特别是,所述VWF制剂溶解10,000s-1或更高的剪切速率下形成的含血小板凝集体的闭塞性血栓(即,于闭塞性血栓外层中发现者)。这些制剂与组合物恢复患有急性闭塞性血栓症或急性冠状动脉综合征(包括,例如,心肌梗塞与不稳定性心绞痛)病患的血管通畅性。在其他实施方案中,所述制剂与组合物恢复患有缺血性中风病患的血管通畅性。在其他实施方案中,所述制剂与组合物恢复VAD病患的血管通畅性。在其他实施方案中,所述制剂与组合物崩解VAD仪器中的一或多个血栓。
本公开内容亦提供减缓在非常高剪切速率(例如于堵塞前血管中或于VAD治疗中发现的剪切速率)下形成的闭塞性血栓的分子的VWF制剂、组合物和方法。特别是,所述VWF制剂减缓10,000s-1或更高的剪切速率下形成的含血小板凝集体的闭塞性血栓(即,于闭塞性血栓外层中发现者)的分子。于其他实施方案中,所述制剂与组合物减缓VAD仪器中血栓的成长。
本公开内容亦提供于具有至少50%被一个或多个闭塞性血栓闭塞的一个或多个血管的个体中,用于降低血管闭塞率的VWF制剂、组合物和方法,该方法包括使个体与VWF保护剂接触,从而其血管闭塞率相对于至少50%闭塞的未处理血管中的血管闭塞率为降低。
在其他实施方案中,本公开内容的VWF制剂、组合物和方法可用于治疗或防止孤儿病或与VWF相关的征兆,例如,但不限于,严重和/或大脑疟疾和海德氏综合征。
严重疟疾是恶性疟原虫(Plasmodium falciparum)感染的危及生命的疾病,其中感染复杂,身体的主要器官严重衰竭。严重疟疾有时关联昏迷,为称为大脑疟疾。已经在患大脑疟疾的病患血浆中鉴定出VWF、VWF前肽(分别为慢性与急性内皮细胞活化的标记)和活化的VWF的量升高于(Hollestelle MJ,et al.,von Willebrand factor propeptide inmalaria:evidence of acute endothelial cell activation.Br J Haematol.2006;133(5):562-9;de Mast Q,et al.,Thrombocytopenia and release of activated vonWillebrand Factor during early Plasmodium falciparum malaria.J InfectDis.2007;196(4):622-8;其全部内容各自通过引用并入本文)。这通过显示严重疟疾亦与VWF切割蛋白酶ADAMTS13的缺乏以及高反应性超大VWF多聚体的累积相关的另外研究获得支持(de Mast Q,et al.ADAMTS13 deficiency with elevated levels of ultra-largeand active von Willebrand factor in P.falciparum and P.vivax malaria.Am JTrop Med Hyg.2009;80(3):492-8;Larkin D,et al.Severe Plasmodium falciparummalaria is associated with circulating ultra-large von Willebrand multimersand ADAMTS13 inhibition.PLoS Pathog.2009;5(3):e1000349;EC,etal.Severe malaria is associated with a deficiency of von Willebrand factorcleaving protease,ADAMTS13.Thromb Haemost.2010;103(1):181-7;其全部内容各自通过引用并入本文)。新近的研究进一步证明,VWF可能通过隔离血小板、募集感染疟疾的红血球、诱导致内皮细胞渗透性增加以及最后导致中枢神经系统(CNS)血栓形成,在调节疟疾发病机制在扮演积极角色(O'Regan N,et al.A novel role for von Willebrand factorin the pathogenesis of experimental cerebral malaria.Blood.2016;127(9):1192-201;Montgomery,R.R.,The heads and the tails of malaria and VWF.Blood,2016.127(9):p.1081-2;其全部内容各自通过引用并入本文)。鉴于这些发现,本发明人预期使用本发明的VWF制剂破坏VWF与血小板的相互作用可防止血栓
海德氏综合征是于主动脉狭窄存在下来自血管形成异常的胃肠出血的综合征。VWF高分子量多聚体的丧失已确认为是GI出血与主动脉狭窄间的联系(Warkentin TE,etal.Aortic stenosis and bleeding gastrointestinal angiodysplasia:is acquiredvon Willebrand's disease the link?Lancet.1992;340(8810):35-7),且据报导已出现于67-92%患有严重主动脉狭窄的病患中(Vincentelli A,et al.Acquired vonWillebrand syndrome in aortic stenosis.N Engl J Med.2003Jul 24;349(4):343-9;其全部内容均通过引用并入本文)。此外,VWF活性与狭窄的严重性和出血率显著相关(Blackshear JL,et al.Indexes of von Willebrand factor as biomarkers of aorticstenosis severity(from the Biomarkers of Aortic Stenosis Severity[BASS]study).Am J Cardiol.2013;111(3):374-81;其全部内容均通过引用并入本文)。一般认为,由瓣膜阻塞引起的高剪切应力导致VWF多聚体结构变化,增加其被蛋白酶ADAMTS13蛋白质水解(Vaz A,et al.Heyde syndrome--the link between aortic stenosis andgastrointestinal bleeding.Rev Port Cardiol.2010Feb;29(2):309-14;LoscalzoJ.From clinical observation to mechanism--Heyde's syndrome.N Engl J Med.2012;367(20):1954-6;其全部内容各自通过引用并入本文)。这由主动脉阀置换恢复VWF异常并减少胃肠出血的风险的事实获得支持。血小板与VWF间的相互作用也增加,形成血小板微团聚体,其与VWF多聚体降解和清除的增加相关。根据本公开内容,本文所述的VWF制剂可保护VWF多聚体的丧失和/或拮抗VWF与血小板的相互作用,从而防止患有海德氏综合征病患的胃肠出血。
I.本发明的组合物
本文提供化合物、组合物(包括医药组合物)及用于设计、制备、使用与制造化合物的方法,该化合物预防和/或改善与使用心室辅助装置(VAD,包括左VAD或LVAD)相关的病况或副作用,例如与LVAD有关的血管形成异常,获得性血管性血友病综合征(aVWS),2型VWD及其他心血管与脑血管疾病例如急性冠状动脉综合征、急性闭塞性血栓症、中风、动脉瘤和缺血性事件,以及镰状细胞病,严重和/或大脑疟疾,及海德氏综合征,与VAD治疗组合或与VAD治疗无关。
在一些实施方案中,VWF保护剂可用以治疗与血管形成异常有关的胃肠出血。在一些实施方案中,VWF保护剂可用以治疗患有GI出血的VAD病患。
因此,本发明的化合物和/或组合物以保存、保护或预防VWF多聚体的丧失、减少或破坏和/或拮抗VWF多聚体与红血球(例如镰状细胞)相互作用的方式,与VWF单体或多聚体相互作用或结合。该化合物和/或组合物亦可拮抗VWF单体和/或多聚体与血小板的相互作用,从而崩解堵塞前血管中的闭塞性血栓。本文所用的此类保护性化合物或组合物称为“VWF多聚体保护剂”或“VWF保护剂”。
在一些实施方案中,VWF保护剂可以保存、保护或预防VWF多聚体丧失、减少或破坏的方式与VWF单体或多聚体相互作用或结合,以恢复VWF介导的约束血管内皮细胞中的血管新生并预防VAD病患的新血管形成。
在其他实施方案中,VWF保护剂可于具有一或多个堵塞前血管的个体(例如患有急性闭塞性血栓症或急性冠状动脉综合征,包括例如心肌梗塞与不稳定型心绞痛或缺血性中风的个体)中,用以恢复血管通畅性。在这些情况下,所述化合物和/或组合物以拮抗VWF与血小板相互作用的方式与VWF相互作用或结合,从而使堵塞前血管(至少50%堵塞的血管)中的闭塞性血栓崩解。在某些实施方案中,VWF保护剂崩解闭塞性血栓的外层。在某些实施方案中,崩解的闭塞性血栓是于剪切速率为10,000s-1或更高的条件下形成的(亦即,该闭塞性血栓包含在10,000s-1或更高的非常高剪切速率下形成的血小板凝集体)。在一些实施方案中,闭塞性血栓对纤维蛋白溶解和/或抗血栓剂具抗性。在其他实施方案中,VWF保护剂可用以恢复正接受VAD治疗的个体的血管通畅性。
在进一步实施方案中,VWF保护剂可用以减少个体的血管闭塞率,包括使该个体与VWF保护剂接触,从而相对于未处理血管中的血管闭塞率,其血管闭塞率减少。在其他实施方案中,VWF保护剂可用以减少正接受VAD治疗的个体的血管闭塞率。
本文所用的“闭塞性血栓”一词是指含有于非常高剪切速率(10,000s-1或更高)下所形成的血小板凝集体的血栓。此类闭塞性血栓是于血管腔封闭期间形成的,即,当管腔至少50%堵塞时。本文所用的“堵塞前血管”或“堵塞血管”一词是指至少50%堵塞的血管且可包括完全堵塞的血管。“完全堵塞的血管”一词是指100%堵塞的血管,或,换言之时具封闭管腔的血管。
本文所用的“血栓性疾病”一词是指任何以异常血栓形成表征的疾患或疾病。在一实施方案中,表征所述疾病的异常血栓形成是形成一或多个闭塞性血栓。血栓性疾病的非限制性实例包括血管性血友病疾患、缺血性中风、急性冠状动脉综合征、心肌梗塞、短暂性脑缺血发作、栓塞性血小板减少性紫瘢病和栓塞性微血管病变。血栓性疾病的发生可与VAD治疗组合或与VAD治疗无关。在一实施方案中,血栓性疾病为缺血性中风。
在其他实施方案中,VWF保护剂可用以治疗与VWF异常相关的孤儿病,例如,但不限于严重的和/或大脑疟疾和海德氏综合征。
于一实施方案中,VWF保护剂可用以拮抗患有严重和/或大脑疟疾个体中VWF与血小板的相互作用,从而预防或减少CNS血栓形成。
于另一实施方案中,VWF保护剂可用以治疗与海德氏综合征相关的GI出血。VWF保护剂可预防或减少VWF多聚体的丧失和/或拮抗VWF与血小板的相互作用,从而防止患有海德氏综合征个体的GI出血。
VWF保护剂:适配体
在一些实施方案中,本发明的VWF保护剂包含适配体。
本文所用的“适配体”为结合特定靶标分子并调节该靶标的活性、结构、或功能的生物分子。本发明的适配体可为基于核酸或氨基酸的。核酸适配体经由除经典瓦生克立克(Watson-Crick)碱基配对以外的相互作用,对分子具有特异性的结合亲和力。像经由噬菌体呈现所产生的肽或单克隆抗体(mAbs),核酸适配体能特异性地结合所选择的靶标,并经由结合、阻断其标靶的作用能力。在一些情况下,适配体亦可为肽适配体。本文所用的“适配体”尤其是指核酸适配体或肽适配体。
适配体,通常称为“化学抗体”,具有与抗体类似的特征。典型的核酸适配体大小大约10-15kDa(20至45个核苷酸),以次纳摩尔亲和力结合其标靶,并区分密切相关的靶标。
适配体可为单价或多价。适配体可为单体、二聚体、三聚体、四聚体或其他更高级的多聚体。可连接单独适配体单体以形成多聚体的适配体融合分子。作为非限制性实例,连接寡核苷酸(即连接子)可经设计以含有与随机适配体的5′臂与3′臂区二者互补的序列,形成二聚体适配体。对于三聚体或四聚体适配体,将对小的三聚体或四聚体[即,类哈勒戴氏连结(Holliday junction-like)]的DNA纳米结构进行工程化,以包含与随机适配体的3′臂区互补的序列,从而经由杂交产生多聚体的适配体融合物。另外,可将3至5或5至10个富含dT的核苷酸工程化至连接子多核苷酸中,作为结合适配体基序间的单链区,其提供多个适配体的柔韧性与自由度,以协调和协同与细胞配体或受体的多价相互作用。替代地,多聚体适配体亦可经由混合生物素化适配体与链霉抗生物素蛋白形成。
本文所用的“多聚体适配体”或“多价适配体”等词是指包含多个单体单元的适配体,其中各个单体单元可为适配体本身。多价适配体具有多价结合的特征。多聚体适配体可为同质多聚体或异质多聚体。“同质多聚体”一词是指包含多个相同类型结合单元的多聚体适配体,即各个单元结合相同靶标分子的相同结合位点。“异质多聚体”一词是指包含多个不同类型结合单元的多聚体适配体,即各个结合单元结合相同靶标分子的不同结合位点,或各个结合单元结合不同靶标分子的结合位点。因此,异质多聚体可指在不同结合位点结合一个靶标分子的多聚体适配体或结合不同靶标分子的多聚体适配体。结合不同靶标分子的异质多聚体亦可称为多特异性多聚体。
核酸适配体包含一系列连接的核苷或核苷酸。
“核酸”一词,以其最广泛意义而言,包括任何包含核苷酸聚合物的化合物和/或物质。这些聚合物通常称为多核苷酸。本发明的例示核酸分子或多核苷酸包括,但不限于,核糖核酸(RNA)、脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)、苏糖核酸(TNA)、二醇核酸(GNA)、肽核酸(PNA)、锁核酸[LNA,包括具有β-D-核糖构型的LNA、具有α-L-核糖构型的α-LNA (LNA的非对映异构体)、具有2′-氨基官能化的2′-氨基-LNA和具有2′-氨基官能化的2′-氨基-α-LNA]或其杂合物。
技术人员将知晓,“RNA分子”或“核糖核酸分子”不仅涵盖在自然界中表达或发现的RNA分子,亦包括包含一或多种如本文中所述或本领域已知的核苷酸/核苷类似物或衍生物的RNA的类似物与衍生物。严格地说,“核核苷”包含核苷碱基与核糖,“核苷酸”为具有1、2或3个磷酸原子团的核苷。然而,“核核苷”与“核核苷酸”可被视为在本文使用时是等同的。RNA可在核碱基结构、呋喃核糖基环中或于核糖磷酸骨架中修饰。
核酸适配体可为核糖核酸、脱氧核糖核酸或混合的核糖核酸与脱氧核糖核酸。适配体可为单链的核糖核酸、脱氧核糖核酸或混合的核糖核酸与脱氧核糖核酸。
在一实施方案中,VWF保护剂可为适配体或其盐。
在一实施方案中,VWF保护剂可为可包含合成多核苷酸的适配体或其盐。合成的多核苷酸可包含SEQ ID NO:1的至少21个连续的核苷酸。另外,合成的多核苷酸可展现具有至少6个碱基对的双链区。不希望受理论束缚下,5个或5个以下碱基对的较短双链区,于较高温度下可能导致茎环结构解开以及该保护剂相关的亲和力与官能性丧失。
在一实施方案中,VWF保护剂可为可包含合成多核苷酸的适配体或其盐,其中合成的多核苷酸包含SEQ ID NO:1的至少21个连续的核苷酸,且其中合成的多核苷酸包含具有至少6个碱基对的双链区。不希望受理论束缚下,具有至少6个碱基对双链区的VWF保护剂于较高温度下可具有较高热稳定性。相较于5个或5个以下碱基对的较短双链区的保护剂,于较高温度下增加的此热稳定性可对VWF提供更强的亲和力与增加的功能性。
在一实施方案中,6个或6个以上碱基对的双链区在合成多核苷酸的端处或附近(例如,1至10个核苷酸之内)。
在一些实施方案中,核酸适配体至少包含一个化学修饰。修饰可用以增加适配体的稳定性,例如通过增加其对细胞中存在的核糖核酸酶(RNase)降解的抗性,从而导致其于细胞中的半衰期增长。修饰亦可或替代地用于降低引入细胞的适配体引起先天性免疫反应的可能性或程度。此类反应,如于本领域所述,其已于包括短小干扰RNA (siRNA)的RNA干扰(RNAi)情况中被充分表征,往往与RNA半衰期减少和/或引出细胞因子或与免疫反应有关的其他因子相关。
可能的修饰包括,但不限于,例如,(a)末端修饰,例如,5'端修饰(磷酸化、去磷酸化、共轭结合、反向键合等)、3'端修饰(共轭结合、DNA核苷酸、反向键合等);(b)糖修饰(例如于2'位置或4'位置)或糖的置换;(c)碱基修饰,例如,以经修饰的碱基、稳定化的碱基、去稳定化的碱基、或碱基对具有扩展伴侣谱(expanded repertoire)的碱基、或共轭结合的碱基置换;以及(d)核苷间键修饰,包括磷酸二酯键的修饰或置换。可用于本文所述方法的经修饰适配体组合物的特定实例包括,但不限于,含有经修饰或非天然核苷间键的核酸分子。具有经修饰的核苷间键的经修饰适配体包括例如在核苷间键中不具磷原子者。在其他实施方案中,经修饰的适配体在其核苷间键中具有磷原子。
在一些实施方案中,化学修饰是选自核酸在糖位置的化学置换、在磷酸根位置的化学置换与在碱基位置的化学置换。在其他实施方案中,化学修饰是选自引入经修饰的核苷酸;3’加帽;5’加帽;共轭结合于与高分子量的非免疫原性化合物;共轭结合于亲脂性化合物;及使硫代磷酸酯并入磷酸骨架中。
在一实施方案中,核酸适配体的各核苷酸可含至少一个化学修饰。此类化学修饰可位于合成多核苷酸的糖、核碱基或核苷间连接处。对糖的修饰可由2’O-甲基修饰构成。
根据本公开内容所提供的核酸适配体,端帽结构亦可并入至3’和/或5’端。此类结构包括,但不限于,至少一个反向的脱氧胸苷或氨基(NH2)。
在一实施方案中,3'帽为反向的脱氧胸苷帽。
在另一实施方案中,3’帽为氨基(NH2)。
在一实施方案中,5'帽为反向的脱氧胸苷帽。
在另一实施方案中,5'帽为氨基(NH2)。
在一实施方案中,本发明的VWF保护剂可经任何数量的轭合物修饰。所述轭合物的非限制性实例可为高分子量非免疫原性化合物。
在一实施方案中,高分子量非免疫原性化合物为聚烯烃基二醇,更优选为聚乙二醇(PEG)。
在一些实施方案中,PEG原子团是共轭结合核酸适配体的5’端。
在一些实施方案中,PEG原子团是共轭结合核酸适配体的3’端。
核酸适配体的非限制性实例亦可包含经至少一种修饰的核糖核苷,包括但不限于2'-O-甲基修饰的核苷、含5'硫代磷酸酯基团的核苷、连接胆固醇衍生物或月桂酸双癸基酰胺基团的末端核苷、锁核苷[例如,β-D-核糖构型、具有α-L-核糖构型的α-LNA (LNA的非对映异构体)、具有2′-氨基官能化的2′-氨基-LNA和具有2′-氨基官能化的2′-氨基-α-LNA)、无碱基核苷、反向的脱氧核苷或反向的核糖核苷、2'-脱氧-2'-氟修饰核苷、2'-氨基-修饰核苷、2'-烷基-修饰核苷、2'-O-烷基-修饰核苷、2'-O-烷基-O-烷基-修饰核苷、2'-氟-修饰核苷、2'-氟-修饰核苷、吗啉核苷、氨基磷酸酯或包含核苷的非天然碱基、或其任何组合物。替代地,核酸适配体可包含至少2个、至少3个、至少4个、至少5个、至少6个、至少7个、至少8个、至少9个、至少10个、至少15个、至少20个或更多个、直至分子的整个长度的修饰核糖核苷。对于核酸分子中此类多个修饰脱氧核糖核苷或核糖核苷的每一个,修饰不需要相同。
本文所述的核酸适配体亦可于2’位置处含有下述一者:H(脱氧核糖);OH(核糖);F;O-、S-、或N-烷基;O-、S-、或N-烯基;O-、S-或N-炔基;或O-烷基-O-烷基,其中烷基、烯基与炔基可为取代或未取代的C1至C10烷基或C2至C10烯基与炔基。例示的修饰包括O[(CH2)nO]mCH3、O(CH2)nOCH3、O(CH2)nNH2、O(CH2)nCH3、O(CH2)nONH2和O(CH2)nON[(CH2)nCH3)]2,其中n与m为1至约10。在一些实施方案中,核酸适配体于2’位置处包含下述的一者:C1至C10低级烷基、取代的低级烷基、烷芳基、芳烷基、O-烷芳基或O-芳烷基、SH、SCH3、OCN、Cl、Br、CN、CF3、OCF3、SOCH3、SO2CH3、ONO2、NO2、N3、NH2、杂环烷基、杂环烷芳基、氨基烷基氨基、多烷基氨基、取代的硅基、报导子基团、嵌入剂、用于增进适配体药代动力学特性的基团、或用于增进核酸适配体药效动力学特性的基团和具有类似特性的其他取代基。在一些实施方案中,修饰包含2’甲氧乙氧基(2’-O-CH2CH2OCH3,亦为称为2’-O-(2-甲氧乙基)或2’-MOE)(Martin etal.,Helv.Chim.Acta,1995,78:486-504),即,烷氧烷氧基。另一例示修饰为2’-二甲基氨基氧乙氧基,即,O(CH2)2ON(CH3)2基团,亦为称为2’-DMAOE,与2’-二甲氨基乙氧乙氧基(于本领域亦已知为2’-O-二甲氨基乙氧乙基或2’-DMAEOE),即,2’-O-CH2-O-CH2-N(CH2)2。
亦可于适配体上的其他位置进行类似的修饰,特别是3’末端核苷酸上糖的3’位置处与5’末端核苷酸的5’位置处。适配体亦可具有糖模拟物,例如环丁基代替呋喃戊糖基。教导制备此类经修饰的糖结构的代表性美国专利案包括,但不限于,美国专利案编号4,981,957、5,118,800、5,319,080、5,359,044、5,393,878、5,446,137、5,466,786、5,514,785、5,519,134、5,567,811、5,576,427、5,591,722、5,597,909、5,610,300、5,627,053、5,639,873、5,646,265、5,658,873、5,670,633和5,700,920,其中某些是与本申请案共同拥有,各者全部内容通过引用并入本文。
基于核酸的VWF保护剂可包括核碱基(本领域常简称为“碱基”)修饰或取代。本文所用的“未经修饰”或“天然”的核碱基包括嘌呤碱基腺嘌呤(A)与鸟嘌呤(G),以及嘧啶碱基胸腺嘧啶(T)、胞嘧啶(C)与尿嘧啶(U)。经修饰的核碱基包括其他合成与天然的核碱基例如5-甲基胞嘧啶(5-me-C)、5-羟甲基胞嘧啶、黄嘌呤、次黄嘌呤、2-氨基腺嘌呤、腺嘌呤与鸟嘌呤的6-甲基及其他烷基衍生物、腺嘌呤与鸟嘌呤的2-丙基及其他烷基衍生物、2-硫尿嘧啶、2-硫胸腺嘧啶与2-硫胞嘧啶、5-卤尿嘧啶与胞嘧啶、5-丙炔基尿嘧啶与胞嘧啶、6-偶氮尿嘧啶、胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶、5-尿嘧啶(假尿嘧啶)、4-硫尿嘧啶、8-卤、8-氨基、8-硫醇、8-烷硫基、8-羟基及其他8-取代的腺嘌呤类与鸟嘌呤、5-卤、特别是5-溴、5-三氟甲基及其他5-取代的尿嘧啶与胞嘧啶、7-甲基鸟嘌呤与7-甲基腺嘌呤、8-氮杂鸟嘌呤与8-氮杂腺嘌呤、7-去氮鸟嘌呤与7-去氮腺嘌呤及3-去氮鸟嘌呤与3-去氮腺嘌呤。进一步的核碱基包括于美国专利案编号3,687,808中公开者;于Modified Nucleosides in Biochemistry,Biotechnology and Medicine,Herdewijn,P.ed.Wiley-VCH,2008中公开者;于TheConcise Encyclopedia Of Polymer Science And Engineering,pages 858-859,Kroschwitz,J.L,ed.John Wiley&Sons,1990中公开者;由Englisch et al.,AngewandteChemie,International Edition,1991,30,613所公开者;及由Sanghvi,Y S.,Chapter 15,dsRNA Research and Applications,pages 289-302,Crooke,S.T.and Lebleu,B.,Ed.,CRC Press,1993所公开者;其全部内容各自通过引用并入本文。
一些核苷酸与核苷修饰已显示使其并入的寡核苷酸比原态寡核苷酸对核酸酶消化更具抗性;这些经修饰的寡核苷酸较未经修饰的寡核苷酸完整地存活更长时间。经修饰的寡核苷酸的具体实例包括含有经修饰的骨架(例如,硫代磷酸酯类、磷酸三酯类、膦酸甲酯类、短链烷基或环烷基糖间键结或短链杂原子或杂环糖间键结)者。有些寡核苷酸为具硫代磷酸酯骨架的寡核苷酸及具杂原子骨架者,特别是CH2-NH-O-CH2、CH2-N(CH3)-O-CH2(称为亚甲基(甲基亚氨基)或MMI骨架)、CH2-O-N(CH3)-CH2、CH2-N(CH3)-N(CH3)-CH2与O-N(CH3)-CH2-CH2骨架(其中原态磷酸二酯骨架示为O-P-O-CH2-)、酰胺骨架[参见DeMesmaeker et al.,Ace.Chem.Res.,28:366-374(1995);其全部内容通过引用并入本文];吗啉基骨架结构(参见Summerton and Weller,美国专利案编号5,034,506);肽核酸(PNA)骨架(其中寡核苷酸的磷酸二酯骨架以聚酰胺骨架取代,该核苷酸直接或间接结合于聚酰胺骨架的氮杂氮原子,参见Nielsen et al.,Science 1991,254,1497;其全部内容通过引用并入本文)。含磷连接包括,但不限于,硫代磷酸酯类、手性硫代磷酸酯类、二硫代磷酸酯类、磷酸三酯类、氨基烷基磷酸三酯类、包含3'亚烷基膦酸酯类与手性膦酸酯类的甲基与其他烷基膦酸酯类、亚膦酸酯类、包含3'-氨基磷酰胺与氨基烷基磷酰胺类的磷酰胺类、硫羰基磷酰胺类、硫羰基烷基膦酸酯类、硫羰基烷基磷酸三酯类和具正常3'-5'连接的硼烷磷酸酯类、其2'-5'连接的类似物、以及其中相邻核苷单元对为3'-5'连接至5'-3'或2'-5连接至5'-2'的具有相反极性者;参见美国专利案编号3,687,808;4,469,863;4,476,301;5,023,243;5,177,196;5,188,897;5,264,423;5,276,019;5,278,302;5,286,717;5,321,131;5,399,676;5,405,939;5,453,496;5,455,233;5,466,677;5,476,925;5,519,126;5,536,821;5,541,306;5,550,111;5,563,253;5,571,799;5,587,361;与5,625,050;其全部内容各自通过引用并入本文。
基于吗啉基的低聚化合物见述于Braasch and David Corey,Biochemistry,41(14):4503-4510(2002);Genesis,Volume 30,Issue 3,(2001);Heasman,Dev.Biol.,243:209-214(2002);Nasevicius et al.,Nat.Genet.,26:216-220(2000);Lacerra et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,97:9591-9596(2000);与美国专利案编号5,034,506,issuedJul.23,1991;各者全部内容通过引用并入本文。
环己烯基核酸寡核苷酸模拟物见述于Wang et al.,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,122:8595-8602(2000);其全部内容通过引用并入本文。其中不含磷原子的经修饰的寡核苷酸骨架具有由短链烷基或环烷基核苷间键、混合的杂原子与烷基或环烷基核苷间键,或一个或多个短链杂原子或杂环核苷间键形成的骨架。这些骨架包括具有吗啉基键(部分由核苷的糖部分形成)者;硅氧烷骨架;硫化物、亚砜与砜骨架;富马酰基(formacetyl)与硫代富马酰基(thioformacetyl)骨架;亚甲基富马酰基与硫代富马酰基骨架;含烯烃骨架;氨基磺酸酯骨架;亚甲亚氨基与亚甲肼基骨架;磺酸酯与磺酰胺骨架;酰胺骨架;及具有混合的N、O、S和CH2组成份的其他骨架;参见美国专利案编号5,034,506;5,166,315;5,185,444;5,214,134;5,216,141;5,235,033;5,264,562;5,264,564;5,405,938;5,434,257;5,466,677;5,470,967;5,489,677;5,541,307;5,561,225;5,596,086;5,602,240;5,610,289;5,602,240;5,608,046;5,610,289;5,618,704;5,623,070;5,663,312;5,633,360;5,677,437;与5,677,439;各者全部内容通过引用并入本文。
在一些实施方案中,提供核酸适配体,其中P(O)O基团被P(O)S(“硫代基”)、P(S)S(“二硫代基”)、P(O)NR2(“酰胺”)、P(O)R、P(O)OR′、CO或CH2(“甲缩醛”)或3′-胺(—NH—CH2—CH2—)取代,其中各个R或R′独立地为H或经取代或未经取代的烷基。键联基可经由—O—、—N—、或—S—键连邻接的核苷酸。核酸适配体中的所有键结不需要相同。
可用于本发明核酸适配体中的额外修饰包括于,例如,InternationalPublication PCT/US2012/058519(其全部内容均通过引用并入本文)中所教示者。
用于适配体的适当核苷酸长度在约15至约100个核苷酸(nt)的范围内,在其他不同优选实施方案中,长度为15-30nt、20-25nt、30-100nt、30-60nt、25-70nt、25-60nt、40-60nt、25-40nt、30-40nt,22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39或40nt或40-70nt的任一者。然而,可设计具充分柔韧性的序列,从而其可适应适配体与两个标靶于于本文所述距离的相互作用。
