A kind of multiband car antenna
Technical field
The invention belongs to antenna technical fields, and in particular to a kind of multiband car antenna.
Background technique
With the increase of amusement function and driving functional requirement, the electronic equipment above automobile is more and more, is integrated in vapour
Antenna above vehicle be also it is more and more, the available space of car antenna is also fewer and fewer therewith.
The antenna of multiband is the main trend of modern top antenna, it has gathered GPS, multiple frequency range days such as LTE, GSM
These antenna is integrated in the shell of a shark fins shape by line.
At the same time, it is desirable to the transmitting bandwidth of the multimedia messages such as image, video, audio is more and more wider, modern electricity
The development of sub-information technology is also required to the antenna of more excellent performance, these all push communication system to broadband and multifrequency side
It marches forward.
In order to which antenna can be realized the communication of different frequency range, broadband technology and multiband skill of many researchers to antenna
Art is studied, and usually by antenna or is designed as broad-band antenna, is realized the compatibility of different frequency bands, or be designed as multifrequency day
Line.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of multiband car antennas, realize broadband character, can apply
In communications bands such as GSM, LTE and 5G, have a wide range of application.
Technical solution: to achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of multiband car antenna, including metal floor, medium substrate, microstrip line feeder line and it is printed on medium substrate
On radiating element and ground plane, the radiating element include be printed on positive first monopole of medium substrate, second
Monopole, third monopole;The ground plane is printed on the reverse side of medium substrate, and is connected with metal floor;Described
One end of microstrip line feeder line is connected to the bottom end of medium substrate, and the other end is connected on metal floor.
Further, the dielectric constant range of the medium substrate is 4.4, and the metal floor is rectangular metal
Plate.
Further, the length of the medium substrate is 65-75 millimeters, and width is at 20-30 millimeters, and thickness is in 1.4-
1.8 millimeter;The metal floor is rectangular metal plate, and metal plate length is 200-400 millimeters, and width is at 200-400 millimeters.
Further, first monopole by be sequentially connected the first rectangular element, the second rectangular element, first ladder
Shape unit and third rectangular element composition, wherein the first rectangular element side length W1 is 20-25 millimeters, the side width L1 is 2-5
Millimeter, the length W2 of the second rectangular element are 2-5 millimeters, and length L2 is 30-50 millimeters, the side height L3 of the first trapezoidal element
Length of another connection in L4 between 7-9 millimeters, trapezoidal bottom edge is 8-10 millimeters, the width on third rectangular element side
Spending W3 is 6-8 millimeters, and length L5 is 9-11 millimeters;Wherein, the first rectangular element and the second rectangular element, third rectangular element point
It is not vertical.
Further, the third monopole is by the third trapezoidal element, the 4th rectangular element and the 5th that are sequentially connected
Rectangular element is constituted, and wherein the bottom W5 of third trapezoidal element is 6-8 millimeters, and it is highly 12- that upper bottom edge W6, which is 3-5 millimeters,
14 millimeters, the 4th rectangular element width W7 is in 2-4 millimeters of ranges, and length L9 is 30-40 millimeters, the 5th rectangular element width W8
It is 2-3 millimeters, length L10 is 5-7 millimeters.
Further, the microstrip line feeder line includes the feed structure of antenna, and the feed structure of the antenna is by sequentially phase
The 6th rectangular element, the 7th rectangular element, the 8th rectangular element and the 9th rectangular element even, wherein the 6th rectangular element, the
Seven rectangular elements connect in parallel, and the 8th rectangular element and the 9th rectangular element are vertical with the 7th rectangular element respectively, wherein the
Six rectangular element length W9 are 20-30 millimeters, and width L11 is 3-5 millimeters, and the 7th rectangular element length W10 is 20-30 millimeters,
Width L12 is 3-5 millimeters, and the 8th rectangular element width W11 is 0.5-1.5 millimeters, and length L13 is 0.5-1.5 millimeters, the 9th square
Shape cell width W12 is 1-3 millimeters, and length L14 is 2-4 millimeters.
Further, etching forms antenna slots on the feed structure of the antenna, which is U-shaped knot
Structure comprising three gaps being sequentially connected, including bottom edge gap and perpendicular to the vertical gap at bottom edge gap both ends,
The length W13 in insole binding gap is 17-19 millimeters, and the length of vertical gap L15 is 18-22 millimeters, and gap width W14 is 2-4
Millimeter.
