CN110511896A - 一株产多细菌素的植物乳杆菌、细菌素及其提取方法和应用 - Google Patents
一株产多细菌素的植物乳杆菌、细菌素及其提取方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110511896A CN110511896A CN201910843258.0A CN201910843258A CN110511896A CN 110511896 A CN110511896 A CN 110511896A CN 201910843258 A CN201910843258 A CN 201910843258A CN 110511896 A CN110511896 A CN 110511896A
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- bacteriocin
- lactobacillus plantarum
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Abstract
本发明公开了保藏编号为CGMCC No.17713的植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)DZ35,菌体及其所产细菌素具有广谱抗菌活性,对多种革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌(包括致病菌和腐败菌)均展现出强抑菌能力,可用于制备抗菌或/和防腐产品,应用于医疗、食品等领域以控制细菌性病原菌或腐败菌;本发明还利用全基因组测序的生物信息学方法对该菌株所产细菌素进行了鉴定,共鉴定出4种细菌素,其中3种为首次发现的新型细菌素。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物技术领域,涉及一株产多细菌素的植物乳杆菌、细菌素及其提取方法和应用。
背景技术
细菌素是某些细菌在代谢过程中通过核糖体合成机制产生的一类具有抑菌活性的多肽、蛋白质或蛋白质复合物,它对近缘微生物具有抑菌或杀菌作用,而对产生菌无影响,被认为是极有前景的抗生素替代物和生物防腐剂。大多数细菌素都具有窄的抑菌谱,能选择性地杀死某一类有害微生物而对正常菌群无影响。目前已经大量使用的细菌素有nisin和pediocins,但它们主要对革兰氏阳性菌起作用,抑菌谱较窄,且除nisin外,其他细菌素还没有进行很好的基础研究和开发应用研究。细菌素的特性多种多样,因此可以从自然界中找到新作用靶点细菌素,以发挥细菌素之间的互补和协同作用,扩大抑菌谱范围。
自然界迄今研究过的细菌种类中,几乎所有的细菌(99%)都能产生至少一种细菌素。在所有细菌素产生菌中,乳酸菌因其“GRAS”等级安全性而更受到关注。乳酸菌中的许多种属都具有产细菌素的共同特性,比如乳球菌属、明串珠菌属、片球菌属和乳杆菌属等,他们提供了丰富的细菌素来源。
为了获得高纯度的细菌素,需要通过基于细菌素的物理化学特性,强制性地将其从其他蛋白质的混合物中分离出来。首先,需要将细菌素从无细胞发酵液中分离出来,目前常用的技术是盐析法,另外有少数报道的有机溶剂提取法、菌体吸附法、双水相法和泡沫法等。随后,使用色谱法将绝大部分杂蛋白除去,这些色谱方法包括凝胶过滤色谱、离子交换色谱、疏水相互作用色谱和反相色谱等。最后,利用RP-HPLC、电泳等方法获得纯细菌素。另外,有报道通过制备等电点聚焦和免疫亲和色谱一步性得到纯化的细菌素。为了获得一个纯细菌素,一般需要经过2-6步不同色谱柱的分离,整个过程需要耗费大量的时间。同时,由于对目标多肽或蛋白的未知性,可能最终获得的多肽为已知细菌素或非核糖体编码的次级代谢抗菌肽(而不是细菌素)。此外,细菌至少能产生一种细菌素,有的细菌甚至能产生几十种不同细菌素,同时分离纯化出多种细菌素难以实现。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一株具有广谱抗菌活性的乳酸菌及其应用;目的之二在于提供该乳酸菌的细菌素混合物及其制备方法和应用;目的之三在于利用全基因组测序的生物信息学方法对该菌株所产多种细菌素进行鉴定。
经研究,本发明提供如下技术方案:
1.植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)DZ35,保藏编号为CGMCC No.17713。
本发明的植物乳杆菌DZ35是从家庭自制传统发酵的泡菜水中分离获得,于2019年5月6日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(简称CGMCC,地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号),保藏编号为CGMCC No.17713,分类命名为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)。
2.植物乳杆菌DZ35或其菌悬液或其发酵液或其代谢物在制备抗菌或/和防腐产品中的应用。
进一步,所述抗菌或/和防腐产品同时抑制革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌。