在一些实施方案中,核酸适配体包含一或多个双链特征区。此类双链区可由内部自身互补性或与第二个或另外的适配体分子的互补性产生。在一些实施方案中,双链区长度可为4-12、4-10、4-8个碱基对。在一些实施方案中,双链区可为5、6、7、8、9、10、11或12个碱基对。在一些实施方案中,双链区可形成茎区。具双链特征的此类延伸茎区可发挥稳定核酸适配体的作用。相较于5个或5个以下碱基对的较短茎区,至少6个碱基对的延伸茎区于较高温度下可提供较高的热稳定性,从而对VWF具更大的亲和力与增加的整体功能性。较短的茎区于较高温度下可能导致茎环结构解开以及相关的亲和力与整体功能性丧失。
本文所用的“双链特征”一词意指在任何长度的两个核酸分子上,其序列形成长度超过50%的碱基对(标准或不标准)。本文所述适配体的二级结构可根据基于自由能计算预测核酸折叠的本领域已知的计算模式(例如Mfold)予以确认。
本领域技术人员知晓,寡核苷酸的组成会影响补体活化。举例而言,硫代磷酸酯取代的数量与补体活化的相对程度直接相关。因此,于优选实施方案中,本文提供的医药组合物与配制物和方法中所用的适配体具有包含不多于四个、不多于三个、不多于两个或不多于一个硫代磷酸酯骨架修饰的核苷酸序列。在一些实施方案中,核酸适配体不含硫代磷酸酯修饰。
本发明适配体可经修饰以增加热稳定性。核酸适配体的热稳定性为控制适配体结构、杂交和功能的重要因子。可用以提高适配体热稳定性的修饰的非限制性实例包括2'-O-甲基核苷、2'-氟核苷、锁核酸(LNAs)、2,6-二氨基嘌呤(2-氨基-dA)、5-甲基dC和Super T(5-羟丁炔基-2’-脱氧尿苷)。DNA或RNA链中2'-O-甲基核苷的存在提高了所述双链体的热稳定性,且这种效果在RNA:RNA双链体中比在RNA:DNA双链体中更显著。以2'-氟修饰2'-脱氧核糖使每次插入时DNA-DNA双链体的热稳定性提高1.3℃。LNA碱基对核糖骨架的修饰使该碱基锁定于C3'-内切位置,有利于RNA A型螺旋双链体几何结构。LNA修饰显著增加Tm并具有非常强的核酸酶抗性。
核酸适配体的热稳定性表征为熔解温度(Tm),在此有一半DNA或RNA分子呈双链形式,而另一半分子则以单链形式呈现。Tm可经由本领域已知的任何方法测定,例如测量UV吸光度、圆二色光谱技术和测量热。Tm可能受一些因素影响,例如适配体浓度、pH、一价阳离子(Na+、K+)浓度、或二价阳离子(Mg2+)浓度。根据本发明,适配体具有大于37℃的Tm并于体内维持完整的茎环结构。
适配体可进一步经修饰以保护适配体免受核酸酶与其他酶活性的影响。适配体序列可经由本领域已知的任何适当方法进行修饰。举例而言,可将硫代磷酸酯并入骨架中,可将5′-经修饰的嘧啶包含于DNA适配体的ssDNA5′端中。关于RNA适配体,可使用T7RNA聚合酶突变体将经修饰的核苷酸(例如核糖骨架的2′-OH基团的取代,例如用2′-脱氧-NTP或2′-氟-NTP置换)并入RNA分子中。2'-O-甲基核苷与LNA亦可促成对核酸酶的抗性。这些经修饰的适配体对核酸酶的抗性可利用其与纯化的核酸酶或小鼠血清的核酸酶一起孵育进行测试,且可利用凝胶电泳法分析适配体的完整性。
在一些实施方案中,此类经修饰的核酸适配体可完全由经修饰的核苷酸或经修饰核苷酸的子集合成。所述修饰可相同或不同。所有核苷酸都可经修饰,且全部可含有相同修饰。所有核苷酸都可经修饰,但含有不同的修饰,例如,含有相同碱基的所有核苷酸可具有一种修饰类型,而含其他碱基的核苷酸可具有不同的修饰类型。举例而言,所有嘌呤核苷酸可能具有一种修饰类型(或未经修饰),而所有嘧啶核苷酸具有另外的不同修饰类型(或未经修饰)。以此方式,使用如本文公开的任何修饰组合,产生寡核苷酸或寡核苷酸的数据库。
在一些实施方案中,VWF适配体是包含序列5’GCCAGGGACCUAAGACACAUGUCCCUGGC-3’(SEQ ID NO:1)的适配体或其盐。
在一些实施方案中,VWF适配体是包含以下结构的适配体或其盐:NH2-mGmCmCmAmGmGmGmAmCmCmUmAmAmGmAmCmAmCmAmUmGmUmCmCmCmUmGmGmC-idT(SEQ ID NO:2)(BT-100),其中“NH”为5'-己胺连接子亚磷酰胺,“idT”为反向的脱氧胸苷,“mN”为含2'-O-甲基的残基。
在一些实施方案中,VWF适配体是包含以下结构的适配体或其盐:PEG40K-NH-mGmCmCmAmGmGmGmAmCmCmUmAmAmGmAmCmAmCmAmUmGmUmCmCmCmUmGmGmC-idT(SEQ ID NO:3)(BT-200),其中“NH”为5'-己胺连接子亚磷酰胺,“idT”为反向的脱氧胸苷,“mN”为含2'-O-甲基的残基且“PEG”为聚乙二醇及PEG40K为分子量大约40KDa的聚乙二醇化部分。应理解的是,PEG部分是任选存在,但如果存在则可具有不同大小。
在一些实施方案中,提供逆转剂(reversal agent)。
根据本发明,“逆转剂”为改变、减轻或逆转VWF保护剂的效应者。在一些实施方案中,逆转剂是基于核酸的。在一些实施方案中,逆转剂为竞争性结合分子。在一些实施方案中,逆转剂结合VWF保护剂。在一些实施方案中,逆转剂与VWF保护剂的一部分杂交。在基于核酸的VWF保护剂例如适配体的情形下,逆转剂可与保护适配体的全部、一部分、一区域杂交。逆转剂可包含本文所述的任何或所有修饰。实例如图2所示。
在一些实施方案中,逆转剂包含序列5’-ACAUGUGUCUUAGGUCCCUGGC-3’(SEQ IDNO:4)的至少15个连续核苷酸。在一些实施方案中,逆转剂包含SEQ ID NO:4的至少12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20或21个连续核苷酸。
在一些实施方案中,逆转剂包含与SEQ ID NO:1互补或结合的至少12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20或21个连续核苷酸。
在一些实施方案中,与SEQ ID NO:1互补或结合的至少12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20或21个连续核苷酸可经化学修饰。在一些实施方案中,至少一个核苷酸含有至少一个化学修饰。在一些实施方案中,每个核苷酸均含有至少一个化学修饰。作为非限制性实例,化学修饰可为对核苷酸糖的2'-O-甲基修饰。另外,与SEQ ID NO:1互补或结合的至少12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20或21个连续核苷酸可进一步包含3’端帽。在一个实施方案中,该3’端帽可为反向(inverted)的脱氧胸苷。
在一些实施方案中,逆转剂为BT-201,其具有序列5’mAmCmAmUmGmUmGmUmCmUmUmAmGmGmUmCmCmCmUmGmGmC-idT 3’(SEQ ID NO:5),其中“idT”为反向的脱氧胸苷,“mN”为含2'-O-甲基的残基。
在一些实施方案中,VWF适配体可包含序列PEG40K-NH-mGmGmGmAmCmCmUmAmAmGmAmCmAmCmAmUmGmUmCmCmC-idT(ARC15105)(SEQ ID NO:6)或PEG20K-NH-mGmCmGmUdGdCdAmGmUmGmCmCmUmUmCmGmGmCdCmGsdTmGdCdGdGdTmGmCdCmUdCdCmGmUdCmAmCmGmCidT(ARC1779)(SEQ ID NO:7),其中“NH”为5'-己胺连接子亚磷酰胺,“idT”为反向的脱氧胸苷,“mN”为含2'-O-甲基的残基,“dN”为脱氧核苷酸残基,“sdT”为硫代磷酸酯脱氧胸苷残基且“PEG”为聚乙二醇及PEG20K为分子量大约20KDa的聚乙二醇化部分。
在一些实施方案中,VWF适配体在治疗VAD疾病的方法中使用时,可包含序列PEG40K-NH-mGmGmGmAmCmCmUmAmAmGmAmCmAmCmAmUmGmUmCmCmC-idT(ARC15105)(SEQ ID NO:6)或PEG20K-NH-mGmCmGmUdGdCdAmGmUmGmCmCmUmUmCmGmGmCdCmGsdTmGdCdGdGdTmGmCdCmUdCdCmGmUdCmAmCmGmCidT(ARC1779)(SEQ ID NO:7),其中“NH”为5'-己胺连接子亚磷酰胺,“idT”为反向的脱氧胸苷,“mN”为含2'-O-甲基的残基,“dN”为脱氧核苷酸残基,“sdT”为硫代磷酸酯脱氧胸苷残基,“PEG”为聚乙二醇以及PEG20K为分子量大约20KDa的聚乙二醇化部分。
在一些实施方案中,BT-200保存BT-100的一或多种特征和/或性质。在其他实施方案中,相较于BT-100,BT-200具有一或多种增进或改变的特征和/或性质。在一个方面,BT-200具有比BT-100更长的血浆半衰期。在另一方面,BT-200具有比BT-100更长的作用持续时间。
在一些实施方案中,BT-200保存ARC15105或ARC1779的一或多种特征和/或性质。在一些实施方案中,相较于ARC15105或ARC1779,BT-200具有一或多种增进或改变的特征和/或性质。在一个方面,BT-200具有比ARC15105或ARC1779更长的血浆半衰期。在另一方面,BT-200具有比ARC15105或ARC1779更长的作用持续时间。在另一方面,BT-200具有更高的皮下生物利用率。在另一方面,相较于作为VWF保护剂的ARC15105或ARC1779,BT-200具有更大的效力。
VWF保护剂的变异
本发明涉及作基于核酸的包括变异体与衍生物的数种类型VWF保护剂。这些包括置换、插入、删除与共价的变异体与衍生物。因此,于本发明范围的内包括含置换、插入和/或添加、删除与共价修饰的VWF保护剂。
“衍生物”一词与“变异体”一词同义使用,是指相对于参考分子或起始分子已以任何方式修饰或改变的分子。
“多核苷酸变异体”一词是指其核酸序列与参考序列不同的分子。相较于参考序列,核酸序列变异体可于核酸序列内特定位置具有置换、删除和/或插入。通常,变异体将具有与参考序列至少约50%的同一性(同源性),且优选为它们与参考序列至少约80%,更以下为至少约90%完全相同(同源)。
在一些实施方案中,提供“变异体模拟物”。本文所用的“变异体模拟物”一词为含有模拟参考序列的一或多个核酸者。本发明VWF保护剂的核酸序列可包含天然存在的核酸。替代地,VWF保护剂可包含天然与非天然存在的核酸。
通常,变异体将具有与参考序列至少约70%的同源性,且优选它们与参考序列至少约80%,更佳为至少约90%同源。
“同源性”应用于核酸序列时是界定为候选序列中残基与第二序列序列中的残基于序列比对与引入间隙后(需要时为了达到最大百分比同源性)完全相同的百分比。用于序列排比的方法与计算机程序为本领域已知。一般了解,同源性取决于百分比同一性的计算,但由于计算中引入间隙与罚值,其数值可能不同。
“类似物”一词意欲包含分别区别在于一或多个核酸改变(例如,仍维持亲本多肽或多核苷酸性质的残基置换、添加或删除)的多核苷酸变异体。
“置换的变异体”为已于起始序列中移除至少一个核苷(或核苷酸)且于相同位置处插入不同核苷(或核苷酸)者。置换可为单个,于分子中只有一个核苷(或核苷酸)被取代,或者可为多个,于同一分子中有两个或两个以上核苷(或核苷酸)被取代。
“插入的变异体”是于起始序列中紧邻核苷(或核苷酸)特定位置处嵌入一或多个核苷(或核苷酸)的变异体。“紧邻”核苷(或核苷酸)意指直接于多核苷酸的核苷或核苷酸的5’或3’。
“删除的变异体”是起始序列中一或多个核苷(或核苷酸)被移除者。通常,删除的变异体于该分子的特定区域有一或多个核苷(或核苷酸)被删除。
共价修饰传统上是经由使该分子的标靶核苷(或核苷酸)残基与能和所选择原子或残基反应的有机衍化剂反应而引入。此类修饰属于本领域常规技术范围内,无需过度实验即可完成。
共价衍生物具体而言包括融合分子,其中本发明核酸与非蛋白质聚合物共价键合。非蛋白质聚合物通常为亲水性合成聚合物,即,于自然界中未发现的聚合物。然而,于自然界中存在且经由重组或体外方法产生的聚合物,和从自然界分离的聚合物同样有用。亲水性聚乙烯聚合物属本发明范围内,例如聚乙烯醇与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。特别有用者为聚乙烯基烯烃醚,例如聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇。VWF保护剂可以美国专利案编号4,640,835;4,496,689;4,301,144;4,670,417;4,791,192或4,179,337(其全部内容均通过引用并入本文)中所提出的方式与各种非蛋白质聚合物(例如聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚氧烯烃)连接。
“特征”是界定为分子的基于不同核苷(或核苷酸)序列的组分。本发明VWF保护剂的特征包括表面征象(surface manifestation)、局部构形(local conformationalshape)、折叠、环、半环、结构域、半结构域、位点、末端或其任何组合。
本文所用的“表面征象”一词是指出现于最外表面上的多核苷酸组分。
本文所用的“局部构形”一词意指位于多核苷酸的可界定空间内的结构征象。
本文所用的“折叠”一词意指在能量最小化时所产生的核苷(或核苷酸)序列的构象。折叠可于折叠过程的第二或第三水平发生。
本文所用的“转角”一词意指改变多核苷酸骨架方向的弯曲,且可能涉及一个、两个、三个或三个以上的核苷(或核苷酸)残基。
本文所用的“环”一词是指多核苷酸的结构特征,其逆转序列的骨架方向且包含四个或四个以上的核苷(或核苷酸)残基。
本文所用的“结构域”一词是指具有作为分子相互作用位点的一或多个可识别结构或功能性特征或性质(例如结合能力)的多核苷酸的基序。
本文所用“位点”一词在基于核苷(或核苷酸)的实施方案中与“核酸残基”同义使用。位点表示于本发明基于多核苷酸的分子内可被修饰、操作、改变、衍生化或修改的多核苷酸内的位置。
本文所用的“末端”是指多核苷酸的末端。此类末端不仅限于多核苷酸的第一或最末位点,亦可包括在末端区域的额外的核苷(或核苷酸)。本发明的基于多核苷酸的分子的特征在于可具有5’末端与3’末端二者。
一旦任一特征已被鉴定为或定义为本发明分子的组分,即可经由移动、交换、反向、删除、随机化或重复化对这些特征进行数种操作和/或修饰的任一者。再者,据了解,特征的操作可导致与对本发明分子的修饰相同的结果。举例而言,涉及删除结构域的操作可能导致分子长度变化,正如修饰核酸以编码小于全长分子一样。
修饰与操作可利用本领域已知的方法完成,例如定位突变。然后所产生的经修饰分子可使用体外或体内测定法,例如本文中所述或本领域已知的任何其他适当筛选测定法测试其活性。
同位素变异
本发明的VWF保护剂可含一或多个同位素原子。本文所用的“同位素”一词是指具有一或多个额外中子的化学元素。在一个实施方案中,本发明的化合物可氘化。本文所用的“氘化”一词是指具有一或多个氢原子被氘同位素替换的物质。氘同位素为氢的同位素。氢原子核含一个质子,而氘原子核含质子与中子二者。VWF保护剂可氘化以改变化合物的物理特性(例如稳定性),或容许所述化合物于诊断与实验应用中使用。
轭合物与组合物
本发明包括本发明的VWF保护剂可与一种或多种同源分子或异源分子复合、共轭结合或组合。本文所用的“同源分子”意指相对于起始分子在结构或功能至少一者方面类似的分子,而“异源分子”则为相对于起始分子在结构或功能至少一者方面不同者。因此结构同源物为实质上结构类似的分子;它们可完全相同。功能同源物为实质上功能类似的分子,它们可完全相同。
本发明的VWF保护剂可包含轭合物。本发明的此类轭合物可包括天然存在的物质或配体,例如蛋白质(例如,人类血清白蛋白(HSA)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、或球蛋白);碳水化合物(例如,葡聚糖、聚三葡萄糖、几丁质、壳聚糖、菊糖、环糊精或透明质酸);或脂质。配体亦可为重组或合成分子,例如合成聚合物,例如,合成的聚氨基酸、寡核苷酸(例如适配体)。聚氨基酸的实例包括聚氨基酸为聚赖氨酸(PLL)、聚L-天冬氨酸、聚L-谷氨酸、苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物、聚(L-丙交酯-共-乙交酯)共聚物、二乙烯醚-马来酸酐共聚物、N-(2-羟丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺共聚物(HMPA)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚胺酯、聚(2-乙基丙烯酸)、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺聚合物或聚膦嗪(polyphosphazine)。多胺的实例包括:聚乙烯亚胺、聚赖氨酸(PLL)、精胺、亚精胺、多胺、伪肽-多胺、拟肽多胺、树枝状聚合物多胺、精氨酸、脒、鱼精蛋白、阳离子脂质、阳离子卟啉、多胺季盐或α螺旋肽。
本发明的VWF保护剂可经设计以共轭结合其他多核苷酸、染料、嵌入剂(例如吖啶类)、交联剂(例如补骨脂素、丝裂霉素C)、卟啉类(TPPC4、德卟啉(texaphyrin)、Sapphyrin)、报导分子、多环芳族烃(例如,吩嗪、二氢吩嗪)、人工内切核酸酶类(例如EDTA)、烷化剂、磷酸盐(酯)、氨基、巯基、PEG(例如,PEG-40K)、MPEG、[MPEG]2、聚氨基、烷基、取代的烷基、放射性标记的标志、酶、半抗原类(例如生物素)、转运/吸收促进剂(例如,阿司匹林、维生素E、叶酸)、合成的核糖核酸酶、蛋白质例如糖蛋白、或肽例如对共配体具特异亲和力的分子、或抗体例如结合于特定细胞类型例如癌细胞、内皮细胞或骨细胞的抗体、激素与激素受体、非肽类物质例如脂质、凝集素、碳水化合物、维生素、辅因子、或药物。
轭合物亦可包括靶向基团,例如,细胞或组织靶向剂或基团,例如,凝集素、糖蛋白、脂质或蛋白质例如结合定细胞类型如肾细胞的抗体。靶向基团可为促甲状腺激素、促黑细胞激素、凝集素、糖蛋白、表面活性蛋白A、黏蛋白碳水化合物、多价乳糖、多价半乳糖、N-乙酰基-半乳糖胺、N-乙酰基-葡萄糖胺、多价甘露糖、多价海藻糖、糖基化的聚氨基酸、多价半乳糖、转铁蛋白、双磷酸盐、聚谷氨酸、聚天冬氨酸、脂质、胆固醇、类固醇、胆汁酸、叶酸盐、维生素B12、生物素、RGD肽、RGD肽模拟物或适配体。
靶向基团可为蛋白质例如糖蛋白、或肽例如对共配体具特异亲和力的分子、或抗体例如结合于特定细胞类型例如癌细胞、内皮细胞或骨细胞的抗体。靶向基团亦可包括激素与激素受体。它们亦可包括非肽类物质,例如脂质、凝集素、碳水化合物、维生素、辅因子、多价乳糖、多价半乳糖、N-乙酰基-半乳糖胺、N-乙酰基-葡萄糖胺、多价甘露糖、多价海藻糖或适配体。
靶向基团可为能靶向特定受体的任何配体。实例包括,但不限于,叶酸盐、GalNAc、半乳糖、甘露糖、甘露糖-6P、适配体、整合素受体配体、趋化因子受体配体、转铁蛋白、生物素、血清素受体配体、PSMA、内皮素、GCPII、生长抑素、LDL和HDL配体。于特定实施方案中,靶向基团为适配体。该适配体可未经修饰或具有本文公开的任何修饰的组合。
在其他实施方案中,VWF保护剂共价共轭结合细胞渗透性多肽。细胞渗透性肽亦可包括信号序列。本发明的轭合物可经设计以增加稳定性、增加细胞转染和/或改变生物分布(例如,靶向特定的组织或细胞类型)。
本发明VWF保护剂可经设计以共轭结合任何数量的轭合物。一非限制性实例为,轭合物可为高分子量非免疫源性化合物。
可添加共轭结合部分于VWF保护剂,使其得以将VWF加标记或标旗以供清除用。此类标记/标旗分子包括,但不限于泛蛋白、荧光分子、人类流感血球凝集素(HA)、c-myc[具序列EQKLISEEDL(SEQ ID NO:10)的人类原致癌基因myc的10个氨基酸片段]、组氨酸(His)、flag[序列DYKDDDDK(SEQ ID NO:11)的短肽]、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)、V5(猿猴病毒5表位的副黏病毒)、生物素、抗生物素蛋白、链霉抗生物素蛋白、辣根过氧化酶(HRP)与地高辛。
在一些实施方案中,VWF保护剂可与治疗疾患或病症中的其他VWF保护剂或其他分子组合。
VWF保护剂可与一或多种其他治疗剂、预防剂、诊断剂或显像剂组合使用。“组合”并非意指暗示所述制剂必须同时给予和/或调配以供一起递送,然而这些递送方法亦在本公开内容范围内。组合物可与一或多种其他所需疗法或医疗程序同时、之前或之后施用。通常,每种药剂将以针对该药剂确定的剂量和/或时间表施用。在一些实施方案中,本公开内容涵盖医药、预防、诊断、或成像组合物组合可增进其生物利用率、减少和/或修饰其代谢、抑制其分泌、和/或修饰其于体内分布等制剂的递送。
在一些实施方案中,该组合可包括治疗剂例如细胞毒素、放射性离子、化学治疗剂或其他治疗剂。细胞毒素或细胞毒性剂包括可能对细胞有害的任何制剂。所述实例包括,但不限于,紫杉醇、细胞松弛素B、短杆菌肽D、溴化乙锭、吐根碱、丝裂霉素、依托泊苷、替尼泊苷、长春新碱、长春花碱、秋水仙碱、多柔比星、柔红霉素、二羟基蒽二酮(dihydroxyanthracinedione)、米托蒽醌、光神霉素、放线菌素D、1-脱氢睪酮、糖皮质激素、普鲁卡因、丁卡因、利多卡因、心得安、嘌呤霉素、类美登素类例如美登醇(参见美国专利案编号5,208,020,其全部通过引用并入本文)、拉奇霉素(CC-1065,参见美国专利案编号5,475,092、5,585,499和5,846,545;其全部内容通过引用并入本文)、及其类似物或同系物。放射性离子包括,但不限于碘(例如,碘125或碘131)、锶89、磷、钯、铯、铱、磷酸盐、钴、钇90、钐153与镨。其他治疗剂包括,但不限于,抗代谢物(例如,氨甲蝶呤、6-巯基嘌呤、6-硫鸟嘌呤、阿糖胞苷、5-氟尿嘧啶达卡巴嗪(5-fluorouracil decarbazine))、烷化剂[例如、二氯甲基二乙胺、噻替派苯丁酸氮芥、雷查霉素(CC-1065)、美法仑、卡氮芥(BSNU)、罗氮芥(CCNU)、环磷酰胺、白消安、二溴甘露糖、链脲霉素、丝裂霉素C和顺式-二氯二胺铂(II)(DDP)顺铂)、蒽环霉素类(例如,柔红霉素(前称柔红霉素)与多柔比星)、抗生素(例如,更生菌素(前称放线菌素)、博莱霉素、光辉霉素与安曲霉素(AMC))及抗有丝分裂剂(例如,长春新碱、长春花碱、紫杉醇和美登木素生物碱)。
在一些实施方案中,组合物可包括可检测剂,例如各种有机小分子、无机化合物、纳米粒子、酶或酶底物、荧光物质、发光物质(例如,鲁米诺)、生物发光物质(例如,荧光素酶、荧光素和水母发光蛋白)、化学发光物质、放射性物质(例如,18F、67Ga、81mKr、82Rb、111In、123I、133Xe、201Tl、125I、35S、14C、3H、或99mTc(例如,作为高锝酸盐(technetate(VII),TcO4 -))),与造影剂)例如,金(例如,金纳米粒子)、钆(例如,螯合的Gd)、铁氧化物(例如,超顺磁氧化铁(SPIO)、单晶氧化铁纳米粒子(MION)和超小超顺磁氧化铁(USPIO))、锰螯合物(例如,Mn-DPDP)、硫酸钡、碘化的造影物(碘海醇)、微泡或全氟化碳类)。这种光学可检测标记包括例如,但不限于,4-乙酰氨基-4’-异硫氰基茋-2,2’-二磺酸;吖啶与衍生物(例如,吖啶与吖啶异硫氰酸酯);5-(2’-氨基乙基)氨基萘-1-磺酸(EDANS);4-氨基-N-[3-乙烯基磺酰基)苯基]萘二甲酰亚胺-3,5二磺酸酯;N-(4-苯胺基-l-萘基)马来酰亚胺;邻氨基苯甲酰胺;BODIPY;Brilliant Yellow;香豆素与衍生物(例如,香豆素、7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素(AMC,香豆素120)和7-氨基-4-三氟甲基香豆素(香豆素151));花氰染料;四氯四溴荧光素(cyanosine);4’,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI);5’,5”-二溴邻苯三酚-磺基萘(Bromopyrogallol Red);7-二乙基氨基-3-(4’-异硫氰酸基苯基)-4-甲基香豆素;二乙烯三胺五乙酸酯;4,4’-二异硫氰酸基二氢-二苯乙烯-2,2’-二磺酸;4,4’-二异硫氰酸基二苯乙烯-2,2’-二磺酸;5-[二甲基氨基]-萘-1-磺酰氯(DNS,丹磺酰氯);4-二甲氨基苯基偶氮苯基-4’-异硫氰酸酯(DABITC);曙红与衍生物(例如,曙红与曙红异硫氰酸酯);赤藓红与衍生物(例如,赤藓红B与原藻红异硫氰酸酯);乙锭;荧光素与衍生物[例如,5-羧基荧光素(FAM)、5-(4,6-二氯三嗪-2-基)氨基荧光素(DTAF)、2’,7’-二甲氧基-4’5’-二氯-6-羧基荧光素、荧光素、荧光素异硫氰酸酯、X-若丹明-5-(与-6)-异硫氰酸酯(QFITC或XRITC)和荧光胺];2-[2-[3-[[1,3-二氢-1,1-二甲基-3-(3-磺丙基)-2H-苯并[e]吲哚-2-亚基]亚乙基]-2-[4-(乙氧羰基)-1-哌嗪基]-1-环戊烯-1-基]乙烯基]-1,1-二甲基-3-(3-磺丙基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚鎓氢氧化物、内盐、具N,N-二乙基乙胺(1:1)的化合物(IR144);5-氯-2-[2-[3-[(5-氯-3-乙基-2(3H)-苯并噻唑-亚基)亚乙基]-2-(二苯基氨基)-1-环戊烯-1-基]乙烯基]-3-乙基苯并噻唑鎓高氯酸盐(IR140);孔雀石绿异硫氰酸酯;4-甲基伞形酮邻甲酚酞;硝基酪胺酸;副蔷薇苯胺;酚红;B-藻红蛋白;邻苯二甲醛;芘与衍生物(例如,芘、丁酸芘和琥珀酰亚胺基1-芘);丁酸盐量子点;Reactive Red 4(CIBACRONTM Brilliant Red 3B-A);若丹明与衍生物(例如,6-羧基-X-若丹明(ROX)、6-羧基若丹明(R6G)、丽丝胺若丹明B磺酰氯若丹明(Rhod)、若丹明B、若丹明123、若丹明X异硫氰酸酯、磺酰若丹明B、磺酰若丹明101、硫若丹明101的磺酰氯衍生物(Texas Red)、N,N,N’,N’四甲基-6-羧基若丹明(TAMRA)、四甲基若丹明和四甲基若丹明异硫氰酸酯TRITC));核黄素;玫红酸;铽螯合衍生物;花青素-3(Cy3);花青素-5(Cy5);花青素-5.5(Cy5.5)、花青素-7(Cy7);IRD 700;IRD 800;Alexa647;La Jolta Blue;酞菁;与萘菁。
在一些实施方案中,可检测剂可为活化后成为可检测的不可检测前体(例如,荧光四嗪-荧光团建构体(例如,四嗪-BODIPY FL、四嗪-Oregon Green 488、或四嗪-BODIPYTMR-X)或酶可活化的荧光剂(例如,(VisEn Medical))。可使用酶标记组合物的活体外测定法包括,但不限于,酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISAs)、免疫沉淀测定法、免疫荧光、酶免疫测定法(EIA)、放射免疫测定法(RIA)和蛋白印迹分析。
II.本发明的目标:VWF单体或多聚体
本发明提供结合于血管性血友病因子(VWF)单体或多聚体的适配体(其本身为单体或多聚体)。这些适配体于本文中称为“VWF适配体”。如上文所述,VWF适配体可为基于核酸或基于氨基酸的。
在一些实施方案中,VWF保护剂的靶标为VWF蛋白质或蛋白质多聚体。在一些实施方案中,VWF保护剂可经设计以和蛋白质或本身与VWF蛋白质连接的其他生物分子结合或连接。
本文提供的智人血管性血友病因子mRNA为SEQ ID NO:8(NM_000552;8833nt)及蛋白质为SEQ ID NO:9(NP_000543;2813氨基酸)。
人类VWF mRNA序列显示于此:>gi|89191867|ref|NM_000552.3|智人血管性血友病因子(VWF),mRNA:
AGCTCACAGCTATTGTGGTGGGAAAGGGAGGGTGGTTGGTGGATGTCACAGCTTGGGCTTTATCTCCCCCAGCAGTGGGGACTCCACAGCCCCTGGGCTACATAACAGCAAGACAGTCCGGAGCTGTAGCAGACCTGATTGAGCCTTTGCAGCAGCTGAGAGCATGGCCTAGGGTGGGCGGCACCATTGTCCAGCAGCTGAGTTTCCCAGGGACCTTGGAGATAGCCGCAGCCCTCATTTGCAGGGGAAGATGATTCCTGCCAGATTTGCCGGGGTGCTGCTTGCTCTGGCCCTCATTTTGCCAGGGACCCTTTGTGCAGAAGGAACTCGCGGCAGGTCATCCACGGCCCGATGCAGCCTTTTCGGAAGTGACTTCGTCAACACCTTTGATGGGAGCATGTACAGCTTTGCGGGATACTGCAGTTACCTCCTGGCAGGGGGCTGCCAGAAACGCTCCTTCTCGATTATTGGGGACTTCCAGAATGGCAAGAGAGTGAGCCTCTCCGTGTATCTTGGGGAATTTTTTGACATCCATTTGTTTGTCAATGGTACCGTGACACAGGGGGACCAAAGAGTCTCCATGCCCTATGCCTCCAAAGGGCTGTATCTAGAAACTGAGGCTGGGTACTACAAGCTGTCCGGTGAGGCCTATGGCTTTGTGGCCAGGATCGATGGCAGCGGCAACTTTCAAGTCCTGCTGTCAGACAGATACTTCAACAAGACCTGCGGGCTGTGTGGCAACTTTAACATCTTTGCTGAAGATGACTTTATGACCCAAGAAGGGACCTTGACCTCGGACCCTTATGACTTTGCCAACTCATGGGCTCTGAGCAGTGGAGAACAGTGGTGTGAACGGGCATCTCCTCCCAGCAGCTCATGCAACATCTCCTCTGGGGAAATGCAGAAGGGCCTGTGGGAGCAGTGCCAGCTTCTGAAGAGCACCTCGGTGTTTGCCCGCTGCCACCCTCTGGTGGACCCCGAGCCTTTTGTGGCCCTGTGTGAGAAGACTTTGTGTGAGTGTGCTGGGGGGCTGGAGTGCGCCTGCCCTGCCCTCCTGGAGTACGCCCGGACCTGTGCCCAGGAGGGAATGGTGCTGTACGGCTGGACCGACCACAGCGCGTGCAGCCCAGTGTGCCCTGCTGGTATGGAGTATAGGCAGTGTGTGTCCCCTTGCGCCAGGACCTGCCAGAGCCTGCACATCAATGAAATGTGTCAGGAGCGATGCGTGGATGGCTGCAGCTGCCCTGAGGGACAGCTCCTGGATGAAGGCCTCTGCGTGGAGAGCACCGAGTGTCCCTGCGTGCATTCCGGAAAGCGCTACCCTCCCGGCACCTCCCTCTCTCGAGACTGCAACACCTGCATTTGCCGAAACAGCCAGTGGATCTGCAGCAATGAAGAATGTCCAGGGGAGTGCCTTGTCACAGGTCAATCACACTTCAAGAGCTTTGACAACAGATACTTCACCTTCAGTGGGATCTGCCAGTACCTGCTGGCCCGGGATTGCCAGGACCACTCCTTCTCCATTGTCATTGAGACTGTCCAGTGTGCTGATGACCGCGACGCTGTGTGCACCCGCTCCGTCACCGTCCGGCTGCCTGGCCTGCACAACAGCCTTGTGAAACTGAAGCATGGGGCAGGAGTTGCCATGGATGGCCAGGACGTCCAGCTCCCCCTCCTGAAAGGTGACCTCCGCATCCAGCATACAGTGACGGCCTCCGTGCGCCTCAGCTACGGGGAGGACCTGCAGATGGACTGGGATGGCCGCGGGAGGCTGCTGGTGAAGCTGTCCCCCGTCTATGCCGGGAAGACCTGCGGCCTGTGTGGGAATTACAATGGCAACCAGGGCGACGACTTCCTTACCCCCTCTGGGCTGGCGGAGCCCCGGGTGGAGGACTTCGGGAACGCCTGGAAGCTGCACGGGGACTGCCAGGACCTGCAGAAGCAGCACAGCGATCCCTGCGCCCTCAACCCGCGCATGACCAGGTTCTCCGAGGAGGCGTGCGCGGTCCTGACGTCCCCCACATTCGAGGCCTGCCATCGTGCCGTCAGCCCGCTGCCCTACCTGCGGAACTGCCGCTACGACGTGTGCTCCTGCTCGGACGGCCGCGAGTGCCTGTGCGGCGCCCTGGCCAGCTATGCCGCGGCCTGCGCGGGGAGAGGCGTGCGCGTCGCGTGGCGCGAGCCAGGCCGCTGTGAGCTGAACTGCCCGAAAGGCCAGGTGTACCTGCAGTGCGGGACCCCCTGCAACCTGACCTGCCGCTCTCTCTCTTACCCGGATGAGGAATGCAATGAGGCCTGCCTGGAGGGCTGCTTCTGCCCCCCAGGGCTCTACATGGATGAGAGGGGGGACTGCGTGCCCAAGGCCCAGTGCCCCTGTTACTATGACGGTGAGATCTTCCAGCCAGAAGACATCTTCTCAGACCATCACACCATGTGCTACTGTGAGGATGGCTTCATGCACTGTACCATGAGTGGAGTCCCCGGAAGCTTGCTGCCTGACGCTGTCCTCAGCAGTCCCCTGTCTCATCGCAGCAAAAGGAGCCTATCCTGTCGGCCCCCCATGGTCAAGCTGGTGTGTCCCGCTGACAACCTGCGGGCTGAAGGGCTCGAGTGTACCAAAACGTGCCAGAACTATGACCTGGAGTGCATGAGCATGGGCTGTGTCTCTGGCTGCCTCTGCCCCCCGGGCATGGTCCGGCATGAGAACAGATGTGTGGCCCTGGAAAGGTGTCCCTGCTTCCATCAGGGCAAGGAGTATGCCCCTGGAGAAACAGTGAAGATTGGCTGCAACACTTGTGTCTGTCGGGACCGGAAGTGGAACTGCACAGACCATGTGTGTGATGCCACGTGCTCCACGATCGGCATGGCCCACTACCTCACCTTCGACGGGCTCAAATACCTGTTCCCCGGGGAGTGCCAGTACGTTCTGGTGCAGGATTACTGCGGCAGTAACCCTGGGACCTTTCGGATCCTAGTGGGGAATAAGGGATGCAGCCACCCCTCAGTGAAATGCAAGAAACGGGTCACCATCCTGGTGGAGGGAGGAGAGATTGAGCTGTTTGACGGGGAGGTGAATGTGAAGAGGCCCATGAAGGATGAGACTCACTTTGAGGTGGTGGAGTCTGGCCGGTACATCATTCTGCTGCTGGGCAAAGCCCTCTCCGTGGTCTGGGACCGCCACCTGAGCATCTCCGTGGTCCTGAAGCAGACATACCAGGAGAAAGTGTGTGGCCTGTGTGGGAATTTTGATGGCATCCAGAACAATGACCTCACCAGCAGCAACCTCCAAGTGGAGGAAGACCCTGTGGACTTTGGGAACTCCTGGAAAGTGAGCTCGCAGTGTGCTGACACCAGAAAAGTGCCTCTGGACTCATCCCCTGCCACCTGCCATAACAACATCATGAAGCAGACGATGGTGGATTCCTCCTGTAGAATCCTTACCAGTGACGTCTTCCAGGACTGCAACAAGCTGGTGGACCCCGAGCCATATCTGGATGTCTGCATTTACGACACCTGCTCCTGTGAGTCCATTGGGGACTGCGCCTGCTTCTGCGACACCATTGCTGCCTATGCCCACGTGTGTGCCCAGCATGGCAAGGTGGTGACCTGGAGGACGGCCACATTGTGCCCCCAGAGCTGCGAGGAGAGGAATCTCCGGGAGAACGGGTATGAGTGTGAGTGGCGCTATAACAGCTGTGCACCTGCCTGTCAAGTCACGTGTCAGCACCCTGAGCCACTGGCCTGCCCTGTGCAGTGTGTGGAGGGCTGCCATGCCCACTGCCCTCCAGGGAAAATCCTGGATGAGCTTTTGCAGACCTGCGTTGACCCTGAAGACTGTCCAGTGTGTGAGGTGGCTGGCCGGCGTTTTGCCTCAGGAAAGAAAGTCACCTTGAATCCCAGTGACCCTGAGCACTGCCAGATTTGCCACTGTGATGTTGTCAACCTCACCTGTGAAGCCTGCCAGGAGCCGGGAGGCCTGGTGGTGCCTCCCACAGATGCCCCGGTGAGCCCCACCACTCTGTATGTGGAGGACATCTCGGAACCGCCGTTGCACGATTTCTACTGCAGCAGGCTACTGGACCTGGTCTTCCTGCTGGATGGCTCCTCCAGGCTGTCCGAGGCTGAGTTTGAAGTGCTGAAGGCCTTTGTGGTGGACATGATGGAGCGGCTGCGCATCTCCCAGAAGTGGGTCCGCGTGGCCGTGGTGGAGTACCACGACGGCTCCCACGCCTACATCGGGCTCAAGGACCGGAAGCGACCGTCAGAGCTGCGGCGCATTGCCAGCCAGGTGAAGTATGCGGGCAGCCAGGTGGCCTCCACCAGCGAGGTCTTGAAATACACACTGTTCCAAATCTTCAGCAAGATCGACCGCCCTGAAGCCTCCCGCATCACCCTGCTCCTGATGGCCAGCCAGGAGCCCCAACGGATGTCCCGGAACTTTGTCCGCTACGTCCAGGGCCTGAAGAAGAAGAAGGTCATTGTGATCCCGGTGGGCATTGGGCCCCATGCCAACCTCAAGCAGATCCGCCTCATCGAGAAGCAGGCCCCTGAGAACAAGGCCTTCGTGCTGAGCAGTGTGGATGAGCTGGAGCAGCAAAGGGACGAGATCGTTAGCTACCTCTGTGACCTTGCCCCTGAAGCCCCTCCTCCTACTCTGCCCCCCGACATGGCACAAGTCACTGTGGGCCCGGGGCTCTTGGGGGTTTCGACCCTGGGGCCCAAGAGGAACTCCATGGTTCTGGATGTGGCGTTCGTCCTGGAAGGATCGGACAAAATTGGTGAAGCCGACTTCAACAGGAGCAAGGAGTTCATGGAGGAGGTGATTCAGCGGATGGATGTGGGCCAGGACAGCATCCACGTCACGGTGCTGCAGTACTCCTACATGGTGACTGTGGAGTACCCCTTCAGCGAGGCACAGTCCAAAGGGGACATCCTGCAGCGGGTGCGAGAGATCCGCTACCAGGGCGGCAACAGGACCAACACTGGGCTGGCCCTGCGGTACCTCTCTGACCACAGCTTCTTGGTCAGCCAGGGTGACCGGGAGCAGGCGCCCAACCTGGTCTACATGGTCACCGGAAATCCTGCCTCTGATGAGATCAAGAGGCTGCCTGGAGACATCCAGGTGGTGCCCATTGGAGTGGGCCCTAATGCCAACGTGCAGGAGCTGGAGAGGATTGGCTGGCCCAATGCCCCTATCCTCATCCAGGACTTTGAGACGCTCCCCCGAGAGGCTCCTGACCTGGTGCTGCAGAGGTGCTGCTCCGGAGAGGGGCTGCAGATCCCCACCCTCTCCCCTGCACCTGACTGCAGCCAGCCCCTGGACGTGATCCTTCTCCTGGATGGCTCCTCCAGTTTCCCAGCTTCTTATTTTGATGAAATGAAGAGTTTCGCCAAGGCTTTCATTTCAAAAGCCAATATAGGGCCTCGTCTCACTCAGGTGTCAGTGCTGCAGTATGGAAGCATCACCACCATTGACGTGCCATGGAACGTGGTCCCGGAGAAAGCCCATTTGCTGAGCCTTGTGGACGTCATGCAGCGGGAGGGAGGCCCCAGCCAAATCGGGGATGCCTTGGGCTTTGCTGTGCGATACTTGACTTCAGAAATGCATGGTGCCAGGCCGGGAGCCTCAAAGGCGGTGGTCATCCTGGTCACGGACGTCTCTGTGGATTCAGTGGATGCAGCAGCTGATGCCGCCAGGTCCAACAGAGTGACAGTGTTCCCTATTGGAATTGGAGATCGCTACGATGCAGCCCAGCTACGGATCTTGGCAGGCCCAGCAGGCGACTCCAACGTGGTGAAGCTCCAGCGAATCGAAGACCTCCCTACCATGGTCACCTTGGGCAATTCCTTCCTCCACAAACTGTGCTCTGGATTTGTTAGGATTTGCATGGATGAGGATGGGAATGAGAAGAGGCCCGGGGACGTCTGGACCTTGCCAGACCAGTGCCACACCGTGACTTGCCAGCCAGATGGCCAGACCTTGCTGAAGAGTCATCGGGTCAACTGTGACCGGGGGCTGAGGCCTTCGTGCCCTAACAGCCAGTCCCCTGTTAAAGTGGAAGAGACCTGTGGCTGCCGCTGGACCTGCCCCTGCGTGTGCACAGGCAGCTCCACTCGGCACATCGTGACCTTTGATGGGCAGAATTTCAAGCTGACTGGCAGCTGTTCTTATGTCCTATTTCAAAACAAGGAGCAGGACCTGGAGGTGATTCTCCATAATGGTGCCTGCAGCCCTGGAGCAAGGCAGGGCTGCATGAAATCCATCGAGGTGAAGCACAGTGCCCTCTCCGTCGAGCTGCACAGTGACATGGAGGTGACGGTGAATGGGAGACTGGTCTCTGTTCCTTACGTGGGTGGGAACATGGAAGTCAACGTTTATGGTGCCATCATGCATGAGGTCAGATTCAATCACCTTGGTCACATCTTCACATTCACTCCACAAAACAATGAGTTCCAACTGCAGCTCAGCCCCAAGACTTTTGCTTCAAAGACGTATGGTCTGTGTGGGATCTGTGATGAGAACGGAGCCAATGACTTCATGCTGAGGGATGGCACAGTCACCACAGACTGGAAAACACTTGTTCAGGAATGGACTGTGCAGCGGCCAGGGCAGACGTGCCAGCCCATCCTGGAGGAGCAGTGTCTTGTCCCCGACAGCTCCCACTGCCAGGTCCTCCTCTTACCACTGTTTGCTGAATGCCACAAGGTCCTGGCTCCAGCCACATTCTATGCCATCTGCCAGCAGGACAGTTGCCACCAGGAGCAAGTGTGTGAGGTGATCGCCTCTTATGCCCACCTCTGTCGGACCAACGGGGTCTGCGTTGACTGGAGGACACCTGATTTCTGTGCTATGTCATGCCCACCATCTCTGGTCTACAACCACTGTGAGCATGGCTGTCCCCGGCACTGTGATGGCAACGTGAGCTCCTGTGGGGACCATCCCTCCGAAGGCTGTTTCTGCCCTCCAGATAAAGTCATGTTGGAAGGCAGCTGTGTCCCTGAAGAGGCCTGCACTCAGTGCATTGGTGAGGATGGAGTCCAGCACCAGTTCCTGGAAGCCTGGGTCCCGGACCACCAGCCCTGTCAGATCTGCACATGCCTCAGCGGGCGGAAGGTCAACTGCACAACGCAGCCCTGCCCCACGGCCAAAGCTCCCACGTGTGGCCTGTGTGAAGTAGCCCGCCTCCGCCAGAATGCAGACCAGTGCTGCCCCGAGTATGAGTGTGTGTGTGACCCAGTGAGCTGTGACCTGCCCCCAGTGCCTCACTGTGAACGTGGCCTCCAGCCCACACTGACCAACCCTGGCGAGTGCAGACCCAACTTCACCTGCGCCTGCAGGAAGGAGGAGTGCAAAAGAGTGTCCCCACCCTCCTGCCCCCCGCACCGTTTGCCCACCCTTCGGAAGACCCAGTGCTGTGATGAGTATGAGTGTGCCTGCAACTGTGTCAACTCCACAGTGAGCTGTCCCCTTGGGTACTTGGCCTCAACTGCCACCAATGACTGTGGCTGTACCACAACCACCTGCCTTCCCGACAAGGTGTGTGTCCACCGAAGCACCATCTACCCTGTGGGCCAGTTCTGGGAGGAGGGCTGCGATGTGTGCACCTGCACCGACATGGAGGATGCCGTGATGGGCCTCCGCGTGGCCCAGTGCTCCCAGAAGCCCTGTGAGGACAGCTGTCGGTCGGGCTTCACTTACGTTCTGCATGAAGGCGAGTGCTGTGGAAGGTGCCTGCCATCTGCCTGTGAGGTGGTGACTGGCTCACCGCGGGGGGACTCCCAGTCTTCCTGGAAGAGTGTCGGCTCCCAGTGGGCCTCCCCGGAGAACCCCTGCCTCATCAATGAGTGTGTCCGAGTGAAGGAGGAGGTCTTTATACAACAAAGGAACGTCTCCTGCCCCCAGCTGGAGGTCCCTGTCTGCCCCTCGGGCTTTCAGCTGAGCTGTAAGACCTCAGCGTGCTGCCCAAGCTGTCGCTGTGAGCGCATGGAGGCCTGCATGCTCAATGGCACTGTCATTGGGCCCGGGAAGACTGTGATGATCGATGTGTGCACGACCTGCCGCTGCATGGTGCAGGTGGGGGTCATCTCTGGATTCAAGCTGGAGTGCAGGAAGACCACCTGCAACCCCTGCCCCCTGGGTTACAAGGAAGAAAATAACACAGGTGAATGTTGTGGGAGATGTTTGCCTACGGCTTGCACCATTCAGCTAAGAGGAGGACAGATCATGACACTGAAGCGTGATGAGACGCTCCAGGATGGCTGTGATACTCACTTCTGCAAGGTCAATGAGAGAGGAGAGTACTTCTGGGAGAAGAGGGTCACAGGCTGCCCACCCTTTGATGAACACAAGTGTCTGGCTGAGGGAGGTAAAATTATGAAAATTCCAGGCACCTGCTGTGACACATGTGAGGAGCCTGAGTGCAACGACATCACTGCCAGGCTGCAGTATGTCAAGGTGGGAAGCTGTAAGTCTGAAGTAGAGGTGGATATCCACTACTGCCAGGGCAAATGTGCCAGCAAAGCCATGTACTCCATTGACATCAACGATGTGCAGGACCAGTGCTCCTGCTGCTCTCCGACACGGACGGAGCCCATGCAGGTGGCCCTGCACTGCACCAATGGCTCTGTTGTGTACCATGAGGTTCTCAATGCCATGGAGTGCAAATGCTCCCCCAGGAAGTGCAGCAAGTGAGGCTGCTGCAGCTGCATGGGTGCCTGCTGCTGCCTGCCTTGGCCTGATGGCCAGGCCAGAGTGCTGCCAGTCCTCTGCATGTTCTGCTCTTGTGCCCTTCTGAGCCCACAATAAAGGCTGAGCTCTTATCTTGCAAAAGGC(SEQ ID NO:8)。应注意的是,在本mRNA中,尿嘧啶(Uridine)以胸腺嘧啶表示。
蛋白质序列显示于此:>gi|89191868|ref|NP_000543.2|血管性血友病因子前蛋白质原[智人]。
MIPARFAGVLLALALILPGTLCAEGTRGRSSTARCSLFGSDFVNTFDGSMYSFAGYCSYLLAGGCQKRSFSIIGDFQNGKRVSLSVYLGEFFDIHLFVNGTVTQGDQRVSMPYASKGLYLETEAGYYKLSGEAYGFVARIDGSGNFQVLLSDRYFNKTCGLCGNFNIFAEDDFMTQEGTLTSDPYDFANSWALSSGEQWCERASPPSSSCNISSGEMQKGLWEQCQLLKSTSVFARCHPLVDPEPFVALCEKTLCECAGGLECACPALLEYARTCAQEGMVLYGWTDHSACSPVCPAGMEYRQCVSPCARTCQSLHINEMCQERCVDGCSCPEGQLLDEGLCVESTECPCVHSGKRYPPGTSLSRDCNTCICRNSQWICSNEECPGECLVTGQSHFKSFDNRYFTFSGICQYLLARDCQDHSFSIVIETVQCADDRDAVCTRSVTVRLPGLHNSLVKLKHGAGVAMDGQDVQLPLLKGDLRIQHTVTASVRLSYGEDLQMDWDGRGRLLVKLSPVYAGKTCGLCGNYNGNQGDDFLTPSGLAEPRVEDFGNAWKLHGDCQDLQKQHSDPCALNPRMTRFSEEACAVLTSPTFEACHRAVSPLPYLRNCRYDVCSCSDGRECLCGALASYAAACAGRGVRVAWREPGRCELNCPKGQVYLQCGTPCNLTCRSLSYPDEECNEACLEGCFCPPGLYMDERGDCVPKAQCPCYYDGEIFQPEDIFSDHHTMCYCEDGFMHCTMSGVPGSLLPDAVLSSPLSHRSKRSLSCRPPMVKLVCPADNLRAEGLECTKTCQNYDLECMSMGCVSGCLCPPGMVRHENRCVALERCPCFHQGKEYAPGETVKIGCNTCVCRDRKWNCTDHVCDATCSTIGMAHYLTFDGLKYLFPGECQYVLVQDYCGSNPGTFRILVGNKGCSHPSVKCKKRVTILVEGGEIELFDGEVNVKRPMKDETHFEVVESGRYIILLLGKALSVVWDRHLSISVVLKQTYQEKVCGLCGNFDGIQNNDLTSSNLQVEEDPVDFGNSWKVSSQCADTRKVPLDSSPATCHNNIMKQTMVDSSCRILTSDVFQDCNKLVDPEPYLDVCIYDTCSCESIGDCACFCDTIAAYAHVCAQHGKVVTWRTATLCPQSCEERNLRENGYECEWRYNSCAPACQVTCQHPEPLACPVQCVEGCHAHCPPGKILDELLQTCVDPEDCPVCEVAGRRFASGKKVTLNPSDPEHCQICHCDVVNLTCEACQEPGGLVVPPTDAPVSPTTLYVEDISEPPLHDFYCSRLLDLVFLLDGSSRLSEAEFEVLKAFVVDMMERLRISQKWVRVAVVEYHDGSHAYIGLKDRKRPSELRRIASQVKYAGSQVASTSEVLKYTLFQIFSKIDRPEASRITLLLMASQEPQRMSRNFVRYVQGLKKKKVIVIPVGIGPHANLKQIRLIEKQAPENKAFVLSSVDELEQQRDEIVSYLCDLAPEAPPPTLPPDMAQVTVGPGLLGVSTLGPKRNSMVLDVAFVLEGSDKIGEADFNRSKEFMEEVIQRMDVGQDSIHVTVLQYSYMVTVEYPFSEAQSKGDILQRVREIRYQGGNRTNTGLALRYLSDHSFLVSQGDREQAPNLVYMVTGNPASDEIKRLPGDIQVVPIGVGPNANVQELERIGWPNAPILIQDFETLPREAPDLVLQRCCSGEGLQIPTLSPAPDCSQPLDVILLLDGSSSFPASYFDEMKSFAKAFISKANIGPRLTQVSVLQYGSITTIDVPWNVVPEKAHLLSLVDVMQREGGPSQIGDALGFAVRYLTSEMHGARPGASKAVVILVTDVSVDSVDAAADAARSNRVTVFPIGIGDRYDAAQLRILAGPAGDSNVVKLQRIEDLPTMVTLGNSFLHKLCSGFVRICMDEDGNEKRPGDVWTLPDQCHTVTCQPDGQTLLKSHRVNCDRGLRPSCPNSQSPVKVEETCGCRWTCPCVCTGSSTRHIVTFDGQNFKLTGSCSYVLFQNKEQDLEVILHNGACSPGARQGCMKSIEVKHSALSVELHSDMEVTVNGRLVSVPYVGGNMEVNVYGAIMHEVRFNHLGHIFTFTPQNNEFQLQLSPKTFASKTYGLCGICDENGANDFMLRDGTVTTDWKTLVQEWTVQRPGQTCQPILEEQCLVPDSSHCQVLLLPLFAECHKVLAPATFYAICQQDSCHQEQVCEVIASYAHLCRTNGVCVDWRTPDFCAMSCPPSLVYNHCEHGCPRHCDGNVSSCGDHPSEGCFCPPDKVMLEGSCVPEEACTQCIGEDGVQHQFLEAWVPDHQPCQICTCLSGRKVNCTTQPCPTAKAPTCGLCEVARLRQNADQCCPEYECVCDPVSCDLPPVPHCERGLQPTLTNPGECRPNFTCACRKEECKRVSPPSCPPHRLPTLRKTQCCDEYECACNCVNSTVSCPLGYLASTATNDCGCTTTTCLPDKVCVHRSTIYPVGQFWEEGCDVCTCTDMEDAVMGLRVAQCSQKPCEDSCRSGFTYVLHEGECCGRCLPSACEVVTGSPRGDSQSSWKSVGSQWASPENPCLINECVRVKEEVFIQQRNVSCPQLEVPVCPSGFQLSCKTSACCPSCRCERMEACMLNGTVIGPGKTVMIDVCTTCRCMVQVGVISGFKLECRKTTCNPCPLGYKEENNTGECCGRCLPTACTIQLRGGQIMTLKRDETLQDGCDTHFCKVNERGEYFWEKRVTGCPPFDEHKCLAEGGKIMKIPGTCCDTCEEPECNDITARLQYVKVGSCKSEVEVDIHYCQGKCASKAMYSIDINDVQDQCSCCSPTRTEPMQVALHCTNGSVVYHEVLNAMECKCSPRKCSK.(SEQ ID NO:9)。
应理解的是,VWF蛋白全部或任何片段(5个氨基酸至全长)可用于产生如本文所述的VWF保护剂。SEQ ID NO:9的突变形式或变异体亦可用于设计VWF保护剂。
不希望受理论束缚下,根据本发明的VWF保护剂可经由部分或完全封阻VWF结合血小板或红血球的能力,而完全或部分抑制VWF单体或多聚体的降解。相较于不存在VWF保护剂下的完整单体或多聚体的水平,单体或至少2种单体的多聚体的保护水平为至少95%,例如96%、97%、98%、99%或100%时,该VWF适配体被视为完全抑制VWF的降解。
相较于不存在VWF保护剂下的完整单体或多聚体的水平,单体或至少2种单体的多聚体的保护水平为至少10%、20%、25%、30%、40%、50%、60%、75%、80%、85%或90%时,该VWF适配体被视为部分抑制VWF的降解。
在其他实施方案中,其中个体的至少一个血管被闭塞性血栓部分(至少50%)堵塞或完全堵塞,VWF保护剂可经由部分或完全封阻VWF结合血小板的能力而完全或部分崩解闭塞性血栓。相较于不存在VWF保护剂的闭塞性血栓的水平,闭塞性血栓为至少95%崩解,例如95%、96%、97%、98%、99%或100%崩解时,该VWF适配体被视为完全崩解闭塞性血栓。
相较于不存在VWF保护剂的闭塞性血栓的水平,闭塞性血栓为至少10%、20%、25%、30%、40%、50%、60%、75%、80%、85%或90%崩解时,该VWF适配体被视为部分崩解闭塞性血栓。
为核酸适配体的VWF保护剂可包含人类血管性血友病因子结构域A1或其变异体解离常数为小于100μM、小于1μM、小于500nM、小于100nM,优选为50nM或更小、优选为10nM或更小、优选为5nM或更小、优选为1nM或更小、及更优选为500pM或更小。
III.VWF保护剂:疗法
适配体具有一些用于治疗的期望特征,包括对分子标靶的高特异性与亲和力、生物效力和优异的药代动力学性质;此外,其提供超过其他生物制剂的特异竞争性优点,例如:
速度与控制:适配体可经由完全体外方法产生。体外筛选容许严格控制适配体的特异性与亲和力,且容许产生针对毒性与非免疫原性标靶的先导物(lead)。适配体亦可合成产生,无论是经由化学合成(例如固相合成)或是使用聚合酶(例如T7RNA聚合酶)的酶合成。
毒性与免疫原性:适配体已证明几乎没有或无毒性或免疫原性。此类免疫原性可通过沉默或改善此类免疫反应的化学修饰进一步控制。此类修饰教示于国际公告案PCT/US2012/058519,其全部内容均通过引用并入本文。
给药:虽然目前所有被批准的抗体疗法皆经由静脉内输注(通常超过2至4小时)给药,但适配体可经由皮下注射或其他途径给予。已经在猴研究中证明适配体经由皮下给药的生物利用率为>80%。在一些实施方案中,相对于静脉内给药,皮下给予VWF保护剂至个体可产生至少约50%、约70%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约98%或约99%的生物利用率。
放大性与成本:适配体为化学或酶合成,因此可容易根据需要放大以满足产生需求。
稳定性:适配体适合在暴露于热、变性剂等后恢复活性,且可长期贮存(>1年)。