Further, the 6th rectangular element connects respectively with the first monopole, the second monopole, third monopole
Logical, the 9th rectangular element connects with metal floor.
Further, the ground plane is made of the tenth rectangular element grown and the 11st rectangular element, wherein the
Ten rectangular element length W15 are 40-50 millimeters, and width L16 is 4-6 millimeters, and the 11st rectangular element length W16 is 15-25 milli
Rice, width L17 are 3-5 millimeters.
Inventive principle: nowadays, mobile communication frequency range mainly includes three frequency ranges: 824MHz-960MHz, 1710MHz-
2690MHz and 3.4GHz-3.6GHz.The advantages that microstrip antenna is since size is small, and light weight is easy of integration, low section becomes multifrequency
The optimal selection of miniature antenna.Traditional monopole sub-antenna can not be easily integrated on automobile due to volume etc., and be printed
By the way that traditional monopole sub-antenna to be printed on medium substrate, the volume for overcoming traditional monopole sub-antenna lacks brush monopole antenna
It falls into and bandwidth defect, and has concurrently and have similar architectural characteristic and feature performance benefit with microstrip antenna, therefore in mobile communication frequency range day
It is widely used in line.It is well known that either traditional monopole sub-antenna or printed monopole antenna all only one
Resonant frequency point, resonance length are a quarters of wavelength.So increasing antenna frequency band, the beamwidth of antenna is widened, reduces antenna ruler
The very little Main way for becoming research printed monopole antenna.
Traditional monopole antenna is to be disposed vertically the metal column for being about a quarter wavelength on the ground.Utilize mirror
As theory, the surface current on ground is replaced to influence using the monopole of a mirror image below ground, so, analyze monopole
Surface current distribution when can be replaced with the Surface current distribution of the top half of equivalent dipole.It should be noted that
Dipole antenna can have radiation in entire space, and only there is radiation in side to monopole antenna on the ground.When ground is unlimited
Theoretical according to the symmetrical dipole of free space when big, the top half radiation areas of monopole antenna can directly equivalent Cheng Dan
The far-field radiation field of pole sub-antenna:
In formula, r is distance of the source point to site, ImIt is maximum current, L is antenna length, and β is phase constant, FθIt is antenna
Far field normalized radiation pattern.By formula (2) it is found that when θ=90 °, FθIt is a definite value, the i.e. direction of the horizontal direction of antenna
Figure is a circle, and monopole antenna is direction-free.Printed monopole also has similar spy as the improvement of traditional monopole
Property.Traditional monopole antenna because the limitation of volume and section can not be integrated into the confined space, usually by monopole
Antenna is printed on medium substrate integrated to realize.Meanwhile printed monopole is planar antenna, bandwidth is more than traditional monopole
It is wide.Therefore, compared to traditional monopole, printed monopole antenna also has broadband, small in size, easy to process and integrated, valence
The cheap equal many merits of lattice.
Printed monopole mainly has feed microstrip line (microstrip feed line by metal floor, medium substrate and radiation patch composition
Directly it is connected with radiation patch) and coplanar wave guide feedback (microstrip feed line, floor and radiation patch are in same plane).According to metal
The difference of patch shape, printed monopole can be divided into circular patch monopole, rectangular patch monopole, triangle patch monopole
Deng.It is well known that microstrip antenna is also to differ only in printed monopole by metal floor, medium substrate and radiation patch composition
Sub-antenna radiation patch, which corresponds to, does not have metal patch below medium substrate, and the radiation patch of microstrip antenna correspondence has gold below
Belong to bottom plate, forms resonant cavity with radiation patch.Although micro-strip paster antenna and printed monopole antenna belong to flat plane antenna, have
Similar architectural characteristic, but their performance or discrepant.Compared with micro-strip paster antenna, the bandwidth phase of printed monopole
To wider.In addition, generally all very thin thickness, dielectric loss are smaller for the dielectric-slab of printed monopole antenna, it is not easy to by medium
The influence of plate material.