进一步,所述抗菌或/和防腐产品抑制大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)、铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella)、阪崎克罗诺肠杆菌(Enterobacter sakazakii)、单核细胞增生李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)中的任一种或多种。
其中,大肠埃希氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌、沙门氏菌、阪崎克罗诺肠杆菌为革兰氏阴性菌,单核细胞增生李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌为革兰氏阳性菌。
3.植物乳杆菌DZ35产生的细菌素混合物。
4.所述细菌素混合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将植物乳杆菌DZ35接种于MRS液体培养基中,30℃静置培养不低于36h,提取发酵液中的蛋白,即得细菌素混合物。
进一步,所述细菌素混合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将植物乳杆菌DZ35种子菌以0.1wt%的接种量接种于MRS液体培养基中,30℃静置培养72h,所得发酵液用盐析法沉淀提取蛋白,即得细菌素混合物。
5.植物乳杆菌DZ35产生的细菌素,氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.4、SEQ ID No.5或SEQID No.6所示。
6.植物乳杆菌DZ35产生的细菌素混合物或细菌素在制备抗菌或/和防腐产品中的应用。
进一步,所述抗菌或/和防腐产品同时抑制革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌。
进一步,所述抗菌或/和防腐产品抑制大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)、铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella)、阪崎克罗诺肠杆菌(Enterobacter sakazakii)、单核细胞增生李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)中的任一种或多种。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明公开了保藏编号为CGMCC No.17713的植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)DZ35,菌体及其所产细菌素具有广谱抗菌活性,对多种革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌(包括致病菌和腐败菌)均展现出强抑菌能力,可用于制备抗菌或/和防腐产品,应用于医疗、食品等领域以控制细菌性病原菌或腐败菌;本发明还利用全基因组测序的生物信息学方法对该菌株所产细菌素进行了鉴定,共鉴定出4种细菌素,其中3种为首次发现的新型细菌素。
附图说明
图1为植物乳杆菌DZ35的革兰氏染色镜检。
图2为植物乳杆菌DZ35菌体对7种致病菌的抑菌活性。
图3为植物乳杆菌DZ35的生长曲线及发酵液pH的变化。
图4为发酵过程中细菌素混合物对致病菌抑菌活性的变化。
图5为Illumina Hiseq 4000测序实验流程。
图6植物乳杆菌DZ35编码细菌素与已知细菌素的比对。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的描述。
实施例1:抗菌乳酸菌的筛选与鉴定
(1)微生物菌株的分离
用灭菌生理盐水以10倍的稀释梯度对泡菜水样品进行稀释。分别取100μL 10-2、10-3、10-4、10-5稀释度的泡菜水稀释液涂布到MRS固体培养基上,37℃恒温培养48h。挑取乳酸菌单菌落,进一步采用划线分离法对特征菌落进行反复地分离纯化,记录各菌落的形态特征并采用革兰氏染色镜检,观察。
所述MRS固体培养基按质量百分含量计由以下成分组成:葡萄糖2%、蛋白胨1%、牛肉膏1%、酵母膏0.5%、乙酸钠0.5%、吐温80 0.1%、柠檬酸氢二胺0.1%、硫酸镁0.02%、硫酸锰0.005%、琼脂粉1.5%、余量为蒸馏水。
DZ35菌株菌落形态特征:在MRS琼脂平板上菌落形状为圆形、表面光滑且稍微凸起,菌落颜色为浅乳白色。
DZ35菌株个体形态特征如图1所示,为革兰氏阳性(G+),短杆状,单个或成对,无芽孢,无鞭毛。
(2)抗菌乳酸菌的筛选
使用双层划线法进行抗菌乳酸菌的筛选。将乳酸菌接种到MRS液体培养基中培养至OD600nm=0.8,用接种环将菌悬液划线到MRS琼脂平板上(2条平行线,长度约2cm),37℃恒温培养12h。将10mL含有106CFU/mL指示菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、粪肠球菌、大肠埃希氏菌、沙门氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌、阪崎克罗诺肠杆菌)的LB琼脂培养基(0.7wt%琼脂)倾注到上述MRS培养基表面,37℃恒温培养24h,观察抑菌圈大小。
结果如图2所示,DZ35菌株对测定的3株革兰氏阳性致病菌和4株革兰氏阴性致病菌均展现出强抑菌圈。由此可见,DZ35菌株具有广谱抗菌活性,能够同时抑制革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌。