组合疗法:本发明的一实施方案包含与用于凝血、出血或与VAD相关疾病的一或多种其他治疗组合使用的本发明的VWF保护剂配制物。在另一实施方案中,VWF保护剂配制物可与用于治疗急性冠状动脉综合征或急性闭塞性血栓症的其他一或多种治疗组合使用,包括例如,但不限于,阿司匹林、血栓溶解剂(即,组织纤维蛋白溶酶原活化剂、阿替普酶(alteplase))、硝化甘油、β阻断剂、血管紧张肽转化酶(ACE)抑制剂、血管紧张肽受体阻断剂(ARB)、Ca2+通道阻断剂、降胆固醇药物(即,组织纤维蛋白溶酶原活化剂(tPA)、阿替普酶)和血块预防药物(即,氯吡格雷(clopidogrel)与普拉格雷(prasugrel))。在另一实施方案中,VWF保护剂配制物可与用于崩解血小板凝集体的一或多种其他治疗组合使用,例如,举例而言,靶向纤维蛋白的血栓溶解治疗及寻求破坏血小板-纤维蛋白相互作用的治疗,即血小板GpIIb/IIIa抑制剂,例如阿昔单抗(abciximab)、依替巴肽(eptifibatide)、替罗非班(tirofiban)。于另一实施方案中,VWF保护剂配制物可与用于治疗缺血性中风的一或多种其他治疗组合使用,例如,举例而言,抗凝剂、血栓溶解剂(tPA、阿替普酶)、抗血小板疗法(例如阿司匹林、达比加群(dabigatran)、氯吡格雷、双嘧达莫(dipyridamole))和杀鼠灵。本发明的VWF保护剂配制物可含有,例如,一种以上的适配体。在一些实施方案中,含有一或多种适配体的本发明VWF保护剂配制物是与另一有用的配制物或药物组合给药。在另一实施方案中,该适配体配制物是与非药物疗法或例如外科治疗方法组合使用。一般而言,目前可用的已知治疗剂的剂型及用于此类组合的非药物疗法的使用是合适的。
“组合疗法”(或“协同治疗”)包括给予本发明VWF保护剂配制物与至少第二种药剂或治疗作为特定治疗方案的一部分,旨在提供得自这些治疗剂或治疗共同作用的有利效应。该组合的有利效应包括,但不限于,由治疗剂或治疗组合产生的药物动力学或药效动力学共同作用。这些治疗剂或治疗的组合给药一般是于既定时间的期间内进行(视所选择组合而定,通常为数分钟、数小时、数天或数周)。
组合疗法可,但通常不是,旨在涵盖两种或两种以上这些治疗剂或治疗的给药,作为独立的单治疗方案的一部分,其偶然且任意地导致本发明的组合。组合疗法旨在包括以连续方式施用这些治疗剂或治疗的,亦即,其中各治疗剂或治疗是于不同时间给予,以及这些治疗剂或治疗或治疗剂或治疗的至少两种是以实质上同步方式给药。举例而言,实质上同步给药可通过给予个体单次注射具有固定比例的各种治疗剂,或以多次单注射各种治疗剂方式完成。
各治疗剂或治疗的连续给药或实质上同步给药可通过任何适当途径实施,其包括但不限于局部途径、口服途径、静脉内途径、皮下、肌内途径和经由黏膜组织直接吸收。治疗剂或治疗可经由相同途径或经由不同途径给予。举例而言,所选择组合的第一种治疗剂或治疗可经由注射给予,而组合的另一种治疗剂或治疗可皮下给予。或者,举例而言,所有治疗剂或治疗可皮下给予或所有治疗剂或治疗可经由注射给予。除非另行指明,否则给予治疗剂或治疗的顺序不具关键性。
组合疗法亦可包括如上所述治疗剂或治疗进一步与其他生物活性成分的组合给药。在组合疗法包括非药物治疗的情况下,非药物治疗可于任何适当时间进行,只要达成治疗剂与非药物治疗组合共同作用的有利效应即可。举例而言,在适当情况下,当非药物治疗从治疗剂的给药中暂时移除时,也许数天或甚至数周,仍可达成有利效应。
药代动力学或药效动力学性质:适配体可经修饰以增进药物动力学或药效动力学性质,例如半衰期和/或作用持续时间。本文所用的“半衰期”或“血浆半衰期”是指从血流中清除所施用的一半适配体量的时间。“作用持续时间”是指适配体有效的时间长度。适配体作用持续时间可取决于数种参数,例如血浆半衰期、给药剂量、医药制备和疾患对药物清除的影响(Carruthers SG.Duration of drug action.Am Fam Physician.1980Feb;21(2):119-26;其全部内容均通过引用并入本文)。适配体的修饰,例如改变茎区,或使适配体结合聚合物(例如PEG),可改变半衰期和/或作用持续时间。
在一些实施方案中,本发明适配体于给予个体后,可具有约20小时至约40小时、约30小时至约50小时、约40小时至约60小时、约50小时至约70小时、约55小时至约75小时、约60小时至约80小时、约70小时至约85小时、约75小时至约90小时、约85至约100小时、或至少100小时的血浆半衰期。
在一些实施方案中,本发明适配体可具有至少8小时、至少16小时、至少24小时、至少36小时、至少48小时、至少72小时、约72小时至约96小时、约90小时至120小时、约110小时至约135小时、约120小时至150小时、约135小时至168小时、约150小时至180小时、约180小时至约210小时、约210小时至约240小时、约240小时至300小时、约300小时至360小时、或至少360小时的作用持续时间。
抗凝血与凝血:在一些实施方案中,本发明适配体不具抗凝剂作用和/或改变凝血功能。本文所用的“抗凝剂”一词是指预防或降低血液凝血、延长凝血时间的化学物质。血液凝固可经由本文中所述及本领域已知的技术与方法测定,例如经活化的部分凝血激酶时间(aPTT)测定法、凝血酶原时间(PT)试验、凝血酶时间试验、纤维蛋白原试验、抗Xa因子测定法、旋转式血栓弹性分析术和凝血酶产生测定法(例,如自动更正的凝血图)。
在一些实施方案中,本发明适配体不延长凝血时间。在一些实施方案中,本发明适配体不延长活化的部分凝血激酶时间。在一些实施方案中,本发明适配体不延长凝血酶原时间。在一些实施方案中,本发明适配体不延长凝血酶时间。在一些实施方案中,本发明适配体不改变纤维蛋白原浓度。在一些实施方案中,本发明适配体不改变凝血酶产生。
IV.配制物、剂量与给药
医药组合物与配制物
本发明的医药组合物至少包含一种VWF保护剂作为活性成分。在一些实施方案中,该组合物适合内服,且单独包含有效量的本发明药物活性化合物或与一或多种医药上可接受的载剂组合。所述化合物特别有用,因其具有非常低的毒性(若有的话)。
可适合本发明医药组合物(特别是基于核酸的组合物)的配制物教示于International Publication WO2013/090648(Application PCT/US2012/069610),其全部内容均通过引用并入本文。
配制物可包含任何量的本发明适配体或其医药上可接受的盐。本文所用的“医药上可接受的盐”是指以抗衡离子制备的活性化合物的盐形式,所述抗衡离子于使用条件下无毒且与稳定的配制物兼容。适配体的医药上可接受盐的实例包括钠盐、盐酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、乙酸盐、延胡素酸盐、马来酸盐与酒石酸盐。配制物可包含与多肽的全长或其变异体或片段结合的任何适配体或适配体的组合。多肽可得自任何物种,但优选为得自人类。
配制物亦包含医药上可接受的溶剂。本文所用的“医药上可接受的溶剂”一词是指与配制物的其他成分兼容且对其接受者无害。医药上可接受的溶剂为本领域悉知。医药上可接受溶剂的实例可见于,举例而言,最新版本的Goodman and Gillmans,ThePharmacological Basis of Therapeutic,其全部内容均通过引用并入本文。优选地,医药上可接受的溶剂是选自由0.9%盐水(亦称为生理盐水或无菌等渗盐水溶液)或磷酸盐缓冲盐水组成的组群。优选地,医药上可接受的溶剂为0.9%盐水。
配制物可包含任何量的医药上可接受的溶剂。
配制物的各种实施方案可任选地包括下述一或多种:缓冲剂、pH调整剂、张度剂、共溶剂或医药上可接受的载剂。
在一些实施方案中,配制物可进一步包含缓冲剂。缓冲剂是在添加于溶液时能中和酸与碱而不明显改变溶液酸度或碱度的任何物质。缓冲剂的实例包括,但不限于,乙酸、谷氨酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、苯甲酸、乳酸、组氨酸或其他氨基酸、葡糖酸、磷酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸、甲酸、丙酸与碳酸的医药上可接受的盐与酸。
在一些实施方案中,配制物可进一步包含pH调整剂。pH调整剂是用于调整配制物的pH。适当的pH调整剂通常包括至少一种酸或其盐和/或碱或其盐。可根据需要添加酸与碱以达到期望的pH。举例而言,若pH大于期望的pH,则可使用酸将pH降低至所期望的pH。酸的实例包括,但不限于,盐酸、磷酸、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、乙酸、硫酸、碳酸与硝酸。举另一例而言,若pH小于期望的pH,则可使用碱将pH调整至所期望的pH。碱的实例包括但不限于,氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙、碳酸钠、柠檬酸钠、乙酸钠与氢氧化镁。
在一些实施方案中,配制物可进一步包含张度剂。张度剂是用于调整配制物的渗透压,使其更接近体液(例如血液或血浆)的渗透压。张度剂的实例包括,但不限于,无水或含水形式的氯化钠、右旋糖、蔗糖、木糖醇、果糖、甘油、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、氯化钾、甘露糖、氯化钙、氯化镁与其他无机盐。
在一些实施方案中,配制物可进一步包含共溶剂。共溶剂是以少于水的重量添加至水性配制物中的溶剂,有助于适配体的溶解。共溶剂的实例包括,但不限于,乙二醇类、乙醇与多元醇。
在一些实施方案中,配制物可进一步包含医药上可接受的载剂。本文所用的“医药上可接受的载剂”是指与配制物其他成分兼容且对其接受者无害。医药上可接受的载剂于本领域悉知。医药上可接受载剂的实例可见于,举例而言,最新版本的Goodman andGillmans,The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics。
本文中所述的配制物是稳定的。本文所用的“稳定”一词意指保持于适合给予病患的状态或条件。
配制物优选为实质上纯。本文所用的“实质上纯”意指活性成分(适配体)为存在的主要物质(即,以摩尔计,较组合物中的任何其他个体物质更大量),且优选实质上纯化的级份为其中活性成分占所有存在的大分子物质的至少约50%(以摩尔计)的组合物。通常,实质上纯的组合物将占组合物中存在的所有大分子物质的80%以上,更优选多于85%、90%、95%与99%。最优选地,活性成分经纯化至基本上匀质(以常规检测方法无法检测出组合物中的污染物质),其中组合物基本上是由单一大分子物质组成。
给药剂量
根据本发明的组合物为了容易给药及剂量的均匀性,通常调配为剂量单元形式。然而,一般将了解,本发明组合物的总日剂量可由主治医师在合理的医学判断范围内决定。任何特定患者的特定治疗有效、预防有效或适当成像的剂量将取决于多种因素,包括所治疗疾病与疾病的严重程度;所用特定化合物的活性;所用的特定组合物;病患的年龄、体重、一般健康状况、性别与饮食;所用特定化合物的给药时间、给药途径与排泄率;治疗持续时间;与所用特定化合物组合或一致使用的药物;及医学领域悉知的类似因素等。
在特定实施方案中,本发明的组合物可每天一或多次,以每天足以递送个体体重的约0.0001mg/kg至约100mg/kg、约0.001mg/kg至约0.05mg/kg、约0.005mg/kg至约0.05mg/kg、约0.001mg/kg至约0.005mg/kg、约0.05mg/kg至约0.5mg/kg、约0.01mg/kg至约0.5mg/kg、约0.01mg/kg至约50mg/kg、约0.1mg/kg至约40mg/kg、约0.5mg/kg至约30mg/kg、约0.01mg/kg至约10mg/kg、约0.1mg/kg至约10mg/kg、或约1mg/kg至约25mg/kg的剂量给药,以得到期望的治疗、诊断、预防、或成像效应。所需剂量的递送可以一天三次、一天两次、一天一次、隔天一次、每三天一次、每周一次、每两周一次、每三周一次或每四周一次。在特定实施方案中,所需剂量可使用多次给药(例如,两次、三次、四次、五次、六次、七次、八次、九次、十次、十一次、十二次、十三次、十四次、或更多次给药)递送。
在一些实施方案中,给予总剂量的适配体以达到然后维持稳定状态的血液浓度于等于至少(EC90,导致90%最大反应的药物浓度)。替代地,给予总剂量的适配体以达到然后维持稳定状态的血液浓度于等于至少(EC80,导致80%最大反应的药物浓度)。
总剂量可以单次剂量、多次剂量、重复剂量、呈连续剂量或其组合给药。
在一实例中,配制物是以负荷剂量、维持剂量与锥形剂量(tapered dose)给药。
使用所述化合物的剂量方案是根据多种因素选择的,包括病患的类型、物种、年龄、体重、性别与医疗状况;待治疗症状的严重性;给药途径;病患的肾与肝功能;及所用特定化合物或其盐。一般熟练的医师或兽医可容易地确定及开列预防、抵抗或阻止该病症进展所需的有效量药物。
用于所示效果时,本发明的口服剂量在每天约0.05至1000mg的范围内。组合物优选以含有0.5、1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0、15.0、25.0、50.0、100.0、250.0、500.0与1000.0mg活性成分的刻痕片剂形式提供。本发明化合物的有效血浆量为每天每公斤体重在0.002mg至50mg的范围内。
本发明化合物可以日单剂量给药,或日总剂量可以每天两次、三次或四次的分剂量给药。
本文所述的配制物与剂量可经设计以于治疗由VAD介导的疾患及由VWF多聚体与红血球相互作用(例如于镰状细胞病中VWF多聚体与红血球间发生的相互作用)产生的疾病;以及治疗于血管腔闭合和/或于非常高剪切速率(10,000s-1或更高)下发生的闭塞性血栓形成期间,由VWF单体或多聚体与血小板相互作用产生的疾患与疾病(例如急性冠状动脉综合征、急性闭塞性血栓症和缺血性中风等疾病)中最大化临床功效,同时减少有害副作用或使其最少化,而不需要解毒剂。
给药
本文所述的医药组合物可配制为本文所述的剂型,例如局部、鼻内、气管内或可注射(例如,静脉内、眼内、玻璃体内、肌肉内、心脏内、腹膜内、皮下)。
本文所提供的适配体配制物是以有效预防、改善或治疗血栓性疾病(例如缺血性中风和心室辅助装置相关的疾患或疾病)以及由VWF多聚体与红血球相互作用(例如于镰状细胞病中VWF多聚体与红血球间发生的相互作用)产生的疾病的量给予个体,优选为人类个体。
呈片剂或胶囊(例如,明胶胶囊)形式供口服给药时,活性药物成分可与口服的无毒的医药上可接受的惰性载剂例如乙醇、甘油、水等组合。此外,于期望或需要时,亦可于混合物中并入适当黏合剂、润滑剂、崩解剂与着色剂。适当黏合剂包括淀粉、硅酸镁铝、淀粉糊、明胶、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠和/或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、天然糖类例如葡萄糖或β-乳糖、玉米甜味剂、天然及合成的树胶例如阿拉伯树胶、黄蓍胶或海藻酸钠、聚乙二醇、蜡等。用于这些剂型的润滑剂包括油酸钠、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸镁,苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠、氯化钠、二氧化硅、滑石、硬脂酸、其镁盐或钙盐和/或聚乙二醇等。崩解剂包括,但不限于,淀粉、甲基纤维素、琼脂、膨润土、黄原胶淀粉、琼脂、海藻酸或其钠盐、或泡腾混合物等。稀释剂包括,例如,乳糖、右旋糖、蔗糖、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、纤维素和/或甘氨酸。
本发明化合物亦可呈定时释放与持续释放片剂或胶囊、丸剂、粉剂、粒剂、酏剂、酊剂、悬浮液、糖浆与乳液以此种口服剂型给药。
可注射组合物优选为水性等渗溶液或悬浮液,栓剂是有利地由脂肪乳剂或悬浮液制备。所述组合物可经灭菌和/或含有佐剂例如防腐剂、稳定剂、润湿剂或乳化剂、溶液促进剂、调节渗透压的盐和/或缓冲剂;此外,亦可含有其他具治疗价值的物质。所述组合物分别是根据常规混合、制粒或涂覆方法制备,含有约0.1至75%,优选为约1至50%的活性成分。
液体,特别是可注射的组合物可以,例如通过溶解、分散等制备。将活性化合物溶解于医药上纯的溶剂中或与医药上纯的溶剂混合(例如水、盐水、水性右旋糖、甘油、乙醇等溶剂),从而形成可注射溶液或悬浮液。另外,可于注射前调配制适合溶于液体中的固体形式。可注射组合物优选为水性等渗溶液或悬浮液。所述组合物可灭菌和/或含有佐剂例如防腐剂、稳定剂、润湿剂或乳化剂、溶液促进剂、调节渗透压的盐和/或缓冲剂;此外,亦可含有其他具治疗价值的物质。
本发明化合物可呈静脉内(推注与输注二者)、腹膜内、皮下或肌内形式给药,全部使用医药领域技术人员熟知的形式。注射剂可以常规形式制备,或者为液体溶液或悬浮液。特别是,可以下述方法将本发明物质递送至眼腔。此外,本发明物质可如下述以本领域已知的形式给予个体。
胃肠外可注射给药通常用于皮下、肌内或静脉内注射和输注。另外,根据美国专利第3,710,795号(通过引用并入本文),一种用于胃肠外给药的方法使用植入缓释或持续释放系统,确保维持恒定的剂量水平。
再者,本发明的优选化合物可以鼻内形式给药,经由局部使用适当的鼻内载体,或经由透皮途径,使用本领域技术人员熟知的透皮皮肤贴片形式。为了以透皮递送系统形式给药,当然,于整个剂量方案中,剂量给药必须为持续性而非间歇性。其他优选的局部制剂包括霜剂、软膏、洗剂、气溶胶喷雾剂与凝胶,其中活性成分的浓度范围为0.1%至15%w/w或w/v。
对于固体组合物,可使用赋形剂包括医药级的甘露糖、乳糖、淀粉、硬脂酸镁、糖精钠、滑石、纤维素、葡萄糖、蔗糖、碳酸镁等。上文界定的活性化合物亦可使用例如聚烯烃二醇(例如丙二醇)作为载剂配制为栓剂。在一些实施方案中,栓剂有利地由脂肪乳剂或悬浮液制备。
本发明的化合物亦可呈脂质体递送系统形式(例如小单层囊泡,大单层囊泡与多层囊泡)给药。脂质体可由包括胆固醇、硬脂酰胺或磷脂酰胆碱的多种磷脂类形成。
本发明的化合物亦可与作为可标向药物载剂的可溶性聚合物偶联。此类聚合物可包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、吡喃共聚物、多羟苯基-甲基丙烯酰胺-苯酚、多羟乙基天冬酰胺苯酚、或经棕榈酰残基取代的聚环氧乙烷聚赖氨酸。再者,本发明化合物可与可用于达成药物控制释放的可生物降崩解合物类(例如聚乳酸、聚ε-己内酯、多羟基丁酸、聚原酸酯类、聚缩醛类、聚二氢吡喃类、聚氰基丙烯酸酯类及水凝胶类的交联或两亲性嵌段共聚物)偶联。
需要时,欲施用的医药组合物亦可含有少量无毒辅助物质,例如润湿剂或乳化剂、pH缓冲剂及其他物质例如乙酸钠、油酸三乙醇胺等。
所述配制物可组合其他药物或疗法给药。
生物利用率
本文所用的“生物利用率”一词是指给予个体既定量VWF保护剂的全身可用性。生物利用率可利用测量化合物给予个体后,未改变形式的该化合物曲线下面积(AUC)或最大血清或血浆浓度(Cmax)予以评估。AUC是测定以化合物血清或血浆浓度为纵坐标(Y轴),时间为横坐标(X轴)作图的曲线下面积。通常,可使用利用技术人员已知的方法(例如,见述于G.S.Banker,Modern Pharmaceutics,Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences,v.72,Marcel Dekker,New York,Inc.,1996;其全部内容均通过引用并入本文)计算特定化合物的AUC。Cmax值乃给予个体化合物后,该化合物于个体血清或血浆中达到的最大浓度。特定化合物的Cmax值可使用本领域技术人员已知的方法测量。
在一些实施方案中,本发明VWF保护剂与如本文所述的递送/配制试剂或载体一起配制为组合物,以增加生物利用率。本文所用的“增加生物利用率”或“增进药代动力学性质”词组意指,以如本文所述的递送剂共同给药时,相较于未进行此类共同给药,于个体中以AUC、Cmax、或Cmin测得的VWF保护剂全身可用性更高。在一些实施方案中,该VWF保护剂的生物利用率可增加至少约2%、至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、至少约55%、至少约60%、至少约65%、至少约70%、至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、或约100%。
V.试剂盒、装置与包装
试剂盒与装置
本发明的VWF保护剂化合物和组合物可与其他成分或试剂组合或制备为试剂盒的组分或其他零售产品供商业销售或分销用。
该试剂盒将含有化合物或组合物,以及关于试剂盒的施用和/或用途的说明。该试剂盒亦可含有下列一或多种:注射器,静脉袋或静脉瓶,不同剂型的相同药物或另一药物。例如,试剂盒可含本发明的静脉配制物与皮下配制物二者。或者,该试剂盒可含有冻干的抗凝血酶适配体和静脉溶液袋。当单独的成分必须以不同的剂型(即,胃肠外和口服)给药或以不同的剂量间隔给药时,试剂盒形式特别有利。
优选地,使试剂盒于5±3℃储存。试剂盒亦可于室温或于-20℃下冷冻储存。
为VWF保护剂的本发明组合物可以与一或多个治疗装置结合使用。此类装置包括血管辅助装置(VAD)、支架或用于调节或管理血液动力学流动(例如,与血液流到组织或器官有关)的任何装置。VWF保护剂可作为固体表面上的涂层或作为辅助疗法用,其中医药组合物在使用用于调控或管理血液动力学流动的装置之前、期间或之后以固体或液体形式添加。举例而言,VWF适配体可调配制为于外科手术程序(例如移植,血管成形术和和支架插入)期间,或于长期护理(例如具有植入的内部VAD或LVAD装置的患者)期间,添加至血液或血浆流中。
包装
本发明VWF保护剂的配制物和/或组合物可使用任何医药上可接受的容器封闭物包装,用于各种医药上可接受的容器中,因为所述配制物与含PVC及不含PVC的容器与容器封闭物相容。医药上可接受的容器的实例包括,但不限于,安瓿、预填充注射器,静脉袋、静脉瓶与混合袋。举例而言,该配制物可为含有抗凝血酶适配体与医药上可接受的溶剂二者的水性制剂。
或者,配制物可于混合袋的一隔室中含有冻干的适配体,并于混合袋的独立隔室中含有医药上可接受的溶剂,从而两个隔室可于给予病患前混合在一起。医药上可接受的容器是本领域悉知且为市售可得。优选地,配制物储存于具有丁基橡胶塞的第一型玻璃瓶中。液体形式的配制物必须储存于冷藏环境中。优选地,将液态配制物储存于2-8℃。或者,冻干的配制物可储存于室温,或者冷藏或冷冻。
优选地,配制物为无菌。本文所用的“无菌”配制物意指已经达到无菌状态且其后未暴露于微生物污染的配制物,即,容纳无菌组合物的容器未受到损害。无菌组合物通常由医药制造商根据美国食品药物管理局现行的Good Manufacturing Practice(“cGMP”)规定制备。
将医药配制物装填于医药上可接受容器中的程序以及随后的处理为本领域已知。这些程序可用以产生卫生保健经常需要的无菌医药产品。参见,例如,Center for DrugEvaluation and Research(CDER)and Center for Veterinary Medicine(CVM),“Guidance for Industry for the Submission Documentation for SterilizationProcess Validation in Applications for Human and Veterinary Drug Products”(November 1994)。用于产生无菌医药产物的适当程序的实例包括,但不限于,终端湿热灭菌、环氧乙烷、辐射(即,γ与电子束)和无菌处理技术。任一这些灭菌程序皆可用以产生本文所述的无菌医药配制物。
在一些实施方案中,无菌医药配制物可使用无菌处理技术制备。无菌通过使用无菌材料和受控的工作环境予以维持。装填前,使所有容器与装置进行灭菌,优选利用加热灭菌法。然后,于无菌条件下填充容器,例如使组合物通过滤器并填充单元。因此,可以将配制物无菌装填至容器中以避免最终灭菌的热应力。
在一些实施方案中,使用湿热法进行配制物的最终灭菌。最终灭菌可用以毁坏含有医药配制物的最终密封容器内的所有活微生物。高压灭菌釜通常用以于医药产物的最终包装中完成其终端加热灭菌。制药工业中,达成最终产物的最终灭菌的一般高压釜循环为于121℃持续至少10分钟。
等同物与范围
本领域技术人员使用不超过常规试验都将知晓或者能够确定本文所述的根据本发明特定实施方案的许多等同物。本发明范围不拟受限于以上叙述,而是如随附权利要求书中所述。
除非另有说明或从上下文中明显可见,否则例如“a”、“an”与“the”等冠词可意指一个或多于一个。除非另有说明或从上下文中明显可见,否则如果群组中的一个、多于一个或所有成员在特定产品或程序中存在、被使用或以其他方式相关,则群组中一或多个成员间包含“或”的权利要求或叙述被认为是满足的。本发明包含其中群组正好一个成员在特定产品或程序中存在、被使用或以其他方式相关的实施方案。本发明包含其中群组多于一个或所有成员在特定产品或程序中存在、被使用或以其他方式相关的实施方案。
尚应注意的是,“包含”一词拟意指开放且容许但不要求包括额外的组件或步骤。在本文中使用“包含”一词时,亦涵盖和公开了“由......组成”一词。
给予范围时,包含端点。再者,应理解的是,除非另行指示或者本领域技术人员从上下文与理解明显可见,否则表示为范围的值可认为是本发明不同实施方案中所述范围内的特定值或子范围,至该范围下限单位的十分之一(除非上下文另行明确规定)。
使用“约”一词时,被理解为显示引用值的+/-10%。
此外,应理解的是,落入现有技术的本发明任何特定实施方案可明确地从权利要求书的任一或多项中排除。由于此类实施方案被认为是本领域技术人员已知的,因此即使于本文中未明确地阐明排除,亦可将其排除。本发明组合物的任何特定实施方案(例如,任何核酸、任何制造方法、任何使用方法等)基于任何理由,无论是否与现有技术的存在相关,均可从权利要求的任一或多项中排除。
所有引用的来源,例如,参考物、出版物、数据库、数据库通路以及本文引用的技术,即使未于该引文中明确说明,亦均并入本申请案中以供参考。在引用来源与本申请案陈述冲突的情况下,将由本申请案的陈述操控。
章节与表的标题不拟构成限制。
实施例
实施例1.核酸适配体的制备
使用标准亚磷酰胺固相化学法,于Oligopilot(Amersham PharmaciaBiotech,Piscataway,NJ)上合成核酸适配体。亚磷酰胺类得自Hongene BiotechnologyLimited,Shanghai,P.R.China。合成BT-100(SEQ ID NO:2),通过六个碳连接子使游离氨基连接至5’端。
为了制备BT-200(SEQ ID NO:3),先经由阴离子交换与超滤法纯化BT-100,然后以10mg/ml浓度溶于100mM碳酸氢钠缓冲液(pH 8.0)。接着以BT-100对NHS活化的支链40K-PEG为1:2的摩尔比,使经纯化的BT-100与NHS活化的支链40K-PEG(目录编号Y-NHS-40K,JenKemTechnology USA Inc,Plano,TX)混合。于室温使反应进行过夜。然后经由阴离子交换与超滤法纯化生成物,以去除未共轭结合的40K-PEG与BT-100,获得BT-200。
如Siller-Matula JM,Merhi Y,Tanguay JF et al.ARC15105 Is a PotentAntagonist of Von Willebrand Factor Mediated Platelet Activation andAdhesion.Arteriosclerosis,Thrombosis与Vascular Biology 2012;32(4):902-909中先前所述(其全部内容均通过引用并入本文)制备ARC15105(经聚乙二醇化)(SEQ ID NO:6)。
预期合成的BT-100或BT-200溶于基于水的缓冲液时自然形成茎环结构(如图1所示)。此经由例如Mfold等数个二级结构预测模型证实。
实施例2.血管辅助装置(VAD)循环分析:VWF多聚体
将人志愿者捐赠的血液分成二个等分样品,从而容许除了个体间的比较外还进行个体内的比较的两个体外循环可平行进行。
使用左心室辅助装置与具血液入口与出口的硅树脂配管建立体外体外循环。使泵速度在每分钟1800与3500转(rpm)之间变化,并将循环血液量调至每分钟大约5升,相当于人的正常生理环境。使抗凝结血液在体外循环中循环1至4小时。
使平行LVAD循环进行2小时,每个循环最少使用两个样品(基线之后2小时)。于37℃进行循环。数据示于图3。
如先前所述分析血管性血友病因子多聚体(Jilma-Stohlawetz P,et al.,Theanti-von Willebrand factor aptamer ARC1779 increases von Willebrand factorlevels and platelet counts in patients with type 2B von Willebranddisease.Thromb Haemost.2012 Aug;108(2):284-90;其全部内容均通过引用并入本文)。
VWF多聚体的定量是利用十二烷基硫酸钠-琼脂糖不连续凝胶(1.2%)电泳法然后是蛋白印迹法并随后以冷光影像分析仪(LAS-3000,Raytest GmbH,Berlin,Germany)定量进行(Reiter RA,et al.,Changes in ADAMTS13(von-Willebrand-factor-cleavingprotease)activity after induced release of von Willebrand factor during acutesystemic inflammation.Thromb Haemost.2005 Mar;93(3):554-8;其全部内容均通过引用并入本文)。
使用AIDA影像分析仪软件4.11版进行最后分析。
