Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a mobile communication frequency band printed monopole antenna, which meets the requirement of broadband and increases the antenna gain to a certain extent.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a mobile communication frequency band printed monopole antenna comprises a metal floor, a dielectric substrate and a radiation unit printed on the dielectric substrate, wherein the radiation unit comprises a T-shaped microstrip line radiation unit and a conical microstrip line radiation unit which are communicated with each other; the microstrip feeder is used as a radio wave signal feed source of the antenna, one end of the microstrip feeder is connected with the planar antenna, and the other end of the microstrip feeder is connected with the metal floor.
Furthermore, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is 4.4, and the metal floor is a rectangular metal plate.
Furthermore, the microstrip line feeder is 14mm in length and 2mm in width; the length of the medium substrate is 65-75 mm, the width is 55-65 mm, and the thickness is 1.4-1.8 mm.
Further, the length of the metal floor is 200-400 mm, and the width is 200-400 mm.
Further, the T-shaped microstrip line radiating element comprises a horizontal rectangular antenna element and a vertical rectangular antenna element which are connected, wherein the length W of the horizontal rectangular antenna element is 45-50 mm, the width LS of the horizontal rectangular antenna element is 10-14 mm, the length L of the vertical rectangular antenna element is 65-75 mm, and the width WS of the vertical rectangular antenna element is 15-19 mm; wherein the vertical rectangular antenna element is located at a midpoint of the horizontal rectangular antenna element.
Further, the conical microstrip line radiating unit is a symmetrically-arranged concave structure, and is divided into two half sides by a center line, the half sides comprise a ZA side and a ZB side which are horizontally arranged in parallel, and a ZC side and a ZD side which are vertically arranged in parallel, wherein the ZB side is connected with the ZD side through the ZE side, the ZA side is connected with the ZD side sequentially through a ZF side and a ZG side, wherein the ZA side is 8-12 mm long, the ZB side is 6-8 mm long, the ZC side is 1.5-3.5 mm long, the ZD side is 20-30 mm long, the ZE side is 20-30 mm long, the ZF side is 25-35 mm long, the ZG side is 10-20 mm long, an included angle ∠ a between the ZF side and the ZG side is 65.4 °, ∠ B between the ZG side and the ZD side is 133 °, and an included angle of ZB 32C side and ZB between the ZB side is 109 ° 19 ° and ZE side is 109 ° 539.
The invention principle is as follows: nowadays, the mobile communication frequency band mainly includes three frequency bands: 824MHz-960MHz, 1710MHz-2690MHz and 3.4GHz-3.6 GHz. The microstrip antenna is the best choice for the multi-frequency miniaturized antenna due to the advantages of small size, light weight, easy integration, low profile and the like. The traditional monopole antenna can not be simply integrated on an automobile due to reasons such as volume, and the like, and the printed monopole antenna overcomes the volume defect and bandwidth defect of the traditional monopole antenna by printing the traditional monopole antenna on a medium substrate, and has the structural characteristics and performance advantages similar to those of a microstrip antenna, so that the printed monopole antenna is widely applied to mobile communication frequency band antennas. It is well known that both conventional monopole antennas and printed monopole antennas have only one resonant frequency point, the resonant length being one quarter of a wavelength. Therefore, increasing the antenna frequency band, widening the antenna bandwidth, and reducing the antenna size are the main directions for studying printed monopole antennas.
A conventional monopole antenna is a metal post approximately one-quarter wavelength long that is placed vertically on the ground. By using the mirror image theory, a mirror image monopole under the ground is used to replace the surface current influence of the ground, so the surface current distribution of the monopole can be replaced by the surface current distribution of the upper half part of the equivalent dipole when analyzing the surface current distribution of the monopole. It should be noted that a dipole antenna may radiate throughout space, while a monopole antenna only radiates above ground. When the ground is infinite, according to the free space dipole theory, the upper half radiation area of the monopole antenna can be directly equivalent to the far field radiation field of the monopole antenna:
where r is the distance from the source point to the field point, ImIs the maximum current, L is the antenna length, β is the phase constant, FθIs the far field normalized pattern of the antenna. As can be seen from formula (2), when θ is 90 °, FθIs a constant value, i.e. the horizontal directional pattern of the antenna is a circle, and the monopole antenna is non-directional. Printed monopoles also have similar characteristics as an improvement over conventional monopoles. Conventional monopole antennas cannot be integrated into a limited space due to volume and profile limitations, and therefore, the monopole antennas are generally printed on a dielectric substrate to achieve integration. Meanwhile, the printed monopole is a planar antenna, and the bandwidth is wider than that of the traditional monopole. Therefore, compared with the traditional monopole, the printed monopole antenna also has the advantages of wide frequency band, small volume, easy processing and integration, low price and the like.