(3)微生物菌株的鉴定:
将DZ35菌株接种于MRS液体培养基中,37℃培养12h。按Genomic DNAMini Kit(Invitrogen,USA)试剂盒说明书方法提取乳酸菌基因组DNA。以乳酸菌基因组DNA为模板,27F(SEQ ID No.1)和1495R(SEQ ID No.2)为引物进行16s rDNA扩增,并对PCR扩增产物进行测序分析。
获得的DZ35菌株的16s rDNA序列如SEQ ID No.3所示,在NCBI数据库中进行BLAST比对分析,结果显示,DZ35菌株与植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)的Identity=98%(>97%)。因此,DZ35菌株为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum),将其命名为DZ35,于2019年5月6日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(简称CGMCC,地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号),保藏号为CGMCC No.17713。
实施例2:植物乳杆菌DZ35细菌素提取物的抗菌活性
(1)植物乳杆菌DZ35的生长曲线
挑取植物乳杆菌DZ35单菌落接种于10mL MRS液体培养基中,37℃、150rpm过夜培养,作为种子菌。以0.1wt%的接种量将种子菌接种到3L MRS液体培养基中,30℃静置培养78h。培养期间,每隔6h取样100mL,测定菌悬液的pH值,同时使用分光光度计测定OD600nm吸光值。
结果如图3所示,植物乳杆菌DZ35具有典型的生长曲线,在前12h处于延迟期,12-36h处于对数生长期,36h以后进入稳定期;在整个发酵过程中,发酵液的pH值从pH 6.2逐步降低,最后稳定在pH 4以下。
(2)细菌素提取物的抑菌活性
将前述(1)中每隔6h取样的菌悬液分别离心(8000rpm、15min、4℃),所得上清液使用硫酸铵沉淀提取细菌素。将所得细菌素提取物溶解于pH6.0的PBS缓冲液中,用牛津杯法测定其抗菌活性(以单核细胞增生李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌和沙门氏菌为指示菌)。
牛津杯法步骤如下:将5mL 2wt%无菌琼脂倒入无菌平皿中使其覆盖平皿底部,待凝固后,将3个灭菌后的牛津杯用镊子等距离放到琼脂平板上。将培养至对数期的指示菌用新鲜的LB液体培养基调节菌体浓度至108CFU/mL左右,取1mL菌悬液,加入到冷却至45℃左右的100mL含有0.7wt%琼脂的LB培养基中,混合均匀后,取20mL倒入琼脂平板中(不要倒入到牛津杯的孔里),待完全凝固后,小心地用无菌镊子夹出牛津杯,在琼脂平板上的3个小孔中分别加入测试样品100μL,然后将平板置4℃下2h使样品充分扩散,再转移到37℃下培养12h,观察抑菌现象,并测量抑菌圈直径。
结果如图4所示,植物乳杆菌DZ35生长到第36h,其细菌素提取物对4种致病菌均出现抑制活性,且随着发酵时间的延长,抑菌活性逐渐增强,在第72h活性达到最高。
实施例3:植物乳杆菌DZ35所产细菌素的鉴定
(1)基因组DNA提取
将植物乳杆菌DZ35活化后,挑取单菌落接种于新鲜的MRS液体培养基中,37℃、150rpm培养28h,离心(6000rpm、4℃、15min)收集菌体,根据Genomic DNA MiniKit(Invitrogen,USA)试剂盒说明书方法提取细菌基因组DNA。所得基因组DNA经检测,OD280/OD260比值为1.86,DNA浓度为312ng/μL。
(2)Illumina Hiseq测序
Illumina Hiseq 4000测序文库的构建及测序流程如图5所示。首先,对DNA样品进行检测,检测合格后进行测序文库构建:①取5μg DNA样品,采用超声法Covaris将大片段基因组DNA随机打断并产生长度约为270bp的DNA片段;②用T4DNA Polymerase、Klenow DNAPolymerase和T4PNK将打断形成的粘性末端修复成平末端;③通过3'端加碱基“A”,使得DNA片段能与3'端带有“T”碱基的特殊接头连接;④使用PCR技术扩增两端带有接头的DNA片段;⑤用电泳法选择回收270bp的插入片段;然后,用合格的文库进行cluster制备,通过Illumina Hiseq 4000测序平台对基因组DNA进行Paired-End测序(2×150bp)。
(3)Oxford Nanopore MinION测序
取检测合格的植物乳杆菌DZ35基因组DNA,根据Oxford Nanopore Kits使用说明书,构建DNA测序文库:①吸取7.5μL植物乳杆菌DZ35基因组DNA与2.5μL FragmentationMix RB01混合,轻轻混匀,进行barcode处理;②混合物连续分别在30℃和80℃各孵育1min后,立即放置到冰面上冷却;③在10μL barcode的样品中加入1μL RAP,混匀后,在室温下反应5min;④混合SQB和FLB,放到冰面预冷,再加入FLT,混匀;⑤加入800μL步骤④中的混合物到SpotON Flow Cell中,室温下放置5min;⑥加入步骤④中剩余的200μL混合物到FlowCell中;⑦在步骤③准备好的样品中加入34μL SQB、25.5μL LB和4.5μL Nuclease-freewater,并混匀;⑧将混匀后的样品加入到Flow Cell中,进行测序。