在图中,第1道与第10道为正常血浆(George King Bio-Medical Inc.)。
凝胶的密度分析显示,6mer的减少相当于24.9单位至5.3或3.3单位的减少或减少整体的87%。
在BT-100(未经聚乙二醇化)与ARC15105(经聚乙二醇化的分子)间的直接比较中,ARC15105(经聚乙二醇化)情形下凝胶密度相较于基线从23减少至5(减少78%;比较第9道与第8道),使用BT-100情形下则从12.6减少至11.5(减少8%;比较第7道与第6道),这表明BT-100能保存92%的高分子量多聚体结构。
在第二位志愿者中,相较于基线,ARC15105(经聚乙二醇化)凝胶上的密度从10.0减少至3.6(减少64%,比较第5道与第4道),使用BT-100情形下则从13.8减少至10.8(减少22%;比较第3道与第2道)。由这些数据显见,BT-100能减弱HMW(高分子量)VWF类的损失。
摘述
离体的体外循环确立了BT-100在患有左心室辅助器(LVAD)与VWF缺陷综合征的病患中的潜在治疗作用的概念性验证。体外循环中的血液循环诱发VWF:RCo的迅速下降并减少了VWF的高分子量多聚体,类似于LVAD植入人体时发生的病理事件。
在凝胶中可看见多达14至15mer,其被高剪切应力减少最多6-7mer至8mer。BT-100显著减弱了高分子量多聚体的这种损失,然而等摩尔浓度的ARC15105不会减少多聚体的最大损失。
实施例3.血管性血友病瑞斯托菌素(Ristocetin)辅因子[vWF:RCo]测定法
血管性血友病瑞斯托菌素辅因子[vWF:RCo]测定法是测量病患血浆在抗生素瑞斯托菌素存在下凝集血小板的能力。瑞斯托菌素诱发凝集的速率与血浆血管性血友病因子的浓度和功能活性有关。
利用浊度测定法测定37℃时VWF瑞斯托菌素辅因子活性[VWF:RCo;主要终点(primary endpoint)]的血浆活性。
在添加活化试剂(瑞斯托菌素)前约10分钟,使血浆与BT-100或ARC15105(经聚乙二醇化)于37℃一起预培育。然后进行该测定法[BC von Willebrand试剂;Dade Behring/Siemens,Marburg,Germany)(Reiter RA,et al.,Desmopressin antagonizes the invitro platelet dysfunction induced by GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors and aspirin.Blood2003;102:4594–4599;其全部内容均通过引用并入本文)。
在第二个实验中,在新一代阻抗凝集测定仪(Multiplate Analyzer;Dynabyte)上,使用多电极凝集测定法(MEA)测定全血聚集(Derhaschnig U,Jilma B.Assessment ofplatelets and the endothelium in patients presenting with acute coronarysyndromes--is there a future?Thromb Haemost 2009;102:1144–1148;其全部内容均通过引用并入本文)。
在测试光析管中,该系统检测由于血小板在两个独立电极组表面上的黏附与凝集引起的电阻抗变化。凝集曲线下面积(AUC)表示测量期间(AU×min)的凝集反应,其可预测病患的不良结果与甚至出血(Sibbing D,et al.,Antiplatelet effects of clopidogreland bleeding in patients undergoing coronary stent placement.J Thromb Haemost2010;8:250–256;与Siller-Matula JM et al.,Cross validation of the MultipleElectrode Aggregometry.A prospective trial in healthy volunteers.ThrombHaemost 2009;102:397–403;其全部内容各自通过引用并入本文)。
可利用容许检测不同受体/信号传递路径(花生四烯酸[AA]、凝血酶受体、ADP受体、胶原蛋白受体、糖蛋白Ib-IX)在血小板活化中的作用的一些特定Multiplate测试试剂(ASPItest、COLtest、TRAPtest、ADPtest、RISTOtest)。
如厂商所推荐,全血以水蛭素(200U/ml,Dynabyte)抗凝结,并于室温(22℃)贮存30min。之后,37℃下,使0.9%NaCl与经水蛭素抗凝结的血液的1:2混合物于测试光析管中搅拌3min。添加活化试剂(瑞斯托菌素)之前约10分钟,使全血与BT-100或ARC15105(经聚乙二醇化)于37℃一起预培育。其后,添加瑞斯托菌素(0.77mg/ml)于独立的样品以建立浓度-效应曲线。持续记录电阻抗的增加6min。两个独立测定的平均值以凝集追踪的AUC表示。MEA仪器容许两种方式表示AUC:任意凝集单位(AU×min)或单位(U)。十个AU×min相当于1U。遵循厂商的现行建议与许多最近研究,以U测量AUC并将血小板凝集以相较于基线值的相对增加或减少表示。数据如表1与2中所示。
数据显示,两种适配体(BT-100与ARC15105(经聚乙二醇化))皆抑制血管性血友病因子瑞斯托菌素辅因子的活性。在等摩尔浓度下,BT-100在动脉阻断情况前后皆展现抑制VWF:RCo的更大效力。
表1:多板分析
表2:剂量比较
*数据便是凝集曲线下面积
瑞斯托菌素在全血中诱发的血小板凝集中,浓度25-50nM的BT-100产生90%抑制,而ARC15105(经聚乙二醇化)则需要达16倍高的浓度才达到90%抑制(p<0.05)。令人惊讶地,这些数据明确证明BT-100优于ARC15105。
BT-100与ARC15105间的比较显示,BT-100的效力高出达25倍,整体平均为10倍(比较治疗栏A与C及B与D)。
实施例4.血小板功能分析仪(PFA-100)
在高剪切速率(5,000–6,000s-1)下,使用PFA-100(Dade Behring,Marburg,Germany)测量血小板功能。将4.5毫升血液样品收集入含3.8%柠檬酸钠(血液:柠檬酸钠比=9:1)的采血管中。PFA-100测量孔洞被血小板栓闭塞所需时间,其被界定为封闭时间(CT)。仪器在恒定真空下,经由毛细管与切入膜中的细微孔洞(147微米),从样品槽吸取血液样品,其导致高剪切诱发的血小板栓形成(Jilma et al.2001)。膜被覆着胶原蛋白/腺苷二磷酸(CADP),其对血管性血友病因子的水平非常敏感。这适用于VWF不足,经由抗VWF适配体对其的阻断以及经由例如去氨加压素或内毒素的VWF(Jilma B.Platelet functionanalyzer(PFA-100):a tool to quantify congenital or acquired plateletdysfunction.J Lab Clin Med 2001;138:152–163;Jilma-Stohlawetz et al.2012;Reiter et al.2003;Homoncik M,Blann AD,Hollenstein U,Pernerstorfer T,EichlerHG,Jilma B.Systemic inflammation increases shear stress-induced platelet plugformation measured by the PFA-100.Br J Haematol.2000 Dec;111(4):1250-2;与Homoncik M,Jilma B,Hergovich N,Stohlawetz P,Panzer S,Speiser W.Monitoring ofaspirin(ASA)pharmacodynamics with the platelet function analyzer PFA-100.Thromb Haemost.2000Feb;83(2):316-21;各者的全部内容均通过引用并入本文)。
由于VWF水平与PFA-100的测量间存在良好的相关性,因此该测试可预测心脏病患未来的血栓性事件(Frossard M,Fuchs I,Leitner JM,et al.Platelet functionpredicts myocardial damage in patients with acute myocardialinfarction.Circulation 2004;110:1392–1397;Fuchs I,Frossard M,Spiel A,etal.Platelet function in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)predictsrecurrent ACS.J Thromb Haemost 2006;4:2547–2552;二者全部内容通过引用并入本文)。
在这个实验中,在37℃使血液样品与增加浓度(1至400nM的范围内)的ARC15105(经聚乙二醇化)或BT-100预培育10min。两种抗VWF适配体皆浓度依赖性地增加PFA-100中胶原蛋白腺苷二磷酸的封闭时间,但相较于BT-100时,ARC15105(经聚乙二醇化)的半最大抑制浓度(IC50)值高3至8倍(p<0.05)。同样地,相较于BT-100时,ARC15105(经聚乙二醇化)的IC100值高2至16倍(p<0.05)。所述数据示于表3至6。
这些实验明确地确定,在等摩尔浓度下,BT-100超越ARC15105(经聚乙二醇化)的优异效力。
表3.PFA结果
PFA 100 | 0nM | 5nM | 10nM | 25nM | 50nM | 100nM |
BT-100 | 139 | 135 | 205 | 301 | 301 | 301 |
ARC15105 | 139 | 94 | 99 | 104 | 128 | 162 |
表4.PFA结果
表5.PFA结果
试验B | |||
剂量 | BT-100 | ARC15105 | 天然 |
0nM | 112 | ||
1nM | 91 | 88 | |
2.5nM | 97 | 103 | |
5nM | ND | ND | |
10nM | 117 | 96 | |
15nM | 226 | 118 | |
20nM | 301 | 100 | |
25nM | 276 | 112 | |
50nM | 301 | 301 | |
100nM | 208 | 236 |
表6.PFA结果
在所述表中,提供各个治疗的封闭时间(以秒计)。经由测量孔洞封闭时间定量凝集,最大阻塞时间为300秒。“天然”是指未经治疗的正常供体样品,其建立分析结果的“正常”参考水平;“ND”意指未测试。
实施例5.破坏GpIb与血管性血友病因子的结合
全自动化GpIb与VWF结合测定法(VWF:Ac;Siemens HealthcareDiagnostics,Marburg,Germany)是基于VWF与重组GpIb的结合,测量病患血浆样品中血管性血友病因子的活性。不同于实施例3中所述的vWF:RCO测定法,由于重组GpIb具有两个功能获得性突变,因此VWF:Ac测定法不需使用瑞斯托菌素。经由浊度测量法的消光增加与增加的VWF结合和凝集相关。Lawrie AS,et al.,A comparative evaluation of a newautomated assay for von Willebrand factor activity.Haemophilia 2013 Mar;19(2):338-342;de Maistre E,et al.,Performance of two new automated assays formeasuring von Willebrand activity:HemosIL AcuStar and Innovance.ThromHaemost.2014(4);其全部内容各自通过引用并入本文。
从人志愿者采集血液样品。于37℃使样品与增加浓度的BT-100或ARC15105一起预培育30分钟。
按照厂商指示,使用VWF活性试剂盒于Sysmex CS2000i-分析仪(Sysmex UK Ltd)上测量VWF:Ac。
如表7所示,高浓度下,两种适配体皆能降低VWF与GpIb的结合活性,但相较于AC15105,BT-100显示增强的效力。
表7.百分(%)结合活性
实施例6.阻断血小板、白血球与红血球和血管性血友病因子的相互作用
在该实施例中,研究VWF适配体阻断血小板、白血球与红血球和从经活化的内皮细胞分泌的血管性血友病因子(VWF)链的相互作用的能力。该实验利用最近所述的体外微细血管系统的人体组件(In vitro microvessels for the study of angiogenesis and thrombosis.Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 2012,109,9342-9347;其全部内容均通过引用并入本文),其证明从经活化的内皮细胞形成非常长、粗的VWF链与束(cables)。根据所施用的剪切应力,这些VWF链能结合血小板与其他血细胞。该实验提供栓塞性微血管病变(例如栓塞性血小板减少性紫瘢病与镰状细胞病)中微血管阻塞的模型,并测试抗VWF适配体干扰这些过程的能力。
实施例7.预防血管发育异常引起的GI出血
在该实验中,研究VWF适配体在体外与体内模型中预防或抑制引起血管发育异常且导致胃肠道出血的血管新生增加的能力。
使VWF适配体与人类脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)接触并评估其抑制血管生成的能力。评估包括血管网络形成、细胞迁移、细胞增殖与黏附。用于这些评估的方法教示于,例如,Starke RD,et al.,Endothelial von Willebrand factor regulatesangiogenesis.Blood,2011,117:1071-80;其全部内容均通过引用并入本文。
为了评估VWF适配体对整个血管生成过程的影响,在基质胶测定法中,使与VWF适配体接触的HUVEC进行体外的管形成,证明VWF适配体干扰网络形成的能力。血管生成的一方面为细胞迁移。使用结合时差显微镜术的刮伤测定法,评估适配体抑制迁移的能力。在该测定法中,评估与适配体接触的HUVEC细胞降低迁移的速度与定向性。血管生成的另一方面为增殖;测量与一或多个VWF适配体接触的HUVEC的降低的增殖,作为相较于未处理对照组的细胞数量减少。血管生成的再一方面为内皮细胞的黏附,其是于黏附测定法中测量。使用市售可得的试剂盒(Invitrogen),通过槽中结合细胞的荧光减少可测量VWF适配体对细胞迁移的抑制作用。
根据述于Starke RD,et al.,Endothelial von Willebrand factor regulatesangiogenesis.Blood,2011,117:1071-80与Ingram DA,et al.,Identification of anovel hierarchy of endothelial progenitor cells using human peripheral andumbilical cord blood.Blood 2004 104:2752-60(各者的全部内容均通过引用并入本文)的方法,从健康个体与血管性血友病疾患(VWD)病患分离衍生自循环祖细胞的EC,称为血液生长内皮细胞(BOEC)。使用BOEC评估VWF适配体对在VWD病患的BOEC中所观察到的增加的血管生成的减少或者挽救的影响,这通过基质测定、迁移、增殖和黏附测定法测量,并且与健康对照组的BOEC相比在VWD病患的BOEC中观察到。
血管生成的小鼠模型(Couffinhal et al.,Mouse models to studyangiogenesis,vasculogenesis and arteriogenesis in the context ofcardiovascular diseases.Frontiers in Bioscience;2009;14:3310-25;其全部内容均通过引用并入本文)包括缺血性模型,例如后肢缺血、心脏缺血与皮肤模型,及非缺血性模型,例如基质胶塞测定法、圆盘测定法、眼睛视网膜与角膜测定法、伤口愈合与卵巢模型。使用这些模型评估VWF适配体递送对体内血管生成的影响。在基质胶塞模型中,小鼠是以单独基质胶或含VWF适配体的基质胶注射,并可使用如述于Couffinhal et al,2009与Starkeet al,2011(各者的全部内容均通过引用并入本文)的模型,评估适配体对基质胶塞中血管形成的影响。
实施例8.预防颅内闭塞性血栓(富含纤维蛋白血块的形成)
使用2个月龄的成年瑞士(Swiss)公小鼠进行实验。每组N=5至8只动物,包括下述组别:对照组-凝血酶(盐水)组与适配体-凝血酶组。将小鼠饲养于12小时光/12小时暗循环的温控室中,食物与水任意取食。以5%异氟烷深度麻醉动物,之后维持于含2.5%异氟烷的70%/30%的N2O/O2混合物中。将导管插入尾静脉以容许盐水或适配体的静脉内给药(200μL)。以1μL纯化鼠类α-凝血酶(约1000NIH单位/mg;Sigma-Aldrich)填充微量吸管。将小鼠安置于立体定位装置中,切开右眼与右耳间的皮肤并缩回颞肌。进行小型颅骨切开术,切除硬脑膜并暴露中大脑动脉(MCA)。注射1μL纯化鼠类α-凝血酶(0.75UI)至MCA管腔中,以于原处诱发血块形成。注射α凝血酶10分钟后,移开吸管以稳定血块。为了诱发血栓溶解,于注射α凝血酶后20分钟,静脉内注射适配体至尾静脉中。对照组于完全相同的条件下,接受相同量的盐水。
脑血流量(CBF)是使用胶黏于MCA区域头骨上的光纤探针(Oxford Optronix),利用雷射都卜勒血流仪测定。于注射α-凝血酶之前(100%基线)及整个实验期间进行CBF的测量。给予适配体或盐水后在1分钟、5分钟、10分钟、15分钟、20分钟、25分钟、30分钟和60分钟,测量适配体存在或不存在下时MCA中的CBF。显示相对于盐水对照组完全闭塞发生于适配体存在的较晚时刻,证明适配体减缓MCA中的阻塞速率。显示在60分钟内不发生完全阻塞,表明适配体防止了闭塞性血栓形成。
此外,使用2D-TOF序列进行核磁共振血管造影术,以测量血液流量(Gaubert etal.,J.Thromb Haemost.,2013;各者的全部内容均通过引用并入本文)。又,在完全闭塞后6小时与24小时,可利用核磁共振造影术(MRI)评估MCA区域中的缺血性脑损伤。MRI是使用表面线圈于Pharmascan 7T/12cm系统上进行,以测定病灶大小,其使用ImageJ软件在T2加权图像上定量。相较于以盐水处理小鼠的病灶大小,适配体处理小鼠病灶大小减少,这指示该适配体可预防或减少闭塞性血栓的形成。
实施例9.预防颅内闭塞性血栓(富含血小板血块的形成)
使用2个月龄的成年瑞士雄性小鼠进行实验,每组N=5至8只动物。以5%异氟烷(Baxter,Paris,France)麻醉小鼠,安置于立体定位装置中,并用含2%异氟烷的N2O/O2的70%/30%混合物维持麻醉长达2小时。经由右眼与耳间的皮肤切口切除咬嚼肌,并于颅顶骨上进行小型颅骨切开术(直径1mm),以暴露右中大脑动脉(MCA)。通过放置一片浸泡于新鲜制备的FeCl3(5%至20%,Sigma Aldrich,Lisle d'Abeau,France)中的WHATMANTM滤纸条在MCA顶部的完整硬脑膜上4分钟,完成血栓诱发。先前的小鼠研究已显示5%FeCl3不能诱发血栓症,而10%FeCl3可诱发局部血栓症(形成剪切速率在10,000s-1以下时所形成的血栓“核心”),20%FeCl3可导致稳定且完全闭塞的血栓(在剪切速率10,000s-1或更高时形成)。MCA区域中的脑血流量(CBF)是利用雷射都卜勒血流仪(Oxford Optronix)测定,其测量探查组织中的血液动向。在MCA阻塞前及整个阻塞、缺血与血栓溶解期间连续测量CBF。阻塞时间界定为施用FeCl3与CBF减少低于基线20%间的时间。
给予小鼠20%的FeCl3以诱发血栓症。大约4至5分钟后(当脑血流量降至基础值的50%以下时,即部分阻塞后),给予小鼠适配体或盐水(对照)。MCA中的CBF(如利用都卜勒血流仪所测量)用以测量适配体存在或不存在下的随时间阻塞的程度(即,于给予适配体或盐水后1分钟、5分钟、10分钟、15分钟、20分钟、25分钟、30分钟和60分钟测量阻塞)。显示相对于盐水对照组,完全闭塞发生于适配体存在的较晚时刻,这证明适配体减缓了MCA中的阻塞速率。60分钟内显示不发生完全阻塞,这指示适配体在血小板黏附期后防止闭塞性血栓形成。
此外,如实施例8所述,进行核磁共振血管造影术。又,如实施例8所述,在完全阻塞后6小时与24小时,使用核磁共振造影术(MRI)评估MCA中的缺血性脑损伤。相较于经盐水处理小鼠的病变大小,经适配体处理小鼠病变大小的减少表明,该适配体防止或减少了血小板黏附期后闭塞性血栓的形成。有用的阳性对照的实例(其可用于实施例8至12的任一者)包括金精三羧酸(“ATA”,20mg/kg;Sigma-Aldrich),其是结合VWF的A1结构域从而防止VWF与血小板GpIbα结合的多羧化化合物,以及防止结合于血小板GpIbα的针对VWF A1结构域的单株抗体或抗体片段,即,单株抗体Xia.B2(2.5mg/kg,Emfret Analytics,Würzburg,Germany)的Fab片段。有用的阴性对照的实例包括GR144053三盐酸盐(“GR”,10mg/kg;R&DSystems,Lille,France)、非肽类GpIIb/IIIa抑制剂、以及针对GpIIb/IIIa的单株抗体或抗体片段,即,单株抗体Leo.H4(2.5mg/kg,Emfret Analytics,Würzburg,Germany)的Fab片段。给药前使ATA与GR溶液通过0.22μm滤器,随后呈快速大剂量(bolus)注射(200μL)。对照IgG(大鼠)可购自Jackson Immunoresearch。根据厂商指示,使用Pierce Fab制备试剂盒(Fisher scientific,Illkirch,France)制备Fab片段。
实施例10.颅内闭塞性血栓的解凝集
GpIbα-VWF相互作用的抑制应解开血栓富含VWF部分中交联血小板的VWF,从而恢复血管通畅性。使用实施例9所述MCA血栓症的小鼠模型,来显示适配体存在下闭塞性血栓的解凝集。如实施例9所述,使用20%FeCl3产生具有完全闭塞性血栓的小鼠。如利用雷射都卜勒血流仪测定MCA中脑血流量(CBF)所测量,于完全阻塞(CBF减少低于基线的20%视为完全阻塞)后10分钟,静脉内给予所述小鼠盐水(对照)或适配体。使用抗VWF与CD41(血小板标记)的荧光标记抗体与MCA的DAPI核染色,进行得自适配体给药后10分钟(例如,完全阻塞后20分钟)予以安乐死的小鼠血栓的免疫组织学分析。相较于对照小鼠,于经适配体处理小鼠的MCA中观察到的较少的VWF与CD41(如利用荧光染色所测量)指示,适配体存在下的血栓解凝集。又,在其他测试小鼠中,可再打开MCA检查,测定适配体处理小鼠对照盐水处理小鼠的血栓大小。有用的阳性对照的实例包括ATA与Xia.B2;有用的阴性对照的实例包括GR144053三盐酸盐与GpIIb/IIIa的单克隆抗体或抗体片段。
实施例11.血管通畅性的修复
使用实施例9所述MCA血栓症小鼠模型显示适配体存在下血管通畅性的修复。如实施例9所述,使用20%FeCl3产生具有完全闭塞性血栓的小鼠。完全阻塞后20分钟,静脉内或皮下给予所述小鼠盐水(对照)或适配体。使用都卜勒血流仪测定MCA中的脑血流量(CBF),观察到相较于盐水处理小鼠,适配体处理的小鼠中CBF增加,这证实了血管通畅性的修复。此外,使用2D-TOF序列进行核磁共振血管造影以测量血液流量,并于阻塞后6小时与24小时,利用核磁共振造影术(MRI)评估MCA区域中的缺血性脑损伤。如实施例9所述进行MRI。相较于盐水处理小鼠的病变大小,适配体处理小鼠的损害大小减少,这表明了血管通畅性的修复。如先前所述,使用FeCl3模型血栓症并通过都卜勒血流仪MRI和免疫组织学分析监测,类似方法可用以测定例如颈动脉的较大动脉中通畅性的修复。
实施例12.于非人灵长类动物中,光化学诱发的栓塞性中大脑动脉阻塞
使用7至13岁龄的成年雄性非人类灵长类动物(NHP,即,食蟹猴、松鼠猴或恒河猴)进行实验。每组N=2至3只动物,包括下述组别:对照(盐水)组与适配体(BT-100)组。将所述NHP饲养于12小时光/12小时暗循环的温控室中,食物与水任意取食。肌内注射10mg/kg氯胺酮盐酸盐轻度麻醉动物,插管并以在30%O2中的0.5%至1.5%异氟烷维持麻醉。持续监测体温并用加热垫维持于37至39℃。将导管插入股静脉中以容许静脉内给予孟加拉玫瑰红、盐水或BT-100适配体。如Maeda M,Moriguchi A,Mihara K,Aoki T,Takamatsu H etal.FK419,a nonpeptide platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist,amelioratesbrain infarction associated with thrombotic focal cerebral ischemia inmonkeys:comparison with tissue plasminogen activator.J Cereb Blood FlowMetab.2005 Jan;25:108-118(其全部内容均通过引用并入本文)中所述,向右侧MCA进行经眶法。进行经眶开颅术,以在保持硬脑膜完整的同时容许右MCA的可视化。然后以绿光(波长540nm)照射该部位10分钟,同时静脉内给予孟加拉玫瑰红6分钟(20mg/kg)。在光照射结束时施加处理(盐水或适配体)。
使用置于MCA上的光纤探针(Oxford Optronix),利用雷射都卜勒血流仪测定脑血流量(CBF)。适配体给药后,在光照射前测量CBF并持续3小时。给予BT-100适配体或盐水后1分钟、5分钟、10分钟、15分钟、20分钟、25分钟、30分钟、60分钟、120分钟与180分钟,在BT-100适配体的存在或不存在下,测量MCA中的CBF。显示相对于盐水对照组,完全闭塞发生于BT-100适配体存在的较晚时刻,这证明了适配体减缓MCA中的阻塞速率。于60分钟内显示不发生完全阻塞表明,适配体防止了闭塞性血栓的形成。显示相对于盐水对照组,BT-100适配体的存在缩短了再灌注期间和/或防止了再灌注后的再阻塞,这显示了BT-100对解凝集闭塞性血栓的能力。
于光栓塞后24小时,诊察非人灵长类动物的神经系统缺损。与盐水处理相比,以BT-100适配体处理的NHP中改善的神经性能提示,闭塞性血栓的解凝集更快速或更有效。
实施例13.用于延长作用持续时间的适配体设计
将适配体优化以改善适配体的一或多种期望的特征或性质。这些特征或性质包括改善结合亲和力、药代动力学或药效动力学性质、热稳定性、效力、或本领域技术人员已知的任何其他特征或性质。
在一个实例中,通过改变茎来优化适配体。茎长可增加或减少。在一个实施方案中,茎长经延伸而更长。茎的双链区可被改变成更短、更长或改变对称性或不对称性。可添加分支至适配体的茎上。
在一个实例中,通过添加或改变一或多个轭合物和/或端帽结构将适配体进行优化。轭合物可为聚乙二醇(PEG)部分或本领域已知的任何其他轭合物或端帽。添加一或多个轭合物于适配体以改善期望的特征或性质。再者,轭合物可以在适配体的5’或3’端。
在一个实例中,通过增加茎的双链区至超过6个碱基对将适配体优化,以增加热稳定性。
可利用本领域已知的任何用于评估期望的特征和/或性质的方法,包括本文中所叙述的那些方法,测试经优化的适配体。优化适配体至少在一种特征和/或性质上应超越等效的但未优化的适配体的表现。
实施例14.优化ARC15105以产生BT-200
优化ARC15105以产生BT-200。优化是改良热稳定性和药代动力学与药效动力学的质,例如半衰期和/或作用持续时间。使ARC15105的双链茎区从5个碱基对双链延长为9个碱基对双链;茎区的延伸增加BT-200的热稳定性并稳定适配体的完整性,从而使其较不易被核酸酶切割而延长适配体的活体内半衰期和/或作用持续时间。BT-200保留40kD PEG。利用本领域已知和/或本文中所述的任何方法测试BT-200的特征和/或性质。在直接比较中,优化的适配体BT-200将优于原始适配体ARC15105。
实施例15.优化BT-100以产生BT-200
优化BT-100以产生BT-200。将40kD PEG共轭结合BT-100的5’端。经由增加适配体的分子质量保护其避开核酸酶,聚乙二醇化改善了例如半衰期和/或作用持续时间等药代动力学与药效动力学性质。利用本领域已知和/或本文中所述的任何方法测试BT-200的特征和/或性质。
实施例16.体外封阻VWF活性测定法(REAADS)
评估BT-200对VWF活性的体内抑制。使用血管性血友病因子活性测试试剂盒(Diapharma,Catalog#:K10826,West Chester,Ohio)测量血浆样品中的功能性VWF。该测定法适用于评估BT-200对VWF活性的抑制。测试试剂盒为酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA),使用纯化的鼠类抗VWF单克隆抗体检测VWF的A1结构域。