The printed monopole is composed of a metal floor, a dielectric substrate and a radiation patch, and mainly comprises a microstrip line feed (a microstrip feed line is directly connected with the radiation patch) and a coplanar waveguide feed (the microstrip feed line, the floor and the radiation patch are on the same plane). The printed monopole can be divided into a circular patch monopole, a rectangular patch monopole, a triangular patch monopole and the like according to different shapes of the metal patches. As is known, a microstrip antenna also consists of a metal floor, a dielectric substrate and a radiation patch, and the difference is that no metal patch is arranged below the printed monopole antenna radiation patch corresponding to the dielectric substrate, and a metal bottom plate is arranged below the microstrip antenna radiation patch corresponding to the radiation patch to form a resonant cavity with the radiation patch. Although the microstrip patch antenna and the printed monopole antenna belong to planar antennas and have similar structural characteristics, the performances of the microstrip patch antenna and the printed monopole antenna are different. The bandwidth of the printed monopole is relatively wide compared to a microstrip patch antenna. In addition, the dielectric plate of the printed monopole antenna is generally very thin, has low dielectric loss and is not easily influenced by the material of the dielectric plate.
According to the monopole theory, the calculation formula of the resonance frequency of the printed monopole and the size of the radiation patch is as follows:
in the formulae (4) and (5), epsiloneIs the equivalent dielectric constant, epsilon, of the dielectric platerIs the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric plate, W is the width of the monopole antenna, L is the length of the monopole antenna, and the radiation length of the antenna is W/2+ L. The size of the printed monopole antenna can be preliminarily calculated through the expression of the resonant frequency, and then the size is adjusted through simulation software, wherein the radiation length of the printed monopole antenna is one fourth of the wavelength. In order to achieve the required performance in practical applications, the printed monopole antenna needs to be deformed, that is, the radiation patch is changed, and there are two main deformation measures: cutting and loading. For example, when the size of the antenna needs to be reduced, simulation software can be used for displaying the current distribution of the antenna, so that the resonant path of the antenna is obtained, the main radiation area is analyzed, and then the non-main radiation area is properly cut to achieve the purpose of antenna miniaturization. Or a slit can be cut at a reasonable position of the radiation patch, the current distribution of the patch is changed, the effective current path of the antenna is increased, and the resonant frequency of the antenna is reduced. When the frequency band of the antenna needs to be increased, a parasitic unit or other branches can be loaded, resonators of the antenna are added to obtain different resonant frequencies, and when the different resonant frequencies are close to each other, the bandwidth of the antenna can be increased. The antenna can also be multi-frequency by cutting the floor to form a defective structure, and simultaneously, the impedance matching is improved.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the mobile communication frequency band printed monopole antenna comprises a metal floor, a dielectric substrate and a radiating unit printed on the dielectric substrate, wherein the metal floor is a rectangular metal plate, and the radiating unit consists of a T-shaped microstrip line radiating unit and a conical microstrip line radiating unit; the dielectric substrate, the T-shaped microstrip line radiating unit and the conical microstrip line radiating unit form a planar antenna, the planar antenna is vertically fixed on the metal floor through a microstrip line feeder, one end of the microstrip line feeder is connected to the bottom end of the microstrip line radiating unit, and the other end of the microstrip line feeder is connected to the metal floor. The antenna realizes broadband characteristics, can be applied to communication frequency bands such as GSM, LTE, 5G and the like, and has wide application range.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the contents of the present patent application, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1-2, a mobile communication frequency band printed monopole antenna includes a metal floor 1, a dielectric substrate 2 and a radiation unit printed on the dielectric substrate 2, wherein the radiation unit includes a T-shaped microstrip line radiation unit 3 and a conical microstrip line radiation unit 4 which are communicated with each other, and the T-shaped microstrip line radiation unit 3 is communicated with the conical microstrip line radiation unit 4; the dielectric substrate 2, the T-shaped microstrip radiation unit 3 and the tapered microstrip radiation unit 4 constitute a planar antenna, which is vertically fixed on the metal floor 1 by a microstrip feeder 5. The microstrip line feeder 5 is used as a radio wave signal feed source of the antenna, one end of the microstrip line feeder is connected with the planar antenna, and the other end of the microstrip line feeder is connected with the metal floor 1. The dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 2 is 4.4, and the metal floor 1 is a rectangular metal plate. The microstrip line feeder 5 is 14mm in length and 2mm in width; the dielectric substrate 2 has a length of 65-75 mm, a width of 55-65 mm and a thickness of 1.4-1.8 mm.