(4)基因组组装
利用unicycler软件将Illumina Hiseq测序获得的序列和Oxford NanoporeMinION测序获得的序列进行基因组组装。
结果:组装后获得了45个contig,总大小为3,962,622bp。
(5)细菌素鉴定
将组装获得的植物乳杆菌DZ35基因组序列加载到细菌素数据库BAGEL4中进行细菌素鉴定。
结果:共鉴定到了4种细菌素,除已知细菌素Sactipeptides外,还包括3个新型细菌素(图6),具体如下:
①Plantaricin bkz1:氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.4所示,与已知细菌素Pentocin的匹配度(match)为96.55%;
②Plantaricin bkz2:氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.5所示,与已知细菌素Acidocin B的匹配度为52.38%;
③Plantaricin bkz3:氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.6所示,与已知细菌素Pediocin的匹配度为78.57%。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管通过参照本发明的优选实施例已经对本发明进行了描述,但本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以在形式上和细节上对其作出各种各样的改变,而不偏离所附权利要求书所限定的本发明的精神和范围。
序列表
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Claims (10)
1.植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)DZ35,保藏编号为CGMCC No.17713。
2.权利要求1所述的植物乳杆菌DZ35或其菌悬液或其发酵液或其代谢物在制备抗菌或/和防腐产品中的应用。
3.如权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述抗菌或/和防腐产品同时抑制革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌。
4.如权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述抗菌或/和防腐产品抑制大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)、铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella)、阪崎克罗诺肠杆菌(Enterobacter sakazakii)、单核细胞增生李斯特菌(Listeriamonocytogenes)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和粪肠球菌(Enterococcusfaecalis)中的任一种或多种。
5.权利要求1所述植物乳杆菌DZ35产生的细菌素混合物。
6.权利要求5所述细菌素混合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:将植物乳杆菌DZ35接种于MRS液体培养基中,30℃静置培养不低于36h,提取发酵液中的多肽和蛋白,即得细菌素混合物。
7.权利要求1所述植物乳杆菌DZ35产生的细菌素,其特征在于,氨基酸序列如SEQ IDNo.4、SEQ ID No.5或SEQ ID No.6所示。
8.权利要求5所述细菌素混合物或权利要求7所述细菌素在制备抗菌或/和防腐产品中的应用。
9.如权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述抗菌或/和防腐产品同时抑制革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌。
10.如权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述抗菌或/和防腐产品抑制大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)、铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella)、阪崎克罗诺肠杆菌(Enterobacter sakazakii)、单核细胞增生李斯特菌(Listeriamonocytogenes)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和粪肠球菌(Enterococcusfaecalis)中的任一种或多种。
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CN115851491A (zh) * | 2022-08-31 | 2023-03-28 | 西北农林科技大学 | 植物乳植杆菌及其应用 |
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