从3只食蟹猴(Xishan Zhongke Laboratory Animal Co.,Suzhou,China)抽取全血至含3.2%柠檬酸钠的采血管中(血液:柠檬酸钠比=9:1)。3000rpm下离心分离血浆。在磷酸盐缓冲盐液(PBS)中制备1mg/ml的BT-200储备溶液。将BT-200搀入血浆样品中至最终浓度为10、30、100、300、1000、3000、10000和30000ng/ml。根据厂商指示,于室温下进行REAADS测定法。相对于已根据血浆中因子VIII与血管性血友病因子的第三国际标准(91/666)标准化的校准器,以正常的百分比(%)记录VWF活性。绘制VWF活性对BT-200浓度关系图,以测定IC50值。
体外REAADS测定的结果呈现于表8。数据显示了猴血浆中BT-200对VWF A1结构域活性的剂量依赖性抑制。每只动物所测定的IC50值分别为1618ng/ml(R2=0.998)、1633ng/ml(R2=0.999)和1606ng/ml(R2=0.997)。此研究证实BT-200通过封阻VWF的A1结构域抑制VWF活性。
表8.VWF活性
实施例17.体内封阻VWF活性测定法(REAADS)
进行活体内实验以评估于猴子中BT-200对VWF活性的抑制。针对3只成年食蟹猴分别经由静脉内注射(I.V.)给予3mg/kg BT-200、经由皮下注射(S.C.)给予1mg/kg与3mg/kg的BT-200。在注射后1小时、4小时、8小时、24小时、48小时、96小时、168小时、240小时和336小时,使用REAADS测试试剂盒测定VWF活性。如实施例16所述,进行REAADS测定法,测定VWFA1结构域活性。
REAADS测定法结果呈现于表9。静脉内或皮下给予3mg/kg的剂量时,BT-200对VWF活性的抑制持续超过336小时。S.C.注射1mg/kg剂量时,BT-200封阻VWF活性超过168小时。这些数据显示了体内BT-200与VWF A1结构域间的高亲和力。
表9.VWF活性
实施例18.体外血小板功能分析仪(PFA-200)测定法
如实施例4所述,使用PFA测定法评估BT-200体外抑制VWF活性的能力。利用人类供体血浆样品与食蟹猴血浆样品二者。通过抽取4.5mL全血至含3.2%柠檬酸钠(血液:柠檬酸钠比=9:1)的采血管中,制备血浆样品。在PBS中制备1mg/ml的BT-200储备溶液。将BT-200搀入人类样品中至最终浓度为0.001、0.003、0.01、0.03、0.06、0.1、0.2、0.3、1.0、3.0、10.0与30.0μg/ml。在猴样品中,BT-200浓度调整为0.01、0.1、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0、3.0与10.0μg/ml。于37℃培育15分钟后,以血小板功能分析仪PFA-200(Siemens,Marburg,Germany),通过胶原蛋白/腺苷二磷酸诱发的封闭时间(CADP-CT)测量血小板栓形成。使用正常盐水作为阴性对照。由PFA-200所测量的最大CT为5分钟,且若超过此时间该仪器提供大于300秒的结果。将数据对BT-200浓度绘图,并于GraphPad Prism 5(San Diego,CA)上拟合,以得到半有效剂量(ED50)值。
对于人类样品,数据是收集自就读于中国Suzhou University的14位健康志愿者。分析样品与BT-200一起培育后的封闭时间。变异数分析(ANOVA)结果指示,超过0.2μg/ml的BT-200浓度显著地延长CADP-CT(P<0.01)。BT-200引起CADP-CT的浓度依赖性延长。经计算ED50为0.187μg/ml,其95%置信区间为0.086-0.408μg/ml(R2=0.940)。数据示于表10。
表10.人志愿者的封闭时间
对于猴子样品,数据是收集自16只食蟹猴(Xishan Zhongke Laboratory AnimalCo.(Suzhou,China))。分析样品与BT-200一起培育后的封闭时间。ANOVA结果指示,超过0.6μg/ml的BT-200浓度显著地延长CADP-CT(P<0.01)。BT-200引起CADP-CT的浓度依赖性延长。经计算ED50为0.697μg/ml,其95%置信区间为0.135-3.599μg/ml(R2=0.852)。数据示于表11。
表11.食蟹猴的封闭时间
在两组样品中,BT-200皆引起对VWF活性的浓度依赖性抑制。延长人类或食蟹猴CADP-CT的平均ED50分别为0.158±0.105μg/ml(n=14)与0.576±0.390μg/ml(n=16)。BT-200结合人类VWF的亲和力比猴VWF高3.72倍。
实施例19.体内PFA-200测定法
在食蟹猴中评估BT-200体内抑制VWF的活性。挑选16只成年猴,根据性别与体重分成4个治疗组。猴重介于2.6至3.9kg间,年龄3至5岁。每组包含四只动物,二公二母,各组平均体重约3.2kg。在0.9%盐水中制备BT-200给药溶液至最终浓度为10mg/ml。1至4组分别经由静脉内注射(I.V.)给予3mg/kg BT-200、经由皮下注射(S.C.)给予3.0mg/kg、1.0mg/kg和5.0mg/kg BT-200。注射前30分钟(-30分钟)及注射后1小时、4小时、12小时、24小时、48小时、96小时、168小时和240小时采集血液样品。如先前所述制备血浆样品。样品采集后立即以PFA-200进行CADP-CT测量。
食蟹猴BT-200注射前或注射后的封闭时间分别以平均值±标准偏差(SD)表示(参见表12)。ANOVA结果指示,在注射后1小时,BT-200于全部4组中均显著延长CADP-CT(P<0.01)。体内BT-200对VWF的抑制至少维持240小时。ANOVA结果指示,注射后1小时,4组的CADP-CT无显著差异。此外,这些数据提示BT-200具长半衰期,且BT-200的皮下注射生物利用率与静脉内注射类似。
表12.不同时间点的封闭时间
实施例20.凝血功能
针对与实施例19相同的16只猴子,于注射前30分钟(给药前)及注射后15分钟、1小时、4小时、8小时、24小时、48小时、96小时、168小时与240小时,利用自动凝血计(Stago,France)测定包括活化的部分凝血激酶时间(aPTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)与纤维蛋白原(FIB)的凝血参数。
BT-200在静脉内注射后1小时显著延长aPTT,其维持至48小时。皮下注射BT-200比静脉内注射更慢延长aPTT。ANOVA结果指示,BT-200皮下注射1mg/kg24小时后,aPTT显著延长(P=0.03)且于48小时后倾斜至基线。3mg/kg BT-200皮下注射后8小时,aPTT显著延长(P=0.05)且维持至注射后96小时。注射5mg/kg BT-200时,aPTT于注射后8小时延长并维持至240小时。PT、TT与FIB值于BT-200注射后不改变。所述结果指示,除了aPTT外,BT-200对这些凝血因子没有影响。然而,如实施例21中所说明,aPTT延长为人工因素(artifact)。
表13至16显示不同时间点各组的凝血参数。在表中,aPTT、PT、TT与FIB值是以平均值±SD呈现(n=4);*表示差异很显著(P<0.01);#表示差异显著(0.01<P<0.05)。
表13.活化的部分凝血激酶时间(aPTT)(s)
表14.凝血酶原时间(PT)(s)
表15.凝血酶时间(TT)(s)
表16.纤维蛋白原浓度(g/L)
实施例21.附加的凝血测定法
A.aPTT测定法
由于先前BT-200未显示是抗凝剂,因此不被预期会延长凝血时间。进一步研究实施例20所观察的延长的aPTT。使用aPTT试剂Actin-FS(Siemens,Marburg,Germany)与aPTT-狼疮抗凝剂(LA)(Stago,France),以二氧化硅或鞣花酸作为血块活化剂,重复该aPTT测定。Actin-FS是对VIII、IX和XI因子的轻微减少最灵敏的试剂。结果显示,该假的aPTT效应是试剂特异性(参见表17)。虽然以二氧化硅作为活化剂时aPTT试剂在于BT-200存在下显示增加的aPTT值,但aPTT Actin-FS和鞣花酸在所有BT-200浓度下皆展现相同的aPTT值。
表17.aPTT测定
BT-200浓度(ug/ml) | 0 | 3 | 10 | 30 | 100 | 活化剂 | 制造商 |
aPTT(s) | 40.1 | 48.6 | 65.1 | 77.3 | 83.2 | 二氧化硅 | Stago |
aPTT Actin-FS(s) | 40.9 | 41.1 | 40.9 | 40.2 | 40.3 | 鞣花酸 | Stago |
aPTT-LA(s) | 40.9 | 44.8 | 65.7 | 82.5 | 98.7 | 二氧化硅 | Stago |
还利用鞣花酸作为活化剂评估BT-200对凝血因子的影响。结果呈现于表18。如所预期,BT-200不会降低因子VIII或因子XI的活性。
表18.因子活性
BT200浓度(ug/ml) | 0 | 3 | 10 | 30 | 100 | 活化剂 | 制造商 |
Anti-Xa(肝素)(IU/ml) | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | ||
因子VIII活性(%) | 59 | 58 | 58 | 60 | 60 | 鞣花酸 | Siemens |
因子XI活性(%) | 80 | 79 | 81 | 79 | 80 | 鞣花酸 | Siemens |
B.旋转式血栓弹性分析术(ROTEM)
尽管例如PT与aPTT等凝血测定已广泛进行,但已知其具固有限制。举例而言,这些测定法隔离地评估凝血级联反应,因此非生理性。结果,它们通常显现与临床表现型较差的相关性,即,PT或aPTT可能延长,但此不必然预测出血表现型。此外,这些测定一般对促血栓状态不敏感。再者,所述PT与aPTT测定使用纤维蛋白凝块的形成作为测试终点,而已知此仅在已产生的总凝血酶仅小于5%时发生。
旋转式血栓弹性分析术(ROTEM)是测量样品再钙化后,含或不含活化剂的全血或血浆凝结的方法。ROTEM的最初结果为显示血块形成或溶解时随时间的弹性的反应曲线。测量参数包括凝血时间(CT)、血块形成时间(CFT)、最大血块坚实度(MCF)、CT 5后分钟的振幅(A5)、30分钟后的溶解指数(LI 30)和最大溶解(ML;MC F后60分钟的振幅减少百分比)。CT是从添加起始试剂于血液直到血块开始形成的潜伏时间。CFT是从CT至血块坚实度已达到20毫米的时间。MCF为记录曲线的最大垂直振幅。凝血时间通常被抗凝剂延长。
在delta止血分析仪(Tem Innovations GmbH,Germany)上使用ROTEM测定,评估BT-200对凝血时间的影响。进行EXTEM测试,其为用于外在止血系统的筛选测试。结果呈现于表19中。凝血时间在所有BT-200浓度下几乎完全相同,这提示BT-200不具凝血效应,与先前观测结果一致。比较之下,直接因子II抑制剂达比加群的药理浓度延长凝血时间10倍,而直接因子X抑制剂利伐沙班(Rivaroxaban)则延长4倍(Schoergenhofer C,etal.,The use of frozen plasma samples in thromboelastometry.Clin Exp Med,DOI10.1007/s10238-017-0454-5;其全部内容均通过引用并入本文)。
表19.ROTEM测定
BT-200浓度(ug/ml) | CT(s) | CFT(s) | MCF(mm) |
30 | 73 | 540 | 22 |
10 | 76 | 325 | 24 |
2 | 80 | 493 | 23 |
0 | 77 | 360 | 23 |
C.凝血酶产生测定
凝血酶产生反映血浆产生凝血酶的总能力。校正的自动凝血酶生成图(calibrated automated thrombogram,CAT)测定是用于测量凝血酶产生的常规测试。此测定通过监测荧光物质的分裂并将其与平行非凝血样品中恒定已知的凝血酶活性相较,显示凝结血浆中凝血酶浓度随时间而变化。凝血酶生成图的参数包括延迟时间、峰高度、内源性凝血酶潜力(ETP)(以曲线下面积计算)、最大上升斜率和达到峰的时间(Hemker HC,etal.,Thrombin generation,a function test of the haemostatic-thromboticsystem.Thromb Haemost.2006Nov;96(5):553-61,其全部内容均通过引用并入本文)。凝血抑制剂,例如利伐沙班,降低ETP和/或波峰并延长达到波峰的时间。
使用低或高的缺血小板血浆(PPP)试剂(Thrombinoscope BV,Netherlands)经由CAT测定评估BT-200对凝血酶产生的影响。PPP试剂作为触发剂用,添加于缺血小板血浆中,启始凝血酶产生。于Fluoroskan ASCENTTM微量盘荧光计(Thermo Scientific,Waltham,MA)上测量读值。结果呈现于表20与21中。这些结果证实,BT-200不改变凝血酶产生。
表20.用PPP试剂(低)的CAT
BT-200浓度(ug/ml) | 0 | 3 | 10 | 30 | 100 |
延迟时间(min) | 2.33 | 2.33 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
ETP(nM×min) | 609 | 599 | 557 | 561 | 553 |
峰(nM) | 100 | 98.1 | 94.3 | 98.7 | 98.2 |
达到峰的时间(min) | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.7 |
表21.用PPP试剂(高)的CAT
实施例22.血液学测试
针对与实施例19相同的16只猴子,于给药前、BT-200注射后1周与2周,分析包括血红蛋白浓度、红细胞比容、白细胞(WBC)与血小板计数的血液学参数。以Sysmex XP-100 3分类差异血液分析仪(Sysmex,Japan)进行血液学测试。相较于给药前,血红蛋白与红细胞比容值稍微下降,无显著差异。WBC与血小板计数于注射BT-200后没改变。
血液学参数以平均值±SD(n=4)呈现于表22至25中。
表22.血红蛋白浓度(g/L)
表23.红细胞比容(%)
表24.白细胞数量(×109/L)
表25.血小板数量(×109/L)
实施例23.夸大的药理学
部分缺乏血管性血友病因子(如第1型血管性血友病疾患)通常具很轻微的临床表现型且通常没有诊断。实际上,单仅根据随机血液样品的实验室分析结果,几乎总人群的1%将被指定诊断为第1型VWD(Nichols WL,et al.,von Willebrand disease(VWD):evidence-based diagnosis and management guidelines,the National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute(NHLBI)Expert Panel report(USA).Haemophilia.2008 Mar;14(2):171-232;其全部内容均通过引用并入本文)。另一方面,严重缺乏血管性血友病因子(如第3型血管性血友病疾患)可能与表现黏膜皮肤出血、创伤出血或在牙科或外科手术部位局部出血的临床表现型相关。即使在第3型血管性血友病疾患亚族群内仍存在血管性血友病因子循环水平的连续区,而通常在这些病患中出现最低VWF水平下有出血症状频率增加的倾向(Schneppenheim R.,et al.Genetic heterogeneity of severe vonWillebrand disease type III in the German population.Hum Genet.1994Dec;94(6):640-52;Zhang Z,Lindstedt M,M,Anvret M.Effects of the mutant vonWillebrand factor gene in von Willebrand disease.Hum Genet.1995Oct;96(4):388-94;与Nichols WL et al.,Haemophilia.2008 Mar;14(2):171-232;其全部内容各自通过引用并入本文)。
血管性血友病疾患的临床流行病学所描述的基因型-表现型间的相关性提示,给予正常宿主血管性血友病因子的药理学抑制剂将导致出血表现型的最小风险,除非该抑制剂能发挥完全且持续的抑制作用。这个预测通过将血管性血友病因子的第一代适配体抑制剂ARC1779给予非人灵长类、正常人志愿者和甚至是血小板减少症病患或服用抗凝剂病患是却无出血表现的经验得到了证实(Gilbert JC,et al.,First-in-human evaluation ofanti von Willebrand factor therapeutic aptamer ARC1779 in healthyvolunteers.Circulation.2007 Dec 4;116(23):2678-86;Diener JL,et al.,Inhibitionof von Willebrand factor-mediated platelet activation and thrombosis by theanti-von Willebrand factor A1-domain aptamer ARC1779.J ThrombHaemost.2009Jul;7(7):1155-62;P,et al.,Anti-von Willebrand factoraptamer ARC1779 for refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenicpurpura.Transfusion.2009 Oct;49(10):2181-5;Jilma-Stohlawetz P,et al.,A doseranging phase I/II trial of the von Willebrand factor inhibiting aptamerARC1779 in patients with congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenicpurpura.Thromb Haemost.2011 Sep;106(3):539-47;其全部内容各自通过引用并入本文)。
BT-200经设计而比血管性血友病因子的原有适配体抑制剂(例如ARC1779与ARC15105)更具效力、更长效且具更佳皮下生物利用率。根据食蟹猴中BT-200的PK/PD研究发现,这些目标似已完全实现。观察到此研究中的大多数给药动物具有黏膜皮肤出血,主要发生在四肢和/或皮肤下的胸部区域。在这些动物中,第一次观察到典型的第3型血管性血友病疾患的黏膜皮肤出血,即使使用最高剂量的ARC1779于非人类灵长类动物的毒理学研究以及使用剂量高达20mg/kg的ARC15105于猴子研究中,这也从未被观察到。这种出血意味着“夸大的药理学”而非脱靶毒性,且其可通过简单的剂量减少至血管性血友病因子的功能仍被抑制而可预期抗栓塞性效应但不再观察到出血的水平予以避免。
这得到随后将食蟹猴的给药剂量降低至0.3mg/kg或0.1mg/kg的研究予以证实。使用PFA-200分析仍可观察血管性血友病因子功能的完全抑制(参见表26)且未观察到出血。
表26.PFA-200的封闭时间(S)
实施例24.药代动力学研究
在来自与实施例19所述相同16只猴子的血浆样品中,进行BT-200的药代动力学(PK)分析。在给药前(-30分钟)及给药后1小时、4小时、8小时、24小时、48小时、96小时、168小时、240小时和336小时,采取血液样品。各时间点采集约0.5ml全血至含1.5%K2-EDTA的试管中。3000rpm下,离心样品,得到血浆。于-80℃贮存所有血浆样品至分析前为止。使用具有DNAPAC200管柱(4*250mm)的Agilent 1260 Infinity System(Agilent,Santa Clara,CA),利用高效液相层析法(HPLC)测定BT-200的血浆浓度。使用Phoenix WinNonlin软件(Certara,Princeton,NJ)测定包括半衰期(T1/2)、观察到最大浓度的时间(Tmax)、初始浓度(C0)、最大浓度(Cmax)、直至最后可测量浓度的AUC(AUClast)、从0至无穷大的AUC(AUCInf)和生物利用率(F)的PK参数。
PK参数的平均值呈现于表27。BT-200在猴血浆中的半衰期(T1/2)为76.4至85.7小时。对于1:3.0:5.0的S.C.剂量,通过Cmax测量的暴露量vs剂量为1:2.8:5.3,通过AUCinf为1:2.9:5.5。S.C.给药的Tmax为24至42小时。S.C.给药的生物利用率为115%至133%(关于I.V.给药,第一次样品采集时间为1小时)。未观察到显著的性别差异。总之,BT-200具有优异的S.C.生物利用率与长半衰期,使其成为极佳的候选药物。
表27.PK参数
序列表
<110> 邦德治疗有限公司(BAND THERAPEUTICS, LLC)
<120> 用于治疗与血管性血友病因子有关的并发症和疾病的组合物和方法
<130> 2059.1002PCT
<140> PCT/US2018/XXXXXX
<141> 2018-05-18
<150> 62/508,530
<151> 2017-05-19
<150> 62/638,579
<151> 2018-03-05
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agctcacagc tattgtggtg ggaaagggag ggtggttggt ggatgtcaca gcttgggctt 60
tatctccccc agcagtgggg actccacagc ccctgggcta cataacagca agacagtccg 120
gagctgtagc agacctgatt gagcctttgc agcagctgag agcatggcct agggtgggcg 180
gcaccattgt ccagcagctg agtttcccag ggaccttgga gatagccgca gccctcattt 240
gcaggggaag atgattcctg ccagatttgc cggggtgctg cttgctctgg ccctcatttt 300
gccagggacc ctttgtgcag aaggaactcg cggcaggtca tccacggccc gatgcagcct 360
tttcggaagt gacttcgtca acacctttga tgggagcatg tacagctttg cgggatactg 420
cagttacctc ctggcagggg gctgccagaa acgctccttc tcgattattg gggacttcca 480
gaatggcaag agagtgagcc tctccgtgta tcttggggaa ttttttgaca tccatttgtt 540
tgtcaatggt accgtgacac agggggacca aagagtctcc atgccctatg cctccaaagg 600
gctgtatcta gaaactgagg ctgggtacta caagctgtcc ggtgaggcct atggctttgt 660
ggccaggatc gatggcagcg gcaactttca agtcctgctg tcagacagat acttcaacaa 720
gacctgcggg ctgtgtggca actttaacat ctttgctgaa gatgacttta tgacccaaga 780
agggaccttg acctcggacc cttatgactt tgccaactca tgggctctga gcagtggaga 840
acagtggtgt gaacgggcat ctcctcccag cagctcatgc aacatctcct ctggggaaat 900
gcagaagggc ctgtgggagc agtgccagct tctgaagagc acctcggtgt ttgcccgctg 960
ccaccctctg gtggaccccg agccttttgt ggccctgtgt gagaagactt tgtgtgagtg 1020
tgctgggggg ctggagtgcg cctgccctgc cctcctggag tacgcccgga cctgtgccca 1080
ggagggaatg gtgctgtacg gctggaccga ccacagcgcg tgcagcccag tgtgccctgc 1140
tggtatggag tataggcagt gtgtgtcccc ttgcgccagg acctgccaga gcctgcacat 1200
caatgaaatg tgtcaggagc gatgcgtgga tggctgcagc tgccctgagg gacagctcct 1260
ggatgaaggc ctctgcgtgg agagcaccga gtgtccctgc gtgcattccg gaaagcgcta 1320
ccctcccggc acctccctct ctcgagactg caacacctgc atttgccgaa acagccagtg 1380
gatctgcagc aatgaagaat gtccagggga gtgccttgtc acaggtcaat cacacttcaa 1440
gagctttgac aacagatact tcaccttcag tgggatctgc cagtacctgc tggcccggga 1500
ttgccaggac cactccttct ccattgtcat tgagactgtc cagtgtgctg atgaccgcga 1560
cgctgtgtgc acccgctccg tcaccgtccg gctgcctggc ctgcacaaca gccttgtgaa 1620
actgaagcat ggggcaggag ttgccatgga tggccaggac gtccagctcc ccctcctgaa 1680
aggtgacctc cgcatccagc atacagtgac ggcctccgtg cgcctcagct acggggagga 1740
cctgcagatg gactgggatg gccgcgggag gctgctggtg aagctgtccc ccgtctatgc 1800
cgggaagacc tgcggcctgt gtgggaatta caatggcaac cagggcgacg acttccttac 1860
cccctctggg ctggcggagc cccgggtgga ggacttcggg aacgcctgga agctgcacgg 1920
ggactgccag gacctgcaga agcagcacag cgatccctgc gccctcaacc cgcgcatgac 1980
caggttctcc gaggaggcgt gcgcggtcct gacgtccccc acattcgagg cctgccatcg 2040
tgccgtcagc ccgctgccct acctgcggaa ctgccgctac gacgtgtgct cctgctcgga 2100
cggccgcgag tgcctgtgcg gcgccctggc cagctatgcc gcggcctgcg cggggagagg 2160
cgtgcgcgtc gcgtggcgcg agccaggccg ctgtgagctg aactgcccga aaggccaggt 2220
gtacctgcag tgcgggaccc cctgcaacct gacctgccgc tctctctctt acccggatga 2280
ggaatgcaat gaggcctgcc tggagggctg cttctgcccc ccagggctct acatggatga 2340
gaggggggac tgcgtgccca aggcccagtg cccctgttac tatgacggtg agatcttcca 2400
gccagaagac atcttctcag accatcacac catgtgctac tgtgaggatg gcttcatgca 2460
ctgtaccatg agtggagtcc ccggaagctt gctgcctgac gctgtcctca gcagtcccct 2520
gtctcatcgc agcaaaagga gcctatcctg tcggcccccc atggtcaagc tggtgtgtcc 2580
cgctgacaac ctgcgggctg aagggctcga gtgtaccaaa acgtgccaga actatgacct 2640
ggagtgcatg agcatgggct gtgtctctgg ctgcctctgc cccccgggca tggtccggca 2700
tgagaacaga tgtgtggccc tggaaaggtg tccctgcttc catcagggca aggagtatgc 2760