According to monopole theory, the calculation formula of the size of the resonance frequency and radiation patch of printed monopole are as follows:
In formula (4) and formula (5), εeIt is dielectric-slab effective dielectric constant, εrIt is dielectric-slab relative dielectric constant, W is monopole
The width of antenna, L are the length of monopole antenna, and the cascade unit of antenna is W/2+L.Pass through the expression formula of above-mentioned resonance frequency
Size adjusting, general printed monopole then can be carried out by simulation software with the size of primary Calculation printed monopole antenna
The cascade unit of antenna is a quarter of wavelength.The performance for reaching needs in practical application, needs to printed monopole
Antenna is deformed, i.e. change radiation patch, and there are mainly two types of the measures of deformation: cutting and load.For example, when needing to reduce antenna
When size, it can use simulation software and show that the current distribution of antenna analyzes main spoke to obtain the resonant path of antenna
Region is penetrated, appropriate cutting then is carried out to reach antenna miniaturization purpose to non-principal radiation areas.Or it can be pasted in radiation
It is cut into gap on the rational position of piece, changes the current distribution of patch, increases the effective current path of antenna, it is humorous to reduce antenna
Vibration frequency.When needing to increase antenna band, parasitic element can be loaded or load other minor matters, increase the resonator of antenna
To obtaining different resonance frequencies, when different resonance frequencies lean on it is close when, the beamwidth of antenna can also be increased.It can also pass through
Cutting floor forms the structure of defect to realize antenna multifrequency, while improving impedance matching.
The utility model has the advantages that compared with prior art, a kind of multiband car antenna of the invention, antenna is coaxial using 50 Ω's
Cable is connected to feed with the microstrip feed line of antenna.In order to simulate the environment of roof, it is flat that antennas orthogonal is placed on horizontal grounding
On face, use cascade unit for a quarter of required working frequency corresponding wavelength according to antenna, three monopoles are connected to one
It rises and forms one directly by the print structure of feed microstrip line, the monopole of three different lengths occurs humorous at different frequencies
Vibration.Introducing gradual course, gap structure and capacitive structures, raising impedance matching, bandwidth 890MHZ-960MHz,
1710MHz-2690MHz and 3.4G-3.6GHz, realizes broadband character, can be applicable to the communications bands such as GSM, LTE and 5G,
Have a wide range of application, has many advantages, such as that structure novel, compact, cost of manufacture are cheap.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic perspective view of multiband car antenna;
Fig. 2 is the front view of the first monopole of multiband car antenna;
Fig. 3 is the front view of the second monopole of multiband car antenna;
Fig. 4 is the front view of the third monopole of multiband car antenna;
Fig. 5 is the front view of the feed structure of multiband car antenna;
Fig. 6 is the front view in multiband car antenna gap;
Fig. 7 is the rearview of multiband car antenna;
Fig. 8 is the reflection coefficient schematic diagram of multiband car antenna;
Fig. 9 is the antenna pattern in multiband car antenna face E at frequency 900MHz;
Figure 10 is the antenna pattern in multiband car antenna face H at frequency 900MHz;
Figure 11 is the antenna pattern in multiband car antenna face E at frequency 2.5GHz;
Figure 12 is the antenna pattern in multiband car antenna face H at frequency 2.5GHz;
Figure 13 is the antenna pattern in multiband car antenna face E at frequency 3.5GHz;
Figure 14 is the antenna pattern in multiband car antenna face H at frequency 3.5GHz;
Appended drawing reference: 1- metal floor;2- medium substrate;The first monopole of 3-;The second monopole of 4-;5- third monopole
Son;6- microstrip line feeder line;7- antenna slots.
Specific embodiment
The content of patent for a better understanding of the present invention further illustrates this in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments
The technical solution of invention.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of multiband car antenna, including metal floor 1, medium substrate 2 and it is printed on medium base
Radiating element on plate 2, antenna are produced on the medium substrate 2 that dielectric constant range is 4.4, are antenna using metal floor 1
Directed radiation, metal floor 1 are rectangular metal plate, and radiating element includes the first monopole 3, the second monopole 4, third monopole
5;First monopole 3, the second monopole 4, third monopole 5 and microstrip line feeder line 6 are printed on the front of medium substrate 2, such as Fig. 3
Shown, ground plane is printed on the reverse side of medium substrate 2, and is connected with metal floor 1.Microstrip line feeder line 6 includes the feedback of antenna
Electric structure and the antenna slots 7 etched on the feed structure of antenna.
The length of medium substrate 2 is in 65-75 millimeters of ranges, and width is in 20-30 millimeters of ranges, and thickness is in 1.4-1.8
In millimeter range.
Electric wave signal feed-in source of the microstrip line feeder line 6 as antenna, one end of microstrip line feeder line 6 is connected to medium substrate 2
Bottom end, the other end is connected on metal floor 1;The length range of metal floor 1 is 200-400 millimeters, and width range is
200-400 millimeters.
As shown in connection with fig. 1, metal floor 1 is rectangular metal plate, and metal plate length is width in 200-400 millimeters of ranges
In 200-400 millimeters of ranges.