The length of the metal floor 1 is 200-400 mm, and the width is 200-400 mm.
The T-shaped microstrip line radiation unit 3 comprises a horizontal rectangular antenna unit and a vertical rectangular antenna unit which are connected, wherein the length W of the horizontal rectangular antenna unit is 45-50 mm, the width LS is 10-14 mm, the length L of the vertical rectangular antenna unit is 65-75 mm, and the width WS is 15-19 mm. Wherein the vertical rectangular antenna element is located at a midpoint of the horizontal rectangular antenna element.
The conical microstrip radiation unit 4 is a concave structure symmetrically arranged, the concave structure is divided into two half sides by a center line, the half sides of the concave structure comprise a ZA side and a ZB side which are horizontally arranged in parallel, and a ZC side and a ZD side which are vertically arranged in parallel, wherein the ZB side is connected with the ZD side through the ZE side, the ZA side sequentially passes through a ZF side and a ZG side to be connected with the ZD side, the ZA side is 8-12 mm long, the ZB side is 6-8 mm long, the ZC side is 1.5-3.5 mm long, the ZF side is 20-30 mm long, the ZE side is 20-30 mm long, the ZF side is 25-35 mm long, the ZG side is 10-20 mm long, the ZF side is 65.4 degrees, the ZF side is ∠ A degrees, the ZG side is 133 degrees, the ZF side is ∠ degrees, the ZF side is 109 degrees, the ZF side is 36 degrees.
A mobile communication frequency band printed monopole antenna has the bandwidth of 824M-960MHz, 1.7G-2.7GHz and 3.4G-3.6 GHz. The antenna realizes broadband characteristics, can be applied to communication frequency bands such as GSM, LTE, 5G and the like, and has wide application range.
In conjunction with fig. 3, a simulation experiment was performed on this mobile communication band printed monopole antenna using an electromagnetic simulation software HFSS. The experimental reflection coefficient S11 characteristic is S11< -10dB between 824-960MHz,1.7-2.7GGHz and 3.4-3.6GHz, thereby realizing the broadband characteristic and supporting the mobile communication frequency band.
In conjunction with fig. 4-9, the electromagnetic simulation software HFSS was used to perform simulation experiments on the novel mobile communication band printed monopole antenna. An antenna radiation pattern is given. Fig. 4-9 show simulated normalized patterns of the antenna in the E-plane and H-plane at three frequency points (900MHz, 2.2GHz, 3.5 GHz). As can be seen from the figure, the H surface of the antenna can have good omni-directionality at two frequency points of 900MHz and 2.2GHz, the requirement of the vehicle-mounted antenna on omni-directional radiation is met, and the H surface is inclined towards the x direction at the position of 3.5 GHz. Also, because of the asymmetry of the antenna, the E-plane pattern of the antenna tilts in the-x direction as the frequency increases. At 0.9GHz, the antenna is approximately "8" shaped in the E-plane elevation, similar to a half-wave dipole antenna, but due to floor reflection the main radiation direction of the antenna is not exactly 90 degrees, but at 45 degrees. At 2.2GHz, the antenna E-plane radiation pattern also has a tendency to tilt up, but the main radiation direction is tilted more 90 degrees compared to the 0.9GHz measurement pattern. At 3.5GHz, the E-plane radiation pattern measured by the antenna is obviously increased in side lobes and enhanced in main lobe, so that the gain of the antenna at high frequency is larger than that of low frequency.