ccctggagaa acagtgaaga ttggctgcaa cacttgtgtc tgtcgggacc ggaagtggaa 2820
ctgcacagac catgtgtgtg atgccacgtg ctccacgatc ggcatggccc actacctcac 2880
cttcgacggg ctcaaatacc tgttccccgg ggagtgccag tacgttctgg tgcaggatta 2940
ctgcggcagt aaccctggga cctttcggat cctagtgggg aataagggat gcagccaccc 3000
ctcagtgaaa tgcaagaaac gggtcaccat cctggtggag ggaggagaga ttgagctgtt 3060
tgacggggag gtgaatgtga agaggcccat gaaggatgag actcactttg aggtggtgga 3120
gtctggccgg tacatcattc tgctgctggg caaagccctc tccgtggtct gggaccgcca 3180
cctgagcatc tccgtggtcc tgaagcagac ataccaggag aaagtgtgtg gcctgtgtgg 3240
gaattttgat ggcatccaga acaatgacct caccagcagc aacctccaag tggaggaaga 3300
ccctgtggac tttgggaact cctggaaagt gagctcgcag tgtgctgaca ccagaaaagt 3360
gcctctggac tcatcccctg ccacctgcca taacaacatc atgaagcaga cgatggtgga 3420
ttcctcctgt agaatcctta ccagtgacgt cttccaggac tgcaacaagc tggtggaccc 3480
cgagccatat ctggatgtct gcatttacga cacctgctcc tgtgagtcca ttggggactg 3540
cgcctgcttc tgcgacacca ttgctgccta tgcccacgtg tgtgcccagc atggcaaggt 3600
ggtgacctgg aggacggcca cattgtgccc ccagagctgc gaggagagga atctccggga 3660
gaacgggtat gagtgtgagt ggcgctataa cagctgtgca cctgcctgtc aagtcacgtg 3720
tcagcaccct gagccactgg cctgccctgt gcagtgtgtg gagggctgcc atgcccactg 3780
ccctccaggg aaaatcctgg atgagctttt gcagacctgc gttgaccctg aagactgtcc 3840
agtgtgtgag gtggctggcc ggcgttttgc ctcaggaaag aaagtcacct tgaatcccag 3900
tgaccctgag cactgccaga tttgccactg tgatgttgtc aacctcacct gtgaagcctg 3960
ccaggagccg ggaggcctgg tggtgcctcc cacagatgcc ccggtgagcc ccaccactct 4020
gtatgtggag gacatctcgg aaccgccgtt gcacgatttc tactgcagca ggctactgga 4080
cctggtcttc ctgctggatg gctcctccag gctgtccgag gctgagtttg aagtgctgaa 4140
ggcctttgtg gtggacatga tggagcggct gcgcatctcc cagaagtggg tccgcgtggc 4200
cgtggtggag taccacgacg gctcccacgc ctacatcggg ctcaaggacc ggaagcgacc 4260
gtcagagctg cggcgcattg ccagccaggt gaagtatgcg ggcagccagg tggcctccac 4320
cagcgaggtc ttgaaataca cactgttcca aatcttcagc aagatcgacc gccctgaagc 4380
ctcccgcatc accctgctcc tgatggccag ccaggagccc caacggatgt cccggaactt 4440
tgtccgctac gtccagggcc tgaagaagaa gaaggtcatt gtgatcccgg tgggcattgg 4500
gccccatgcc aacctcaagc agatccgcct catcgagaag caggcccctg agaacaaggc 4560
cttcgtgctg agcagtgtgg atgagctgga gcagcaaagg gacgagatcg ttagctacct 4620
ctgtgacctt gcccctgaag cccctcctcc tactctgccc cccgacatgg cacaagtcac 4680
tgtgggcccg gggctcttgg gggtttcgac cctggggccc aagaggaact ccatggttct 4740
ggatgtggcg ttcgtcctgg aaggatcgga caaaattggt gaagccgact tcaacaggag 4800
caaggagttc atggaggagg tgattcagcg gatggatgtg ggccaggaca gcatccacgt 4860
cacggtgctg cagtactcct acatggtgac tgtggagtac cccttcagcg aggcacagtc 4920
caaaggggac atcctgcagc gggtgcgaga gatccgctac cagggcggca acaggaccaa 4980
cactgggctg gccctgcggt acctctctga ccacagcttc ttggtcagcc agggtgaccg 5040
ggagcaggcg cccaacctgg tctacatggt caccggaaat cctgcctctg atgagatcaa 5100
gaggctgcct ggagacatcc aggtggtgcc cattggagtg ggccctaatg ccaacgtgca 5160
ggagctggag aggattggct ggcccaatgc ccctatcctc atccaggact ttgagacgct 5220
cccccgagag gctcctgacc tggtgctgca gaggtgctgc tccggagagg ggctgcagat 5280
ccccaccctc tcccctgcac ctgactgcag ccagcccctg gacgtgatcc ttctcctgga 5340
tggctcctcc agtttcccag cttcttattt tgatgaaatg aagagtttcg ccaaggcttt 5400
catttcaaaa gccaatatag ggcctcgtct cactcaggtg tcagtgctgc agtatggaag 5460
catcaccacc attgacgtgc catggaacgt ggtcccggag aaagcccatt tgctgagcct 5520
tgtggacgtc atgcagcggg agggaggccc cagccaaatc ggggatgcct tgggctttgc 5580
tgtgcgatac ttgacttcag aaatgcatgg tgccaggccg ggagcctcaa aggcggtggt 5640
catcctggtc acggacgtct ctgtggattc agtggatgca gcagctgatg ccgccaggtc 5700
caacagagtg acagtgttcc ctattggaat tggagatcgc tacgatgcag cccagctacg 5760
gatcttggca ggcccagcag gcgactccaa cgtggtgaag ctccagcgaa tcgaagacct 5820
ccctaccatg gtcaccttgg gcaattcctt cctccacaaa ctgtgctctg gatttgttag 5880
gatttgcatg gatgaggatg ggaatgagaa gaggcccggg gacgtctgga ccttgccaga 5940
ccagtgccac accgtgactt gccagccaga tggccagacc ttgctgaaga gtcatcgggt 6000
caactgtgac cgggggctga ggccttcgtg ccctaacagc cagtcccctg ttaaagtgga 6060
agagacctgt ggctgccgct ggacctgccc ctgcgtgtgc acaggcagct ccactcggca 6120
catcgtgacc tttgatgggc agaatttcaa gctgactggc agctgttctt atgtcctatt 6180
tcaaaacaag gagcaggacc tggaggtgat tctccataat ggtgcctgca gccctggagc 6240
aaggcagggc tgcatgaaat ccatcgaggt gaagcacagt gccctctccg tcgagctgca 6300
cagtgacatg gaggtgacgg tgaatgggag actggtctct gttccttacg tgggtgggaa 6360
catggaagtc aacgtttatg gtgccatcat gcatgaggtc agattcaatc accttggtca 6420
catcttcaca ttcactccac aaaacaatga gttccaactg cagctcagcc ccaagacttt 6480
tgcttcaaag acgtatggtc tgtgtgggat ctgtgatgag aacggagcca atgacttcat 6540
gctgagggat ggcacagtca ccacagactg gaaaacactt gttcaggaat ggactgtgca 6600
gcggccaggg cagacgtgcc agcccatcct ggaggagcag tgtcttgtcc ccgacagctc 6660
ccactgccag gtcctcctct taccactgtt tgctgaatgc cacaaggtcc tggctccagc 6720
cacattctat gccatctgcc agcaggacag ttgccaccag gagcaagtgt gtgaggtgat 6780
cgcctcttat gcccacctct gtcggaccaa cggggtctgc gttgactgga ggacacctga 6840
tttctgtgct atgtcatgcc caccatctct ggtctacaac cactgtgagc atggctgtcc 6900
ccggcactgt gatggcaacg tgagctcctg tggggaccat ccctccgaag gctgtttctg 6960
ccctccagat aaagtcatgt tggaaggcag ctgtgtccct gaagaggcct gcactcagtg 7020
cattggtgag gatggagtcc agcaccagtt cctggaagcc tgggtcccgg accaccagcc 7080
ctgtcagatc tgcacatgcc tcagcgggcg gaaggtcaac tgcacaacgc agccctgccc 7140
cacggccaaa gctcccacgt gtggcctgtg tgaagtagcc cgcctccgcc agaatgcaga 7200
ccagtgctgc cccgagtatg agtgtgtgtg tgacccagtg agctgtgacc tgcccccagt 7260
gcctcactgt gaacgtggcc tccagcccac actgaccaac cctggcgagt gcagacccaa 7320
cttcacctgc gcctgcagga aggaggagtg caaaagagtg tccccaccct cctgcccccc 7380
gcaccgtttg cccacccttc ggaagaccca gtgctgtgat gagtatgagt gtgcctgcaa 7440
ctgtgtcaac tccacagtga gctgtcccct tgggtacttg gcctcaactg ccaccaatga 7500
ctgtggctgt accacaacca cctgccttcc cgacaaggtg tgtgtccacc gaagcaccat 7560
ctaccctgtg ggccagttct gggaggaggg ctgcgatgtg tgcacctgca ccgacatgga 7620
ggatgccgtg atgggcctcc gcgtggccca gtgctcccag aagccctgtg aggacagctg 7680
tcggtcgggc ttcacttacg ttctgcatga aggcgagtgc tgtggaaggt gcctgccatc 7740
tgcctgtgag gtggtgactg gctcaccgcg gggggactcc cagtcttcct ggaagagtgt 7800
cggctcccag tgggcctccc cggagaaccc ctgcctcatc aatgagtgtg tccgagtgaa 7860
ggaggaggtc tttatacaac aaaggaacgt ctcctgcccc cagctggagg tccctgtctg 7920
cccctcgggc tttcagctga gctgtaagac ctcagcgtgc tgcccaagct gtcgctgtga 7980
gcgcatggag gcctgcatgc tcaatggcac tgtcattggg cccgggaaga ctgtgatgat 8040
cgatgtgtgc acgacctgcc gctgcatggt gcaggtgggg gtcatctctg gattcaagct 8100
ggagtgcagg aagaccacct gcaacccctg ccccctgggt tacaaggaag aaaataacac 8160
aggtgaatgt tgtgggagat gtttgcctac ggcttgcacc attcagctaa gaggaggaca 8220
gatcatgaca ctgaagcgtg atgagacgct ccaggatggc tgtgatactc acttctgcaa 8280
ggtcaatgag agaggagagt acttctggga gaagagggtc acaggctgcc caccctttga 8340
tgaacacaag tgtctggctg agggaggtaa aattatgaaa attccaggca cctgctgtga 8400
cacatgtgag gagcctgagt gcaacgacat cactgccagg ctgcagtatg tcaaggtggg 8460
aagctgtaag tctgaagtag aggtggatat ccactactgc cagggcaaat gtgccagcaa 8520
agccatgtac tccattgaca tcaacgatgt gcaggaccag tgctcctgct gctctccgac 8580
acggacggag cccatgcagg tggccctgca ctgcaccaat ggctctgttg tgtaccatga 8640
ggttctcaat gccatggagt gcaaatgctc ccccaggaag tgcagcaagt gaggctgctg 8700
cagctgcatg ggtgcctgct gctgcctgcc ttggcctgat ggccaggcca gagtgctgcc 8760
agtcctctgc atgttctgct cttgtgccct tctgagccca caataaaggc tgagctctta 8820
tcttgcaaaa ggc 8833
<210> 9
<211> 2813
<212> PRT
<213> 人(Homo sapiens)
<400> 9
Met Ile Pro Ala Arg Phe Ala Gly Val Leu Leu Ala Leu Ala Leu Ile
1 5 10 15
Leu Pro Gly Thr Leu Cys Ala Glu Gly Thr Arg Gly Arg Ser Ser Thr
20 25 30
Ala Arg Cys Ser Leu Phe Gly Ser Asp Phe Val Asn Thr Phe Asp Gly
35 40 45
Ser Met Tyr Ser Phe Ala Gly Tyr Cys Ser Tyr Leu Leu Ala Gly Gly
50 55 60
Cys Gln Lys Arg Ser Phe Ser Ile Ile Gly Asp Phe Gln Asn Gly Lys
65 70 75 80
Arg Val Ser Leu Ser Val Tyr Leu Gly Glu Phe Phe Asp Ile His Leu
85 90 95
Phe Val Asn Gly Thr Val Thr Gln Gly Asp Gln Arg Val Ser Met Pro
100 105 110
Tyr Ala Ser Lys Gly Leu Tyr Leu Glu Thr Glu Ala Gly Tyr Tyr Lys
115 120 125
Leu Ser Gly Glu Ala Tyr Gly Phe Val Ala Arg Ile Asp Gly Ser Gly
130 135 140
Asn Phe Gln Val Leu Leu Ser Asp Arg Tyr Phe Asn Lys Thr Cys Gly
145 150 155 160
Leu Cys Gly Asn Phe Asn Ile Phe Ala Glu Asp Asp Phe Met Thr Gln
165 170 175
Glu Gly Thr Leu Thr Ser Asp Pro Tyr Asp Phe Ala Asn Ser Trp Ala
180 185 190
Leu Ser Ser Gly Glu Gln Trp Cys Glu Arg Ala Ser Pro Pro Ser Ser
195 200 205
Ser Cys Asn Ile Ser Ser Gly Glu Met Gln Lys Gly Leu Trp Glu Gln
210 215 220
Cys Gln Leu Leu Lys Ser Thr Ser Val Phe Ala Arg Cys His Pro Leu
225 230 235 240
Val Asp Pro Glu Pro Phe Val Ala Leu Cys Glu Lys Thr Leu Cys Glu
245 250 255
Cys Ala Gly Gly Leu Glu Cys Ala Cys Pro Ala Leu Leu Glu Tyr Ala
260 265 270
Arg Thr Cys Ala Gln Glu Gly Met Val Leu Tyr Gly Trp Thr Asp His
275 280 285
Ser Ala Cys Ser Pro Val Cys Pro Ala Gly Met Glu Tyr Arg Gln Cys
290 295 300
Val Ser Pro Cys Ala Arg Thr Cys Gln Ser Leu His Ile Asn Glu Met
305 310 315 320
Cys Gln Glu Arg Cys Val Asp Gly Cys Ser Cys Pro Glu Gly Gln Leu
325 330 335
Leu Asp Glu Gly Leu Cys Val Glu Ser Thr Glu Cys Pro Cys Val His
340 345 350
Ser Gly Lys Arg Tyr Pro Pro Gly Thr Ser Leu Ser Arg Asp Cys Asn
355 360 365
Thr Cys Ile Cys Arg Asn Ser Gln Trp Ile Cys Ser Asn Glu Glu Cys
370 375 380
Pro Gly Glu Cys Leu Val Thr Gly Gln Ser His Phe Lys Ser Phe Asp
385 390 395 400
Asn Arg Tyr Phe Thr Phe Ser Gly Ile Cys Gln Tyr Leu Leu Ala Arg
405 410 415
Asp Cys Gln Asp His Ser Phe Ser Ile Val Ile Glu Thr Val Gln Cys
420 425 430
Ala Asp Asp Arg Asp Ala Val Cys Thr Arg Ser Val Thr Val Arg Leu
435 440 445
Pro Gly Leu His Asn Ser Leu Val Lys Leu Lys His Gly Ala Gly Val
450 455 460
Ala Met Asp Gly Gln Asp Val Gln Leu Pro Leu Leu Lys Gly Asp Leu
465 470 475 480
Arg Ile Gln His Thr Val Thr Ala Ser Val Arg Leu Ser Tyr Gly Glu
485 490 495
Asp Leu Gln Met Asp Trp Asp Gly Arg Gly Arg Leu Leu Val Lys Leu
500 505 510
Ser Pro Val Tyr Ala Gly Lys Thr Cys Gly Leu Cys Gly Asn Tyr Asn
515 520 525
Gly Asn Gln Gly Asp Asp Phe Leu Thr Pro Ser Gly Leu Ala Glu Pro
530 535 540
Arg Val Glu Asp Phe Gly Asn Ala Trp Lys Leu His Gly Asp Cys Gln
545 550 555 560
Asp Leu Gln Lys Gln His Ser Asp Pro Cys Ala Leu Asn Pro Arg Met
565 570 575
Thr Arg Phe Ser Glu Glu Ala Cys Ala Val Leu Thr Ser Pro Thr Phe
580 585 590
Glu Ala Cys His Arg Ala Val Ser Pro Leu Pro Tyr Leu Arg Asn Cys
595 600 605
Arg Tyr Asp Val Cys Ser Cys Ser Asp Gly Arg Glu Cys Leu Cys Gly
610 615 620
Ala Leu Ala Ser Tyr Ala Ala Ala Cys Ala Gly Arg Gly Val Arg Val
625 630 635 640
Ala Trp Arg Glu Pro Gly Arg Cys Glu Leu Asn Cys Pro Lys Gly Gln
645 650 655
Val Tyr Leu Gln Cys Gly Thr Pro Cys Asn Leu Thr Cys Arg Ser Leu
660 665 670
Ser Tyr Pro Asp Glu Glu Cys Asn Glu Ala Cys Leu Glu Gly Cys Phe
675 680 685
Cys Pro Pro Gly Leu Tyr Met Asp Glu Arg Gly Asp Cys Val Pro Lys
690 695 700
Ala Gln Cys Pro Cys Tyr Tyr Asp Gly Glu Ile Phe Gln Pro Glu Asp
705 710 715 720
Ile Phe Ser Asp His His Thr Met Cys Tyr Cys Glu Asp Gly Phe Met
725 730 735
His Cys Thr Met Ser Gly Val Pro Gly Ser Leu Leu Pro Asp Ala Val
740 745 750
Leu Ser Ser Pro Leu Ser His Arg Ser Lys Arg Ser Leu Ser Cys Arg
755 760 765
Pro Pro Met Val Lys Leu Val Cys Pro Ala Asp Asn Leu Arg Ala Glu
770 775 780
Gly Leu Glu Cys Thr Lys Thr Cys Gln Asn Tyr Asp Leu Glu Cys Met
785 790 795 800
Ser Met Gly Cys Val Ser Gly Cys Leu Cys Pro Pro Gly Met Val Arg
805 810 815
His Glu Asn Arg Cys Val Ala Leu Glu Arg Cys Pro Cys Phe His Gln
820 825 830
Gly Lys Glu Tyr Ala Pro Gly Glu Thr Val Lys Ile Gly Cys Asn Thr
835 840 845
Cys Val Cys Arg Asp Arg Lys Trp Asn Cys Thr Asp His Val Cys Asp
850 855 860
Ala Thr Cys Ser Thr Ile Gly Met Ala His Tyr Leu Thr Phe Asp Gly
865 870 875 880
Leu Lys Tyr Leu Phe Pro Gly Glu Cys Gln Tyr Val Leu Val Gln Asp
885 890 895
Tyr Cys Gly Ser Asn Pro Gly Thr Phe Arg Ile Leu Val Gly Asn Lys
900 905 910
Gly Cys Ser His Pro Ser Val Lys Cys Lys Lys Arg Val Thr Ile Leu
915 920 925
Val Glu Gly Gly Glu Ile Glu Leu Phe Asp Gly Glu Val Asn Val Lys
930 935 940
Arg Pro Met Lys Asp Glu Thr His Phe Glu Val Val Glu Ser Gly Arg
945 950 955 960
Tyr Ile Ile Leu Leu Leu Gly Lys Ala Leu Ser Val Val Trp Asp Arg
965 970 975
His Leu Ser Ile Ser Val Val Leu Lys Gln Thr Tyr Gln Glu Lys Val
980 985 990
Cys Gly Leu Cys Gly Asn Phe Asp Gly Ile Gln Asn Asn Asp Leu Thr
995 1000 1005
Ser Ser Asn Leu Gln Val Glu Glu Asp Pro Val Asp Phe Gly Asn
1010 1015 1020
Ser Trp Lys Val Ser Ser Gln Cys Ala Asp Thr Arg Lys Val Pro
1025 1030 1035
Leu Asp Ser Ser Pro Ala Thr Cys His Asn Asn Ile Met Lys Gln
1040 1045 1050
Thr Met Val Asp Ser Ser Cys Arg Ile Leu Thr Ser Asp Val Phe
1055 1060 1065
Gln Asp Cys Asn Lys Leu Val Asp Pro Glu Pro Tyr Leu Asp Val
1070 1075 1080
Cys Ile Tyr Asp Thr Cys Ser Cys Glu Ser Ile Gly Asp Cys Ala
1085 1090 1095
Cys Phe Cys Asp Thr Ile Ala Ala Tyr Ala His Val Cys Ala Gln
1100 1105 1110
His Gly Lys Val Val Thr Trp Arg Thr Ala Thr Leu Cys Pro Gln
1115 1120 1125
Ser Cys Glu Glu Arg Asn Leu Arg Glu Asn Gly Tyr Glu Cys Glu