As shown in connection with fig. 2, the first monopole 3 is by the first rectangular element, the second rectangular element, first trapezoidal for being sequentially connected
Unit and third rectangular element composition, wherein the first rectangular element side length W1 is 20-25 millimeters, the side width L1 is 2-5 milli
Rice, the length W2 of the second rectangular element are 2-5 millimeter, and length L2 is 30-50 millimeters, the side height L3 of the first trapezoidal element
7-9 millimeters, length of another connection in L4 between trapezoidal bottom edge is 8-10 millimeters, the width on third rectangular element side
W3 is 6-8 millimeters, and length L5 is 9-11 millimeters.Wherein, the first rectangular element and the second rectangular element, third rectangular element are distinguished
Vertically.
As shown in connection with fig. 3, the second monopole 4 is trapezium structure, is the second trapezoidal element, wherein the height of the second trapezoidal element
Spending W4 is 6-8 millimeters, and bottom L6 length is 25-35 millimeters, and upper bottom edge L7 length is 17-19 millimeters.
As shown in connection with fig. 4, third monopole 5 is by the third trapezoidal element, the 4th rectangular element and the 5th square that are sequentially connected
Shape unit is constituted, and wherein the bottom W5 of third trapezoidal element is 6-8 millimeters, and it is highly 12-14 that upper bottom edge W6, which is 3-5 millimeters,
Millimeter, the 4th rectangular element width W7 are in 2-4 millimeters of ranges, and length L9 is 30-40 millimeters, and the 5th rectangular element width W8 is
2-3 millimeters, length L10 is 5-7 millimeters.
As shown in connection with fig. 5, the feed structure of antenna is by the 6th rectangular element, the 7th rectangular element, the 8th that are sequentially connected
Rectangular element and the 9th rectangular element, wherein the 6th rectangular element, the 7th rectangular element connect in parallel, the 8th rectangular element and
9th rectangular element is vertical with the 7th rectangular element respectively, wherein the 6th rectangular element length W9 is 20-30 millimeters, width
L11 is 3-5 millimeters, and the 7th rectangular element length W10 is 20-30 millimeters, and width L12 is 3-5 millimeters, the 8th rectangular element width
W11 is 0.5-1.5 millimeters, and length L13 is 0.5-1.5 millimeters, and the 9th rectangular element width W12 is 1-3 millimeters, and length L14 is
2-4 millimeters.
6th rectangular element is respectively communicated with the first monopole 3, the second monopole 4, third monopole 5, and the described the 9th
Rectangular element connects with metal floor 1.
As shown in connection with fig. 6, antenna slots 7 are U-shaped structure comprising three gaps being sequentially connected, including bottom edge
Gap and vertical gap perpendicular to bottom edge gap both ends, the length W13 in insole binding gap are 17-19 millimeters, vertical gap
The length of L15 is 18-22 millimeters, and gap width W14 is 2-4 millimeters.
As shown in connection with fig. 7, ground plane is made of the tenth rectangular element grown and the 11st rectangular element, wherein the tenth square
Shape element length W15 is 40-50 millimeters, and width L16 is 4-6 millimeters, and the 11st rectangular element length W16 is 15-25 millimeters, wide
Spending L17 is 3-5 millimeters.
As shown in connection with fig. 8, emulation experiment is carried out to this novel multiband car antenna with electromagnetic simulation software HFSS.It is real
Reflection coefficient S11 characteristic is tested, 834-1000MHz, S11 < -10dB between 1680-3050MHz and 3.3-3.68GHz realize width
Band characteristic.
In conjunction with shown in Fig. 9-14, it is real that emulation is carried out to this novel multiband car antenna with electromagnetic simulation software HFSS
It tests.Give radiation pattern.Fig. 5-10 shows that at three frequency points (0.9GHz, 2.2GHz, 3.5GHz), antenna exists
Simulation result matching on the face E and the face H preferably can keep omnidirectional radiation on the face H, meet the need of car antenna omnidirectional radiation
It asks.At 0.9GHz, antenna directional diagram on the face E is approximately the figure of eight, similar to half-wave dipole antenna, but since floor is anti-
The reason of penetrating, antenna radiation pattern tilt upwards slightly, and as the increase of frequency, inclination are also constantly becoming larger, antenna side lobe subtracts
Few, main lobe increases.When frequency point be 3.5GHz, when, the greatest irradiation direction of antenna tilts to 0 degree.