1130 1135 1140
Trp Arg Tyr Asn Ser Cys Ala Pro Ala Cys Gln Val Thr Cys Gln
1145 1150 1155
His Pro Glu Pro Leu Ala Cys Pro Val Gln Cys Val Glu Gly Cys
1160 1165 1170
His Ala His Cys Pro Pro Gly Lys Ile Leu Asp Glu Leu Leu Gln
1175 1180 1185
Thr Cys Val Asp Pro Glu Asp Cys Pro Val Cys Glu Val Ala Gly
1190 1195 1200
Arg Arg Phe Ala Ser Gly Lys Lys Val Thr Leu Asn Pro Ser Asp
1205 1210 1215
Pro Glu His Cys Gln Ile Cys His Cys Asp Val Val Asn Leu Thr
1220 1225 1230
Cys Glu Ala Cys Gln Glu Pro Gly Gly Leu Val Val Pro Pro Thr
1235 1240 1245
Asp Ala Pro Val Ser Pro Thr Thr Leu Tyr Val Glu Asp Ile Ser
1250 1255 1260
Glu Pro Pro Leu His Asp Phe Tyr Cys Ser Arg Leu Leu Asp Leu
1265 1270 1275
Val Phe Leu Leu Asp Gly Ser Ser Arg Leu Ser Glu Ala Glu Phe
1280 1285 1290
Glu Val Leu Lys Ala Phe Val Val Asp Met Met Glu Arg Leu Arg
1295 1300 1305
Ile Ser Gln Lys Trp Val Arg Val Ala Val Val Glu Tyr His Asp
1310 1315 1320
Gly Ser His Ala Tyr Ile Gly Leu Lys Asp Arg Lys Arg Pro Ser
1325 1330 1335
Glu Leu Arg Arg Ile Ala Ser Gln Val Lys Tyr Ala Gly Ser Gln
1340 1345 1350
Val Ala Ser Thr Ser Glu Val Leu Lys Tyr Thr Leu Phe Gln Ile
1355 1360 1365
Phe Ser Lys Ile Asp Arg Pro Glu Ala Ser Arg Ile Thr Leu Leu
1370 1375 1380
Leu Met Ala Ser Gln Glu Pro Gln Arg Met Ser Arg Asn Phe Val
1385 1390 1395
Arg Tyr Val Gln Gly Leu Lys Lys Lys Lys Val Ile Val Ile Pro
1400 1405 1410
Val Gly Ile Gly Pro His Ala Asn Leu Lys Gln Ile Arg Leu Ile
1415 1420 1425
Glu Lys Gln Ala Pro Glu Asn Lys Ala Phe Val Leu Ser Ser Val
1430 1435 1440
Asp Glu Leu Glu Gln Gln Arg Asp Glu Ile Val Ser Tyr Leu Cys
1445 1450 1455
Asp Leu Ala Pro Glu Ala Pro Pro Pro Thr Leu Pro Pro Asp Met
1460 1465 1470
Ala Gln Val Thr Val Gly Pro Gly Leu Leu Gly Val Ser Thr Leu
1475 1480 1485
Gly Pro Lys Arg Asn Ser Met Val Leu Asp Val Ala Phe Val Leu
1490 1495 1500
Glu Gly Ser Asp Lys Ile Gly Glu Ala Asp Phe Asn Arg Ser Lys
1505 1510 1515
Glu Phe Met Glu Glu Val Ile Gln Arg Met Asp Val Gly Gln Asp
1520 1525 1530
Ser Ile His Val Thr Val Leu Gln Tyr Ser Tyr Met Val Thr Val
1535 1540 1545
Glu Tyr Pro Phe Ser Glu Ala Gln Ser Lys Gly Asp Ile Leu Gln
1550 1555 1560
Arg Val Arg Glu Ile Arg Tyr Gln Gly Gly Asn Arg Thr Asn Thr
1565 1570 1575
Gly Leu Ala Leu Arg Tyr Leu Ser Asp His Ser Phe Leu Val Ser
1580 1585 1590
Gln Gly Asp Arg Glu Gln Ala Pro Asn Leu Val Tyr Met Val Thr
1595 1600 1605
Gly Asn Pro Ala Ser Asp Glu Ile Lys Arg Leu Pro Gly Asp Ile
1610 1615 1620
Gln Val Val Pro Ile Gly Val Gly Pro Asn Ala Asn Val Gln Glu
1625 1630 1635
Leu Glu Arg Ile Gly Trp Pro Asn Ala Pro Ile Leu Ile Gln Asp
1640 1645 1650
Phe Glu Thr Leu Pro Arg Glu Ala Pro Asp Leu Val Leu Gln Arg
1655 1660 1665
Cys Cys Ser Gly Glu Gly Leu Gln Ile Pro Thr Leu Ser Pro Ala
1670 1675 1680
Pro Asp Cys Ser Gln Pro Leu Asp Val Ile Leu Leu Leu Asp Gly
1685 1690 1695
Ser Ser Ser Phe Pro Ala Ser Tyr Phe Asp Glu Met Lys Ser Phe
1700 1705 1710
Ala Lys Ala Phe Ile Ser Lys Ala Asn Ile Gly Pro Arg Leu Thr
1715 1720 1725
Gln Val Ser Val Leu Gln Tyr Gly Ser Ile Thr Thr Ile Asp Val
1730 1735 1740
Pro Trp Asn Val Val Pro Glu Lys Ala His Leu Leu Ser Leu Val
1745 1750 1755
Asp Val Met Gln Arg Glu Gly Gly Pro Ser Gln Ile Gly Asp Ala
1760 1765 1770
Leu Gly Phe Ala Val Arg Tyr Leu Thr Ser Glu Met His Gly Ala
1775 1780 1785
Arg Pro Gly Ala Ser Lys Ala Val Val Ile Leu Val Thr Asp Val
1790 1795 1800
Ser Val Asp Ser Val Asp Ala Ala Ala Asp Ala Ala Arg Ser Asn
1805 1810 1815
Arg Val Thr Val Phe Pro Ile Gly Ile Gly Asp Arg Tyr Asp Ala
1820 1825 1830
Ala Gln Leu Arg Ile Leu Ala Gly Pro Ala Gly Asp Ser Asn Val
1835 1840 1845
Val Lys Leu Gln Arg Ile Glu Asp Leu Pro Thr Met Val Thr Leu
1850 1855 1860
Gly Asn Ser Phe Leu His Lys Leu Cys Ser Gly Phe Val Arg Ile
1865 1870 1875
Cys Met Asp Glu Asp Gly Asn Glu Lys Arg Pro Gly Asp Val Trp
1880 1885 1890
Thr Leu Pro Asp Gln Cys His Thr Val Thr Cys Gln Pro Asp Gly
1895 1900 1905
Gln Thr Leu Leu Lys Ser His Arg Val Asn Cys Asp Arg Gly Leu
1910 1915 1920
Arg Pro Ser Cys Pro Asn Ser Gln Ser Pro Val Lys Val Glu Glu
1925 1930 1935
Thr Cys Gly Cys Arg Trp Thr Cys Pro Cys Val Cys Thr Gly Ser
1940 1945 1950
Ser Thr Arg His Ile Val Thr Phe Asp Gly Gln Asn Phe Lys Leu
1955 1960 1965
Thr Gly Ser Cys Ser Tyr Val Leu Phe Gln Asn Lys Glu Gln Asp
1970 1975 1980
Leu Glu Val Ile Leu His Asn Gly Ala Cys Ser Pro Gly Ala Arg
1985 1990 1995
Gln Gly Cys Met Lys Ser Ile Glu Val Lys His Ser Ala Leu Ser
2000 2005 2010
Val Glu Leu His Ser Asp Met Glu Val Thr Val Asn Gly Arg Leu
2015 2020 2025
Val Ser Val Pro Tyr Val Gly Gly Asn Met Glu Val Asn Val Tyr
2030 2035 2040
Gly Ala Ile Met His Glu Val Arg Phe Asn His Leu Gly His Ile
2045 2050 2055
Phe Thr Phe Thr Pro Gln Asn Asn Glu Phe Gln Leu Gln Leu Ser
2060 2065 2070
Pro Lys Thr Phe Ala Ser Lys Thr Tyr Gly Leu Cys Gly Ile Cys
2075 2080 2085
Asp Glu Asn Gly Ala Asn Asp Phe Met Leu Arg Asp Gly Thr Val
2090 2095 2100
Thr Thr Asp Trp Lys Thr Leu Val Gln Glu Trp Thr Val Gln Arg
2105 2110 2115
Pro Gly Gln Thr Cys Gln Pro Ile Leu Glu Glu Gln Cys Leu Val
2120 2125 2130
Pro Asp Ser Ser His Cys Gln Val Leu Leu Leu Pro Leu Phe Ala
2135 2140 2145
Glu Cys His Lys Val Leu Ala Pro Ala Thr Phe Tyr Ala Ile Cys
2150 2155 2160
Gln Gln Asp Ser Cys His Gln Glu Gln Val Cys Glu Val Ile Ala
2165 2170 2175
Ser Tyr Ala His Leu Cys Arg Thr Asn Gly Val Cys Val Asp Trp
2180 2185 2190
Arg Thr Pro Asp Phe Cys Ala Met Ser Cys Pro Pro Ser Leu Val
2195 2200 2205
Tyr Asn His Cys Glu His Gly Cys Pro Arg His Cys Asp Gly Asn
2210 2215 2220
Val Ser Ser Cys Gly Asp His Pro Ser Glu Gly Cys Phe Cys Pro
2225 2230 2235
Pro Asp Lys Val Met Leu Glu Gly Ser Cys Val Pro Glu Glu Ala
2240 2245 2250
Cys Thr Gln Cys Ile Gly Glu Asp Gly Val Gln His Gln Phe Leu
2255 2260 2265
Glu Ala Trp Val Pro Asp His Gln Pro Cys Gln Ile Cys Thr Cys
2270 2275 2280
Leu Ser Gly Arg Lys Val Asn Cys Thr Thr Gln Pro Cys Pro Thr
2285 2290 2295
Ala Lys Ala Pro Thr Cys Gly Leu Cys Glu Val Ala Arg Leu Arg
2300 2305 2310
Gln Asn Ala Asp Gln Cys Cys Pro Glu Tyr Glu Cys Val Cys Asp
2315 2320 2325
Pro Val Ser Cys Asp Leu Pro Pro Val Pro His Cys Glu Arg Gly
2330 2335 2340
Leu Gln Pro Thr Leu Thr Asn Pro Gly Glu Cys Arg Pro Asn Phe
2345 2350 2355
Thr Cys Ala Cys Arg Lys Glu Glu Cys Lys Arg Val Ser Pro Pro
2360 2365 2370
Ser Cys Pro Pro His Arg Leu Pro Thr Leu Arg Lys Thr Gln Cys
2375 2380 2385
Cys Asp Glu Tyr Glu Cys Ala Cys Asn Cys Val Asn Ser Thr Val
2390 2395 2400
Ser Cys Pro Leu Gly Tyr Leu Ala Ser Thr Ala Thr Asn Asp Cys
2405 2410 2415
Gly Cys Thr Thr Thr Thr Cys Leu Pro Asp Lys Val Cys Val His
2420 2425 2430
Arg Ser Thr Ile Tyr Pro Val Gly Gln Phe Trp Glu Glu Gly Cys
2435 2440 2445
Asp Val Cys Thr Cys Thr Asp Met Glu Asp Ala Val Met Gly Leu
2450 2455 2460
Arg Val Ala Gln Cys Ser Gln Lys Pro Cys Glu Asp Ser Cys Arg
2465 2470 2475
Ser Gly Phe Thr Tyr Val Leu His Glu Gly Glu Cys Cys Gly Arg
2480 2485 2490
Cys Leu Pro Ser Ala Cys Glu Val Val Thr Gly Ser Pro Arg Gly
2495 2500 2505
Asp Ser Gln Ser Ser Trp Lys Ser Val Gly Ser Gln Trp Ala Ser
2510 2515 2520
Pro Glu Asn Pro Cys Leu Ile Asn Glu Cys Val Arg Val Lys Glu
2525 2530 2535
Glu Val Phe Ile Gln Gln Arg Asn Val Ser Cys Pro Gln Leu Glu
2540 2545 2550
Val Pro Val Cys Pro Ser Gly Phe Gln Leu Ser Cys Lys Thr Ser
2555 2560 2565
Ala Cys Cys Pro Ser Cys Arg Cys Glu Arg Met Glu Ala Cys Met
2570 2575 2580
Leu Asn Gly Thr Val Ile Gly Pro Gly Lys Thr Val Met Ile Asp
2585 2590 2595
Val Cys Thr Thr Cys Arg Cys Met Val Gln Val Gly Val Ile Ser
2600 2605 2610
Gly Phe Lys Leu Glu Cys Arg Lys Thr Thr Cys Asn Pro Cys Pro
2615 2620 2625
Leu Gly Tyr Lys Glu Glu Asn Asn Thr Gly Glu Cys Cys Gly Arg
2630 2635 2640
Cys Leu Pro Thr Ala Cys Thr Ile Gln Leu Arg Gly Gly Gln Ile
2645 2650 2655
Met Thr Leu Lys Arg Asp Glu Thr Leu Gln Asp Gly Cys Asp Thr
2660 2665 2670
His Phe Cys Lys Val Asn Glu Arg Gly Glu Tyr Phe Trp Glu Lys
2675 2680 2685
Arg Val Thr Gly Cys Pro Pro Phe Asp Glu His Lys Cys Leu Ala
2690 2695 2700
Glu Gly Gly Lys Ile Met Lys Ile Pro Gly Thr Cys Cys Asp Thr
2705 2710 2715
Cys Glu Glu Pro Glu Cys Asn Asp Ile Thr Ala Arg Leu Gln Tyr
2720 2725 2730
Val Lys Val Gly Ser Cys Lys Ser Glu Val Glu Val Asp Ile His
2735 2740 2745
Tyr Cys Gln Gly Lys Cys Ala Ser Lys Ala Met Tyr Ser Ile Asp
2750 2755 2760
Ile Asn Asp Val Gln Asp Gln Cys Ser Cys Cys Ser Pro Thr Arg
2765 2770 2775
Thr Glu Pro Met Gln Val Ala Leu His Cys Thr Asn Gly Ser Val
2780 2785 2790
Val Tyr His Glu Val Leu Asn Ala Met Glu Cys Lys Cys Ser Pro
2795 2800 2805
Arg Lys Cys Ser Lys
2810
<210> 10
<211> 10
<212> PRT
<213> 人(Homo sapiens)
<400> 10
Glu Gln Lys Leu Ile Ser Glu Glu Asp Leu
1 5 10
<210> 11
<211> 8
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成的肽
<400> 11
Asp Tyr Lys Asp Asp Asp Asp Lys
1 5
<210> 12
<211> 22
<212> RNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成的寡核苷酸
<220>
<221> 修饰的碱基
<222> (1)..(22)
<223> 2'-O-甲基核苷酸
<400> 12
acaugugucu uaggucccug gc 22
Claims (53)
1.一种合成多核苷酸,其序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
2.如权利要求1的合成多核苷酸,其包含至少一个化学修饰。
3.如权利要求1的合成多核苷酸,其中各个核苷酸均包含至少一个化学修饰。
4.如权利要求2或3的合成多核苷酸,其中所述化学修饰是针对选自由所述合成多核苷酸的糖、核碱基或核苷间连接组成的组中的一者进行。
5.如权利要求4的合成多核苷酸,其中所述修饰是针对糖进行的且所述修饰由2’O-甲基修饰组成。
6.如权利要求5的合成多核苷酸,其进一步包含3’和/或5’端帽。
7.如权利要求6的合成多核苷酸,其中所述3’和/或5’端帽为反向的脱氧胸苷。
8.如权利要求6的合成多核苷酸,其中所述3’和/或5’端帽为氨基(NH2)。
9.如权利要求7的合成多核苷酸,其中所述3’端帽包含反向的脱氧胸苷,所述5’端帽包含氨基(NH2)。
10.如权利要求9的合成多核苷酸,其为SEQ ID NO:2。
11.如权利要求2的合成多核苷酸,其包含聚乙二醇轭合物。
12.如权利要求11的合成多核苷酸,其中所述聚乙二醇轭合物连接所述多核苷酸的5’端。
13.如权利要求11的合成多核苷酸,其中所述聚乙二醇轭合物连接所述多核苷酸的3’端。
14.如权利要求11的合成多核苷酸,其为SEQ ID NO:3。
15.一种互补的合成多核苷酸,其能与权利要求1至14中任一项的合成多核苷酸的全部或部分杂交或结合,并且序列为SEQ ID NO:4。
16.如权利要求15的互补的合成多核苷酸,其中至少一个核苷酸包含化学修饰。
17.如权利要求15的互补的合成多核苷酸,其中各个所述核苷酸均包含至少一个化学修饰。
18.如权利要求16的互补的合成多核苷酸,其中所述至少一个化学修饰是针对核苷酸糖的2'-O-甲基修饰。
19.如权利要求15的互补的合成多核苷酸,其包含3’端帽。
20.如权利要求19的互补的合成多核苷酸,其中所述3’端帽为反向的脱氧胸苷。
21.如权利要求15的互补的合成多核苷酸,其序列为SEQ ID NO:5。
22.如权利要求1至14中任一项的合成多核苷酸或权利要求15至21中任一项的互补的合成多核苷酸在制备用于治疗与血管性血友病因子(VWF)有关的疾患、疾病或并发症的药物中的用途。
23.如权利要求22的用途,其中所述疾病为血栓性疾病。
24.如权利要求23的用途,其中所述血栓性疾病为缺血性中风。
25.如权利要求1至14中任一项的合成多核苷酸或权利要求15至21中任一项的互补的合成多核苷酸在制备用于治疗与VAD相关的并发症或疾病的药物中的用途。
26.如权利要求25的用途,其中所述并发症或疾病选自获得性血管性血友病综合征(aVWS)、血管形成异常、闭塞性血栓症和VAD相关泵血栓症。
27.如权利要求1至14中任一项的合成多核苷酸或权利要求15至21中任一项的互补的合成多核苷酸在制备用于治疗包含VWF与红细胞异常结合的并发症或疾病的药物中的用途。
28.如权利要求27的用途,其中所述并发症或疾病为镰状细胞病。
29.如权利要求1至14中任一项的合成多核苷酸或权利要求15至21中任一项的互补的合成多核苷酸在制备用于治疗与和血管形成异常相关的胃肠(GI)出血相关的并发症或疾病的药物中的用途。
30.如权利要求1至14中任一项的合成多核苷酸或权利要求15-21中任一项的互补的合成多核苷酸在制备用于恢复具有一或多个被至少一个闭塞性血栓阻塞的血管的个体的血管通畅性的药物中的用途,其中所述血管至少50%被阻塞,所述恢复包含使所述个体接触VWF保护剂,从而恢复血管通畅性。
31.如权利要求30的用途,其中所述闭塞性血栓的外层被崩解。
32.如权利要求30的用途,其中所述闭塞性血栓是于10,000s-1或更高的剪切速率的条件下形成的。
33.如权利要求30的用途,其中所述闭塞性血栓对纤维蛋白溶解剂和/或抗血栓剂具抗性。
34.如权利要求30的用途,其中所述个体患有选自急性冠状动脉综合征、急性闭塞性血栓症和缺血性中风的症状。
35.如权利要求1至14中任一项的合成多核苷酸或如权利要求15至21中任一项的互补的合成多核苷酸在制备用于崩解具有至少一个血管被阻塞至少50%的个体的一或多个闭塞性血栓的药物中的用途,所述崩解包含使所述个体接触VWF保护剂,从而使一或多个闭塞性血栓崩解。
36.如权利要求35的用途,其中所述闭塞性血栓的外层被崩解。
37.如权利要求35的用途,其中所述闭塞性血栓是于10,000s-1或更高的剪切速率的条件下形成的。
38.如权利要求35的用途,其中所述闭塞性血栓对纤维蛋白溶解剂和/或抗血栓剂具抗性。
39.如权利要求35的用途,其中所述个体患有选自急性冠状动脉综合征、急性闭塞性血栓症和缺血性中风的症状。
40.如权利要求1至14中任一项的合成多核苷酸或权利要求15至21中任一项的互补的合成多核苷酸在制备用于预防患有血栓性疾病或并发症的个体的血小板凝集的药物中的用途。
41.如权利要求40的用途,其中所述合成多核苷酸是经由静脉内注射给予的。
42.如权利要求40的用途,其中所述合成多核苷酸是经由皮下注射给予的。
43.如权利要求41的用途,其中相对于静脉内注射,皮下注射的生物利用率为至少85%。
44.如权利要求41的用途,其中相对于静脉内注射,皮下注射的生物利用率为至少95%。
45.如权利要求41的用途,其中所述合成多核苷酸以0.01mg/kg至0.5mg/kg个体体重的剂量给予。
46.如权利要求40的用途,其中所述合成多核苷酸具有70小时至100小时的血浆半衰期。
47.如权利要求40的用途,其中所述合成多核苷酸不是抗凝剂。
48.如权利要求47的用途,其中所述合成多核苷酸不延长凝血时间。
49.如权利要求47的用途,其中所述合成多核苷酸不改变凝血酶产生。
50.如权利要求40的用途,其中所述血栓性疾病或并发症为心肌梗塞。
51.如权利要求40的用途,其中所述血栓性疾病或并发症为缺血性中风。
52.如权利要求1至14中任一项的合成多核苷酸或权利要求15至21中任一项的互补的合成多核苷酸在制备用于治疗与严重的疟疾和/或大脑疟疾相关的中枢神经系统(CNS)血栓症的药物中的用途。
53.如权利要求1至14中任一项的合成多核苷酸或权利要求15至21中任一项的互补的合成多核苷酸在制备用于治疗与海德(Heyde)氏综合征相关的胃肠(GI)出血的药物中的用途。
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WO2010091396A2 (en) * | 2009-02-09 | 2010-08-12 | Archemix Corp. | Aptamers to von willerbrand factor and their use as thrombotic, hematologic and cardiovascular disease therapeutics |
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EP1789096A4 (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2009-07-08 | Archemix Corp | APTAMERS FOR THE VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR AND ITS USE AS THERAPEUTICS FOR THROMBOTIC DISEASES |
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CN110520128A (zh) | 2019-11-29 |
KR20200008122A (ko) | 2020-01-23 |
IL269641A (en) | 2019-11-28 |
US20200165612A1 (en) | 2020-05-28 |
WO2018213697A1 (en) | 2018-11-22 |
RU2019136508A (ru) | 2021-06-22 |
MX2019013700A (es) | 2020-01-15 |
CN117487811A (zh) | 2024-02-02 |
TWI806868B (zh) | 2023-07-01 |
JP2023093535A (ja) | 2023-07-04 |
AU2018269935A1 (en) | 2019-11-28 |
US11060094B2 (en) | 2021-07-13 |
EP3624801A1 (en) | 2020-03-25 |
US20210292763A1 (en) | 2021-09-23 |
JP7317805B2 (ja) | 2023-07-31 |
TW201900877A (zh) | 2019-01-01 |
IL269641B1 (en) | 2024-08-01 |
AU2018269935B2 (en) | 2024-05-16 |
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